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TTMIK - 30 Essential Irregular Verbs

This list is a physical list of TTMIK’s “Learn Korean - 30 Essential Korean Irregular Verbs”. All rights are reserved to TTMIK and their team for creating this list! Go here for the PDF version!

1. 돕다 - to help            ~ 도와요 - I help           ~ 도와 주세요 - Please help me

2. 어렵다 - to be difficult          ~ 어려워요 - it’s difficult          ~ 이 문제 너무 어려워요 - this questions is too difficult

3. 쉽다 - to be easy          ~ 쉬워요 - it’s easy          ~ ���거 너무 쉬워요? - is it too easy?

4. 춥다 - to be cold          ~ 추워요 - it’s cold          ~ 오늘 정말 추워요 - it’s so cold today

5. 덥다 - to be hot          ~ 더워요 - it’s hot          ~ 밖에 많이 더워요? - is it very hot outside?

6. 눕다 - to lie down          ~ 누워요 - I lie down          ~ 이 침대에 누우세요 - lie down on the bed

7. 굽다 - to bake / roast          ~ 구워요 - I bake          ~ 같이 빵 구울래요? - do you want to bake some bread together?

8. 맵다 - to be spicy          ~ 매워요 - it’s spicy          ~ 매워서 못 먹겠어요 - I can’t eat it because it’s spicy

9. 아름답다 - to be beautiful          ~ 아름다워요 - it’s beautiful          ~ 와! 꽃이 정말 아름다워요 - wow! the flowers are so beautiful

10. 귀엽다 - to be cute          ~ 귀여워요 - it’s cute          ~ 아기가 정말 귀여워요! - the baby is so cute!

11. 고르다 - to choose          ~ 골라요 - I choose          ~ 하나만 골라요 - just choose one

12. 다르다 - to be different          ~ 달라요 - it’s different          ~ 그 두 사람은 정말 달라요 - those two people are really different

13. 모르다 - to not know          ~ 몰라요 - I don’t know          ~ 누가 했는지 저는 몰라요 - I don’t know who did it

14. 빠르다 - to be fast          ~ 빨라요 - it’s fast          ~ 비행기가 가장 빨라요 - airplanes are the fastest

15. 자르다 - to cut          ~ 잘라요 - I cut          ~ 이거 좀 잘라 주세요 - please cut this

16. 기르다 - to grow          ~ 길러요 - I grow          ~ 저는 허브를 길러요 - I grow herbs

17. 게으르다 - to be lazy          ~ 게을러요 - I’m lazy          ~ 제 남동생은 너무 게을러요 - my little brother is very lazy

18. 노르다 - to press          ~ 놀러요 - I press          ~ 이 버튼을 누르세요 - press this button

19. 듣다 - to listen          ~ 들어요 - I listen          ~ 제 말 좀 들어 보세요 - please listen to me

20. 걷다 - to walk          ~ 걸어요 - I walk          ~ 저는 학교에 걸어가요 - I walk to school

21. 묻다 - to ask          ~ 물어요 - I ask          ~ 무엇이든지 물어보세요 - please ask me anything

22. 싣다 - to load          ~ 실어요 - I load          ~ 짐 다 실었어요 - did you finish loading the luggage?

23. 낫다 - to recover / get well          ~ 나아요 - I get well          ~ 푹 쉬고 얼른 나아요 - Get lots of rest and get well soon

24. 잇다 - to connect          ~ 이어요 - I connect           ~ 이 두 점을 이어요 - connect these two dots

25. 짓다 - to build          ~ 지어요 - I build          ~ 이 집은 제가 직접 지었어요 - I built this how by myself

26. 붓다 - to pour           ~ 부어요 - I pour          ~ 이제 물을 한 컵 부어요 - now, pour a cup of water

27. 긋다 - to draw (a line)          ~ 그어요 - I draw (a line)          ~ 여기에 선을 그어 부세요 - try drawing a line here

28. 파랗다 - to be blue          ~ 파래요 - it’s blue          ~ 하늘이 정말 파래요 - the sky is really blue

29. 까맣다 - to be black          ~ 까매요 - it’s black          ~ 옷 색깔이 다 까매요 - the clothes are all black

30. 이���다 - to be like this          ~ 이래요 - it’s like this          ~ 항상 이래요 - it’s always like this!

part 1

Happy Learning :)

~ SK101

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I’m ______ing — -고 있다, -아/어 있다, -는 중이다

ㅈIn English, we use the progressive tense very commonly, and it’s just as useful in Korean. The progressive tense is used any time you want to indicate that an action or state is ongoing. For example:

I’m going to the store.

He is eating an apple.

Of course, it can be used in more than just the present tense. We also have past progressive:

I was doing my homework.

He was reading a book.

And we have future progressive as well:

I will be cooking dinner.

They will be taking a test.

So how do we make these kinds of sentences in Korean? There are a few simple ways.

Simple present tense

Unlike in English, simple present tense in Korean can sometimes be read with a progressive meaning. Simply conjugate your verb in whatever formality level you see fit in the present tense, and you’re done! For example:

A: 뭐 해? (What are you doing?)

B: 난 학교에 가. (I’m going to school.)

In this short dialogue, we have two verbs conjugated in low-formality 해체/반말 in the simple present tense, but we can read them as progressive.

A: 뭘 먹어요? (What are you eating?)

B: 사과를 먹어요. (I’m eating an apple.)

Again, we have simple present tense, but in mid-formality 해요체.

Simple present tense as progressive is commonly used when, as seen above, someone asks what someone else is doing.

-고 있다

-고 있다 is the most commonly used way to form progressive sentences to indicate that an action is ongoing. Simply add -고 있다 to the root of the verb and conjugate 있다 as normal. 

PAST: 

그림을 그리고 있었어요. (I was drawing a picture.)

수빈이는 뭘 읽고 있었어요? (What was Subin reading?)

PRESENT:

아기는 울고 있어요. (The baby is crying.)

세원 씨는 일하고 있어요? (Is Sewon working?)

FUTURE:

다음 주 이 때쯤 전 부산으로 운전하고 있을 거예요. (This time next week, I will be driving to Busan.)

수원 씨는 2년 후에 선생님으로 일하고 있을 거예요. (In two years, Suwon will be working as a teacher.)

-아/어 있다

-아/어 있다 is used to indicate that a state is ongoing. Rather than someone or something actively doing something, that person or thing is continuously existing in a particular state.  

PAST

맨 뒷자리에 앉아 있었어요. (I was sitting in the far back seat.)

한 시간 안에 소주 5병을 다 마셔버린 수훈 씨는 밤 내내 엄청 취해 있었어요. (Suhun, who had drunk five bottles of soju within an hour, was extremely drunk all night.

PRESENT

친구는 거기서 서 있어요. (My friend is standing there.)

이웃사람이 이사가서 저 집은 비어 있어요. (My neighbors moved, so that house is empty.)

FUTURE

성수기니까 호텔들이 다 가득 차 있을 거예요. (Because it’s peak season, all the hotels will be packed full.)

10월말까지 저 산촌은 눈으로 덮여 있을 거예요. (That mountain village will be covered by snow by the end of October.)

-는 중이다

This grammatical form literally means “to be in the middle of” something. Simply attach it to the root of your action verb of choice!

PAST

어머니께서 전화하셨을 때 저는 청소하는 중이었어요. (When mother called, I was in the middle of cleaning.)

승진 씨가 저한테 숙제 좀 도와달라고 부탁했는데 저는 이미 다른 친구 만나러 가는 중이었어요. (Seungjin asked me for help with homework, but I was already on my way to meet another friend.)

PRESENT

저는 집에 가는 중이에요. (I am going home [I am in the middle of going home].)

수빈 씨는 숙제를 하는 중이에요. (Subin is in the middle of doing her homework.)

FUTURE

11시니 찬웅이는 오는 중일 거야. (It’s 11, so Chanwoong will be [in the middle of] coming.)

그때쯤 그 사람은 점심을 먹는 중일 거예요. (About that time, that person will be eating lunch.)

As always, thanks for reading, and happy studying~

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Useful Adverbs

Manner:

매우- very

아주- very

혼자- alone

함께- together

상당히- quite

진짜로- really

실제로- really

빨리- quickly

제대로- well

잘- well

열심히- hard

천천히- slowly

신중하게- carefully

거의- hardly

간신히- barely

가까스로- barely

주로- mostly

전적으로- absolutely

Time:

오늘- today

어제- yesterday

내일- tomorrow

매일- everyday

지금- now

그때- then

나중에- later

후에- later

바로- immediately

즉시- immediately

곧- soon

이미- already

최근에- recently

요즘- recently, these days, lately

아직(도)- still, yet

전에- ago

다음- next

지난- last

Frequency:

절대- never

드물게- rarely

가끔- sometimes

보통- usually

대개- usually

항상- always

늘- always

자주- frequently

흔히- frequently

Place:

여기- here

저기- there, over there

거기- there

저쪽에- over there

모든곳- everywhere

어디나- everywhere

어디든- anywhere

아무데나- anywhere

아무데도- nowhere

어디에도- nowhere

떨어져- away

바깥에- out (out there)

–Ana

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Conjunctions in Korean

사실 - Actually

그리고 - And, And then

왜냐하면 - Because

때문에 - Because of

그래도 - But still, Nonetheless, However

그런데 - By the way, So, But

하지만 - However, But

만약 - If, In case

그러면 - In that case, If so, Then

그렇지만 - One the other hand, However

아니면 - Or

그래서 - So, Therefore

그럼 - Then, Sure

그러니까 - Therefore, So

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Charts: Giving Commands

안녕! Hi everyone! I’m back with some more charts! These are going to show you how to give commands in Korean! I have some full-length lessons about this below, so you should check those out if you want to see some more examples and stuff!:

Level 1 / Lesson 6: -(으)세요 (Giving Commands / Asking Questions)

Level 2 / Lesson 5: Negative Commands

Here are the charts!

I hope these help y’all out! Let me know if you have any questions as always :)

If you want to practice writing and reading Korean with others, join my Discord chat here and my Tumblr chat here!

Want to expand your Korean vocabulary and get closer to fluency? Get Drops Premium using my affiliate link!

If you would like to donate and support my studies, check out my Ko-Fi! Thank you for your generosity! See you next time! 다음에 봐요!

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korean adverbs that don’t really translate

adverbs are words that come before a verb and describe the manner/time/frequency/place in which the verb is done. this is true for both korean and english. 

the examples below are known as ‘adverbials’ - just like adverbs, except they are taken from existing verbs that then have -게 added to them. there are a few of these manner-describing adverbials in korean that don’t have direct equivalents in english, but they are really common so it’s good to know what they convey.

편하게 친구랑 만났어

direct translation - I met my friend comfortably

conveyed meaning - the speaker met with a friend in an easy manner, without hassle, they feel comfortable when meeting, a lowkey or chilled meeting.

맛있게 먹어요!

direct translation - eat deliciously!

conveyed meaning -  the speaker is telling the listener to eat with a good appetite, to enjoy their meal fully.

재미있게 봐줘서 고마워 

direct translation - thanks for watching enjoyably

conveyed meaning - the speaker is thanking the listener for enjoying something they watched. this is used a lot by idols on social media, like they acknowledge that their fans had fun watching their performance.

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hello! I'm going to Korea soon and I look very obviously like a lesbian, I've read your post on LGBT language but I was wondering if you knew if there were any slurs i should look out for? I'm really worried someone will try and teach me a word for myself that is actually a slur lol

Hi! First of all - SUPER EXCITING! Where abouts would you be staying? Because that also matters. In my shoulders post, I talked about the different cultural standards in Korea depending on where you go. Of course, I’m not comparing the LGBTQ+ community to shoulders, that would be ridiculous - they do, however, share similar taboos in that it’s ‘scandalous’. In short, if you’re in a big city; it might be more widely accepted. Whereas, if you in a smaller city / village it might be seen negatively. 

To answer your question, a lot of the slang or slurs that you’re looking for aren’t generally used by the public (unless the person is reallllllyyyyyyy old). In my post, I do talk about how there’s a different word for transgender - one being ‘sex change patient’, which can be rude depending on the person. Someone might use that language to you. 

Now, I will caution, this vocabulary is for EDUCATIONAL purposes only. I do not support the ill use of the list I am about to give, please do not use in a negative context. I have compiled this list with the help of my Korean friends and other resources. If you find a mistake, tell me. If you’d like to add to the list, comment in the reply section:

일반 - straight이반 - lgbtq+부치 - butch페므 - femme성소수자** / 퀴어 - queer           (**sexual minority - not common but may be used as a slur)이쭉 (사람) - commonly used in the gay community to refer to other gay ppl똥꼬충 - I’ve heard this means ‘f*gg*t’, but honestly I don’t know if this is true (do your thing Tumblr, if this is right or wrong tell me)

It’s a very short list, not much to it. Again, please only use these for EDUCATIONAL purposes. A lot of these phrases are used only in the LGBTQ+ community, but still, some can be used negatively. (check out my LQBTQ+ post)

I really hope you have a lovely time in Korea! Hopefully, people won’t give you too much trouble ~ Happy Learning :)

~ SK101

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Hanja — 자성(自省)

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Korean slang — 낙하산

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Korean expression — 해본 말이다

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Korean Grammar — ~에 불과하다

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Word of the day — 타령(하다)

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Dating/Romance Phrases in Korean

사귀다: to date (can also be used on friendly terms)

연애하다: to date (romantically)

남/여자친구: boy/girlfriend

애인: boyfriend or girlfriend

연인: lover

데이트: a date

데이트하다: to go on a date

고백하다: to confess

소개팅: blind date

미팅: mixer/group date

애정표현: expression of affection

스킨십: skinship (physical contact)

커플: couple

커플룩: couple look (matching clothing, accessories, hair, etc.)

약혼: engagement

결혼하다: to marry

뽀뽀: peck

키스: kiss (Koreans say “kiss” for anything more than just a peck. To us, there is a difference.)

짝사랑: crush

썸을 타다: to have a thing with

보고 싶어: I miss you/ I want to see you

좋아해: I like you

사랑해: I love you

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hi, are formal polite style and honorific expression two different things? i read in a book that formal polite style for 가다 is 갑니다 while the honorific expression is 가십니다 also what about 갑시다?

(I got another ask from the same Anon saying to disregard the 갑시다)

Hi! Technically yes, polite and honorific speech are two different things. I wouldn’t worry too much about which is referred to as “polite” and which are referred to as “honorific” or “formal” and stuff. Rather, it’s more useful to know the level of politeness each form holds, if that makes sense.

There are a lot of different levels of formality, but some are more common than others. I’ll give you a breakdown of the most common ones from most to least formal!

1. Very Formal

If you add -ㅂ니다 / -습니다 to a verb or adjective stem, it becomes the declarative form (just basic present tense). For example: 

만나서 반갑습니다 = It’s nice to meet you

If you add -(으)십시오 to a stem, it becomes a very formal command. For example:

여기 앉으십시오 = Please sit here

As you mentioned, adding -십니다 is also very formal and is another way to make an imperative sentence. From what I know, however, this form is less common and I rarely ever see it being used. I would say to only use it in very very formal contexts!

2. Formal (more common)

This is probably the form you’ll hear the most. It’s used for talking to people you just met and people like coworkers and such. It’s also used for people older than you (although again, if that person is an elder, you should probably use the first form).

Simply add -아/어/여요 to make a declarative sentence:

저는 학교에 가요 = I go to school

Technically the sentence without the 저는, which means “I,” could either mean “I go to school” pr “go to school” as a command. But generally I would say be safe and don’t use a sentence like this as a command. Rather, use the following:

Add -(으)세요 to make an imperative sentence:

학교에 가세요 = Please go to school

3. Informal

Informal sentences should be used when talking to someone who is the same age as you and who you’re comfortable with. 

Add -아/어/여  to make a declarative OR imperative sentence -- it will generally be understood which you’re saying:

나는 학교에 가 = I go to school (나 is the informal way to say “I”) 

학교에 가 = Go to school

That was just a quick breakdown and I hope I answered your question! I would highly recommend checking out the following lessons for more in-depth info! 

Present Tense Conjugations and Formal Language

Honorifics and Casual Language 

Giving Commands / Asking Questions 

Negative Commands 

 -시 

Of course there are so many ways to give commands, but those are the essentials! As you progress in your studies, you’ll learn even more ways! 화이팅!

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Lesson #14: Native Korean Numbers:

So this lesson has a bit of background that may confuse you.

Korean has TWO number systems, yes, two. And they have different uses!

They are the Native Korean Number system and the Sino-Korean Number system.

Today we are focusing on the Native Korean Numbers and there uses!

하나 - one (ha-na)

둘 - two (dool)

셋 - three (set ’t’ has a muted sound)

넷 - four (net ’t’ has a muted sound)

다섯 - five (da-seot ’t’ has a muted sound)

여섯 - six (yeo-seot ’t’ has a muted sound)

일곱 - seven (il-gob ‘b’ has muted sound)

여젋 - eight (yeo-deol)

아홉 - nine (a-hop ‘p’ has muted sound)

열 - ten (yeol)

스물 - twenty (seu-mool)

서른 - thirty (seo-reun)

마흔 - forty (ma-heun)

쉰 - fifty (swin)

예순 - sixty (ye-soon)

일흔 - seventy (il-heun)

여든 - eighty (yeo-deun)

아흔 - ninety (a-heun)

To make 11-19: 열 + 1-9

Example: 열 + 하나 = 열하나 =11

To make tens: 20-90 + 1-9

Example: 예순 + 셋 = 예순셋 = 63

No I’ll tell you what we use Native Korean Numbers to count:

1) Telling time - hours

2) Counting months, years, weeks

4) Counting people/objects

5) Age

6) Times you did something

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Thought I would make this really simple, so you can just use this as a reference after you have already learned the particles. There are more particles than this but I feel like these are the most used ones :) 

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High Frequency Vocabulary List (A): 가

Reference:  - 명 (명사): noun - 형 (형용사): adjective - 부 (부사): adverb - 동 (동사): verb - 보 (보조 동사): auxiliary verb - 의 (의존명사): bound noun  - 대 (대명사): pronoun - A: easy - B: medium - C: hard

가:

1. 가게 (명): shop, store 예) 골동품 가게 (antique store)

2. 가깝다 (형): near; close (to); adjacent 예)

가까운 위치 (near location)

가까운 사이 (near space)

3. 가끔 (부): sometimes 예) 가끔 가다 (to go sometimes)

4. 가다 (동): to go, travel 예) 가게에 가다 (go to the shop)

5. 가다 (보): to become, turn 예) 가을 밤이 깊어 가고 있다 (the autumn night is getting deeper)

6. 가르치다 (동): to teach, instruct 예)

교과목을 가르치다 (to teach a subject)

가: 오늘은 학교에서 월 배웠니? 나: 선생님께서 덧셈을 가르쳐 주셨어요

7. 가방 (명): bag 예) 가족 가방 notes: ~을 메다 (to carry on your shoulder)

8. 가볍다 (형): light (weight); insignificant 예)

가벼운 가방

가벼운 문제 (a light question)

9. 가수 (명): singer 예) 대중 가수 한자 (hanja): 歌手

10. 가슴 (명) chest; front; heart; lungs; feelings; breast, bust 예) 가슴이 넓다 (large chest)

11. 가운데 (명): center, middle 예) 강 가운데 (the middle of the river)

12. 가을 (명): autumn, fall 예) 그해 가을

13. 가장 (부): best 예) 적도 지방은 지구에서 가장 더운 곳이다 (Equatorial regions are the hottest places on Earth)

14. 가져오다 (동): to bring, cause 예)

돈을 가져오다 (to bring money)

갈등을 가져오다 (to bring coflict)

15. 가족 (명): family 예) 온 가족 (the whole family) 한자 (hanja): 家族

16. 가지다 (동): to have, hold; possess, own, keep 예)

가진 땅 (to own land)

국적을 가지다 (to have nationality)

17. 가지다 (보): auxiliaty verb used: 1) to indicate the continuation of a result, or the state of an action i the preceding statement 2) when the action of state of the preceding statement is a cause, reason of the following statement 예) 형은 서랍에서 책을 꺼내 가지고 나에게 주었다 (my -older- brother took the book out of the drawer and gave it to me)

18. 간호사 (명): nurse 예) 저는 간호사입니다 (I am a nurse) 한자 (hanja): 看護師

19. 갈비 (명): ribs 예) 양념 갈비 (seasoned ribs)

20. 감기 (명): cold (illness) 예) 바이러스성 감기 (cold caused by virus) 한자: 感氣

21. 감사 (명): gratitude, appreciation, thanks 예) 깊은 감사 (deep gratitude) 한자: 感謝

22. 감사하다 (형): to be thankful, grateful 예) 감사한 말씀 (thankful words) 한자: 感謝-

23. 감사하다 (동): to feel thankgul for something 한자: 感謝-

24. 갑자기 (부): suddenly, all of a sudden 예) 갑자기 더워지다 (to be suddenly hot -temperature-)

25. 값 (명): price, payment 예)

값이 내리다 (decrease in price)

값을 계산하다 (calculate price)

26. 강 (명): river 한자: 江

27. 같아 (형): to be the same, identical; equal; similar; like 예) 같은 건물 (the same building)

28. 같이 (부): together; with 예) 가족과 같이 살다 (to live with your family)

Happy learning! ^^