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all-data-by-jacob-public · 3 years ago

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direct deposit payroll small business

https://www.business.com/articles/direct-deposit-services-small-business/

Learn about the pros and cons of using direct deposit payroll services.

We’ve come a long way since paper paychecks. Thanks to direct deposit, your employees no longer need to head straight to the bank on payday.

While direct deposit is a safer, cheaper, greener, and often more efficient way of paying employees, it’s not without the occasional problem. Because of how important it is to pay your employees accurately and on time, small business owners must understand how direct deposit works and whether it’s right for their businesses.

What is direct deposit?

Direct deposit is the electronic form of a paycheck. It’s an electronic transfer of funds from an employer’s business bank account to an employee’s account at a bank or credit union. It’s also known as an automated clearinghouse (ACH) transaction. This process requires the employee’s bank account number, routing number, type of account, bank name and address, and the names of the account holders.

Direct deposit isn’t just for paying wages. “It is also used for tax refunds, retirement benefits, expense reimbursements, investment distributions and insurance claim payments,” said Heather McElrath, senior director of communications at the National Automated Clearing House Association (Nacha).

What is Nacha?

Nacha is the National Automated Clearing House Association, also known as the Electronic Payments Association. This nonprofit manages the ACH Network, which processes and moves trillions of dollars every year. For example, the ACH Network moved 26.8 billion payments, valued at $61.9 trillion, in 2020. These transactions included direct deposit, Social Security, government benefits, electronic bill payments, and person-to-person and business-to-business payments.

The ACH Network creates the grid for all American financial institutions to safely transfer money from one bank account to another. Nacha is not a government agency, but it works directly with the Federal Reserve, state banking authorities and the Treasury Department. Nacha has its own rules and code of ethics that ensure business is conducted fairly and with as little risk as possible.

How to set up direct deposit

A small business owner can set up direct deposit in five basic steps. Ultimately, the process will run through a payroll provider or bank, which brings us to the first step.

1. Choose a direct deposit payroll provider.

You will need to set up payroll services. When shopping around for the best online payroll solution, pay close attention to the services offered, the fees and several other components of direct deposit management. You can always start by inquiring with your existing bank. They likely manage direct deposit, and their terms and fees can give you a baseline when you compare your options.

FYI: There are various top payroll providers to choose from. You can learn about some of the best options in our review of Paychex, our Gusto review and our QuickBooks Payroll review.

2. Review federal and state laws on direct deposit.

Before implementing direct deposit for your business, take into account federal and state laws regarding the process. The complete rules regarding electronic funds transfer payroll payments can be found in the Electronic Fund Transfer Act (part of the Comptroller’s Handbook). These are a few of the federal law highlights:

An employer has the responsibility to provide each employee with consent and direct deposit authorization forms.

An employer must collect the employee’s bank information, including bank name, account type, and routing and account numbers. The employee’s signature must be completed on the above forms.

Although the employer may require the employee to accept direct deposit (depending on the case and state), the employee can choose the financial institution to receive said payments.

States are allowed to impose additional requirements for direct deposit. While some states require employers to follow federal laws only, most states have supplementary stipulations.

Eight states have no requirements other than abiding by federal laws:

Alabama

Georgia

Hawaii

Louisiana

Massachusetts

Mississippi

Nebraska

Ohio

Nine states give employers the right to require employees to use direct deposit (according to federal law):

Indiana

Kansas

Minnesota

Missouri

South Carolina

Texas

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

Twenty-one states require an authorization form to be completed by employees before the employer can pay them via direct deposit:

Alaska

California

Connecticut

Colorado

Delaware

Florida

Idaho

Illinois

Iowa

Maryland

Montana

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Oklahoma

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

Vermont

Wyoming

Did you know? In Arizona, employees can agree to receive their paycheck in a payroll card or debit card format. Arkansas gives employees the ability to opt out of direct deposit through a written statement. In Utah, employers are required to use direct deposit exclusively if $250,000 or more is paid in state payroll taxes or if at least two-thirds of their employees have an interest in direct deposit.

3. Collect information from your employees.

Once you have a direct deposit provider, you will need information from your employees to process the payments. Each service will provide you with their direct deposit forms, but some information will prove universal. Make sure that every employee can safely and reliably provide the following information.

Bank information: The employee should provide the name and address of their bank, as well as list the account holder’s name for the account they want to use for direct deposit.

Key numbers: Three numbers are necessary to set up direct deposit. These are the employee’s bank account number (checking or savings), routing number (also known as an ABA number) and Social Security number. The account number is obvious; it tells the provider where to deposit funds. The routing number is necessary for a digital transfer, and the Social Security number provides an additional identity check to make sure the money goes to the right person.

Personal information: The employee’s name and address are standard requests; other providers may require more details. This is all for verification to avoid mix-ups and problems with deposit delivery.

Consent and authorization: The provider will need to cover the legal basis and assure that the employee understands the agreement and is entering into it willingly.

Editor’s note: Need a payroll service for your business? Fill out the below questionnaire to have our vendor partners contact you with free information.

4. Add employees to the payroll system.

Before you were using direct deposit, you still had a payroll system. The new method requires a system update. You will be running your payroll through the new provider, which will require an exchange of information. It may take a little time to set up, but it should prove easier to manage once you have everyone in the new system. Automation can help you stay ahead of payroll and have everything processed quickly, easily and consistently.

For many small businesses, the transition to direct deposit does not happen all at once. Some employees may opt out for any number of reasons. You may find yourself using a hybrid payroll system – at least for a while. The good news is that the automation available with direct deposit can make a hybrid system ultimately easier to use than writing out checks for every employee.

Did you know? Using an online payroll solution doesn’t have to hurt your bottom line. There are multiple cheap payroll services you can use. Just make sure to choose one that offers all of the features and tools you need.

5. Select your deposit schedule.

Once your provider has all of the necessary information and reviews your orders, they will handle the actual process of depositing the checks, so you will need to pick a deposit schedule. There are a couple of things to consider when selecting the schedule.

The first is your own financial schedule. Funds need to be liquid and available for transfer in your business account before paychecks can be distributed. Make sure you pick a payment schedule that works with your expected cash flow.

The second consideration is payment time. Employees depend on those checks, and they need to be received in a timely fashion. When the ACH distributes funds to employees’ banks, the process is not instantaneous, despite being digital. On average, it takes two business days for the money to go from your business account to your employees’ accounts. Depending on the banks involved, downtime will be expanded in the case of holidays.

Direct deposit services for small business

In the years after World War II, 28 million checks were written daily, according to a study in James McKenney’s Waves of Change: Business Evolution Through Information Technology. Today, nearly 93% of American workers are paid by direct deposit, which includes both small and large businesses, according to a 2018 American Payroll Association survey. Like many technological advancements, direct deposit has pushed out its paper predecessor.

“Whether you are a 10-person operation or smaller, or a business of more than 100 employees, you can gain from direct deposit’s advantages,” McElrath said. Direct deposit gives you more control over your finances and provides you with up-to-date electronic records of your payments. This electronic record helps clear up any confusion about your payroll deposit and provides a point of reference.

Pros of direct deposit

Direct deposit has a lot to offer in terms of speed and efficiency, proving to be a win-win for both you and your employees. Here are some of the benefits of using direct deposit.

It saves your business money.

Direct deposit, like most online innovations, has a lot to offer. It helps businesses save a lot of money by eliminating manual check preparation. Since there is no need for postage and mailing supplies, it saves business owners about $3 per paper check.

Direct deposit can also be used to pay Social Security benefits. In 2013, the Social Security Administration mandated beneficiaries collect their payments electronically. Child support payments and tax refunds can also be sent using this method. To receive your tax refund this way, inform your tax preparer. If you want to save some of your tax refund, you can disburse funds into several different accounts – you only need to provide your bank account information.

It saves your business time.

Saving money is always a bonus, but saving time is also a welcome win. With direct deposit, you no longer spend time printing and mailing paper paychecks, and you no longer need to wait for all of your employees to cash their checks. It also saves employees time since they no longer need to wait in line at the bank to cash or deposit their paychecks.

It’s more secure than paper.

Direct deposit has a significant security advantage over paper checks, which can be lost, stolen or counterfeited. According to a Nacha survey, 83% of employees perceive direct deposit as more secure. In a survey on payment fraud by the Association for Financial Professionals, researchers found that checks are the most vulnerable method to fraud.

It supports employees’ financial health.

Direct deposit allows you to help your employees automatically direct part of their paychecks into their savings accounts.

“With split deposit, employees can direct a fixed amount or percentage of their pay into a savings or investment account to help build savings,” McElrath said. “As the single biggest influence on employees’ use of direct deposit, businesses can play a key role in supporting employee financial health.”

Most financial institutions offer free checking when employees use direct deposit, which saves on banking fees, according to Kristin Walle, senior vice president of global payments and compliance at ADP.

It’s good for the environment.

Our environment is precious, and when we say direct deposit is greener, we mean it. A 10-person small business that pays employees twice a month uses 10.7 pounds of greenhouse gases each year – the equivalent of driving almost 40 miles in your car.

If the same small business switched to direct deposit instead of printing paper checks, it would save 3.7 pounds of paper, 35.7 gallons of wastewater from being drained into natural bodies of water, 1.4 gallons of gas, and 4.3 pounds of solid waste, according to Wagepoint.

Can you imagine the impact on the environment if big corporations like Amazon or Microsoft used only paper checks?

Bottom line: Direct deposit saves time, money, and paper and is better for the environment.

Cons of direct deposit

There are some drawbacks of using direct deposit that you’ll want to consider, both for employers and employees.

It’s time-sensitive.

Direct deposit is a time-sensitive process, and it’s easy to overlook deadlines when you’re particularly busy. If you don’t collect all of your employees’ time and attendance sheets and process payroll by a certain time, the money won’t transfer into your employees’ accounts on time. Late checks can lead to disgruntled employees, and if you want to speed up the process, it will cost you extra.

There are potential security risks.

Because you need your employees’ bank routing and account information to set up direct deposit, you need strong security measures in place to protect this sensitive information.

Changing banks means starting over.

Changing banks can also be an inconvenience because it means changing direct deposit information, so all of your employees will need to submit new authorization forms.

There’s no ‘stop payment’ option.

Although it’s convenient to use direct deposit for payments, you can’t stop the payment like you can with a paper check, which might be an issue if you make a mistake.

You could incur overdraft fees.

If you don’t have enough money in your account when funds for payroll are withdrawn, it will put you in the negative and you’ll incur overdraft fees, which can be both inconvenient and expensive.

How much does it cost to set up direct deposit for my employees?

Direct deposit may seem to be all about saving time and money, but you can be hit with service fees that range from $50 to $149. Banks may also charge employers each time money is transferred from their account to an employee’s. Individual deposit fees can range from $1.50 to $1.90 per transfer.

Contact your financial institution or payroll services provider to find out exactly how much it costs to set up and maintain direct deposit. The financial institution or payment processor pays a fee to use the ACH Network, but Nacha does not track fees that a business may incur, according to McElrath.

“Generally, [the] cost to use direct deposit [is] low,” she said. “Most companies would save money using direct deposit compared to other payment methods, and any startup costs would be recouped in savings and increased productivity.”

FYI: Direct deposit can save businesses money, but there are potential service fees and transfer fees from banks.

What time do payroll direct deposits post?

According to Walle, direct deposit fund posting is governed by Nacha’s rules, which all financial institutions abide by. “As a result, the funds are available by 9 a.m. local time at the receiving depository institution on the settlement day. Many financial institutions ‘memo-post’ incoming transactions, so employees may see a pending transaction prior to funds being available.”

Most American employees who use direct deposit are paid at the opening of business on the Friday of payday. If your business doesn’t have set paydays, you can use direct deposit to pay employees promptly using same-day ACH. The payment would post by 5 p.m. on the day the payments are made, McElrath said.

Can you pay contractors using direct deposit?

Businesses can pay independent contractors using direct deposit the same way they pay traditional employees – contractors need to fill out the direct deposit form. “While there may be differences in the specifics of how a contractor is administered in a payroll system, the money-movement mechanics are the same,” Walle said.

The difference is that contracted workers are not required to fill out a W-2 form during their payroll process like traditional employees. Instead, they fill out W-9 forms, and you provide a 1099 form if you pay them $600 or more per year.

Julie Thompson contributed to the writing and reporting in this article. Source interviews were conducted for a previous version of this article.

#direct #deposit #payroll #small business #ach

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all-data-by-jacob-public · 3 years ago

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민주당 공화당 정치 지역 범죄율

https://www.salon.com/2022/03/16/democrats-for--but-new-data-shows-higher-rates-in-red-states/

#민주당 #공화당 #미국정치 #범죄율 #범죄

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all-data-by-jacob-public · 3 years ago

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nft image generator code

https://github.com/HashLips/generative-art-node

기본 적인 사용 방법

https://youtu.be/MJ8r4SSKeQc

약간 수정해야할 부분은 documentation을 확인한다

#nft #image #generate #generator

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all-data-by-jacob-public · 3 years ago

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derma 더마 롤러

#derma #롤러 #더마 #피부 #skin

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all-data-by-jacob-public · 4 years ago

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paris is burning

https://blogs.ildaro.com/3685

미국 흑인 클럽에서 시작된 ‘볼 문화’

‘볼’(Ball)이 바�� 그런 곳이다. 보통 볼이라고 하면 디즈니 영화 속 신데렐라가 요정의 도움을 받아 예쁘게 단장하고 왕자를 만나러 가는 무도회장을 떠올릴지 모른다. 이번에 이야기할 볼은 조금 다른 볼이다. 물론 기본적인 컨셉이 비슷하다고 할 수 있다. 볼에 가는 날을 위해서 의상과 소품을 준비하고 때론 보통 현실에선 입지 않는/못하는 것을 차려입기도 하니까.

간단하게 설명하자면 볼은 ‘드랙’(Drag)을 한 이들이 모델처럼 ‘워킹’을 하고 ‘보깅’(Voguing, 패션 잡지 ‘보그’에서 따온 말로, 모델들이 취하는 포즈를 반복하며 춤을 추는 형태. ‘볼 문화’가 탄생시킨 예술 중 하나)을 추면서 자신을 뽐내는 자리다. 하지만 그게 다는 아니다.

※ 드랙(Drag)이란? 주로 무대 연기의 일환으로, 젠더 범주의 대단히 과장된 표현에 일시적으로 참여하는 것을 일컫는다. 그 젠더 범주는 한 사람이 통상적으로 점하는 젠더 범주와는 흔히 다르지만, 항상 다르지는 않다. <페미니즘을 퀴어링!>(미미 마리누치 지음, 권유경·김은주 옮김, 봄알람) 참조

1980년대 미국 뉴욕에서 가장 열정적인 볼 문화를 만들어 낸 이들을 조명한 다큐멘터리 영화 <파리 이즈 버닝>(Paris is burning, 파리는 불타고 있다, 1990년, 제니 리빙스턴 감독)에서 등장인물들은 볼을 이렇게 설명한다. “현실과 전혀 다른 곳”, “내가 나 자신일 수 있고 편안해질 수 있는 곳”, “명예와 돈, 인기를 얻고 조명받는 일에 가장 가까워질 수 있는 공간.”

그런데 왜 이들은 현실 세계에서 명예와 돈, 인기를 얻고자 ‘노오력’하지 않고 굳이 볼에서 그것과 가장 가까워질 수 있는 ‘가짜현실’을 만들어 대리만족하는 일에 매달렸을까? 그 의문을 풀기 위해선 ‘누가, 왜’ 볼에 왔는지 살펴보는 것이 중요하다.

볼은 1869년 뉴욕 빈민가 할렘에서 최초로 시작되었다. 흑인들이 모이는 클럽에서 남성이 여성 복장을 하고 여성이 남성 복장을 하고 놀면서 가장 멋있는 복장을 한 사람에게 트로피도 주며 노는, 퀴어(queer)들을 위한 행사였다. 사회에서 가시화되지 못하고 억압받는 퀴어들이 모일 수 있는 장소였으니, 점점 더 많은 이들이 모여든 건 필��적인 결과였다. 또한 볼이 열렸던 흑인 클럽들은 상대적으로 입장료가 저렴한 편이어서 더 많은 사람이 참여할 수 있었다.

볼은 ‘할렘 르네상스’(Harlem Renaissance, 1920년~1930년대 할렘 지역에서 음악, 미술, 시 등의 흑인 예술이 크게 부흥한 시기)와 함께 성장했다. 1936년엔 약 8천 명이 모일 정도로 규모가 커졌다.

<파리 이즈 버닝> 중 ©Jennie Livingston/Janus Films

하지만 볼이 인기를 얻고 백인들의 참여가 늘어나면서, 행사가 백인들 기준에서 좌지우지되기 시작했다. 볼은 백인 중산층 게이들의 패션쇼로 변모해갔다. 흑인 참가자들이 트로피를 받기 위해선 최대한 백인에 가깝게, 그러니까 피부를 좀 더 밝게 화장을 해야 했다.

흥미롭게도 <파리 이즈 버닝>은 1987년 뉴욕의 풍경 중 ‘백인 우월주의(White Supremacist) 교회 전국대회 시작’이라는 안내 광고가 나오는 걸 보여 주며 시작한다. 사회가 여전히 백인 중심이라는 걸 보여 주는 의미심장한 메시지다.

갈 수 있고 놀 수 있는 곳이 많지 않았던 이들을 위한 볼이 점점 변해가자 흑인 퀴어들은 1960년대 들어, 다시 흑인과 비(非)백인들을 위한 볼을 만들기 시작했다. 그렇게 성 정체성, 인종, 계급 정체성에서 밀려나고 또 밀려난 이들이 만든 것이 바로 1970~1980년대를 뜨겁게 달궜으며 여러 예술 장르와 예술인들에게 영향을 끼친 ‘볼 문화’다

그러니까 볼은 ‘가짜현실’이 아니라 현실에서 노력을 거듭한 이들이 그럼에도 다다를 수 없었던 세계를 스스로 구현해낸 ‘또 다른 세계’라고 할 수 있다.

‘흑인 귀족’ ‘트랜스 여성’ 등 사회가 인정하지 않는 정체성

볼에선 자기 자신을 마음껏 뽐낼 수 있었고 또 다른 누군가가 되는 기분을 만끽할 수 있었다. 볼에 참가한 이들의 그런 꿈들을 구현한 건 ‘카테고리’(Category)다. 볼은 매번 다양한 카테고리를 마련해 다양한 이들의 참여를 이끌었다.

주요 카테고리는 트랜스젠더 여성(femme queen)이 시스젠더 여성 속에 섞였을 때 얼마나 ‘티 나지’ 않고 ‘리얼할 수 있을지’(Realness)를 경연하는 것, 남성 동성애자(butch queen)가 이성애자 남성 속에 섞였을 때 얼마나 ‘티 나지’ 않고 ‘리얼할 수 있을지’(Realness)를 경연하는 것을 꼽을 수 있다. 이 카테고리를 통해 참가자들은 현실 사회가 ‘인정’하지 않는 자신의 섹슈얼리티를 드러내는 건 물론이고, 전통적 ‘여성성/남성성’은 사실 타고나는 게 아니라 그저 수행하는 역할에 불과하다는 걸 보여주었다.

인종이나 계급을 뒤집어 노는 카테고리도 있었다. 당시 흑인들이 될 수 없었던 ‘대기업 간부’나 화려한 옷과 액세서리로 온몸을 감�� ‘귀족’, 혹은 책을 들고 캠퍼스를 걷는 ‘대학생’을 기깔나게 재현할 수도 있었다.

▲ TV 드라마 시리즈 <포즈> 중에서. ©FX

참가자들은 자신의 모든 걸 털더라도 단지 백일몽에 불과한 볼에 열정을 쏟아부었다. 그들 중 많은 이들이 내일을 보장받을 수 없는 불안한 삶을 살고 있었던 탓이기도 하다. 당시 게이 커뮤니티는 AIDS의 공포에 떨어야 했고, 트랜스젠더 여성들은 직업을 구할 수 없어 성매매에 내몰렸으며 쉽게 죽임을 당했다. 그리고 그 죽음은 경찰, 사회, 국가로부터 외면당하기 일쑤였다.

분명 볼은 현실과 달랐다. 하지만 마치 ‘도장 깨기’처럼 도전할 수 있는 카테고리는, 참여자들에게 어떤 꿈으로 향해 가는 계단처럼 느껴지지 않았을까.

각자 자신이 원하는 대로 만든 대안가족, ‘하우스’

볼에 모인 사람들은 가진 게 없었고 외로운 사람들이었지만 볼을 통해 자신들만의 커뮤니티를 만들어냈다. 그 안에서 탄생한 게, 볼 문화의 기본이며 절대 빠질 수 없는 뼈대라고 할 수 있는 ‘하우스’다.

크리스탈 라베이자(Crystal LaBeija)가 처음 만들었다고 알려진 ‘하우스’는 일종의 대안 가족이다. 볼 문화 안에서 많은 하우스들이 탄생했으며 이들은 ‘하우스 오브 OOO’으로 불렸다. 예를 들어 크리스탈 라베이자가 만든 하우스는 ‘하우스 오브 라베이자’라고 하는 방식이다.

하우스가 왜 생겼는지는 앞서 언급한 당시의 사회적 환경과 볼을 둘러싼 역사적 맥락을 살펴보면 쉽게 유추할 수 있다. 당시 하우스를 이룬 구성원들은 트랜스젠더 여성(femme queen), 남성 동성애자(butch queen), 트랜스젠더 남성(butches), 퀴어 여성(women)으로 분류된 이들이었다. 아직 퀴어 인권이 전혀 보장되지 않았던 시절(스톤월 항쟁이 1969년이었다는 걸 참고)이었고, 비(非)백인들도 사회나 원 가족으로부터 안전을 보장받을 수 없었다.

가족과 커뮤니티에서 버림받거나 쫓겨난 이들은 필사적으로 동료를 찾으려 했다. 먼저 볼을 경험하고 거리 생활을 하며 ‘경험’을 쌓은 이들이 거리로 떠밀린 이들을 끌어안으면서 ‘엄마’ 역할을 자처하며 ‘하우스’가 만들어졌다. ‘엄마’들은 ‘자녀’에게 볼을 알려주고, 볼에서 자신을 표현하고 능력을 펼칠 수 있도록 이끌었다. 그뿐 아니라 볼 밖의 세계인 현실에서 퀴어로서 살아가는 지혜와 팁을 공유했고 서로를 보살폈다.

특히 ‘하우스’에선 ‘엄마’의 역할이 중요했다. ‘엄마’는 명예로운 자리였고 볼에서도 매년 ‘최고의 엄마’를 선정할 만큼 그들을 대우했다. ‘하우스 오브 닌자’의 ‘엄마’로 많은 ‘자녀’에게 춤을 가르치고 그들을 보살핀 윌리 닌자(Willi Ninja, ‘보깅’이 댄스 장르로 정착하는데 가장 큰 역할을 한 인물)는 <파리 이즈 버닝>��서 “하우스에서 ‘엄마’라는 건 가장 ‘여성스러운’ 사람이 되는 게 아니라, 가장 능력 있고 가장 존경받는 사람의 자리”라고 강조한다.

다큐멘터리 <파리 이즈 버닝>의 픽션 버전이라 할 수 있는 TV 드라마 시리즈 <포즈>(Pose, 미국 FX 채널 2018년부터 방영 중)에서도 ‘하우스 오브 이반잴리스타’의 ‘엄마’인 블랑카가 하우스 멤버들이 절대 마약을 할 수 없도록 엄포를 놓는 반면, 댄서의 자질이 보이는 ‘자녀’를 위해 아낌없이 지원하는 등 탁월한 리더의 모습을 보이는 것도 ‘엄마’의 힘이다.

<파리 이즈 버닝> 중 ©Jennie Livingston/Janus Films

‘하우스’ 문화가 아름답기만 한 건 아니었다. 볼은 트로피를 가지기 위해 경연을 하는 곳이었고 ‘하우스’가 늘어날수록 그들끼리 견제하고 ‘디스’(볼 문화에선 쉐이드[Shade]라고 불렸음)하며 경쟁하는 일도 많아졌다. ‘하우스’ 내 권위를 가진 ‘엄마’가 힘을 잘못 행사하는 일도 있었을 것이다. 하지만 그럼에도 ‘하우스’가 당시 그 어디에서도 보호받지 못한 이들을 위한 ‘집’이 되어주었음은 틀림없다.

그래서, 요즘 내가 볼에 꽂힌 건지 모르겠다. 닿을 수 없는 평등한 세상은 좀처럼 가까워지지 않고, 나를 드러낼 수 있는 공간도 오히려 줄어든다고 느껴지니까 더 많은 동료들을 찾고 싶어져서.

볼도 완벽한 공간은 아니었지만, 볼의 역사를 따라가며 간접적으로나마 당시 모습이나 당시를 재현한 이야기들을 접하고 힘이 났다. 자리를 뺏기고 밀려나도, 꿈을 꾸는 이들은 결국 꿈을 꿀 수 있는 공간을 만들어낸다는 것. 그리고 현실보다 더 멋진 세상을 창조해 낸다는 것을 보았기 때문이다. (박주연 기자) 페미니스트 저널 <일다> 바로가기

다큐멘터리 <파리 이즈 버닝>을 만든 제니 리빙스턴

1980년대 후반의 ‘볼’을 쫓으며 당시의 생생한 모습과 많은 사람의 목소리를 담아, 미국 퀴어 문화의 중요한 역사를 기록한 작업물을 만들어낸 제니 리빙스턴 감독. <파리 이즈 버닝>은 1991년 미국 선댄스 영화제에서 상영되고 ‘심사위원 대상’을 받은 후, 크게 주목받았다.

‘드랙’하면 많은 이들이 드랙퀸 경연 프로그램인 <루폴의 드랙 레이스>(RuPaul’s Drag Race, 미국 VH1 2009년부터 방영 중)를 떠올린다. 하지만 <루폴의 드랙 레이스>나 최근의 <포즈>가 나올 수 있었던 건 <파리 이즈 버닝>으로 드랙과 볼 문화가 주목을 받았기 때문이라고 평가하는 사람들 이야기가 허투루 들리지 않는다. 그만큼 이 영화의 영향력이 컸다.

<파리 이즈 버닝> 중 ©Jennie Livingston/Janus Films

예상을 뛰어넘는 성공이었고 현재까지도 회자되는 명작으로 꼽히지만, 사람들이 의외로 잘 모르는 부분이 있다. 이 영화를 만들 당시 20대 후반이었던 레즈비언(외신에 따라서 그를 젠더퀴어 레즈비언, 혹은 레즈비언, 또는 퀴어로 표기하기도 함) 감독이 만들었다는 사실이다.

제니 리빙스턴 감독은 예일��에서 사진 및 미술, 영문학을 공부했으며 1985년 뉴욕으로 이주한 후 AIDS/HIV 차별과 혐오에 반대하는 활동가로 ‘ACT UP’에서도 활동했다. 그가 볼을 알게 된 건, 우연히 공원에서 보깅 댄스를 추던 흑인 남성들과 만나게 되면서였다. 그 후 자연스럽게 볼에 관심을 가지게 되고 카메라를 들고 볼을 찍기 시작했다고 한다. 그렇게 영화가 시작된 거다.

완성된 영화에 대해 호평이 많았지만, 비판이 없었던 건 아니다. 비판은 주로 감독의 시선과 위치에 대한 것이었다. 흑인 레즈비언 페미니스트인 벨 훅스(Bell Hooks)를 비롯한 몇몇 사람들은 백인 중산층 가정에서 자란 엘리트 레즈비언인 감독이, 흑인 커뮤니티 내부가 아니라 바깥의 ‘백인 시선’에서 영화를 만들었다는 한계가 있다고 지적했다. 그리고 결국 흑인 커뮤니티의 이야기를 ‘이용한’ 백인이 주목을 받고, 영화 주인공들의 삶은 변하지 않았는데 감독만 성공과 부(영화는 상업적으로도 꽤 성공을 거뒀다)를 거머쥐게 되었다는 비판도 받았다.

어쩌면 이 영화가 세상에 나올 수 있게 된 건, 제니 리빙스턴이 그런 ‘백인 특권’을 써서 필요 자원들을 확보했기 때문일 수 있겠다는 생각도 든다. ‘어째서 그는 카메라를 들 수 있는 위치에 있었던 것에 반해, 볼에 참가하고 있던 많은 흑인 퀴어들은 피사체의 위치에만 머물러야 하는지’에 대한 질문은 계속될 필요가 있다. 동시에 예술가나 창작자가 자신이 가진 ‘특권’을 어떻게 활용하여 ‘더 나은 이야기’를 만들 수 있을 것인지에 대한 이야기도 필요하다.

다큐멘터리 영화 <파리 이즈 버닝>, 드라마 시리즈 <포즈> 시즌1~2은 넷플릭스에서 시청할 수 있다.

출처:

https://blogs.ildaro.com/3685

[페미니스트 저널 일다 블로그]

#paris #paris is burning #movie #영화 #동성 #성소수자

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all-data-by-jacob-public · 4 years ago

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asian hate crime

https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/viral-images-show-people-color-anti-asian-perpetrators-misses-big-n1270821

https://www.voanews.com/usa/anti-asian-hate-crime-crosses-racial-and-ethnic-lines

https://lawsuit.org/hate-crime-report/

#asian #hate #crime

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all-data-by-jacob-public · 4 years ago

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일본 우동

https://youtu.be/BlusP__yDso

#ㅇ일본 #우동 #여행 #일본

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all-data-by-jacob-public · 4 years ago

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christian healthcare ministries

프로그램에 들어온 의사 찾기 링크

https://www.chministries.org/how-it-works/providers-services/

#건강 #healthcare #chm #christian healthcare

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all-data-by-jacob-public · 5 years ago

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oculus qwest

https://www.filamentgames.com/blog/5-excellent-educational-games-for-the-oculus-quest/

Anne Frank House VR

Price: Free

Rating: E (Everyone)

Previously featured in our roundup of awesome Oculus Go titles, award-winning educational app Anne Frank House VR is a must-play for Quest users of all ages. An emotional, uncompromising look at the WWII-era Secret Annex that housed Anne Frank, her family, and 4 others, Anne Frank House VR immerses players in a hauntingly real depiction of their two years spent hiding from Nazis.

Ocean Rift

Price: $9.99

Rating: E (Everyone)

Dubbed “the world’s first VR aquatic safari park,” Ocean Rift immerses players in a vivid underwater world packed with diverse marina flora and fauna. Comprised of 12 fully explorable habitats ranging from coral reefs to arctic waters, Ocean Rift lets learners explore and interact with dolphins, sharks, sea lions, and more, guided by more than 45 information points with factual information on each habitat and its inhabitants.

Mission: ISS

Price: Free

Rating: E (Everyone)

Have you ever dreamed of becoming an astronaut and experiencing life aboard the International Space Station? In Emmy-nominated Mission: ISS, players accomplish exactly that – floating through space in zero-gravity while simultaneously learning all about the work that real NASA astronauts do through hands-on objectives and informative videos and images. And best of all? Like Anne Frank House VR, Mission: ISS is completely free!

Titans of Space PLUS

Price: $9.99

Rating: E (Everyone)

Boasting a perfect 5/5 star review from UploadVR, Titans of Space PLUS is the definitive Oculus Quest experience for astronomy lovers! Featuring a full recreation of our solar system, two hours of narrated, fact-checked guided tours, and even a zero-gravity spacewalk mode, Titans is a fantastic showcase of the power of VR as a medium for immersive, hands-on learning.

National Geographic Explore VR

Price: $9.99

Rating: E (Everyone)

Rounding out today’s list is National Geographic Explore VR – an Oculus Quest-exclusive experience that puts players in the shoes of a National Geographic explorer! Transporting players to two iconic locales – Antarctica and Machu Picchu, Peru – explorers are tasked with capturing breathtaking photographs for NatGeo magazine, immersing themselves in learning about each environment’s history and inhabitants along the way.

https://vrtodaymagazine.com/vr-education/

Sharecare

Sharecare was launched to make it easy for anyone to get educated in, and appreciate an understanding of the human body. By giving you an anatomically accurate VR model of the human body, you get to immerse yourself in everything it’s capable of. Simulate diseases and customize the physiology to your hearts content. The educational content is growing rapidly and we have written extensively about the project here. Pick it up if you’d like to see what first class VR-based biology class is like.

Developer: Sharecare, Inc.

LEARN MORETRY VR

Anne Frank House VR

Anne Frank House VR takes us back to 1942 during WW2, where Anne Frank, a teenage jewish girl is forced into hiding to escape the viscious nazi occupation. Her story is heralded as one of the most famous of the horrid regime, which is why it is often used for educational purposes, and not just in VR. Born in germany, she lived most of her life in or around Amsterdam. Her story is one that should never be forgotten, and you owe it to yourself to give this one a download, hard as it may be to get through it.

Developer: Force Field

LEARN MORETRY VR

Mission: ISS

Humankind has looked to the skies for answers, ever since we drew our first breaths as an independent species. Our obsession with the great blue sky and its unrevealed mysteries has since then taught us how to navigate the seas, understand the concept of time and even climb inside winged ships of steel and wires, and set sail towards the planets beyond. Mission: ISS is to date the most detailed and elaborate space-oriented educational app for virtual reality. If you have the heart of a young Neil Armstrong or the pulse of a Sally Ride beating in your chest, this educational VR app for you. In its emmy-nominated glory you get a first-hand impression of what it’s like to be an astronaut, and you get to play around in zero gravity as well.

Developer: Magnopus

LEARN MORETRY VR

MEL Chemistry VR

Chemistry is one of those parts of the educational high school curriculum that you either happen to fall madly in love with, or not wanting to touch with a 6-foot poker. The reason for that is that chemistry is a field of study that shouldn’t just be memorized, but understood. The team over at MEL Science has launched what is to date one of the best educational VR apps on the subject of chemistry, and if you happen to be among those of us who never really understood the subject matter as well as you would have wanted – now is your chance. Dive into a world of molecules and immerse yourself in a world of matter in a whole new way.

Developer: MEL Science

LEARN MORETRY VR

Universe Sandbox ²

Universe Sandbox is, truth be told, more of a simulation environment than an actual VR app for education. With that said, there’s so much interesting content going on inside it, that we just had to give it a mention. The app essentially gives you the power of an omniscient creator diety, as you get to create and destroy life at an impossible scale. Create climatize and obliterate life in this horrifying but beautiful piece of software. It’s by no means accidental that the app has had so much success since its launch back in 2015. A massive experience, regardless of whether you use the HTC Vive or the Oculus Rift for your VR educational purposes.

Developer: Giant Army

LEARN MORETRY VR

The VR Museum of Fine Art

The VR Museum of Fine Art is a must-download VR education app for those of you out there who has an appetite for the art-lovers out there. As a matter of fact – even if you’re not that much into the Mona Lisa’s or Michaelangelo’s, you owe it to yourself to take it for a spin anyway. Step inside, and have a look at what the future of art galleries could potentially be like.

Developer: Finn Sinclair

LEARN MORETRY VR

1943 Berlin Blitz

1943 Berlin Blitz takes you on a trip with the crew over at BBC as you embark on a Lancaster bombing crew during a raid over Berlin during one of many campaigns in World War II. Described as harrowing and sorrowful, as well as cinematically gorgeous, this should be a first-download for any lover of history out there.

Developer: BBC Media Applications Technologies Limited

LEARN MORETRY VR

Samsung VR

To start things off, we’re taking a look at one of the most promising apps for education when it comes to the freshly formed cocktail of new-journalism and VR-based content. The New York Times have teamed up with the guys at Samsung to bring you a ground-breaking new app for your phone, that delivers a daily dose of 360° video straight to you smartphone, so you can experience the news like never before. Educational VR apps takes many shapes and sizes, and there’s a massive breadth of content available of all genres. For the ones out there interested in journalism and world news though – this one is a first-on-list download for you.

Learn More Try VR

A Journey into the Brain in VR - Unimersiv

Moving on to Unimersiv, one of the most prolific names in the educational VR space, and has almost become synonymous with quality content. Unimersiv has a large list of educational experiences available. They lives the philosophy that virtual reality is meant to be more – much more than figuring out how many bad guys can be gunned down before the bell rings you out.

With a massive library of educational VR apps in their wake, they’ve helped us explore the iconic ISS space station, re-visit the glory of the Titanic before the iceberg, and helped us have a rendezvous with ancient Rome.

“We want to make learning something new fun again so we built the first Virtual Reality learning platform to help students of all ages learn anything faster through virtual reality.” – Unimersiv

One of their latest experiences – “A Journey Into The Brain“, takes you on a guided tour throughout the most complex unit of the human anatomy, with guided narration and a calm flow. This is definitely worth checking out if you have any interest whatsoever in biology.

Learn More Try VR

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Learn Languages VR

Moving on from educational VR apps of visiting ancient cultures and exploring the human brain, to something entirely different. It’s time to talk about language, and the way we learn to express and articulate ourselves. Learn Languages VR is a new and exciting way to learn language “from the comfort of your couch”.

If you want to learn a new language on-the-go, but don’t quite have the time to pack your bags and travel to whatever that destination might be, Learn Languages can help. The app itself presents you with realistic dialogues inspired from real life events, and contains to this day, 28 languages that you can pick up and take for a spin. You won’t be the first to do so either, as Mondly (the platform all this is built on) has a whopping 5+ million downloads on a global scale as of April 2017!

Learn More Try VR

Our Dinosaur Era VR

It’s time to take a look at what’s up next – Our Dinosaur Era. Let’s take a trip down memory lane, and explore the ancient world of the dinosaurs. If you have a paleontologist’s exploratory heart beating inside, this one is definitely a worthy download. If we take a look at the only other app with this particular theme right now – the Jurassic World: Apatosaurus (built by the talented team over at Felix & Paul), it becomes quite clear that this one is in no way ready to compete on a visual level, but that’s not where the strength of this app lies. The strength of Our Dinosaur Era, is its breath of content, and family-friendly narration.

“A Great VR 3D Dinosaur exploring app for everyone in the family. 5/5” – POP 2Review

While a heavy load of education based Gear VR apps tend to focus on just being visually flawless, but short, this one actually provides a bit more content and substance which is nice for a change. Take it for a spin if you’re interested in prehistoric reptiles, and want to gain some perspective of just how impressive these primordial creatures were.

Learn More Try VR

Boulevard

Boulevard (Previously Woofbert) is an app that attempts to bring you closer to the world’s finest works of art, without having to jump on an airplane to venture out and see the real thing. Virtual reality’s greatest strength is its ability to transport you places, and allowing you to digitally experience that which is currently out of arm’s reach. The team over at Boulevard realized this, and with the acquisition of Oculus by Facebook they knew they had to strike immediately. Educational GearVR apps can help us experience many things up hand in living form, yet not all things worth experiencing in 3-dimensional space are living creatures or dynamically shifting environments. Sometimes, it’s experiencing the visceral works of art from the world’s leading museums.

“Netflix for the Arts” – Forbes

What Boulevard is doing, is giving you access to the world’s most iconic museums, so you can experience leading art exhibitions from the comfort of your own home. Here at the editorial, we took at trip to the Victoria and Albert Museum in VR, and experienced a solid 30 minutes browsing the art gallery and listening to the museum curator telling us the stories behind each piece. Truly, a phenomenal experience. This VR app for art appreciation and education is a must!

Learn More Try VR

The Body VR

Let’s move on to something quite different from education apps about art galleries and dinosaurs. We’re changing theme, and now it’s about time we went for the really really small. The Body VR truly is one of the most visually stunning apps we have on our list today. The purpose of the experience is for you to man a vessel as you explore the wonders of the human body and its billions of living cells. You travel through the bloodstream and learn everything there is to know about how blood cells work to spread oxygen through the human body. You also learn just how your body reacts when it’s faced with deadly viruses.

Learn More Try VR

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At The Fork VR

At The Fork VR is one of the most basic-level experience of all of the educational GearVR apps on our list today. It’s an experience that takes you on a big tour of the farms and enclosure of the 2016 documentary film “At The Fork“. On the tour you’re teaming up with the ever-talented Lisa Versaci, as your walk through the farms and get to greet all of the animals that currently living there. This is definitely one for the youngsters out there!

Learn More Try VR

Titans of Space

It’s time. Pack your bags and leave all earthly memories behind. If Neil Degrasse-Tyson could take a pick on this list to crown as his favorite – this one would be it. With the most scientifically ambitious of our educational VR apps, we’re going to venture out into black night sky and explore the miracles of space.

Titans of Space is an exploratory application that lets you explore deep space to learn and understand just how massive and wondrous the galaxies of space really are. With beautiful background music, and an almost “Cosmos: A Space Odyssey“-like flow to the pace of the experience, you are sure to be in for a treat if there’s any kind of appetite for learning to be found in you. The visuals are absolutely stunning, and the perspective and size ratio is accurate, which is flabbergasting once you see them for yourself!

Learn More Try VR

Nefertari: Journey to Eternity

If you are one of those who never really found educational history books about ancient egypt quite as interesting as the idea of packing your bags and heading off on an adventure to see the pyramids for yourself, you may want to download Nefertari: Journey to Eternity. The VR experience lets you step inside the tomb of Nefertari and bask in the story of its beautiful artistry, its majestic history and fascinating construction. As far as educational VR apps goes, this one is a must-own, and one to show your kids while you’re at it!

Developer: Experius VR

LEARN MORETRY VR

Educational VR Apps

That’s a wrap folks. We hope you’ve enjoyed this list of educational VR apps and that you’re hungry for more content, as the list will be updated as we move towards the end of this year. If you have any recommendations as the months go by, let us know in the comments section or on social media, and we will take your considerations into account when it’s time for an update!

google earth for oculus qwest

https://youtu.be/_m5vkpRSnvI

vr fitness

fitxr

https://youtu.be/-8ho6n0mB2c

creed rise to glory

https://youtu.be/8xWsj_PK_Dw

thrill of the fight

https://youtu.be/PTp8nA4TWUQ

qwest 2 app virtual desktop을 이용한 컴퓨터 연결

https://youtu.be/XSYgzY79nCY

#oculus #quest #vr

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