Research in Biotechnology and Environmental Science is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal that aims to publish high-quality manuscripts. All accepted articles are published quarterly in open access full text. RBES publishes the results of original scientific studies, reviews, case reports, and short communications, in all fields of biotechnology and environmental science.
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Palm oil obtained from the mesocarp of the fruit of Elaeis guineensis is locally used to treat inflammations either alone or in combination with herbs. The present study aimed to test the basis of using palm oil (PO) as an anti-inflammatory agent and the synergistic effect of the Aqueous Extract polyherbal Formulation (AEPHF) comprising Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa, and Allium sativum.
Materials and Methods: A total of 162 adult Wistar rats were used to investigate three anti-inflammatory models for eight weeks. Each model contained 54 rats (27 male and 27 female rats), with an average weight of 119 to 170 g. In the acute and sub-acute anti-inflammatory studies, 0.2 ml of carrageenan solution 1%, egg albumin, and formalin were injected subcutaneously into the paw of the rats respectively. Group 1 distilled H2O (2 ml/kg), Group 2, 10 mg/kg of ibuprofen, Group 3, 50 mg/kg of AEPHF, Group 4, 50 mg/kg of AEPHF + 2ml/kg of PO, Group 5, 50 mg/kg of AEPHF + PO topically, Group 6, 100 mg/kg of AEPHF, Group 7, 100 mg/kg of AEPHF + 2 ml/kg of PO, Group 8, 100 mg/kg of AEPHF + PO topically, Group 9, 2 ml/kg of PO and PO topically. The diameters of the paws were recorded at intervals of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 hours (for acute inflammatory study using egg albumin and carrageenan), as well as at 0, 3, 5, and 7 days (for sub-acute inflammatory study using formalin).
Results: The results indicated that the treatment groups had significantly less paw diameter compared to the control group (p<0.01). Group 8, which distilled 100 mg/kg of AEPHF and PO topically, had the best effect compared to other treatment groups.
Conclusion: An increase in the dose of AEPHF revealed subsequent increases in anti-inflammatory actions. 100 mg/kg of AEPHF and PO topically proved to be the most potent in the three models of inflammations. However, further research should be carried out to determine the mechanism of action of the anti-inflammatory effect of the plant using laboratory animals.
#language #education #language_learning translation #appl #research #biotechnology #biodegradat
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RBES is indexed in OpenAIRE.
#language #education #language_learning #translation #appl #research #biotechnology #biodegradat
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Microbes of sponges have diverse associations, including true symbiosis. Sponges, being evolutionarily ancient sessile filter feeders, host diverse and abundant microbial species that play crucial roles in host metabolism. Although the microbial symbionts of sponges are widely distributed within the organism (up to 40% of their volume), the ecological relationships and interactions between bacteria and their sponge host remain largely unexplored for many species. The present study was one of the first attempts to isolate symbiotic bacteria from the sponge Raspaciona aculeata.
Materials and Methods: After isolation on marine agar medium, the isolates were characterized for different colony morphology. The 16S rDNA taxonomic analysis was carried out on bacteria isolates.
Results: Following an incubation period of two weeks at 25°C, only 13 bacterial strains were isolated with a very low rate of genetic biodiversity. All strains belonged to the Gammaproteobacteria class (Pseudomonadaceae family), except one (isolate AL-18ra) belonging to the Bacilli class (Bacillaceae family).
Conclusion: The obtained results are of great importance for advancing the understanding of symbiosis phenomena within the sponge species Raspaciona aculeata to study its bioapplication potential.
#translation #appl #research #biotechnology #biodegradation
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Medicinal plants have important roles in the treatment of infections. This study aimed to investigate the relationship among the amount of phenol, flavonoid, and antioxidant properties, as well as the effect of antimicrobial properties of methanolic extracts of nine medicinal plants against standard bacteria.
Materials and Methods: Nine plants were collected from Zabol, located in the south-eastern of Iran and identified in the botanical laboratory of the University of Zabol, Iran. The soaking process prepared extracts including Althaea officinalis, Calotropis procera, Eryngium caucasicum, Malva Sylvestris, Nerium oleander, Saponaria officinali, Satureja hortensis, Sinapis alba, and Urtica dioica, and total phenol and flavonoid content were measured by folin-ciocaltio reagent and aluminum chloride by colorimetric methods, antioxidant activity by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method, and antibacterial activity of extracts against standard bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus mutans, Hafnia elevi, Enterococcus fecalis) were evaluated.
Results: The results showed that the methanol extract of N. oleander with an average of 3.36 mg/g and C. procera with an average of 0.48 mg/g of dry weight have the highest and lowest amounts of phenolic compounds, respectively. C. procera extract (ith an average of 85.54 mg/ml was the most effective and M. sylvestris extract with an average of 21.80 mg/ml had the least role in inhibiting free radicals. The results of the antimicrobial activity of different extracts showed that the largest non-growth zone diameter in bacteria P. mirabilis, E. coli, and H. alevi is related to the extract of N. oleander.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed the differences in the number of effective compounds of the studied plants and their antioxidant properties. Also, after carefully examining the effects of these extracts in vitro and in vivo, it is suggested that these extracts be studied as a substitute for chemical drugs to treat infections.
#translation #appl #research #biotechnology #biodegradation
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Phytoremediation is a cutting-edge and eco-friendly technique that utilizes plants to eliminate pollutants, including copper, which can pose risks to plants, animals, and humans. In the present study, the hyperaccumulator capabilities of the tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum) in the removal of copper, zinc, iron, and manganese from the soil was explored.
Materials and Methods: The tomato plants were cultivated for 70 days in pots containing varying concentrations of copper, ranging from 250 to 1250 ppm. At specific time intervals of 15, 30, 45, and 60 days, plants of each concentration were harvested. Then the soil samples were analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy to determine the levels of copper, zinc, manganese, and iron.
Results: The results indicated that zinc removal exhibited a higher rate compared to other metals, with a removal rate of up to 95.79%, while copper removal reached 87.7%. Furthermore, analysis after 60 days of treatment revealed that the aerial parts of the plants accumulated more metals than that of the roots. Additionally, the chlorophyll content in the leaves decreased at both low and high copper concentrations, compared to moderate levels.
Conclusion: The tomato plant, L. esculentum indicated promising hyperaccumulator potential in the removal of copper than other metals from the soil. The current study emphasized the effectiveness of phytoremediation as a sustainable approach to abating copper pollution.
#translation #appl #research #biotechnology #biodegradation
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Seaweeds or marine macroalgae are the oldest members of the plant kingdom, with a history extending back many hundreds of millions of years. Based on photosynthetic pigments, marine macroalgae can be classified into three groups, namely green algae commonly known as Chlorophyta, brown algae or Phaeophyta, and red algae also called Rhodophyta. In response to different kinds of environmental stress, marine algae develop defense strategies resulting in a significant level of structural chemical diversity, from different metabolic pathways. In this review a brief description of the most important seaweed compounds and their bioactivities are presented in this study. Seaweeds contain minerals, amino acids, proteins, fatty acids, lipids, polysaccharides, dietary fibers, vitamins, and various secondary metabolites, such as phenols, alkaloids, terpenes, and pigments. Many of these constituents possess high economic values and can be extracted to obtain antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, and antihypertensive products. Therefore, a new trend to isolate and identify bioactive compounds and constituents from marine algae has emerged.
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Polyherbal formulations maximize therapeutic effects and reduce toxicity by combining effective herbs in specific ratios. The present study aimed to quantify some phytochemical constituents, and some non-enzymatic antioxidants and to estimate the analgesic, expectorant, and antitussive properties of polyherbal-formulated tea (Curcuma longa, Citrus limon, Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum, and Moringa oleifera).
Materials and Methods: Some phytochemical constituents and some non-enzymatic antioxidants of the polyherbal tea were evaluated using colorimetric methods. The antitussive efficacy was assessed by examining the cough induced by citric acid in 20 healthy guinea pigs and ammonium in 20 mice. The expectorant activity was evaluated using phenol dye secretion in mice. The analgesic properties were analyzed using pain caused by a hot plate and writhing test caused by acetic acid. Four groups were formed by randomly dividing 20 healthy adult experimental animals (mice and guinea pig), with 5 of both sexes’ animals in each group. Group 1 was given distilled water (10 ml/kg), group 2 was given 5 mg/kg of the polyherbal-formulated tea, group 3 was given 10 mg/kg of the polyherbal-formulated tea, and group 4 was given standard drugs depending on the model of animals used. The tea and standard drugs were administered orally.
Available at:https://rbes.rovedar.com/index.php/RBES/article/view/29
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The current study was conducted to assess the impact of pollutants derived from the rice mill environment on agricultural practices and human health conditions in Hassan District, Karnataka State, India. The aim of the study was to expplore the impact of the rice milling industry on the ecological status of the area.
Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was adapted to examine the status of the rice mill environment from January to June 2023. Five rice mills were randomly chosen, and the data was collected from 85 different family members residing at varying distances from these mills (0, 1, and 10 kilometers).
Results: Results indicated that more than 50% of the surveyed family members acknowledged the impact of pollutants from nearby rice mills on their environment, agriculture, and health. However, the impact on health and agricultural practices was insignificant, as indicated by scores ranging from 8 to 15 out of 30. When evaluating the environmental impact on a 60-point scale, it was evident that the contamination level exceeded 30 due to rice mill activities, signifying a substantial effect on the surrounding area. Within a 5-kilometer radius of the rice mills, the contamination adversely affected over 50% of the area, primarily stemming from rice mill activities. The contamination levels dropped to less than 20 at a distance of 10 kilometers from the mill location, indicating a reduction in impact with increased distance.
Conclusion: The overall analytical results and survey in the study suggest that rice mills should be located at a minimum distance of 0.5 kilometers from human settlements to mitigate contamination effectively. Encouraging environmentally friendly practices and adhering to principles, such as eco-efficiency and zero waste, are essential steps towards sustainable and pollution-free rice milling operations.
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The Power of Nanovaccines in Immunotherapy of Melanoma, Lung, Breast, and Colon Cancers: A Comprehensive Review
Scientists are exploring new approaches to overcome cancer, and nanovaccines have emerged as one of the most promising tools in the fight against cancer. This review aimed to provide a thorough overview of nanovaccines as potential cancer immunotherapy agents by describing their mechanism of action and potential therapeutic implications. The growing incidence of cancer underscores the urgent need for comprehensive strategies focusing on prevention, early detection, and innovative treatment modalities to control and mitigate the impact of this widespread disease effectively. It is important to note that nanovaccines are a cutting-edge platform with a wide range of applications in immunotherapy for colon, breast, lung, melanoma, and ovarian cancers. Nanoscale formulations of tumor-specific antigens and adjuvants can initiate an efficient and targeted immune response. Research on nanovaccines involving melanoma has shown that they can trigger potent anti-tumor immune responses, which permit prolonged survival and tumor regression. Furthermore, nanovaccines have been effective in treating breast cancer since they can modulate the tumor microenvironment and stimulate the presence of cytotoxic T cells within the tumor. The nanovaccines strategy has enhanced the immune system’s recognition of tumor antigens, resulting in tumor cell destruction and effective immune recognition. There have also been studies that have utilized nanovaccines to modify the immune response of tumor cells to immune checkpoint inhibitors, thereby improving the synergistic outcomes of colon cancer treatment. Besides improving the immune response to malignancies, nanovaccines represent a transformative approach to cancer immunotherapy. The presence of compelling results across various cancer types suggests that nanovaccines are a powerful tool in cancer treatment despite further research required to optimize their design and validate their clinical applicability.
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Bacterial infections remain a critical public health concern worldwide, necessitating the development of efficient and sensitive diagnostic tools. Nanobiosensors, comprising nanomaterials, offer a novel approach to bacterial pathogen detection. The present review aimed to explore the current research and applications of nanobiosensors for bacterial pathogen detection. Recent discoveries in nanotechnology have facilitated the development of nanobiosensors with remarkable sensitivity and specificity. These nanoscale sensors are designed to detect specific bacterial pathogens through various mechanisms, including aptamers, antibodies, and molecular recognition elements. Furthermore, miniaturization and integration with microfluidic systems have enabled the rapid and point-of-care detection of bacterial infections. Incorporating nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, and graphene into biosensing platforms has significantly enhanced their performance, leading to ultrasensitive detection of bacterial antigens and nucleic acids. Additionally, using nanobiosensors with advanced analytical techniques, such as electrochemical, optical, and piezoelectric methods, has expanded the possibilities for accurate and real-time monitoring of bacterial pathogens. Nanobiosensors represent a promising frontier in the battle against bacterial infections. Their exceptional sensitivity, rapid response times, and potential for multiplexed detection make them invaluable tools for the early diagnosis and monitoring of bacterial pathogens. Developing cost-effective and portable nanobiosensors for resource-limited settings becomes increasingly possible as nanotechnology advances.
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The present study aimed to investigate the structural, morphological, elemental, optical properties and photocatalytic activity of the bare zinc oxide (ZnO) and Manganese-doped zinc oxide (Mn- ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) using terasil blue (TB) dye as a model substrate.
Materials and Methods: The ZnO and Mn-doped ZnO catalysts were synthesized using the co-precipitation method. The synthesized photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The band energies were measured using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry.
Results: The results obtained from XRD, EDX, SEM, and UV-Vis analyses demonstrated a successful synthesis of bare and Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles. The diffraction patterns for the synthesized ZnO and Mn-doped ZnO photocatalyts were matched with that of the standard hexagonal wurtzite structure of the standard ZnO catalyst. The average particle size for the ZnO and Mn-doped ZnO catalysts were found to be 23.46 nm and 24.38 nm, and band gap energies of 3.28eV and 3.09eV, respectively. The photocatalytic performance of the Mn-doped ZnO photocatalyst was optimized using box behnken design of response surface methodology under visible light irradiation. The operational parameters involved TB initial concentration, catalyst dosage, initial pH, and irradiation time. The optimum photodegradation efficiency of TB dye removal was achieved at 96.75% of 15mg/L of TB concentration, 0.1g/L of Mn-doped ZnO, pH = 10, and 160 minutes of irradiation time. Moreover, the photocatalytic degradation of TB over the Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics model (k = 0.0254 min-1).
Conclusion: Finally, the evaluation of various scavengers confirmed that the photogenerated holes and hydroxyl radicals were the major radicals for the TB photodegradation over the Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticle under visible light irradiation.
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Pyrethroid pesticides are applied in agricultural fields to protect crops from pests and their residues, which can adversely affect soil and water quality, causing damage to non-target organisms. This research aimed to explore the potential role of the bacterial strain, Pseudomonas stutzeri in breaking down the pesticide, Bifenthrin.
Materials and Methods: The study focused on evaluating the efficiency of the bacterium, Pseudomonas stutzeri (MTCC2300) in degrading the pyrethroid, Bifenthrin. Various concentrations of Bifenthrin (2500, 5000, 7500, and 10000 ppm) were subjected to treatment with the bacterial strain in minimal broth for 16 days.
Results: When the efficiency of Pseudomonas stutzeri on the degradation of 2500, 5000, 7500, and 10000 ppm of Bifenthrin was tested for a period of 16 days, a decrease in pH, and an increase in CO2, NH3, and biomass were observed. The pH was reduced to 7.6 while CO2 increased to 4 mg/ml, NH3 up to 0.8mM, and Biomass up to 0.6 g dry wt./ml. In a two-way ANOVA, Bifenthrin concentration resulted in a statistically significant variation in parameters like, pH, CO2, and NH3 of the culture medium.
Conclusion: Pseudomonas stutzeri could tolerate Bifenthrin concentrations up to 10000 ppm, and it can be employed in Bioremediation programs for cleaning pyrethroid pesticide-polluted sites.
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Detecting Natural Wolbachia Infection and Supergroup Identification of Metochus uniguttatus in North India
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The Consequences and Challenges Associated with Amphibian Toxicology Regarding Pesticides
DOI: https://doi.org/10.58803/rbes.v2i3.15
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https://app.dimensions.ai/discover/publication?search_mode=content&search_text=10.58803%2FRbes*&search_type=kws&search_field=doi
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