#1 - p. 316

[maeve-is-annoying-about-books]

House of Leaves, Chapter 13

Another rich chapter. This one was titled, too. Before Zampanò erased all reference to the labyrinth.

These poor kids, man... It's not enough they have to live in a rhetorical device for their parents' issues, but they have to go to school on top of it all. And now watch as dead and dying men they saw just a week-and-some-change ago get vaulted onto the living room floor.

It seems like I have an answer of a sort as to why the Spiral Staircase got so big. Karen's packing to leave coincides at about the same time as the stretch.¹ It's a total collapse of communication on all fronts. Y'know, in a way everyone is in their own bewildering little house at this moment. One that's twisting, unsure, and endlessly possible but infinitely obfuscating. Brookes, a teacher at the children's school, walks into the house looking for answers and is met with confusion. Like Holloway, when there are no answers, ends, or goals. Like Karen, who has infinite choice on where and how to go, but by that same token makes it impossible to plan. Like Tom, bereft of a brother. Like the police who walk into a mystery they simply cannot solve in a household they don't understand.

To me the house has a component of the terror of infinite possibility. If you're an artist of any sort, maybe you'll understand. Has anyone ever told you to just draw anything? Draw whatever you like. Because now, well, what's the right thing to draw? What is the best use of your time? What ages-old idea will you resurrect when you have time for one? In these situations I find having infinite choices is the same as having none, both beget a certain kind of paralysis.

Anyway. The uh, the book. Let's see what's next I'm sure it's answers about Hallway an-

Hi. Johnny. My man's so far gone he's nailing tape measures up in his room.² I didn't expect Lude to be the one to give him his figurative light, though. It's narrative as fuck. He's literally giving Johnny a guiding light, his way out, and Johnny just can't do it.

And then there's this bit here that I like.³ Johnny talking about how without the story, he would cease to exist. And it's completely true. He has interposed himself into it and he's now a part of it from my perspective. In the complete sense, he is a character in the story in my hands. Like some fly trapped in a piece of amber I'm holding.

In a way, I guess I'm also part of this story now. My musings are added to the book. Maeve's interludes where she talks about her feelings and gripes at Johnny. There's something about that that should frighten me, but I actually think it's really sweet. Even if my words are only seen by a handful of people, to them, to you I am every bit the same character as Will, Karen, or Johnny. I exist on paper, in relation to this story. At least until I move on to my next book. But these words, my bit part, will remain. As will everyone else's who writes about House of Leaves.

I got... very sidetracked. Pardon me.

Navidson's escape. The book seems a bit insistent on coding Holloway as the Minotaur. But what I find striking is that he's simply not. He's much more in line with Zampanò's small take on the man-bull.⁴ Someone dispossessed for inadequacy. The labyrinth is his home, it keeps him safe. It gives him the visage of a brave adventurer. I'm sure there are allusions and themes with Elizabeth and the doe but I'm not too picky about them. I more find it interesting that he took his own life in the house. Moon above that sounds horrific worded like that. I mean that there are two ways it could be read. Either as a definite end to the infinite using the only thing he had control over, or... Or the labyrinth took him as its Minotaur. Maybe both. The house vanished his body, turning even certainty into possibility. the suggestion he is the something in the dark, still. And that's maybe the most horrific thing of all. Not that Holloway's body lurks in the house, but its power to make the certain into a worrying "possibly".

Or my read on it is bad. This is a very packed chapter, I still have a segment to go, so please excuse me for capping my speculation here for now.

Speaking of the house and frightening possibilities the fucking thing is on the loose.⁴ In... a heel turn? The house is now warping its normal side, rapidly opening into yawning abyss. Actively trying to kill its occupants. Now in the moment this was fucking terrifying, brought out the little girl in me who was frightened of Monster House. But after the fact I wonder at... why. Why suddenly change like this? Why shift to the maximally predatory? Why the sudden visceral horror over the liminal cold? I've trusted the very deliberate nature of the book so far, so I'm willing to extend some grace and see if there's more context later. Perhaps the violence is caused simply by the group perceiving the house as a violent thing. Maybe it's a lingering echo of the violence it was taught. Maybe action scenes are just really cool.

There is this one moment I'd like to take note of before I end post. It's here⁵, where Navidson is rescuing Daisy. The scratches on her arms are still, of course, there. I found it interesting that Navy has to undergo a symbolic reciprocation of her pain in order to rescue her.

And he did rescue her.

At the cost of Tom. Oh Tom you deserved so much better than this.

[thelibraryghost]

Early 1880s Name Embroidery Patterns

more 1880s embroidery patterns at my blog

Weaver, Jane. "Alphabet for Handkerchief." Peterson's Magazine, vol. 81, no. 6 (Jun. 1882), p. 486. Weaver, Jane. "Small Table-Cloth [Marguerite, Maria]." Peterson's Magazine, vol. 82, no. 4 (Oct. 1882), p. 316. —. "Alphabet and Numerals for Marking." Peterson's Magazine, vol. 81, no. 2 (Feb. 1882), p. 164. —. "Alphabet for Marking." Peterson's Magazine, vol. 79, no. 2 (Feb. 1881), p. 163. —. "Initials [W, B]." Peterson's Magazine, vol. 80, no. 4 (Oct. 1881). —. "Name for Marking [Emilie]." Peterson's Magazine, vol. 79, no. 2 (Feb. 1881). —. "Name for Marking [Jeanne]." Peterson's Magazine, vol. 79, no. 3 (Mar. 1881). —. "Name for Marking [Agnes]." Peterson's Magazine, vol. 80, no. 2 (Aug. 1881). —. "Name for Marking [Edith]." Peterson's Magazine, vol. 80, no. 2 (Aug. 1881). —. "Name for Marking [Anna]." Peterson's Magazine, vol. 80, no. 3 (Sept. 1881), p. 233. —. "Name for Marking [Mary]." Peterson's Magazine, vol. 80, no. 3 (Sept. 1881), p. 235. —. "Name for Marking [Adéle]." Peterson's Magazine, vol. 80, no. 6 (Dec. 1881). —. "Name for Marking [Marie]." Peterson's Magazine, vol. 81, no. 1 (Jan. 1882), p. 83. —. "Name for Marking [Mariha]." Peterson's Magazine, vol. 81, no. 5 (May 1882). —. "Name for Marking [Marianne]." Peterson's Magazine, vol. 81, no. 6 (Jun. 1882). —. "Name for Marking [Clara]." Peterson's Magazine, vol. 81, no. 6 (Jun. 1882), p. 489. —. "Names for Marking [Fannie, Sadie]." Peterson's Magazine, vol. 79, no. 1 (Jan. 1881). —. "Names for Marking [Marie, Matilda, Jeanne]." Peterson's Magazine, vol. 79, no. 4 (Apr. 1881). —. "Names for Marking [Mariha, Kate, Nellie]." Peterson's Magazine, vol. 79, no. 6 (Jun. 1881), p. 475. —. "Names for Marking [Jenny, Elisabeth]." Peterson's Magazine, vol. 80, no. 6 (Dec. 1881). —. "Names for Marking [Caroline, Ellen]." Peterson's Magazine, vol. 81, no. 2 (Feb. 1882), p. 169. —. "Names for Marking [Lucy, Martha]." Peterson's Magazine, vol. 82, no. 3 (Sept. 1882). —. "Names for Marking [Fanny, Jane]." Peterson's Magazine, vol. 82, no. 3 (Sept. 1882). —. "Names for Marking [Marie, Louise]." Peterson's Magazine, vol. 82, no. 5 (Nov. 1882). —. "The Name 'Mary' in Cuneiform Letters for Marking Handkerchiefs." Godey's Lady's Book, vol. 100, no. 4 (Apr. 1880), p. 368.

[evidence-based-activism]

Weaponized Incompetence in Consent

This post made me interested in this topic, so I decided to do some investigating. For the unaware, "weaponized incompetence" refers to when someone (usually male) pretends to be bad at/not understand something in order to get out of doing it [1]. A typical example is a husband who "mistakenly" mixes up laundry loads – ruining the clothes – in order to get out of having to do the laundry in the future.

The above post extends this into discussions about consent; particularly the idea that men don't understand or recognize implied refusals.

This is by no means a new conversation; it's been around since at least 1999 [2]. This work describes how the social emphasis on "just say[ing] no" fails to consider how "refusals are complex conversational interactions" and suggests "it should not in fact be necessary for a woman to say `no' in order for her to be understood as refusing sex". They conclude that "young women are communicating in ways which are usually understood to mean refusal in other contexts and it is not the adequacy of their communication that should be questioned, but rather their male partners’ claims not to understand that these women are refusing sex".

This was further criticized in 2008 [3]. In this work, they asked young men how "they themselves would refuse unwanted sex" and found they "share the understanding that explicit verbal refusals ... are unnecessary to effectively communicate the withholding of consent to sex". They also demonstrate ability in recognizing women's implicit refusals with no example requiring the explicit use of the word "no" to be understood. It is only after the researchers ask about rape specifically, that the men start to invoke the "miscommunication model to account for rape".

A 2016 review [4] describes other work that confirms these findings. In particular, they note past work has shown "substantial agreement between male and female college students on the methods most important to sexual communication" and that "in some interactions that might appear to be misunderstandings, the men had heard the women’s refusal but kept pushing for sex, hoping to change their minds or wear them down."

All in all, this work demonstrates that men are capable of recognizing women's implied refusals and actually utilize similar communication strategies themselves. Much like the men who "can't" do the laundry, the idea that men cannot recognize or understand basic communication is simply a self-serving myth.

References under the cut:

Weaponized incompetence: What it is and 4 signs. (2024, August 19). Cleveland Clinic. https://health.clevelandclinic.org/weaponized-incompetence

Kitzinger, C., & Frith, H. (1999). Just say no? The use of conversation analysis in developing a feminist perspective on sexual refusal. Discourse & Society, 10(3), 293-316.

O'Byrne, R., Hansen, S., & Rapley, M. (2008). If a girl doesn't say ‘no’…”: young men, rape and claims of ‘insufficient knowledge. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 18(3), 168-193.

Muehlenhard, C. L., Humphreys, T. P., Jozkowski, K. N., & Peterson, Z. D. (2016). The complexities of sexual consent among college students: A conceptual and empirical review. The Journal of Sex Research, 53(4-5), 457-487.

[eternal-echoes]

“But what about the claim that only 1 or 2 percent of all individuals who undergo reassignment surgery regret their choice? Studies that make such claims often lack validity due to four shortcomings:

First, there are no standardized measures for establishing results. For example, one of the most widely used statistics is that only 2.2 percent of individuals experience post-surgical regret.(5) However, this study counted only individuals who applied to change their legal documents to reflect their detransition. Carey Callahan, a female detransitioner said, "Moreover, that study defined a 'detransitioner' as someone who had changed their name and gender legally (an arduous process in Sweden at the time) and then had the motivation and money to go through the name change process in reverse, a standard so strict that I wouldn't be counted, and nor would 90% of the detransitioners I know."(6) Other surveys measure those who had surgical reversal procedures. But again, this would exclude most detransitioners.(7)

A second flaw that weakens the findings of many "low regret rate" studies is that they contain a small sample size. Some have as few as ten or twelve individuals.(8)

A third weakness of many of the studies is that they are based upon short follow-up times. Dr. Paul Rhodes Eddy noted, "The average timespan from a person's medical transition to taking steps to officially initiate detransition is somewhere between eight to eleven years."(9) However, many studies that show low rates of regret are conducted within five years of the operation, and some of them as little as five months (10) Therefore, studies with shorter follow-up times will inevitably underestimate transition regret rates.

A fourth flaw is that these studies are often plagued by extremely high loss to follow-up rates. Many of the studies lost track of between 50 and 86 percent of the individuals!(11) When determining how important this is to the validity of a study's findings, Dr. Joseph Dettori points out, "A good rule of thumb is that <5% loss leads to little bias, while >20% poses serious threats to validity. ... One way to determine if loss to follow-up can seriously affect results is to assume a worst-case scenario with the missing data and look to see if the results would change."(12)

-Jason Evert, Male, Female, or Other: A Catholic Guide to Understanding Gender

—

Work cited:

(5) Cf. Dhejne et al., "An Analysis of all Applications for Sex Reassignment Surgery in Sweden, 1960-2010: Prevalence, Incidence, and Regrets," 1535-1545.

(6) Carey Callahan, "Gender Identity Is Hard but Jumping to Medical Solutions Is Worse," Economist, December 3, 2019.

(7) "An Open Letter to Julia Serano from One of the Detransitioned People You Claim to 'Support," Crashchaoscats, August 8, 2016).

(8) Cf. O. Bodlund and G. Kullgren, "Transsexualism-General Outcome and Prognostic Factors: A Five-Year Follow-up Study of Nineteen Transsexuals in the Process of Changing Sex," Archives of Sexual Behavior 25 (1996), 303-316; M. Stein et al., "Follow-Up Observations of Operated Male-to-Female Transsexuals," Journal of Urology 143 (1990): 1188-1192.

(9) Paul Rhodes Eddy, "Rethinking Transition: On the History, Experience and Current Research Regarding Gender Transition, Transition Regret and Detransition," Center for Faith, Sexuality & Gender, September 2022, 204.

(10) Cf. W. Tsoi, "Follow-Up Study of Transsexuals After Sex-Reassignment Surgery," Singapore Medical Journal 34:6 (1993), 515-17; J. Rehman et al., "The Reported Sex and Surgery Satisfactions of 28 Postoperative Male-to-Female Transsexual Patients," Archives of Sexual Behavior 28:1 (1999), 71-89; P. Cohen-Kettenis and S. van Goozen, "Sex Reassignment of Adolescent Transsexuals: A Follow-Up Study," Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 36 (1997), 263-271; James Barrett, "Psychological and Social Function Before and After Phalloplasty," International Journal of Transgenderism 2:1 (1998), 1-8; M. Stein et al., "Follow-up Observations of Operated Male-to-Female

11) Cf.G. Weinforth et al., "Quality of Life Following Male-To-Female Sex Reassignment Surgery," Deutsches Ärzteblatt International 116:15 (2019), 253-260; N. Papadopulos et al., "Quality of Life and Patient Satisfaction Following Male-to-Female Sex Reassignment Surgery," Journal of Sexual Medicine 14/5 (2017), 721-730; T. van de Grift et al., "Surgical Satisfaction, Quality of Life, and Their Association After Gender-Affirming Surgery: A Follow-Up Study," Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy 44/2 (2018), 138-148; C. McNichols et al., "Patient-Reported Satisfaction and Quality of Life After Trans Male Gender Affirming Surgery," International Journal of Transgender Health 21/4 (2020), 410-417; L. Jellestad et al., "Quality of Life in Transitioned Trans Persons: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Cohort Study," Hindawi-BioMed Research International (2018), 8684625, 10.

12) J. Dettori, "Loss to Follow-Up," Evidence-Based Spine-Care Journal 2/1 (2011), 7-10.

—

For more recommended resources on gender dysphoria, click here.

[postsofbabel]

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[rhianna]

The Celtic druids / by Godfrey Higgins.

Description

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Cite this

Main AuthorHiggins, Godfrey, 1773-1833.Language(s)English PublishedLondon : R. Hunter, 1827. SubjectsAlphabet. Druids and Druidism. Europe >  Europe / Antiquities. NoteEdition of 1829 has title: The Celtic druids; or, An attempt to shew, that the druids were the priests of oriental colonies who emigrated from India, and were the introducers of the first or Cadmean system of letters, and the builers of Stonehenge, of Carnac, and of other cyclopean works in Asia and Europe. cf. Brit. mus. Catalogue. Illustrated t.-p. mounted. Physical Description1 p. l., xiv p., 1 l., xcvi, 316 p. : front. (map) illus., plates (part double) plans ; 28 x 22 cm.

[adsproject]

Final Reflection

Alohaaaa! 🤙 Welcome back to my blog! Alas, this will be my last post on this blog, unfortunately. I have overcome many hurdles, and I am proud of where I am today, my project, and what has led me to this point. This journey was not easy, but it was definitely worthwhile and memorable, thanks to all the support I received. I want to personally thank everyone who has participated in my Instagram polls and my usability testing survey. Shout out to y’all!

1. What were your thoughts about your research topic going into the first week of the semester?

My thoughts during the first week of the semester about my research topic, job displacement in web design, were that AI will not replace human designers or artists as a whole because they lack empathy and the ability to form meaningful connections with humans, both interpersonally and in person. However, I didn't think I could win this battle against AI due to my inexperience. I have the skills, sure, but they are elementary at best. Prior to this project, I had some experience working with Figma and creating my first website prototype through my CM 316 (User Experience) course. I also practiced more coding in HTML and CSS in my ART 320 (Web Design & Development) class. In the end, I created a website prototype, so no coding experience was actually needed.

2. What are your thoughts now about your research topic and your project/practicum?

My current thoughts on my research topic are that AI can be used as a tool to brainstorm during the ideation step of the design process, generating ideas or inspiration for wireframes and similar tasks. However, it should not do the work entirely for you. It's the same with templates; you don't just submit it as is. You have to add your own personal touch and style, and replace the content with your own words. Regarding my project, I never thought I would beat the AI, so it was a pleasant surprise to win against it. I had many ups and downs, and at one point, I thought this project was impossible to complete and that I wouldn't graduate on time. Nevertheless, I'm so glad I reduced its scope, making it less overwhelming and daunting. Best decision I ever made. I somewhat regret not being able to complete my original deliverable of a website, but maybe I can create one in the future. Some things are just not meant for you at the moment, but they can come to you later.

3. What did you learn about yourself as a creative through this journey?

It was challenging for me to meet my own deadlines, so I kept giving myself extensions, as the project was self-directed and mostly independent. I always thought I was behind, and it really made me doubt my abilities and timeliness. However, I learned not to be as harsh on myself, even though we are our own worst critics. I once saw a quote that said, “Make it exist first, then you can make it good,” or something along those lines. That really resonated with the perfectionist in me because I am always so focused on the little details, like spacing and alignment, when I should really be focusing on the broader picture.

4. What did you learn about the creative and production process?

If you don’t already know, the creative process has three phases: pre-production, production, and post-production, also known as the three P’s. What I learned is that you just need to trust the process. There will be some bumps and hiccups along the way, but that is to be expected, as no one is perfect and is bound to make mistakes. You also have to remember that you are still a student, so you're still learning; it’s okay to make mistakes. From planning to execution, every phase of the process is vital, but the bulk of your project will be the production phase. During the production phase, it took me approximately one to three days to work on the lo-fi wireframes and five days to complete the hi-fi wireframes and prototype together. I learned to be patient with myself and the process. Locking in wasn’t easy, but once I was in the zone, nothing could stop me, not even hunger.

5. What advice would you give new senior capstone students?

My advice is to get started as soon as possible and really plan ahead. The pre-capstone is essentially your blueprint for your project, which is necessary for any project. You really need to thoroughly and thoughtfully consider what your project entails, including the specifics for each phase, or at least a general outline. Also, make sure to have backup plans in case your original plan doesn’t work out, like me. My backup plan was to create a website prototype, since I saw other classmates doing the same. Ergo, at least have a plan A and a plan B. The more plans you have, the better prepared you are, and you have more options to choose from. Also, be truly interested and passionate about your research topic. Additionally, I suggest delivering something you’re familiar with, so that you’re not just learning an entirely new skill from the beginning. It’s good to challenge yourself, but the final product may not turn out as you wanted.

6. Where to now?

After graduation, I was referred to work for the local Hawaiian government as a web designer. I still need to follow up with them if the offer still stands. Regardless, I plan to work in-house at a local or remote company, at a local or remote agency, or as a freelance web designer. I dream of working at top companies like Google, Microsoft, or Adobe. If all else fails, I could start up my own web design studio called "Webko," meaning "my web(site)" in Ilokano. I am trying to apply to as many jobs as possible, but I want to focus on graduating first.

Here’s a TL;DR (too long; didn’t read) version:

Initial Beliefs: AI won't fully replace human designers due to a lack of empathy, but I felt that I was inexperienced and wouldn’t win. In the end, I triumphed.

Current View: AI can be a brainstorming tool, but it shouldn't replace the designer's personal touch and creative vision.

Project Experience: Faced challenges but ultimately reduced project scope, which made it more manageable.

Personal Growth: Learned to be less harsh on myself and focus on completing work rather than perfecting details.

Creative Process Insights: Trust the three phases—pre-production, production, and post-production—and be patient with the process.

Advice for New Capstone Students: Start early, create detailed plans, have backup options, and focus on topics that genuinely interest you.

Future Plans: Seeking work as a web designer with hopes of joining major companies or starting a freelance studio called "Webko."

"Don't be sad it's over, be happy it happened." - Dr. Seuss

Again, thank you for following me on this creative journey! I appreciate all of you. Good luck to everyone on their future endeavors! Peace ✌️

[justinspoliticalcorner]

S.P. Rogers at rePro-Truth:

The leaders, movers, and shakers of the New Right can't seem to make up their minds: ‘Do we love mothers, or do we punish them?’ A look at Project 2025’s 922-page policy blueprint for the next Republican presidential administration, titled Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise, reveals the juxtaposition of language promoting motherhood with language that conveys a real indifference to mothers’ wellbeing and a contempt for motherhood that exists outside of a particular ideal. Project 2025’s Mandate for Leadership refers to the choice to become a mother as an act of “heroism” (p. 6). However, the policies within the document (1) work in service of government-mandated motherhood in which mothers’ decisions, options, and resources are severely restricted; (2) are aimed toward forcing mothers into conformity with a rigid framework of motherhood based on Victorian Era sensibilities; and (3) effectually punishes motherhood that exists outside of the Victorian Era ideal. Hence, the few, lofty words extolling mothers and motherhood that are found in Project 2025’s Mandate for Leadership exist in sharp contradiction with its policy goals. The result is a noticeable incoherence, showcasing the incongruity between the New Right's nostalgic Victorian ideal and the real world, as it truly exists, with all its complexities.

[...]

The New Right's motherhood ideal exists in the context of the imagination's nostalgia for a mythical past, one which can be described as a combination of eternal sunshine, financial stability and upward mobility, Victorian Era social and sexual sensibilities, and The Donna Reed Show. Hence, Project 2025’s Mandate for Leadership seeks to effectuate this perfect, mythical past in the here and now, privileging a strict, patriarchal power structure within the family and wider society. As such, it's the job of policymakers to “restore the American family” (p. 4) to this mythical past. In this idealized past, marriage is always “the ideal, natural family structure” (p. 489), regardless of individual circumstances, interpersonal violence, incarceration, the combustible incompatibility of partners, etc. Therefore, the policies put forth in Project 2025’s Mandate for Leadership are specifically designed to privilege the patriarchal family and to disadvantage families that exist outside of this framework, including through the use of the tax code (p. 4)

[...]

In several ways, the policies detailed in Project 2025’s Mandate for Leadership recreate some of the strains of the Victorian era on poor, working, and single mothers, all the while attempting to bottleneck women into an idealized motherhood framework.

🟩 Ending assistance for single mothers

For example, the Mandate for Leadership calls for replacing policies that provide assistance to single mothers with policies “encouraging” married motherhood (p. 316), leaving single mothers without assistance. When a government disadvantages single mothers, the government necessarily disadvantages their children as well. This policy also disadvantages married mothers who may need to leave a marriage for the safety of themselves and that of their children, as marriage here functions as the gateway to assistance.

🟩 Re-purposing child support

The New Right's child support policy likewise disadvantages single mothers, as well as at-risk women and children— and anyone else whom a patriarchal government would force into or to remain in a relationship to which they would not voluntarily belong. Project 2025’s Mandate for Leadership states, “Child support in the United States should strengthen marriage as the norm, restore broken homes, and encourage unmarried couples to commit to marriage” (p. 479). Because Project 2025 venerates marriage and its policies are designed to privilege marriage, no matter the costs to individuals, making sure a mother is married off to or remarries the father of her child - whether she wants to or not, whether it's healthy and safe for her be married to him or not - is key to the New Right's vision for “restoring[] the American family” to the greatness of its mythical past.

🟩 Redistributing other people's children

While stating that “all children have a right to be raised by the men and women who conceived them” (p. 489), Project 2025’s Mandate for Leadership also prioritizes family separation and the redistribution of other people’s children. Instead of supporting policies that assist people who are experiencing unplanned pregnancies to keep and raise their resulting children, the document’s policy regarding the needs of financially insecure mothers-to-be is to encourage these women to give the children they’ve carried for nine months over to strangers for adoption (p. 6). While adoption can be a blessing, in the context of unplanned pregnancy it is often “a path of constrained choice for those for whom abortion is inaccessible, or for whom parenthood is untenable.”11

🟩 Worsening the childcare crisis

In the same way that the New Right has failed to come to terms with the existence of single mothers and the dangers of domestic abuse, so too have they failed to come to grips with the existence of working mothers. The policies in Project 2025’s Mandate for Leadership regarding America's childcare crisis makes this abundantly clear. 

[...]

🟩 Increasing reproductive burdens

A mother’s ability to plan when and if to have another child is critical to her financial stability. However, Project 2025’s Mandate for Leadership seeks to restrict mothers’ access to high-quality methods of birth control. Instead, the policy document advocates for fertility awareness-based methods (FABMs) of family planning (p. 455), which lack the same high-quality research evidence as modern hormonal contraceptives and the success rate depends on consistent, dedicated adherence from both sexual partners.30 Fertility awareness-based methods of preventing pregnancy are often a luxury for working mothers, because they require extra time each day, for example, to feel one’s cervical mucus and chart its consistency, take and chart one’s temperature, etc. While FABMs may be the right choice for some people, they’re not right for others. [...]

“FABMS are also not recommended for persons who are unable to abstain or use other contraceptive methods during the fertile days or who are unable to negotiate the timing of intercourse.”38 Additionally, the Mandate for Leadership would limit where mothers can receive reproductive health care, and eliminate local access to low-cost community health centers (pps. 471-472). Mothers are economically, socially, and phisically disadvantaged when a patriarchal government limits their available options for preventing pregnancy and eliminates their access to affordable reproductive healthcare.

🟩 Disabling mothers

Project 2025’s Mandate for Leadership also punishes pregnant mothers experiencing serious pregnancy complications and miscarriages (pps. 455, 457-459, 473-474). The New Right’s elevation of embryonic and fetal life over and above the health and life of mothers is codified in the policy document. This includes removing federal EMTALA protections for mothers’ lives and health, allowing states to ban emergency, life-saving abortions. The New Right’s fetish for sacrificing women and their sadistic urge to leave women permanently disabled by denying them necessary healthcare could not be more evident.

Project 2025’s vision of motherhood is centered on the obsession of an idealized past depicted in Leave It To Beaver that centers on “traditional” marriage as the ideal familial structure, punishing single motherhood and other family forms.

[shiningthroughpcos]

Can I ask how the Nd:Yag machine can bypass melanin in the skin like you mentioned while still targeting the melanin in your hair?

Sure!! So we know that laser works through the principle we spoke about called selective photothermolysis. Basically, the wavelength of the Nd:YAG laser a much longer wavelength compared to other lasers like the Alexandrite (Thomas & Houreld, 2019.)

Melanin absorbs different wavelengths of light, and shorter wavelengths (like those used in Alexandrite lasers) are absorbed more strongly by melanin. This makes shorter wavelengths more effective for targeting hair in lighter skin tones but riskier for darker skin, as there's more melanin in the skin itself that could absorb the energy and cause burns or hyperpigmentation (Krasniqi et al., 2022.) This is where Nd:YAG comes in.......

Now because the Nd:YAG laser uses a longer wavelength, it penetrates deeper into the skin, past the epidermis (where our melanin is typically more concentrated) and targets the melanin in the hair follicle (Abdelrazek et al., 2023). This depth reduces the risk of surface skin damage, which is what makes it a safer option for people with darker skin types (Abdelrazek et al., 2023.) The machine itself cant tell the difference—it’s all about how the wavelength interacts with tissue.

Urbana. (2023, January 27). How lasers treat different skin types [Image]. https://www.urbana.ie/blog/what-is-the-success-rate-of-laser-hair-removal/

References

Abdelrazek, W., Moftah, N., & Hamdy, A. (2023). Clinical efficacy and safety of ND-YAG laser in hair reduction. Minia Journal of Medical Research, 0(0), 0-0. https://doi.org/10.21608/mjmr.2023.179655.1236

Krasniqi, A., McClurg, D. P., Gillespie, K. J., & Rajpara, S. (2022). Efficacy of lasers and light sources in long-term hair reduction: A systematic review. Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 24(1-5), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/14764172.2022.2075899

Thomas, M. M., & Houreld, N. N. (2019). The “in’s and outs” of laser hair removal: A mini review. Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 21(6), 316-322. https://doi.org/10.1080/14764172.2019.1605449

[usafphantom2]

When the SR-71 was getting low on gas, its crew members pressure suits started to warm up. So aboard the Blackbird the fuel was used as a heat sink. Here’s how.

SR-71 Blackbird crew members have said that they sometimes came down looking for a tanker, not so much because they were running out of gas but because their gas was getting too hot.

My Dad, Colonel Richard “Butch” Sheffield, SR-71 Blackbird Reconnaissance Systems Officer (RSO), wrote in his unpublished book “The Very First” that when they were getting low on gas in the SR-71, Blackbird crew members pressure suits started to get a little warm up. By contrast bringing on new fuel cooled them down. Aboard the SR-71 the fuel was used as a heat sink.

Everything about the SR-71 was complex yet incredibly engineered, so they have to find a way for the Blackbird to deal with the enormous amount of heat generated by its high-speed flight.

‘Flying at over Mach 3 is a thermal problem. Everything is too hot, including any air you slow down to interact with the vehicle. You are trying to make the vehicle (and the pilots inside) survive for hours in a pizza oven, while they are getting cozy with two 500 million BTU/hour flamethrowers,’ Iain McClatchie, an aviation and turbine engine expert, says on Quora.

When the SR-71 was getting low on gas, its crew members pressure suits started to warm up. So aboard the Blackbird the fuel was used as a heat sink. Here’s how.

‘When you look at a graph like this, your first impression might be that the vehicle is this glowing hot thing slicing through the icy -52 C air at 80,000 feet. So naturally, you think of the air as cooling the airplane down.

‘Not so much. The air has to change to the vehicle’s speed to touch the vehicle, and that requires work. That work heats the air. At Mach 3.2, the stagnation temperature of the air is 740 F, which is hotter than every (labelled) point on the above graph! (The nacelles around the engine afterburners, unlabelled, are in fact hotter than the air around them.)

‘I know, it seems unbelievable. Use this handy graph and see for yourself.

When the SR-71 was getting low on gas, its crew members pressure suits started to warm up. So aboard the Blackbird the fuel was used as a heat sink. Here’s how.

‘Basically, the shocks from the airplane heat the air around it, but the vehicle itself cools the air in contact with it down. Once the airplane passes by, all that disturbed air tumbles to a stop, leaving a path of hot air through the upper atmosphere.

‘So back to life in the pizza oven. The basic solution is (a) leave most of the airframe hot and make it out of stuff like titanium and stainless steel that are strong when hot, and (b) start with a large amount of cold fuel, and then dump heat from critical areas into the fuel before burning it. When decoupling from an aerial tanker, half the SR-71’s weight was fuel.

‘A special type of kerosene fuel, JP-7, was developed for the SR-71 to be good as a heat sink. It boils away at 285 C at 1 atmosphere pressure, which is the upper end of the kerosene range. When the plane tanked up at 30,000 feet, the kerosene might start below 0 C. At speed, it would be used to cool the avionics and cockpit, and by the time it arrived at the engine it would get up to 177 C. It was then used as hydraulic fluid for the various engine actuators, primarily the variable geometry nozzle. By the time it got to the fuel injectors it had gotten up to 316 C (but wasn’t boiling because it was at several atmospheres of pressure). At cruise the burner cans were at 330 kPa (about 3.3x the pressure at sea level), so the fuel still didn’t boil as it left the nozzles but the droplets would have evaporated very quickly.’

When the SR-71 was getting low on gas, its crew members pressure suits started to warm up. So aboard the Blackbird the fuel was used as a heat sink. Here’s how.

McClatchie continues;

‘JP-7 is mostly a mix of hydrocarbons centered around C12H26 (dodecane). The graph above shows the vapor pressure of dodecane as a function of reciprocal absolute temperature. That makes it a bit hard to read. 0.0024, for instance, is 417 Kelvin which is 143 Celsius. Liquids start to boil when their vapor pressure is greater than the ambient pressure. I’ve labelled the boiling point of dodecane at 2900 Pa, which is the absolute pressure at 80,000 feet, and 13000 Pa, which is the minimum absolute pressure in the SR-71 fuel tanks. Note that the dodecane component of JP-7 starts to boil at 162 C at sea level… quite a bit less than the advertised 285 C which is actually when the stuff boils away completely.

‘The flash point of JP-7 is 60 C. The fuel was held in tanks whose walls were formed of the skin of the vehicle. Since fuel vapor against the top skin of the vehicle would be well over 60 C during cruise, if air was allowed in any ignition source in the tank would cause a deflagration and destruction of the vehicle. Instead, nitrogen gas from a 260-liter liquid nitrogen dewar was used to pressurize the tanks. This would have mostly been an issue during descent, when the ambient pressure rose and extra gas was needed to fill the tank ullage space.

‘But nitrogen gas fill was not enough. The fuel was heated in the tank by the bottom surface of the vehicle, just as water in a pot is heated by the flame on a stove. In this case the fluid was over a meter deep in the tank and consequently took longer than a pot does to boil. At ambient cruise pressure the fuel would have begun to simmer in the tanks at 116 C. By pressurizing the tank to 10 kPa over ambient, the tolerable tank temperature rose by 33 C. This temperature limit put a time limit on how long the SR-71 could stay at cruise before it began to lose fuel to boiling.

Blackbird Pilot explains why the SR-71 had to refuel right after takeoff (and it’s not because it leaked fuel)

‘The fuel pumps in the tanks raised the fuel pressure so that boiling was no longer a problem once in the fuel system. The limit of how much heat could be absorbed by the fuel was rather set by it’s coking temperature — the temperature at which the fuel begins to deposit varnish on the interior of whatever plumbing it is in. I don’t have a specific number on JP-7, but it must be higher than 316 C. There was another experimental hydrocarbon blend developed, called JP-900, which resists coking up to 482 C. This was intended for a higher speed vehicle that was never built.

‘They were not able to get the wind tunnel behavior to match the actual behavior of the airplane. Kelly Johnson speculated that this was because during cruise, the fuel sitting against the lower skin of the fuselage and inner wing kept that portion of the airframe cooler than the upper skin. This caused the vehicle to bow from the differential temperature expansion, which would have made the wings slightly anhedral and would have made the vehicle unstable in roll.’

McClatchie concludes;

SR-71 print

This print is available in multiple sizes from AircraftProfilePrints.com – CLICK HERE TO GET YOURS. SR-71A Blackbird 61-7972 “Skunkworks”

‘Heating of the fuel while in the tanks caused yet another problem. As I said earlier, the engines can take the fuel at a maximum temperature of 177 C. So as the fuel in the tanks heats up, it’s ability to absorb heat on the way to the engine decreases. Flight crews have said that they sometimes came down looking for a tanker, not so much because they were running out of gas but because their gas was getting too hot.

‘Using fuel as a heat sink is common in fast jets. The Concorde did it, the F-15, F-16, F-18, F-22, and F-35 do it, and probably all other supersonic aircraft.’

Be sure to check out Linda Sheffield Miller (Col Richard (Butch) Sheffield’s daughter, Col. Sheffield was an SR-71 Reconnaissance Systems Officer) Facebook Pages Habubrats SR-71 and Born into the Wilde Blue Yonder for awesome Blackbird’s photos and stories.

[she-toadmask]

POKEMON LEGENDS ARCEUS: THE SHINY COLLECTION

I caught at least 2 other shiny Wurmple and 1 shiny Zorua that I gave to my amica. They think that's all I gave them but I can't be sure.

I also have failed I think 5 shinies? I think a Starly, a Clefairy, a Cleffa, a Drifloon, and a Murkrow. I might have failed another I didn't notice but the Murkrow is the only one I'm really unhappy about since I haven't found one since. Maybe a Chansey and a Finneon. Maybe something else.

I have counted all my shinies, and the number of shinies I currently own from obtaining in Legends Arceus at 516 hours?

316.

Breakdown below the cut because holy shit

Dartrix x1

Decidueye x1

Cyndaquil x1

Oshawott x1

Dewott x1

Bidoof x8

Bibarel x3

Starly x6

Staravia x4

Staraptor x2

Shinx x2

Luxio x2

Luxray x3

Wurmple x3

Silcoon x2

Beautifly x1

Cascoon x1

Dustox x1

Ponyta x2 (free one not included)

Rapidash x1

Eevee x3

Zubat x4

Golbat x1

Crobat x1

Drifloon x3

Drifblim x3

Kricketot x4

Kricketune x2

Buizel x3

Floatzel x1

Burmy x1

Mothim x3

Geodude x2

Graveler x4

Golem x1

Stantler x2

Wyrdeer x1

Paras x4

Parasect x2

Abra x1

Kadabra x1

Alakazam x1

Monferno x1

Infernape x1

Buneary x3

Lopunny x1

Psyduck x4

Golduck x3

Combee x3 (all male)

Scyther x2 (will get Kleavor and Scizor when I have enough for all 3)

Heracross x1

Mime Jr. x1

Mr. Mime x1

Aipom x4

Ambipom x2

Magikarp x4

Gyarados x1

Shellos West Sea x1 (pink)

Shellos East Sea x2 (blue)

Gastrodon West Sea x1

Gastrodon East Sea x1

Overqwil x2

Happiny x2

Chansey x2

Blissey x1

Budew x1

Roselia x1

Roserade x1

Carnivine x3

Petilil x1

Lilligant x1

Tangela x3

Tangrowth x1

Barboach x1

Whiscash x2

Croagunk x3

Toxicroak x1

Ralts x4 (ALL FEMALE)

Kirlia x3 (ALL FEMALE)

Gardevoir x1 (CAUGHT AS A GARDEVOIR MALE)

Gallade x1 (TOOK FOREVER TO GET A MALE RALTS FFS)

Yanma x4

Yanmega x2

Male Hippopotas x1

Female Hippopotas x2

Male Hippowdon x2

Female Hippowdon x1

Pachirisu x1

Stunky x2

Skuntank x2

Teddiursa x1

Goomy x1

Sliggoo x1

Goodra x1

Onix x1

Steelix x1

Rhyhorn x3

Rhydon x2

Rhyperior x1

Bonsly x3

Sudowoodo x1

Lickitung x2

Lickilicky x1

Togepi x1

Togetic x1

Turtwig x1

Grotle x2

Torterra x1

Gastly x2

Haunter x2

Gengar x1

Honchkrow x1

Spheal x2

Sealeo x2

Walrein x1

Skorupi x2

Drapion x1

Growlithe x2

Arcanine x1

Glameow x3

Purugly x1

Machop x3

Machoke x2

Machamp x1

Dusclops x2

Dusknoir x1

Piplup x1

Prinplup x3

Empoleon x2

Mantyke x1

Mantine x1

Basculin x4 (do plan on evolving some)

Vulpix x2

Ninetales x2

Tentacool x1

Tentacruel x1

Finneon x1

Lumineon x1

Magby x1

Magmar x2

Magmortar x1

Total In-Game Shinies: 312

Bronzor x4

Bronzong x1

Elekid x2

Electabuzz x3

Electivire x1

Gligar x1

Gliscor x1

Gible x2

Gabite x1

Garchomp x1

Nosepass x1

Voltorb x1

Electrode x1

Rotom x1

Chimecho x1

Misdreavus x1

Mismagius x1

Cleffa x1

Clefairy x2

Clefable x1

Hisuian Sneasel x1

Snorunt x1

Glalie x1

Froslass x1

Swinub x4

Piloswine x1

Mamoswine x1

Bergmite x1

Avalugg x1

Snover x2

Abomasnow x2

Zorua x1

Zoroark x2

Riolu x1

Lucario x1

Unown P x1

Total considering this: 316

Pokemon in Home:

Alolan Decidueye

Kalosian Avalugg

Kalosian Sliggoo

(Will get Unovan Lilligant I have the Petilil in Scarlet I just haven't bothered)

The free Ponyta

Honorable mentions:

2 shiny Gible from Scarlet

1 shiny Bonsly from Scarlet

1 shiny Bronzor from Scarlet

1 shiny Abomasnow from Scarlet

1 shiny Riolu when I was doing a random breed for dex in Shining Pearl

1 shiny Drapion when I went back to mess around with wormholes in Ultra Sun

Why I couldn't get more mons I didn't already have from PLA is beyond me.

[datascience-2023]

Developing a Research question and creating personal codebook. Week 1 Homework

Upon reviewing the codebook for the NESARC study, my focus is primarily on alcohol abuse. I plan to utilize several variables, including the frequency and intensity of alcohol consumption, demographic factors, and lifestyle factors. Additionally, I intend to incorporate all relevant variables into my personal codebook for this research. I have printed following pages, 30,46,77, 125, 299, 316 so far and will print more as needed.

My topic is, “Association between alcohol abuse and chronic depression.”

While alcohol abuse serves as a solid initial focus, I recognize the necessity of clarifying my specific interests within this domain. After careful consideration, I find myself particularly intrigued by the relationship between the amount of alcohol consumed and the development of alcohol dependence. To facilitate this exploration, I augment my codebook to include variables that capture alcohol levels, such as frequency and intensity of alcohol consumption, as well as quantity and frequency. My second topic of interest revolves around the question, "What is the threshold at which a person becomes alcohol dependent?"

The article, “Alcohol consumption and major depression in the general population: the critical importance of dependence” emphasizes on the relationship between alcohol consumption and major depression. It is based on a longitudinal study of a large population cohort in Canada over 12 years. It evaluates different patterns of alcohol use and major depressive episodes (MDEs) using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form (CIDI-SF). The study found that respondents with alcohol dependence were at higher risk of MDE, but any alcohol consumption, exceeding guidelines for moderate drinking and binge drinking were not Respondents with MDE showed no increase of alcohol consumption, but the risk of alcohol dependence was elevated in depressed men.

The second article titled "Gender Differences in the Relation between Depressive Symptoms and Alcohol Problems: A Longitudinal Perspective" investigates the longitudinal relationship between depressive symptoms and alcohol problems, specifically focusing on gender differences. The study aims to clarify and extend previous research by examining whether depressive symptoms predict subsequent alcohol problems for females, while alcohol problems predict subsequent depressive symptoms for males. Overall, the study adds to the existing literature on the comorbidity of depression and alcohol problems and underscores the significance of considering gender-specific factors in understanding these relationships. It encourages further research in this domain to provide more comprehensive insights into the dynamic interplay between depressive symptoms and alcohol problems over time.

References:

Bulloch, A., Lavorato, D., Williams, J. & Patten, S. (2012). Alcohol consumption and major depression in the general population: the critical importance of dependence. Depress Anxiety, 29(12), 1058. 10.1002/da.22001.

Moscato, B. S., Russell, M., Zielezny, M., Bromet, E., Egri, G., Mudar, P., & Marshall, J. R. (1997). Gender Differences in the Relation between Depressive Symptoms and Alcohol Problems: A Longitudinal Perspective. American Journal of Epidemiology, 146(11), 966-974.

There is a positive association between alcohol abuse and chronic depression. Individuals who engage in higher levels of alcohol abuse, as indicated by increased frequency and intensity of alcohol consumption, are more likely to experience chronic depression compared to those with lower levels of alcohol abuse.

[giacongchunoiqc]

Làm bảng ăn mòn kim loại cần lưu ý điều gì để sử dụng lâu bền ngoài trời?

Bảng ăn mòn kim loại là giải pháp được ưa chuộng trong các công trình ngoài trời nhờ tính bền bỉ, thẩm mỹ cao và không bị bong tróc theo thời gian. Tuy nhiên, để bảng giữ được chất lượng ổn định, không phai mờ, cong vênh hay gỉ sét, quá trình thiết kế và thi công cần đảm bảo nhiều yếu tố. Dưới đây là những điều cần lưu ý khi làm bảng ăn mòn sử dụng ngoài trời giúp bạn đầu tư hiệu quả và sử dụng bền lâu.

1. Chọn đúng chất liệu kim loại

Chất liệu là yếu tố then chốt quyết định độ bền của bảng ăn mòn kim loại . Nếu sử dụng ngoài trời, bạn nên chọn:

- Inox 304 hoặc inox 316: chống gỉ tốt, bền với nắng mưa, phù hợp cho môi trường khắc nghiệt như gần biển, khu công nghiệp.

- Nhôm: nhẹ, dễ thi công, tuy nhiên nên phủ thêm sơn tĩnh điện hoặc lớp bảo vệ để tăng độ bền.

- Đồng: đẹp, sang trọng nhưng dễ oxy hóa ngoài trời, cần phủ keo bóng chống xỉn nếu dùng ở vị trí hở.

Không nên chọn inox 201 hoặc kim loại rẻ tiền nếu bảng đặt nơi có độ ẩm cao vì dễ gỉ sét sau một thời gian ngắn.

2. Kỹ thuật ăn mòn và phủ bảo vệ

Kỹ thuật ăn mòn phải đảm bảo ăn sâu đều, nét khắc rõ và không bị lem sơn. Ngoài ra, bảng sau khi ăn mòn nên được xử lý bề mặt bằng:

- Phủ keo trong hoặc lớp chống oxy hóa: giúp giữ màu sơn, ngăn hơi nước thẩm thấu vào bề mặt khắc.

- Sơn 2K hoặc sơn UV: sử dụng cho bảng có màu sắc nổi bật, chống phai màu dưới ánh nắng.

- Lớp bảo vệ tốt sẽ giúp bảng duy trì vẻ đẹp và khả năng nhận diện thương hiệu trong nhiều năm.

3. Lưu ý về lắp đặt và vị trí sử dụng

Khi gắn bảng ăn mòn kim loại ngoài trời, nên tránh để bảng tiếp xúc trực tiếp với nước mưa đọng, hóa chất hoặc va đập mạnh. Một số cách bảo vệ bảng:

- Dựng bảng có mái che nếu được.

- Gắn bảng cách tường 1 – 2cm để tránh ẩm mốc từ tường ngấm ngược lên.

- Dùng ốc inox chống gỉ hoặc keo chuyên dụng để lắp, không dùng ốc sắt thông thường.

4. Làm bảng ăn mòn ngoài trời tại xưởng uy tín

Chất lượng bảng không chỉ phụ thuộc vào vật liệu, mà còn ở tay nghề gia công. Tại xưởng Vietnet, chúng tôi chuyên:

- Gia công bảng ăn mòn inox, đồng, nhôm theo yêu cầu

- Ăn mòn sâu – sơn nét – xử lý bề mặt chuyên nghiệp

- Cam kết bảng đẹp, bền, sử dụng ngoài trời từ 5–10 năm

- Báo giá nhanh trong 5 phút – hỗ trợ thiết kế miễn phí

Kết luận

Làm bảng ăn mòn kim loại ngoài trời cần cân nhắc kỹ về chất liệu, kỹ thuật gia công và cách lắp đặt để đảm bảo độ bền lâu dài. Đừng vì tiết kiệm chi phí ban đầu mà chọn sai vật liệu hoặc xưởng kém chất lượng. Hãy để Vietnet đồng hành cùng bạn với những sản phẩm bảng ăn mòn ngoài trời bền đẹp – thi công nhanh – giá xưởng trực tiếp.

Liên hệ ngay để được tư vấn và nhận báo giá chi tiết!

https://chuinoxvang.com/lam-bang-an-mon-kim-loai-gia-re-nhan-bao-gia-trong-5-phut.html

CÔNG TY TNHH DV QUẢNG CÁO VIETNET

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[rhianna]

The mystic test book;

Description

Tools

Cite thisExport citation fileMain AuthorRichmond, Olney H.Language(s)English PublishedChicago [The Temple publishing company] 1893. SubjectsCard games. Fortune-telling. NoteSupplemented by : Mystic test book Supplement. (p. [256]-316 : ill. ; 24 cm.) Published : Chicago : Temple Pub. Co., c1896. Call number : BF1878 .R5 Suppl. Physical Descriptionvii, [8]-255, [1] p. front. (port.) illus. 23 

[postsofbabel]

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[jfeindia]

Super Duplex Uns S32750 Fasteners

Super Duplex UNS S32750 Fasteners are high-performance fasteners made from Super Duplex Stainless Steel S32750. This alloy combines the properties of both austenitic and ferritic stainless steels, offering enhanced strength, exceptional corrosion resistance, and suitability for use in extreme environments. They are widely used in industries where both corrosion resistance and mechanical strength are crucial, especially in seawater and high-chloride environments.

🔩 Key Characteristics:

Material Grade: Super Duplex Stainless Steel UNS S32750

Type: A duplex (austenitic-ferritic) stainless steel alloy

Trade Names: SAF 2507, Alloy 2507

⚙️ Chemical Composition (Typical):

Chromium (Cr): 24–26%

Nickel (Ni): 6–8%

Molybdenum (Mo): 3–5%

Nitrogen (N): 0.24–0.32%

Iron (Fe): Balance

Manganese (Mn): ≤ 1.2%

Silicon (Si): ≤ 1%

Carbon (C): ≤ 0.03%

Phosphorus (P): ≤ 0.03%

Sulfur (S): ≤ 0.02%

🛡️ Corrosion Resistance:

Exceptional resistance to:

Pitting and crevice corrosion (especially in chloride-rich environments)

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC)

General corrosion in both acidic and alkaline conditions

Seawater and high-chloride environments, making it ideal for marine applications

Outperforms many common alloys, including 316 stainless steel and duplex S32205, in harsh chemical conditions

Excellent oxidation resistance at higher temperatures (up to around 300°C/570°F)

🔧 Mechanical Properties:

Tensile Strength: Typically ≥ 800 MPa (116,000 psi)

Yield Strength: Typically ≥ 550 MPa (80,000 psi)

Elongation: ≥ 25%

Hardness: Typically 250–300 HV (Vickers hardness)

Impact Toughness: High toughness at sub-zero temperatures

🔩 Common Fastener Types:

Super Duplex UNS S32750 bolts, nuts, washers, studs, screws, and other fasteners

Hex bolts, socket head screws, carriage bolts, and flange bolts

Can be made in various sizes and grades depending on the application

Available in both metric and imperial dimensions

🏭 Applications:

Oil & Gas: Subsea equipment, offshore platforms, pipelines, and wellheads exposed to seawater and high-pressure environments

Marine Industry: Fasteners for seawater pumps, marine equipment, and desalination plants

Chemical & Petrochemical: Piping systems, reactors, heat exchangers, and tanks where exposure to corrosive chemicals is expected

Food & Beverage Processing: Equipment exposed to aggressive cleaning agents and acids

Power Generation: Components exposed to high-chloride and high-pressure systems

🔍 Notes:

Super Duplex S32750 fasteners provide a better balance of strength and corrosion resistance compared to standard duplex steels.

Welding: It’s important to use proper welding procedures to avoid compromising the material's properties, especially when welding in the heat-affected zones.