#Battle of Guadalajara
Photo
Soldats italiens du Corps des Troupes Volontaires (CTV) – Bataille de Guadalajara – Guerre civile espagnole – Mars 1937
Photographe : Hans Georg von Studnitz
©Bundesarchiv - Bild 183-2006-1204-510
Le Corps des Troupes Volontaires (Corpo Truppe Volontarie) était le nom du corps expéditionnaire italien envoyé par Benito Mussolini en Espagne entre 1936 et 1939 pour soutenir le général Franco et les forces nationalistes durant la guerre d'Espagne.
#Avant-guerre#Pre-war#Guerre d'Espagne#Guerre civile espagnole#Spanish Civil War#Bataille de Guadalajara#Battle of Guadalajara#Armée Royale d'Italie#Royal Italian Army#Corps des Troupes Volontaires#Corps of Volunteer Troops#Corpo Truppe Volontarie#CTV#Espagne#03/1937#1937
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"Of the 25 skeletons studied, 23 showed marks compatible with violent death. These were mainly penetrating puncture wounds and blunt force injuries and were found on the parts of the body that were most vulnerable to and unprotected from the weapons of the time. “We observed many lesions on the upper part of the skull, the cheeks and the inner part of the pelvis, which is consistent with the hypothesis that we are dealing with warriors,” explains Rissech. It was by studying the bone proportions that she realised that among the warriors there was a woman.
Typically, the skeletons of men and women have specific characteristics that differentiate them. “The morphology of the facial bones and the pelvis, are the most obvious examples,” explains Rissech. In some individuals, these characteristics may not be decisive when it comes to determining sex, but in the case of these remains there was little room for error. Who was this woman? Was she part of the order? Did she have the same status as the other knights?
On the one hand, the woman’s injuries led the research team to believe that she participated and died in battle, as there was no sign of bone regrowth in her injuries. “She may have died in a manner very similar to that of male knights, and it is likely that she was wearing some kind of armour or chain mail,” says Rissech. On the other hand, she did not have the same dietary indicators as some of the individuals analysed: “We observed a lower level of protein consumption in the case of this woman, which could indicate lower status in the social group,” he says. Some researchers have hypothesised that she was a servant who would have been called upon to join the knights in defending the castle if the need arose, but the URV researcher does not think so: “Her work as a servant would have left signs on her bones, indicators of certain types of physical activity that we could now identify”.
In contrast, her skeleton did show attributes similar to those of the other warrior monks, whose job required them to train in the use of the sword, an activity that leaves verifiable marks which were also observed on the woman’s bones. “I believe that these remains belong to a female warrior, but further analysis is needed to determine to what extent this woman is contemporary with the other knights”, says Rissech. According to the researcher, we should picture her as a warrior of about forty years of age, just under five feet tall, neither stocky nor slender and skillful with a sword."
#history#women in history#archeology#women warriors#warrior women#lady knights#spain#spanish history#12th century#15th century#historyblr#historical figures#women's history
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Marco Fabian, a talented soccer player originally from Guadalajara, Mexico, reflects on his remarkable journey from playing for the Mexican Olympic team to competing in two World Cups. He shares his experiences of achieving his childhood dreams and the emotional farewell he received from fans in Germany after a successful stint there. Despite facing challenges, including surgery and rehabilitation, Fabian emphasizes the importance of hard work, perseverance, and humility in achieving one's goals. His story is a testament to
following dreams and staying dedicated, no matter the obstacles.
From the bustling streets of Guadalajara to the grand arenas of the Bundesliga, this is the journey of Marco Fabián – a professional soccer player, Olympic gold medalist, and a true symbol of resilience. Watch how Marco faced down adversity, battling through soccer injuries to rise as a soccer legend, playing for teams like Eintracht Frankfurt, Chivas Guadalajara, and Empire Strykers in the MASL. His story is one of relentless determination, serving as a beacon of motivation for athletes, especially soccer players chasing their dreams in leagues like the Copa America and beyond.
In this inspirational sports video, you’ll discover what it takes to make it to the top of the world’s best soccer leagues, alongside icons like Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo. Whether you're recovering from a sports injury or striving to become the next Olympian, this powerful story will ignite your passion and drive to overcome any obstacle. Get ready for the ultimate soccer motivation and immerse yourself in the world of professional athletes who never quit.
Don't miss this motivational journey – because pursuing your dreams is worth every challenge.
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AFC Richmond Boys in love
As requested by @qquell, the Richmond boys when they’re in love, hope it lives up to expectations.
Roy Kent
He’s... something
Roy likes to check in with you, not because you make him but because he wants you to know what’s going on in his life and what he’s doing.
Roy plans all the dates.
He’s less quiet around you than he is around others.
He enjoys trying new things or going new places together, generally just stepping out of his comfort zone with you.
He also tends to get lost watching you doing anything. He could get lost watching you do laundry.
He also doesn’t share blankets because he’s “warm enough so there’s no need for a blanket, just snuggle up to me”
Jamie Tartt
Once he gets past the uncertainty of whether it’s really love, he’s just a little lovesick puppy.
He can be a little clingy most of the time but he means well.
He wants to know everything but not in a “who are you talking to? Where were you?” kinda of way, but in a “how was work? What did you do today?” kinda of way
It’s almost annoying how much of a puppy he is when he’s in love.
Nonstop talking and gushing about you.
Isaac McAdoo
Isaac gets stupid in love.
Literally. When he’s in love, there’s nothing stopping him from doing something. Zero connection to his brain.
If you text him ‘wanna do x tonight?’ 8/10 times he’ll reply within seconds and his answer is almost always ‘obviously’
There’s no point in having an ‘I love you more’ battle because he always ends it with ‘I love you more than Rolos’
He still fights you over the dumbest shit but at the end, he’ll just get this big shit eating grin and let you win.
Theirry Zoreaux
He asks for your thoughts on things a lot more after realizing he’s in love.
He’s an even bigger cuddler than before too.
He also just likes hearing you say you love him too
It’s a short jump from ‘wow, I’m in love with them’ to ‘wow, I wanna marry them.’
It’s really more of a step for him.
He says you’re worth more than any pair of Yeezys.
He even made room for your shoes in his closet,.
Richard Montlaur
Honestly? He’s not much different from before he fell in love.
Still just as sweet, just as romantic, just as loving, but it’s less over the top.
There are more cozy home dates together.
He doesn’t make a big show of getting rid of other women in his contacts but he does it. After all, why would he need any other woman’s number when he’s got you?
You were the last person to find out about him being in love with you. I mean it, he told literally everyone else before he told you.
He’s always got this look on his face like you hung the stars for him
Jan Maas
He doesn’t change much, he’s still the dutchman you fell in love with
His big romantic gesture was making room in his closet/dresser for you and room on his bathroom counter for your stuff.
Jan’s always got a goofy, lovey-dovey grin on his face now though.
He’s just happy to be in love.
Dani Rojas
Doesn’t change a bit.
Not even a little.
He’s so full of life and he just wants to experience all these new things with his new love.
He’s somehow even happier than he was before.
Opposite of Richard, he told you he loved you and now he’s telling everyone he meets.
He presents it as a fact about him.
“My name’s Dani Rojas, I’m from Guadalajara, and I love them.”
You are his pride.
Sam Obisanya
Sam drags you everywhere.
He really just wants to show you off to everyone, you’re his love.
He’s always sending little texts to let you know he’s thinking of you, especially when he’s away.
There’s lots of good morning and good night texts.
Tag Team: @bdffkierenwalker
#AFC Richmond#AFC Richmond Headcanons#Ted Lasso#Dani Rojas#Sam Obisanya#Jan Maas#Roy Kent#Jamie Tartt#Isaac McAdoo#Richard Montlaur#Thierry Zoreaux
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Holidays 6.7
Holidays
Anniversary of the Memorandum of the Slovak Nation (Slovakia)
Battle of Arica Day (Chile)
Beatles Day
Betamax Day
Croatian Diplomacy Day (Croatia)
Daniel Boone Day (Kentucky)
Dunmow Flitch Day
Father’s Day (Lithuania; Switzerland)
Festival of All Possible Worlds
Financial and Economic Sector Workers Day (Kyrgyzt=stan)
Flag Day (Peru)
Fleur-de-Lis Day
International Supply Chain Specialists Day
International Tourettes Awareness Day
Journalist Day (Argentina)
June Bug Day
Kataklysmos (Flood Festival; Cypress)
Land O’Lakes Day
Liberation Day (Norway)
Lime Tree Day (French Republic)
Love Island Day (UK)
Mother’s Day (France; French Antilles)
National Alexandra Day
National Arc Flash Awareness Day (UK)
National Benjamin Day
National Blepharoplasty Day
National CAPHPACH Day (a.k.a. National Citizens Against Police Harassment Police Against Citizen Harassment Day)
National Elias Day
National Goonies Day
National Journalist Day (Argentina)
National Military Working Dog Day (Australia)
National Oklahoma Day
National RV Day
Prince Day
Prince Joachim Day (Denmark)
Sette Giugno (Malta)
Shirone Takogassen (Kite Fighting Festival; Japan)
Sir Randol Fawkes Day (a.k.a.Labour Day; Bahamas)
607 Day
Trial Technology Day
Union Dissolution Day (Norway)
VCR Day
Vivien Kellems Memorial Day
World Caring Day
World Day for the Sanctification of Priests
World Day of Birth Rights
World Hemochromatosis Day
World LPG Day
World Swift Day
Write to Your Father Day
Food & Drink Celebrations
Bartender Day
National Chocolate Ice Cream Day
World Food Safety Day
World Poha Day
Independence & Related Days
Anniversary of the Memorandum of the Slovak Nation (Slovakia)
Erephisian Technocracy (f.k.a. Orbis; Declared; 2005) [unrecognized]
Norway (from Sweden, 1905)
Parliament Day (Northern Ireland)
Temotu Province Day (Solomon Islands)
1st Friday in June
Action Mesothelioma Day (UK) [1st Friday]
Clean Air Day (Canada) [1st Friday]
European Dental Technicians Day [1st Friday]
Flashback Friday [Every Friday]
Fry Day (Pastafarian; Fritism) [Every Friday]
Horseradish Weekend begins [1st Friday]
Hospitals Against Violence Day [1st Friday]
Hug an Atheist Day [1st Friday]
International Socks4Docs Day [1st Friday]
National Banana Split Weekend (Begins 1st Friday]
National Day Against Gun Violence (Canada) [1st Friday]
National Donut Day (a.k.a. National Doughnut Day) [1st Friday]
National Fish & Chip Day (UK) [1st Friday]
National Gun Violence Awareness Day [1st Friday]
National Lemonade Days begin [1st Friday]
National Wear a Jockstrap to Work Day [1st Friday]
Salvation Army Day [1st Friday]
Senior Race Day (Isle of Man) [1st Friday]
Weekly Holidays beginning June 7 (1st Full Week)
Shampoo Week (thru 6.13)
Superman Week (thru 6.9)
Wear Orange Days [thru 6.8]
Festivals Beginning June 7, 2024
Action in Jackson (Jackson, Wisconsin) [thru 6.8]
Bloodroot Ramble (Healdsburg, California) [thru 6.8]
Cajun Heritage Festival (Larose, Louisiana) [thru 6.9]
Capital Jazz Fest (Columbia, Maryland) [thru 6.9]
Children KinoFest (Kyiv, Ukraine) [thru 6.16]
Fan Expo Dallas (Dallas, Texas) [thru 6.9]
Farmington Strawberry Festival (Farmington, Iowa) [thru 6.9]
Flemington Opa Festival (Flemington, New Jersey) [thru 6.9]
Fredericksburg Craft Beer Festival (Fredericksburg, Texas) [thru 6.8]
A German Sommerfest (Lancaster, Texas) [thru 6.8]
Gheens Bon Mange' Festival (Gheens, Louisiana) [thru 6.9]
The Great New York State Food & Wine Festival (Clayton, New York) [thru 6.9]
Greek Festival (Randolph, New Jersey) [thru 6.9]
Grove City Strawberry Days (Grove City, Pennsylvania) [thru 6.9]
Guadalajara International Film Festival (Guadalajara, Mexico) [thru 6.15]
Hartford Taste (Hartford, Connecticut) [thru 6.8]
Huntington Trails Beer and Wine Festival (Huntington, Indiana)
International Documentary Film Festival Artdocfest (Tbilisi, Georgia) [thru 6.9]
International Horseradish Festival (Collinsville, Illinois) [thru 6.8]
Lander Brew Fest (Lander, Wyoming) [thru 6.8]
Lincoln Square Greek Fest (Chicago, Illinois) [thru 6.9]
Norfolk Harborfest (Norfolk, Virginia) [thru 6.9]
Orange Warsaw Festival (Warsaw, Poland) [thru 6.8]
Pork Rind Heritage Festival (Harrod, Ohio) [thru 6.8]
Rhubarb Fest (Aledo, Illinois) [thru 6.8]
Rock am Ring (Nürburg, Germany) [thru 6.9]
Rosedale Strawberry Festival (Rosedale, Indiana) [thru 6.9]
South Dakota BBQ Championships (Huron, South Dakota) [thru 6.8]
Strawberry Festival (Forestville, New York) [thru 6.9]
Strawberry Festival (Hartford, Michigan) [thru 6.8]
Strawberry Festival (Mystic, Connecticut) [thru 6.8]
Sundance Solstice Festival (Anchorage, Alaska) [thru 6.9]
Taste of Charlotte (Charlotte, North Carolina) [thru 6.9]
Taste of Muskegon (Muskegon, Michigan) [thru 6.8]
Taste of Syracuse (Syracuse, New York) [thru 6.8]
Up North Beerfest (Eagle River, Wisconsin) [thru 6.8]
Walleye Weekend (Fond du Lac, Wisconsin) [thru 6.9]
WHITE SQUARE International Advertising and Marketing Festival (Minsk, Belarus)
Wimborne Minster Folk Festival (Wimborne Minster, United Kingdom) [thru 6.9]
Feast Days
Amazing Mumford (Muppetism)
Antonio Maria Gianelli (Christian; Saint)
Antony of Gianelli (Christian; Saint)
Captain Jack Sparrow Impersonation Day (Pastafarian)
Charles Rennie Mackintosh (Artology)
Chief Seattle (Lutheran Church)
Colmán of Dromore (Christian; Saint)
Commemoration Day of St John the Forerunner (Armenian Apostolic Church)
Damien Hirst (Artology)
Edtors’ Day (Church of the SubGenius)
Flowers Day (Starza Pagan Book of Days)
Gottschalk (a.k.a. Godeschalc, Prince of the Western Vandals; Christian; Martyr)
Gwendolyn Brooks (Writerism)
Judgment Day (Leaping Songs; Shamanism)
Landulf of Yariglia (Asti; Christian; Saint)
Lanfranc (Positivist; Saint)
Louise Erdrich (Writerism)
Ludi Piscatorii (Ancient Rome)
Meriadoc (Christian; Saint)
Meriasek (Christian; Saint)
Paul I of Constantinople (Christian; Saint)
Paul Gauguin (Artology)
Robert of Newminster (Christian; Saint)
Marie-Thérèse de Soubiran La Louvière (Christian; Blessed)
Pioneers of the Episcopal Anglican Church of Brazil (Episcopal Church (USA))
Smilin’ Ed (Muppetism)
Vestalia begins (until 15th; Old Roman festival to Vesta, goddess of the hearth, home & family)
Vulfagius (a.k.a. Wulphy; Christian; Saint)
Willibald (Christian; Saint)
Christian Liturgical Holidays
Sacred Heart Day [Friday after 2nd Sunday after Pentecost; 68 days after Easter] a.k.a. ...
Divine Compassion of Christ (Anglican Franciscans)
Feast of the Sacred Heart (Roman Catholic)
Sagrado Corazon (Colombia)
Solemnity of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus (f.k.a.)
Lucky & Unlucky Days
Butsumetsu (仏滅 Japan) [Unlucky all day.]
Perilous Day (13th Century England) [19 of 32]
Umu Limnu (Evil Day; Babylonian Calendar; 26 of 60)
Premieres
Alexander’s Ragtime Band, recorded by Arthur Collins & Byron G. Harlan (Song; 1911)
Captain Fantastic and the Brown First Cowboy, by Elton John (Album; 1975)
City Slickers (Film; 1991)
Cloak & Dagger (TV Series; 2018)
Dark Phoenix (Film; 2019)
The Day of the Jackal, by Frederick Forsyth (Novel; 1971)
Dance of the Weed (MGM Cartoon; 1941)
Dinky Finds a Home (Terrytoons Cartoon; 1946)
Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood (Film; 2002)
Don’t Tell Mom the Babysitter’s Dead (Film; 1991)
El Dorado (Film; 1967)
Face/Off (Film; 1997)
Feedin’ the Kiddie (Tom & Jerry Cartoon; 1957)
Fields of Gold, by Sting (Song; 1993)
Ghostbustrs (Film; 1984)
The Goonies (Film; 1985)
Grease (Broadway Musical; 1972)
Green Lantern: Emerald Knights (WB Animated Film; 2011)
The Hasty Hare (WB LT Cartoon; 1952)
The Heat of the Day, by Elizabeth Bowen (Novel; 1948)
High School Confidential (Film; 1958)
The Honourable Schoolboy, by John le Carré (Novel; 1977)
Horse’s Mouth, by Joyce Cary (Novel; 1950)
I Am Mother (Film; 2019)
The Johnny Cash Show (TV Series; 1969)
Jungle Fever (Film; 1991)
Kim Possible (Animated TV Series; 2002)
Mr. Fore by Fore (Phantasies Cartoon; 1944)
Mr. Money Gags (Noveltoons Cartoon; 1957)
The Mummy (Film; 1999)
Old McDonald Had a Farm (Noveltoons Cartoon; 1946)
The Old Rugged Cross, by George Bennard (Christian Hymn; 1913)
Peep in the Deep (Fleischer/Famous Popeye Cartoon; 1946)
Perfect (Film; 1985)
Peter Grimes, by Benjamin Britten (Opera; 1945)
Post, by Björk (Album; 1995)
The Producers (Film; 2002)
Purple, by Stone Temple Pilots (Album; 1994)
Rabbit Stew and Rabbits Too! (WB LT Cartoon; 1969)
The Rock (Film; 1996)
Salmon Loafer (Chilly Willy Cartoon; 1963)
A Satire of the Three Estates, by David Lyndsay (Play; 1552)
The Secret Life of Pets 2 (Animated Film; 2019)
The Seven Deadly Sins of the Bourgeoisie, by Kurt Weill and Bertolt Brecht (Ballet; 1933)
Simple Man, by Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young (Song; 1970)
Squatter’s Rights (Disney Cartoon; 1946)
Vincent, recorded by Don McLean (Song; 1971)
What—No Spinach? (Fleischer Popeye Cartoon; 1936)
The Wily Weasel (Oswald the Lucky Rabbit Cartoon; 1937)
Wimmin is a Myskery (Fleischer Popeye Cartoon; 1940)
The Wise Little Hen (Silly Symphony Cartoon; 1934)
X-Men: Dark Phoenix (Film; 2019)
Today’s Name Days
Anita, Eoban, Gottlieb, Robert (Austria)
Valeri, Valeria (Bulgaria)
Antun, Radoslav, Robert (Croatia)
Iveta (Czech Republic)
Jeremias (Denmark)
Robert, Robi (Estonia)
Robert, Robin, Roope, Suvi (Finland)
Gilbert (France)
Anita, Gottlieb, Raimund, Robert (Germany)
Panagis, Sebastian, Zinais (Greece)
Róbert (Hungary)
Geremia, Landolfo, Roberto, Sabiniano (Italy)
Arnis, Gaida, Gijs (Latvia)
Lukrecija, Radvydė, Ratautas, Robertas (Lithuania)
Robert, Robin (Norway)
Antoni, Ciechomir, Jarosław, Lukrecja, Paweł, Robert, Roberta, Wiesław, Wisław (Poland)
Teodot (România)
Róbert (Slovakia)
Isaac, Roberto (Spain)
Robert, Robin (Sweden)
Theodot (Ukraine)
Keenan, Melody, Nidia, Nydia, Nylene, Whitney (USA)
Today is Also…
Day of Year: Day 159 of 2024; 207 days remaining in the year
ISO: Day 5 of week 23 of 2024
Celtic Tree Calendar: Huath (Hawthorn) [Day 27 of 28]
Chinese: Month 5 (Geng-Wu), Day 2 (Ren-Yin)
Chinese Year of the: Dragon 4722 (until January 29, 2025) [Wu-Chen]
Hebrew: 1 Sivan 5784
Islamic: 30 Dhu al-Qada 1445
J Cal: 9 Blue; Twosday [9 of 30]
Julian: 25 May 2024
Moon: 2%: Waxing Crescent
Positivist: 18 St. Paul (6th Month) [Lanfranc]
Runic Half Month: Odal (Home, Possession) [Day 14 of 15]
Season: Spring (Day 81 of 92)
Week: 1st Full Week of June
Zodiac: Gemini (Day 18 of 31)
Calendar Changes
Sīwān (a.k.a. Sivan, Siwan or Simanu) [סִיוָן / סיוון] (Hebrew Calendar) [Month 3 of 12]
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Over 200 cities have battled for dominance in the #cityrumble competitions, and now, in the final bout, the best of the best compete for the ultimate title of greatest city in the world! It's the final #cityrumble: #cityrumble All-Stars!
As always, the competitions will be linked below.
Liverpool v Quito
Boston v Sarajevo
Edinburgh v Istanbul
Minneapolis v Delhi
Tokyo v Kathmandu
Derry v Athens
Ho Chi Minh City v Mexico City
Timbuktu v Rio de Janeiro
Pittsburgh v New Orleans
Rome v Kyoto
Sydney v Sana'a
Havana v Cusco
Guadalajara v Barcelona
Chicago v Dubrovnik
Dublin v Anchorage
Singapore v Shanghai
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We have a returning citizen in Mount Phoenix:
Noel Yunuen, a 28 year old son of Acat.
He is a tattoo artist at Marimo Ink.
FC NAME/GROUP: Yoo Taeyang from SF9
CHARACTER NAME: Noel Yunuen
AGE/DATE OF BIRTH: 04.20.1995
PLACE OF BIRTH: Guadalajara, Jalisco
OCCUPATION: tattoo artist / rehabilitated(?) grave robber
HEIGHT: 189 cm
DEFINING FEATURES: black wavy hair with white streaks in, it's usually layered and kept short, though he toys with letting it grow back from time to time. he also has his fingers blacked out along with black bands circling up from his wrists to his shoulders and from his ankles to his thighs. Both his ears are pierced as well as his lower lip; he has the industrial, tragus, and orbital as well as small gauges to still be able to put earrings in. for the lip piercing, he has a labret in the shape of a black hoop hugging the entirety of his bottom lip. On the sides of his neck, right where it connects with his jaw, there are two small dahlia flowers: one peach and one red. His irises are quite particular and one would say one of his defining features, for they’re a jade green color resembling the ancient pieces of jade jewelry the Maya wore.
PERSONALITY: he’s unapologetically sarcastic though he mostly doesn’t mean any harm; coy glances and smug grins over a glass of blood wine are his signature, but he finds peace in listening to the reasoning behind a person’s tattoo - they’re sacred to him, so every detail that gets explained fills his jade eyes with tremendous joy. whether someone believes in him or not doesn’t bother him in the slightest, what matters is the passion they fill their ink with. to him, that someone thinks a piece of his artwork is worthy of being on their skin is the greatest honor and will treat any of his clients with the utmost respect, always attentive to their every need.
noel finds social gatherings incredibly amusing: he’s charming, eloquent and perhaps enjoys causing an impression on people a tad too much. he puts himself out there and he enjoys all the stares directed his way, be they in approval or in judgment, he basks in the attention that he gets just by being himself. addiction is no stranger to him, be it to substances or pain itself, he indulges in every sin known to mankind. it was a godly habit he had inherited from his godly father - acting as if he has the right to receive all the goods in the world.
HISTORY: “don’t come back too late. ya es tarde, mijo.”
he should’ve listened. soft whimpering filled the forest as small bare feet pushed their way through the dirt and leaves desperate to find their way back home. the sun had lost the battle and begun its descent down the horizon as the dark of night claimed the skies. he was lost. “nana…” the young boy whimpered out as he hid behind a tree, into wild bushes for protection for the creatures that preyed the ancient silence of time and the threats that plagued it. the forest was mischievous, playful… dangerous. it knew things, saw things - felt things and hid them and so it hid noel from the dangers of the nightly world. noel was different, you see; worship ran through his veins, painted his eyes the color of godly skin and gifted him nature as his reign. he was inkhearted, meant to bind and sacrifice for divinity in this mundane world and bring back the honor of the fallen gods and so the leaves led him to a hidden paradise - a place the pale demons couldn’t manage to corrupt.
hidden deep in the heart of the forest the tomb of many and temple of one remained dormant, waiting for when the time was right before opening the chest of forbidden memories for the heir to claim before his fate was set in those very temple stones, and then, in the gentle embrace of the morning sun he was taken by the hands that would shape his life. his grandmother was left behind, waiting by the edge of the woods for the boy she raised to return and he never did. noel didn’t know what became of her but she never left his thoughts, not once in the seven thousand, six hundred and sixty-five days did he not spare her a sigh to the wind. he felt unworthy of her forgiveness for his hands had learned to steal, to harm, to take and take without permission or redemption and consequence; though it was never his intention, the grave robbers that found him in the temple had taught him to survive in this world’s cruel claws.
with them, he found not only the shadows but also paradise on earth on their travels. he found his gifts, forbidden riches and even love; a love so vibrant it put whatever stolen masterpieces there were in museums to shame. it was a love that might’ve made even the gods jealous, so it ended and with it’s end came a new chapter in his life. one written in hellish deals and painted with blood, corrupting part of his soul with greed - he enjoyed ending and soon learned the taste of blood fueled his reach for new horizons and he had his eye set on one: Mount Phoenix.
PANTHEON: Mayan
CHILD OF: Acat
POWERS: paint/ink manipulation; he can manipulate paint and ink as if they’re an extension of his being. when mixed with his blood, they turn poisonous and can sting to the touch. through this he’s learned to solidify his blood with the ink in his skin into sharp blades for fighting in case he needs to. This power also allows the creation of moving paintings, they cannot be interacted with just observed. he often uses this to recreate memories he’s fond of, but can be applied to quite anything he feels like painting.
pain transferal; he can take someone’s pain and transfer it onto himself or onto someone else - doing the latter, however, weakens him greatly.
blessing/curse; his blessings come in the form of small painted flowers on the skin, their purpose is to make the blessed a bit happier, a bit luckier, a bit less lonely - his curses however are bleeding scars of wilted flowers, they’re a little hex of unluck and his brand for his targets.
STRENGTHS: pain; he has a high pain tolerance, almost to the point where if pain is too extreme his entire body goes numb. this often makes him feel euphoric and provides a boost of energy for a limited amount of time.
blood; blood sacrifices were a part of his father’s existence, they were offerings made to him and his kind to honor them, feed them, satiate their thirst and pay respects. drinking blood is part of his daily life and helps keep him healthy.
tattooing; being the son of the god of tattoos and scarification, doing either of the two activities strengthens him and his abilities.
WEAKNESSES: sunlight; just as direct sunlight can make a freshly made tattoo burn, his physical strength deteriorates whenever he stands outside during daytime. he can still walk, but his eyesight blurs and he feels constantly light headed. It’s manageable thought.
pain; a two edged sword - while also being one of his greatest strengths, being in pain for too long makes him behave erratically, almost as if in bloodlust.
blood; even if drinking blood regularly keeps him healthy, drinking too much will slowly drive him insane, potentially turning him into a cold blooded killer.
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Bullet train AU: Benicio's introduction bc I said so
also the point of views all fucked up so ignore it this is totally and uber unedited
Edit: i hate translations
Benicio was never the violent type. He was smart, someone you'd expect to work a 9-5 even. Maybe as an accountant or some office job. Not some underworld criminal business.
It's not like he meant to join that scene. He was literally trying to make ends meet, for his family.
But, you know, when your entire bloodline, the people you had been working so hard to provide for and take care of, get shot up, that kind of changes your perspective on things. So without anyone telling him he could do better than a life of crime, he steered right into it.
Working up the latter was something Benicio knew how to do. He'd done it since he became a worker for one of the biggest cartels in Latin America, the Sonora Cartel.
They'd been operating since the 80's, and were known to rub elbows with the likes of the Guadalajara cartel, Cali cartel, and TJ cartel. Most dues in part were because of la Patróna and el Patrón, the organization's founders. When la Patróna kicked the bucket and el Patrón retired, two of their sons became successors. They were known as el Jefe and el Segundo al Mando- at least, that's what they were known as among the workers.
El Jefe's the smart one. He takes care of damn near everything, making sure the trade was good and hot. He is a businessman, someone who knows exactly what he's talking about. Even if he doesn't, he carries that confidence until he does. Don't let his clean-cut look fool you though, he's more than comfortable getting his hands dirty, but a calculated man doesn't just go straight for the kill. He takes his time.
His brother- el Segundo al Mando, is less polished... less businessy, more brute. He takes care of the soldiers they have, and makes sure battle plans are solid. What he lacks in business, he makes up for in violence. He's temperamental, something out of a cliche even.
When Benicio first joined, he was a worker bee. Didn't do much besides carry a gun and help with shipments. He'd be the one to talk shop whenever the bosses weren't around or when the other workers didn't know what the fuck they were talking about.
"¿Cuánto?"
"Cuarenta y cinco kilos de piladoras, setenta kilos de cocaina." Benicio said, looking over the back of the open truck. [Forty-five kilos of pills, seventy kilos of cocaine.]
"Pedí cincuenta kilos, no cuarenta y cinco." The man grumbled. "¿Estás tratando de estafarme con 980,000 dólares?" He reached to get his gun out, but Benicio beated him to it. [I ordered fifty kilos, not forty-five. are you trying to scam me out of $980,000?]
"¿Necesito deletrearlo para ti? Si estás comprando cuarenta y cinco kilos de píldoras, y un kilo es 120,000, eso solo es 549,990." he waved his gun over to the truck before he pointed it back at him. "¿Lo entiendes? ¿O tengo que agregar una bala en la ecuación para que la entiendas mejor?" [Do I need to spell it for you? If you're buying forty-five pounds of pills, and a kilo is 120,000, that's only 549,990. Get it? Or do I have to add a bullet into the equation to make you understand it better?]
The man nodded, a fake smile plastered on his face. "No, no. Lo entiendo." He looked over to his men, his smile slowly dropping as he nodded over to the truck. "Consigue esa mierda." Snap. "¡Ahora!" [No, i understand. Get that shit, Now!]
By the time Benicio made it back to the hacienda, he had already crunched the numbers on the drive. He walked into the common room where el Jefe sat with a drink in hand. "El acuerdo fue exitoso. A veces la incompetencia se interpone en el camino." he said. [The arrangement was successful. Sometimes incompetence gets in the way.]
"Bueno, bueno," el Jefe nodded, Benicio took another step forward but stopped when he noticed a man sitting down as well. He was surprised to see el Jefe with a white man who looked scared out of his mind, wearing a DEA uniform.
El Jefe looked over to Benicio and nodded at him, "Benicio," he spoke. "There was an incident with Vada. You're familiar with her, right?"
Benicio nodded slowly. How could he not know Vada? She was practically the only person who treated everyone here with kindness, not like a worker. A bit spoiled, but how could she not be. She grew up with the wealth and protection of an internationally known organization.
"Well," el Jefe took a sip of his drink. "This, erm... DEA agent, was it? anyways, he was snooping around, grabbed her after school, then... why dont you tell him?" he told the agent.
The agent looked over to Benicio, then looked back to el Jefe, who nodded his head for him to speak. "We didn't do nothin' too bad, we, we just asked a few questions-"
"Then why did she come home with bruises?" el Jefe snapped. He was seething, something Benicio didn't have the displeasure to see often. "From what she tells me, you questioned her, hit her." Are you telling me shes lying?"
"No!" the man choked out. He was shaking now, like a pathetic chihuahua. el patrón looked up to Benicio, a rough smile on his face.
"Agítalo un poco. No lo maten, no queremos una situación de Miguel Félix, pero pateen su trasero y luego déjenlo en la oficina de la agencia DEA." el Jefe said as he stood up, leaving the two of them together. [Shake him up a little. Don't kill him, we don't want a Miguel Felix situation, but kick his ass and then leave him at the DEA's office.]
"Come with me." Benicio said. The man shook his head violently, inching away as if that would get him anywhere. Benicio sighed and grabbed the man, pulling him up.
He dragged the man outside to give him what he did to Vada tenfold. By the time he was done with the agent, no one would've ever known Benicio was the one who kicked his ass. He looked like he had just gone on a light jog... if you ignore the blood.
The agent, who laid bloody and barely conscious on the floor, groaned in pain. If Benicio stared at his face a bit more, he could see a tear streak. He kneeled beside him and roughly grabbed the agent by the hair, lifting his head to level below benicio's.
"You don't ever, ever, look for Vada again. Not you or your friends. I won't be so nice next time." He said, dropping his head and standing up. He reached into his pocket for a cigarette and lit one.
Benicio whistled at a nearby guard, who helped him shove the agent into the passenger side of a truck. Once he was in, he buckled the agent's seatbelt and drove off to the DEA office.
Benicio made sure to take pictures of the body in front of the office before heading back to the hacienda.
"Bien hecho," el Jefe complimented as he flicked throught the pictures on Benicio's point and shoot camera. "Sabes, no podría soportarlo si esto le vuelve a pasar a Vada. Ella es solo una niña. Ella siempre está haciendo para estar en peligro, esa es solo la mano con la que fue tratada." He looked over to Benicio. [Good work. You know, I couldn't stand it if this happens to Vada again. She's just a girl. She's always doing to be in danger, that's just the hand she was dealt with.]
"Eres un buen trabajador, un buen hombre. Piensa que es hora de que te promueva." [You are a good worker, a good man. Think it's time for me to promote you.]
And thats how he got the gig.
Benicio did his job very well. Being the bodyguard to the daughter of one of the worlds most successful cartel bosses wasn't easy, yet he was more then capable of keeping her safe.
There are exactly two problems in this equation. One arose when personal feelings became mixed like a bad cocktail. Benicio devoted himself to the boss's daughter, putting her safety and happiness over everything.
He had to be careful though. When he first took the job, he had heard of the man he was replacing. Someone his cared-for didn't like to talk about, so there wasn't much discussion about him, not even from his employers. All he knew was that he fucked up.
The second problem was keeping her safe against people he knew he couldn't do anything about. That being other drug lords such as business partners or worse, her father. It's typical, really. A violent man plus alcohol equals more violence. A baby could figure that out. Nonetheless, he'd try his best to get her away from harm's way.
It was on one of Benicio's only days off, something that he rarely took advantage of. El Segundo al Mando, told him that another soldier was to take over for the day.
"¿Quieres que me vaya? ¿Estás seguro?" Benicio asked,
brows furrowed. How could he leave when the hacienda was just shot up yesterday? Luckily his cared-for and he were out for the day, coming home to a mess. [You want me to leave? Are you sure?]
His boss scoffed. "El ataque de ayer fue solo un intento perrato de asustarnos." he barked. He didnt like it when he was questioned. "Raúl la está cuidando por el día. Vuelve mañana, okay? Cierra la puerta cuando te vayas." and with a wave of his hand, he dismissed Benicio, who only nodded and walked out the office. [The attack yesterday was a bitch attempt to scare us. Raul will take care of her for the day. Come back tomorrow, okay? Close the door when you leave.]
'That's bullshit. somethings not right.'
Benicio reluctantly left the hacienda, thinking of things to do before returning to work. Some may say his devotion was unhealthy, but compared to all the killing and drug trafficking and torturing he's done before, he'd rebuttal that it was the healthiest thing about him.
Look at him, thinking of her even on his day off.
Benicio hops in his car and drives away from the property. He could go home, or maybe catch a movie.
He settles on home, opting to take a long shower where he doesn't have to worry about being shot at. Benicio was good at keeping a low profile, which was one of the reasons why he was hired. The boss that hired him was away in Peru on a vacation with his wife, leaving behind the narcotics for a week, meaning that Benicio had to answer to his brother while he was gone, the less competent of the two... which is why the pad got shot up yesterday- but whatever..
In his bathroom plays a Rocio Durcal song as the warm water soothes his skin. He's relaxed, finally.
He reflects on the days prior. The threats, deal gone wrong, the fucking shooting. A hole sunk in his stomach. People knew el Segundo al Mando was significantly worse then el jefe, but they wouldn't be stupid enough to attack while Jefe was gone, right? Sure, Segundo al Mando was something to fear at the moment, but el jefe had a wrath that only the unluckiest people would unearth.
When Benicio finished his shower, he steps out and puts on some comfortable clothes. His home was comfortable too, nothing big or extravagant despite how much his paychecks came out to be. Like i said, he kept a low profile.
He walks over to the kitchen, looking to fix himself something to eat. A torta will do, whatever.
-timeship because i have no grace-
It's gotta be 4:30, 4:40 in the morning when the phone rings. Benicio's hand reaches for the device on his nightstand and answers it.
"Bueno..." He groggily speaks, eyes closed.
"La casa está bajo ataque, Raúl está trabajando con ellos. Él se la llevó." [The house is under attack, Raul is working with them. He took her away.]
His eyes shot open. Raúl took her? Where?
"Okay, I'm on my way." he quickly hangs up the phone and gets dressed while looking for his emergency bag. Once it slings across his back, he grabs his gun from his TV stand and heads for the car, hopping in and zooming off to the hacienda.
If the shooting from the day before was bad, coming to the aftermath of a full fledge attack was worse. Most of the damage was done with the opposing side fleeing or dead on the ground. Benicio recognizes a couple of familiar men on the floor as well, but he cant bring himself to focus on his colleagues.
He grabs his gun from the holster on his waist and takes the safety off, stealthily making his way over to the front doors.
Benicio scans the scene for any signs of opponents, any sign of Raul and Vada. His Vada.
He finds his way over to El segundo en comandos office, bursting in to see his boss tending to his wounds. His boss looks up, straight face with no signs of pain. Benicio doesnt even care for his boss, "¿Dónde está?" [Where is she?]
El Segundo al Mando rolls his eyes, "¿cómo lo sabría?" [How should I know?]
"¿Quién atacó?" [Who attacked?]
"alguna organización de mierda, no sé." He mutters quickly. He leans against his desk. After a moment, El Segundo al Mando speaks. "Estoy cansado. Resolveré todo mañana, iré a casa … o quédate aquí, lo que sea." [Some bullshit organization, I don't know. I'm tired. I'll figure everything out tomorrow. Go home… or stay here, whatever.]
Benicio would have half a mind to question him right now, so he doesn't. All he does is nod and leave, closing the door behind him. There are a million questions running through his mind right now, all of which are in regard to Vada, who must be terrified.
He knows hes going to find her- he has to. He doesnt know what his life would be like without her.
Benicio finds himself inside of Vada's room. There's no sign of struggle, in fact, its the same as he last saw it, it looks as though she even cleaned up a bit before everything happened. The pile of clothes on her bed was now folded. Not put away, but folded.
He looks around, searching for a bag. While doing so, he notices that her purse is gone. her prized snakeskin bag, the one she never went anywhere without, the one that she gave baths to. Out of all her bags, that one was by far her favorite.
Benicio tries to run the situation in his head. If she was cleaning in her room when the shots started and Raul took her, that means that she would've fought, no? If she didn't fight, that means she went willingly... maybe he lied to her, told her she would be safe with him. Either way, her bag is gone and she would kill someone for that bag, so either she has it or a dead body is in sight.
He grabs some clothes and shoves them in the bag. He figures that Raul didn't grab anything, so Benicio gets multiple items. After a sufficient amount of clothes, he then packs some shoes. He doesnt know what kind she has on right now, if she even has any on, so he gets her tennis shoes and heels. Why? He's not sure.
Benicio takes the bag to the kitchen where he stuffs it full of water bottles and Vada's favorite snacks. He doesn't grab anything else for now. Everything he needs is already in his car, so he waits out in the guest room and tries to sleep, knowing it'll be difficult to pull off.
--
Morning comes just as soon as night did, and Benicio walks over to el Segundo al Mando's office. He's definetely tired, but his hunger for Vada's safety matters more to him at the moment.
He comes up to the door, but hears two voices seemingly arguing. He pauses and tries to listen in, but the door is too thick, which makes it hard to hear what they're saying.
Knock.
"chingado... ¡Pasa!" [Shit... Come in!]
Benicio enters, nodding at his boss... whos with another person.
He's tall, not as tall as Benicio- who's 6'2 but definitely taller than any Mexican here so he assumes the man either is mixed or not Mexican at all. He's got a sort of rough demeanor about him, very dangerous but Benicio does not give a fuck. He's wearing a red button up, shit, he almost looks American. Benicio glances at the man before looking at his boss.
"Quien es?" [Who's this?]
"¿quién soy? ¿Quién coño eres?" The man's immediately on the defense. [Who am I? Who the fuck are you?]
"Gallo," His boss warns, and he immediately shuts up. "He's an... old worker from this division. He flew in from our California territory to check out the attack..."
Benicio nods. Okay, cool.
"He's also... going to help you find Vada."
Benicio can't stop the laugh that escapes him. "What? You're serious?"
"Yes, I'm serious."
"Right now, there's word on her disappearance, I heard all the way from California," Gallo stares el Segundo al Mando, "This is the perfect time for her to be taken by someone other than raul and use her for ransom or worse." he says.
Benicio agrees and looks over to his boss, who doesn't look happy. The tensions thick between the two.
"You guys can make your search, but I want to be very clear. I want no blood. Nothing that'll draw attention, unless they are trying to kill you, don't fucking kill them. We don't want the other organizations thinking we can't handle our business."
El Gallo scoffs, like what their boss had just said was a lie, and Benicio can't help but feel the same way. Somethings off, and they both know it.
"Now go. I have to make a call."
The two men nod and leave el Segundo al Mando to it.
El Gallo is quick to leave Benicio behind, walking towards the direction of Vada's room.
"Oye, where are you going." He says, following the man. He stops when El Gallo enters Vada's room and slams the door shut, locking it.
-ooo end credit scene-
The door slams shut, and when the footsteps dissipate into nothingness among the halls, that's when el Segundo al Mando pulls out his phone.
"Hey. Theres been another mishap. Dont worry about them, just get what i need you to get and meet at the location. I'll send someone with information, meet at the hotel I first sent information at."
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Castle of Zafra a.k.a the GOT! Tower of Joy
@asongofstarkandtargaryen
The castle of Zafra is located in the mountain range of Caldereros, in the province of Guadalajara (from Arabic, Wãd al-ḥaŷarah, river of stones, as a reference to the Henares river and its low flow, the city took the river's original name, but the city proper name was madīnat al-Faray, founded in the 8th century) in Castile-La Mancha. The castle belongs to the town of Campillo de Dueñas, of the judicial district of Molina de Aragón (it's 24 km away from the castle). The castle is 6 km away from Campillo de Dueñas, it's in the middle of nowhere, the closest town, Hombrados, is 5,3 km away from this castle. It's located at the eastern part of the province, very close to the border with Aragon.
Partially restored, parts of its walls battlemented can be appreciated, reinforced with towers at its corners. The aljibe (water cistern) is preserved under the parade ground, and the homage tower has a Gothic door with a pointed arch. Its interior has a spiral staircase that allows access to the upper terrace.
Since it appears mentioned in the first Fuero de Molina, granted by Manrique de Lara, it is supposed to have an Arab fortress origin. During the times of King Ferdinand III the Saint, the third lord of Molina, Gonzalo P��rez de Lara, rebelled against the monarch, took refuge in the castle. Given the impregnability of the castle, they had to agree to the Concordia de Zafra, by which the current Molina de Aragón would become part of the crown of Castile on the death of Don Gonzalo, losing its independent status.
An enigma for historians is the space delimited by the walls of the fortress, which hardly leaves room to deposit weapons or food stores. The hypothesis that there were large caves excavated in the rock on which the castle is built is considered.
It remained one of the strongest castles in the kingdom, which amazed everyone because of its difficult access (most likely climbing the rocks, although there's a theory that maybe there was a secret access to the castle through the aljibe), the ingeniousness of its entrance and the ability to house in a certain place -unknown today (perhaps inside the rock)- to more than 500 men.
The oldest known fortress on the site is believed to have been established by the Visigoths before 720. The Muslims also have a fortification here, which was used by the Taifa of Toledo.
There were three periods of taifas (in Arabic, طائفة ṭā'ifa, plural طوائف ṭawā'if, meaning "side" or "faction"). The first period started with thre decomposition of the Caliphate of Córdoba, after that several families took control of a piece of the broken caliphate, and it ended with the conquest of several of this taifas by the Almoravid Empire (an empire with capital in Marrakech that extended to present-day Western Sahara, Mauritania, Algeria, Morocco and the southern half of Portugal and Spain): the taifas were the ones from Almería, Silves, Lleida, Saltés, Arcos,Morón,Murcia,Alpuente, Albarracín, Badajoz, Carmona, Denia, Toledo, Tortosa,Valencia,Granada, Algarve, Huelva and Zaragoza. Although some of them were conquered between themselves.
When the Almoravid Empire ended around 1147, the second period of taifas started. Taifa during this period: Almería, Arcos, Badajoz, Beja & Évora, Carmona, Córdoba, Granada, Guadix & Baza, Jaén, Jerez & Ronda, Málaga, Mallorca, Mértola, Tavira, Murcia, Niebla, Santarém, Segura, Tejada and Valencia. Several of this taifas were conquered by the Almohad Empire (with capital in Tinmel and Marrakech, defeated the Almoravid Empire, extended to present-day Morocco, Southern Portugal and Spain, Northern parts of Algeria, Western Sahara and Tunis). The third period of taifas started between 1212 and 1229/1249 when the Almohad influence on the iberian peninsula weakened because of the defeat of the emir Muhámmad an-Násir, head of the empire (?,1179 or 1181- Rabat, Morocco, 1213) at the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212 by Alfonso VIII of Castile (Soria, November 11, 1155 - Gutierre-Muñoz, from Sunday 5 to Monday 6 October 1214), Sancho Fernández of León (?, 1185- Cañamero, August 25, 1220), Alfonso/Afonso II of Portugal (Coimbra, April 23, 1185 - Coimbra, March 25, 1223), Peter II of Aragon (Huesca, July, 1178 – Muret, September 13, 1213) and Sancho VII of Navarra (Tudela, April 17, 1154-Tudela, April 7, 1234). The taifas that were left: Sevilla, Jaén, Córdoba, Badajoz, Arjona, Baeza, Denia, Lorca, Málaga, Menorca, Murcia, Ceuta, Niebla, Orihuela, Valencia and Granada, the last one turned into the Emirate or Nasrid Kingdom of Granada and resisted till 1492. These taifas were eventually conquered by Castile, Portugal and Aragon.
The Taifa of Toledo was one of the Taifas of Al-Andalus that arose from the decomposition of the Caliphate of Córdoba on July 22, 1035 and ended with the conquest in 1085 by Alfonso VI of León "the Brave" (?, 1040/1041-Toledo, 1 July 1109), of the Jimena Dynasty, was a grandson of Sancho Garcés III of Pamplona. The Jimena dinasty ended as a ruling dinasty in Leon/Castile with his daughters Urraca I of Leon "the Reckless*" (León, June 24, 1081-Saldaña, March 8, 1126) and Teresa Alfónsez, because both sisters married members of the House of Burgundy, who were akin of the French royal family, Raymond and Henry, respectively. Urraca and Raymond's son was Alfonso VII** of Leon "the Emperor" (Caldas de Reyes, March 1, 1105–Santa Elena, August 21, 1157) and Teresa and Henry were Counts of Portugal, and their son, Alfonso I Enríquez/Afonso I Henriques of Portugal (Guimarães or Viseu, July 25, 1109- Coimbra, December 6, 1185), achieved the independence of the county from León and became the first king of Portugal. In both kingdoms the House of Burgundy was replaced eventually by a bastard line, the House of Trastamara in Castile and the House of Avis in Portugal.
*"La Temeraria", can also be translated as the daredevil, so I'm imagining Urraca with a Daredevil cosplay from Marvel
**Yes, there were many kings in the peninsula during the Middle Ages named Alfonso/Afonso, concretely 21. 11 kings named Alfonso in Asturias/León/Castile, 5 kings named Alfonso in the Crown of Aragon and 5 (6*) kings named Afonso in Portugal. And then between the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century there were 2 more, Alfonso XII and Alfonso XIII of Spain.
The Taifa of Toledo roughly coincided with the current autonomous communities of Castilla-La Mancha and Madrid, it was ruled by the Banu Di-l-Nun dynasty, its three emirs were Ismaíl al-Záfir " The triumphant" (?-Toledo, 1043), Yahya Al-Mamún (before 1043-Córdoba, June 1075), who annexed the taifa of Valencia to Toledo and tried to annex the one of Córdoba, and Al-Qádir (?-?, October 28, 1092), who temporarily lost Toledo in favor of the emir of the taifa of Badajoz (from Arabic, Batalyaws, balad al yawz, land of walnut trees, the taifa would roughly coincide with Extremadura and parts of Portugal) Úmar al-Mutawákkil (1045-1094), later Al-Qádir recovered his taifa, but years later in 1085 Toledo was conquered by Alfonso VI, although Al-Qádir began to rule over the taifa of Valencia (which at its maximum expansion would roughly coincide with the Valencian Community)
In 1062 Al-Mamun swore allegiance to Ferdinand I*** of León (c. 1016-León, December 27, 1065), father of Sancho II of Castile (Zamora, 1038 or 1039-Zamora, October 7, 1072), Alfonso VI, García II of Galicia (1042-1090), Urraca de Zamora (León, 1033-León, 1101/1103) and Elvira of Toro (1038–November 15, 1099).
In 1072 Al-Mamún welcomed Alfonso VI into his court, after Alfonso lost the Leonese throne at the hands of his brother Sancho II in the battle of Golpejera in 1071, Sancho imprisoned Alfonso and crowned himself King of León. Urraca interceded for Sancho to allow Alfonso to go into exile in the Taifa of Toledo.
A great friendship then began between Al-Mamún and Alfonso, and Al-Mamún would be, from then until his death, an ally of Alfonso in all the military operations carried out by the Leonese king.
*** It's curious that despite Ferdinand being a name whose etymology comes from Germanic It became popular in German-speaking Europe only from the 16th century, with Habsburg rule over Spain from the reign of Ferdinand I of the Holy Roman Empire, son of Joanna I of Castile and Philip the Handsome.
Its etymology is composed of the elements frith "protection", frið "peace" or alternatively farð "journey, travel", and nanth "courage" or nand "ready, prepared". The name was adopted in Romance languages from its use in the Visigothic Kingdom. It is reconstructed as either Gothic Ferdinanths or Frithunanths, which derived in Castilian language as Fernando.
In 1074, his vassal and friend Al-Mamún was succeeded by his grandson Al-Qádir, who, in 1084, requested Alfonso's help for the second time in the face of an uprising that sought to overthrow him plotted by the emir of Badajoz. Alfonso took advantage of the call for help from Al-Qádir to besiege Toledo, a city that would fall on May 25, 1085 and al-Qádir was sent to be the emir of Valencia. Although he had to face the ambitions of the king of the Zaragoza Taifa al-Mutamán, for which Alfonso VI sent troops under the command of Álvar Fáñez/Minaya to protect him.
After this important conquest, the monarch was titled emperor of the two religions. Alfonso was king of León, Castile and Galicia, and a large part of the contemporary taifas were his vassals, Alfonso had already proclaimed himself Imperator totius Hispaniae 'emperor of all Hispania' in 1077. In addition one of his wives or concubines was the Muslim Princess Zaida, who was akin of the rulers of some of the Taifas.
She is described, depending of the source, as the daughter or daughter-in-law of Muhammad ibn 'Abbad al-Mu'támid (1040-1095) emir of Seville, her first husband was Abu Nasr al-Fath al-Ma'mun, emir of Córdoba (al-Mu'támid's son) and she was niece of Alháyib, emir of Lleida and Denia.
It is not clear if Alfonso and Zaida really married, although it is considered that they did and that Zaida converted to Christianity and took the name of Isabella, her son was Sancho Alfónsez (c. 1093/1904-1108), Alfonso's only son and was for a time heir to the throne, but he died in the battle of Uclés against the Almoravid Empire.
One of the points of the capitulations that made possible the surrender of the city without bloodshed was the promise of this king to preserve and respect the buildings of worship, the customs and the religion of both Muslims and the Christian-Mozarabic qnd Jewish population. As a gesture to the Muslim population of the city, that was a huge portion of the people who lived in the city, he promised to reserve the main mosque for their worship. This decision will be revoked by the newly appointed Archbishop of Toledo, Bernardo de Sedirac, taking advantage of an absence of the king of Toledo and using the support of Constance of Burgundy (Alfonso's second wife and Urraca I's mother). The archbishop transformed the mosque into a cathedral. He nearly provoked an unwanted rebellion and uprising and the ruin of the newly conquered city. The matter was that on October 25, 1087, the archbishop (in agreement with Queen Constance) sent armed people to forcefully take over the mosque compound. After this incident, they installed a provisional altar and placed a bell in the minaret.
Father Mariana recounts that King Alfonso VI was so angry when he found out what had happened that neither the archbishop nor the queen were able to placate him and that he issued a death sentence for almost all those involved. It is said that the Muslims were the true intermediaries to achieve peace, with the figure of the negotiator and alfaqui Abu Walid who brought the king a message of tolerance in which it was said that they accepted the usurpation as legitimate. The mosque-cathedral remained almost intact until the 13th century, it was in 1222 when the cathedral began to take on its current appearance.
There were 14 mosques during the Middle Ages, but they were eventually replaced and used as churches or other Christian temples: the Al-Mamun private oratory, Al-Yami or Mayor Mosque, El Salvador Mosque, Bal al-Mardum or Cristo de la Luz Mosque, Tornerías Mosque, Al-Dabbagin or Curtidores Mosque, San Gines Mosque, San Lorenzo Mosque, Mosque of the adarve of Don Nicolás, Mosque of Saints Justa and Rufina, Mosque of Caballel, Mosque of Jabal al-Barid or Montefrío, Mosque of Ibn Dunay el Qadi del al-Hizam, Mosque of the old church of the convent of the Holy Trinity.
The other day I wrote that there were 10 synagogues, but it's likely that there were 13, although the location of some of them are not known yet: The Greater or Ibn Shushan Synagogue, Old Synagogue or Old Temple, Samuel Ha-Levi or El Tránsito Synagogue, Sofer Synagogue, Ben Abidaran or al-Maliqin Synagogue, Caleros Synagogue, the Swallows Synagogue, Suloquia Synagogue, Synagogue of Ben Aryeh, Portiel Synagogue, Algiada Synagogue and the New Temple Synagogue.
During the emirate and Caliphate of Córdoba, Molina belonged to the Cora de Santaver, Santavería or Santabariya (in Arabic, شنتبرية, Šantabarīa) was one of the territorial divisions in which the was organized, extending through the current provinces of Cuenca (from Qūnka, Arabic form of the Latin word conca, meaning basin, the city of Qūnka was founded in 999 by al-Manṣūr), part of the province of Guadalajara and Teruel. Its northeast limit reached the source of the Tagus river, the Turia river valley, up to Tirwal (Teruel, meaning "tower") and, continuing through the depression of the Jiloca river, it reached up to Qalamusa (Calamocha, Teruel). To the west, it reached Mulin (Molina de Aragón), bordering the Tagus River up to a certain point between the castle of Welid and the Toledo mount of Awkaniya (Ocaña, Toledo), in the south. From there it extended to Uclés/Uqlīsh and, along the Cabriel river, to the Turia, closing its demarcation. Its name comes from an Arabization of Celtiberia, the name by which the Roman city of Ercávica (and also refering to the group of pre-roman tribes of the peninsula), currently Cañaveruelas, was known, in which the first capital was established. It seems heir to an old Visigothic division, the so-called Hitación de Wamba with the three bishoprics located in Cuenca, Valeria, Segóbriga and Ercávica plus other areas already incorporated in Muslim times. It was a sparsely populated and economically weak cora, attached to the Middle March (aṯ-Ṯaġr al-Awsaṭ, with capital in Tulaytulah,""joyful" or "joy", Arabic name of Toledo, the current one comes from Toletum, in Roman times, "land on high", because the old part of the city is located on a hill above the Tagus River)
Wheat and barley were grown in the cora, as well as olive trees, vines, walnut trees, hazelnut trees and saffron. Sheep grazing and horse breeding were also important. In addition, the transfer of wood was already taking place along the Cabriel and Júcar rivers: the felled pines were transported to Cullera and, from there, to Denia or Valencia to use them in the construction of ships.
Although for a time Molina was part of the Upper March (al-Ṯaġr al-Aʿlà, which main city was Saraqusta, Zaragoza, its name derives from the Roman Caesaraugusta, although the first was Salduie, from the Celtiberian tribe of the sedetani) belonging to to the Cora de Barusa, the smallest of the Coras of the Caliphate, organized on the axis of the Piedra River, with its capital in Molina de Aragón (Mulin), and bordering on that of Santaveria.
Molina returned to belong to Santaveria, and eventually formed part of the Taifa of Toledo, and at some point it was formed a taifa in Molina independent from Toledo.
The Taifa of Molina could have been a small Taifa established around the municipality of Molina de Aragón by a highly Arabized Berber dynasty, coming from the conquest of the Iberian Peninsula in the 8th century. However, its chronology is diffuse and its relative independence, as it was subordinated throughout its existence to other larger entities, such as the the Kingdom of Castile, the Taifas of Toledo, Valencia ( the taifa was called Balansīa/Balansiya, from the Roman city Valentia Edetanorum "Valor of the Edetans", the Edetans were one of the Iberian tribes and lived in the current provinces of Castelló and Valencia, the Arabic name of Valencia city was Madīna at-Turab, 'City of sand') and Zaragoza (that would roughly coincide with parts of the provinces of Zaragoza and Teruel in Aragon and part of the provinces of Tarragona and Leida in Catalonia)
It is possible that at the beginning of the 11th century, during the fitna or Andalusian civil war, Molina was under the influence of the Taifa of Zaragoza, passing in 1046 to belong to the Taifa of Toledo, ruled by Al Mamún.
It is said that it became independent in 1080 from the Taifa of Toledo. The emirs who are often listed as rulers of this taifa are Hucalao (1036-?), Aben Hammar and Azzun ibn Galbun (? - 1110/1129).
In 1085, Alfonso VI would take over the power of the Taifa of Toledo, but it's considered that Molina was left out of his influence. In reality, depending on the circumstances, belonging to one or another kingdom was quite weak: these types of border towns enjoyed great autonomy.
Hya Ibn Galbun allowed Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar "El Cid" (derived from dialectal Arabic سيد sīdi, 'lord') or "El Campeador"(latin form, Campidoctor and Arabic, alkanbīṭūr or al-Kanbiyatur, 'expert in pitched battles') (¿Vivar del Cid, Burgos?,1048-Valencia, 1099) to pass through his territory during Rodrigo's exile. After the conquest of the taifa of Tudela in 1085 by the troops of Alfonso VI, Ibn Galbun began to pay tribute to the kingdom of Castile.
According to the Cantar de mio Cid, Rodrigo imposed the payment of a tribute to the Muslim lord of Molina. This one, named Avengalvón (Ibn Galbun), becomes a faithful ally and friend of El Cid.
Being a noble and hospitable man, Ibn Galbun kept as his guest Jimena, her daughters -Elvira and Sol-, Álvar Fáñez/Minaya and other knights of El Cid. Here they spend the night on several occasions and are escorted by Molinese Muslim warriors on their trips between Castile and Valencia. Apparently, the literary figure of Avengalvón has its origin in the historical figure of Ibn Galbun.
The Taifa of Molina was conquered in 1129 by Alfonso I of Aragon and Pamplona "the Battler" (?,1073-Poleñino, September 7, 1134), Urraca I's second husband, but the repopulation was carried out by the Kingdom of Castile, which caused disputes between both crowns over the Molina territory. Manrique Pérez de Lara, count and lord of Lara, with influence over both kings, acted as mediator in the Carrión concord of 1137, where Castile returned the Calatayud and Daroca squares to Aragon, and where all the lands of Molina were they were declared manors and that both sovereigns accepted him as lord of Molina and Mesa, thus giving birth to the lordship of Molina in 1138, independent of both Crowns for more than a century and a half, and receiving its own jurisdiction.
This is the sigil of the House of Manrique de Lara. The poet Jorge Manrique (1440-1479) from 15th century, writer of Coplas por la muerte de su padre, Rodrigo Manrique de Lara (1406-Ocaña, November 11, 1476), was member of this family, but from another branch. His grandmother Milia was daughter of Pedro González de Lara (btw, Pedro was the lover of Urraca I) and sister of Manrique Pérez de Lara.
Recuerde el alma dormida,
avive el seso y despierte
contemplando
cómo se pasa la vida,
cómo se viene la muerte
tan callando,
cuán presto se va el placer,
cómo, después de acordado,
da dolor;
cómo, a nuestro parecer,
cualquiera tiempo pasado
fue mejor.
The current castle was built sometime between the second half of the 12th century and the first years of the 13th, when the Lara family tried to consolidate their domain in the territory of the Royal Lordship of Molina. Its defenses were put to the test in 1222 when Gonzalo Pérez de Lara, the third ruler of Molina, aroused the hostility of Ferdinand III of Castile (Peleas de Arriba, 1199 or June 24, 1201- Seville, May 30, 1252).
(This is the alcazaba of Molina de Aragón with the tower of Aragón at the back at the top of the hill)
In 1222 Fernando III, who was at odds with Gonzalo Pérez de Lara, Lord of Molina, due to the excesses committed by him and for his support of Alfonso IX de León (Zamora, August 15, 1171- Sarria, September 24, 1230). The purpose of Gonzalo Pérez de Lara in committing such excesses, even devastating some villages near Medinaceli, was to achieve the uprising of the Castilian nobles against Fernando III and support Fernando's father, Alfonso IX. Faced with such actions, King Fernando, who did not see with good eyes the excessive autonomy enjoyed by the lords of Molina de Aragón, belonging to the Lara family, one of the two most powerful in the kingdom along with the Haro family, decided to attack the alcazaba of Molina, but Count Gonzalo and his entourage and relatives fled and hide at the Zafra castle and Ferdinand put a fence to the fortress.
The impregnability of the castle meant that the royal army was unable to storm it, and after several weeks of siege, the two sides negotiated a resolution. According to the Zafra Agreement, in which negotiation Ferdinand's mother, Berenguela I of Castile (Segovia, 1179 or 1180-Burgos, November 8, 1246), took an active part, the lordship of Molina would be inherited on Gonzalo's death by his daughter Mafalda, who would marry Ferdinand's brother, and in this way would have the territory under the control of the Crown, Alfonso of Molina, uncle of the future king Alfonso X the Wise (Toledo, November 23, 1221-Seville, April 4, 1284). Alfonso X married Violante of Aragon (Zaragoza, 1236-Roncesvalles, 1300/1301), daughter of Jaime I "the Conqueror" of Aragon (Montpellier, February 2, 1208-Alzira, July 27, 1276)
When he married Mafalda González de Lara in 1223, and once his wife's father died in 1239, Alfonso was renamed Lord of Molina and became known as Alfonso de Molina, de facto ruling the lordship for the rest of his days; at first in collaboration with his wife, but once she died he did it alone, as stipulated in the marriage agreements signed with his wife, in which it was stated that the Royal Lordship of Molina would pass to Alfonso de Molina and his successors.
Their daughter Blanca Alfonso of Molina inherited the lordship upon the death of her father in 1272. Blanca married Alfonso Fernández, bastard son of Alfonso X El Sabio with Elvira Rodríguez de Villada. Another of Alfonso de Molina's daughters, Maria de Molina, married Sancho IV of Castile El Bravo (Valladolid, May 12, 1258-Toledo, April 25, 1295), son of Alfonso X (Toledo, November 23, 1221-Seville, April 4, 1284) and Violante de Aragón (Zaragoza, 1236-Roncesvalles, 1300/1301), daughter of Jaime I “el Conquistador” of Aragon (Montpellier, February 2, 1208-Alzira, July 27, 1276) . Since then, the title of Lord of Molina has been linked to the kingdom of Castile, as it was inherited by the sons of Sancho and María, Ferdinand IV (Seville, December 6, 1285 – Jaén, September 7, 1312) and Alfonso XI (Salamanca, August 13, 1311 - Gibraltar, March 26, 1350).
During the Castilian civil war of the 14th century, Henry II of Castile (Sevilla, January 13, 1334-Santo Domingo de la Calzada, May 29, 1379) granted the castle and lordship of Molina to his French mercenary ally Bertrand du Guesclin. However, the people of Molina rebelled and invited Peter IV of Aragon (Balaguer, September 5, 1319 - Barcelona, January 5, 1387) to rule over them. The castle was defeated and was finally granted to the vassal of Pedro Ximeno Pérez de Vera.
The previous name of the town was Molina de los Caballeros, but it's said that when Peter IV ruled over the town, it's name was changed to Molina de Aragón, and the Tower of Aragon, located in the highest part of the town, got its name in honor of the king of Aragon.
The castle eventually returned to Castile in 1375 by the marriage between Leonor of Aragon, daughter of Peter IV, and John I, son of Henry II, when the lordship of Molina was delivered in the matrimonial dowry of Leonor. John and Leonor were parents of Henry III of Castile and Ferdinand I of Aragon
In the 15th century Henry IV of Castile (Valladolid, January 5, 1425-Madrid, December 11, 1474) sparked another rebellion when the he awarded the castle and the town to his favorite, Beltrán de la Cueva. His castellan, Juan de Hombrados Malo, managed to get rid of all opponents and kept control of the castle until it finally passed into the hands of Isabella I of Castile (Madrigal de las Altas Torres, April 22, 1451-Medina del Campo, November 1504) and Ferdinand II of Aragon (Sos del Rey Católico, March 10, 1452-Madrigalejo, January 23, 1516). Juan de Hombrados was rewarded with hereditary custody of the castle, which his family kept for many years afterwards. The merger of the two kingdoms deprived the castle of its former strategic importance, and from the 16th century onwards it began to fall into ruins.
The castle remained the property of the Spanish state until 1971, when it was sold at auction for 30,000 pesetas, which would be 180,30€ nowadays. Its buyer was Antonio Sanz Polo (1913-2008), a descendant of Juan de Hombrados Malo and a distinguished educator. His family had kept the documents of the guardianship of Juan de Hombrados for more than four hundred years, transmitting them from generation to generation. However, by this time the castle was completely in ruins. Sanz Polo spent the next thirty years and most of his fortune rebuilding the castle, hiring cranes, architects and historians to help him. He was recognized for his efforts by the Medal of Merit from the National Association of Friends of the Castles (it's an organism that consist in divulgate and catalog castles, walled towns or cities and fortresses of Spain, which are more than 10.000, based on their list, although a huge part of them are half ruined or in ruins)
The castle represents the Tower of Joy in three episodes of GOT season 6, 6×03 "Oathbraker", and 6x10 "Winds of Winter". According to its current owner, Daniel Antonio Sanz, the producers were "looking for a remote site and far from any building".
I think the castle was a good option for a filming location, although we know that in the books the TOJ it's described as a round tower, rather than a irregular rectangular castle.
George R. R. Martin may have been inspired by the Joyous Gard to create the Tower of Joy. According to Arthurian legend, Lancelot names the castle himself after he became lord of the castle where he learns his real name and heritage. He later rescues Queen Guinevere from Maleagant and brings her to the Joyous Gard, whose adultery with the queen is dealt with for the first time. The Joyous Gard has been identified with Bamburgh Castle and Alnwick Castle in England, and the Château de Joyeuse Garde in Brittany.
I mean, probably Martin took elements from the Arthurian legend to create certain characters. For example Arthur Dayne and Dawn, making a reference to King Arthur and his magical sword.
Also in Rhaegar and Jon could be some aspects from Lancelot. Rhaegar "saves" Lyanna from her arranged marriage with Robert and they run away together and they go to the Tower of Joy, that it's named that way by Rhaegar.
And Lancelot raised by the Lady of the Lake, didn't knew about his parents, Ban and Elaine, king and queen of Benwick, and his true name, Galahad.
And Jon doesn't know yet that he's son of Rhaegar and Lyanna, but I bet that Howland Reed can tell him and maybe there's something about R+L=J in the crypts of Winterfell. Probably Jon name is just Jon, but for the secret Targ name theory, it could be Aemon or Daeron.
Jon in AGOT:
He had no destination in mind. He wanted only to ride. He followed the creek for a time, listening to the icy trickle of water over rock, then cut across the fields to the kingsroad. It stretched out before him, narrow and stony and pocked with weeds, a road of no particular promise, yet the sight of it filled Jon Snow with a vast longing. Winterfell was down that road, and beyond it Riverrun and King's Landing and the Eyrie and so many other places; Casterly Rock, the Isles of Faces, the red mountains of Dorne, the hundred islands of Braavos in the sea, the smoking ruins of old Valyria. All the places that Jon would never see. The world was down that road … and he was here.
Me: Insert the meme [He doesn't know he was born in the red mountains of Dorne]
I was thinking about the theory/headcanon in which Elia knew what was going on with Rhaegar and Lyanna, and I like the idea that Elia was the one that suggested the Tower of Joy.
Maybe Rhaegar told Elia about Lyanna and him, and that they wanted to get away and Elia gave him some ideas of some places they could travel and stay safe.
And it's a great coincidence that the TOJ is located at the Prince's Pass, in the northern part of Dorne.
As a princess of Dorne, Elia probably knew the history, characteristics and location of the tower and other Dornish castles. It's in the middle of nowhere and in show!TOJ the real castle has been described as impregnable. Plus, probably no one would expect Rhaegar to hide with Lyanna in his wife's region birth.
Other headcanon I have been thinking is that if Dany and Jon ending i the books is ruling Westeros together, due to the Tower of Joy is on ruins, maybe Jon and Dany could order rebuilding it soneday because it's Jon's birthplace and in memory of Rhaegar and Lyanna.
#castle of zafra#history#got locations#filming location#the tower of joy#asoiaf speculation#places#long post#castillo de zafra
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International Brigades: Battle of Jarama, Battle of Guadalajara (1937)
“The Battle of Jarama (6–27 February 1937) was an attempt by General Francisco Franco's Nationalists to dislodge the Republican lines along the river Jarama, just east of Madrid, during the Spanish Civil War. Elite Spanish Legionnaires and Moroccan Regulares from the Army of Africa forced back the Republican Army of the Centre, including the International Brigades, but after days of fierce fighting no breakthrough was achieved. Republican counterattacks along the captured ground likewise failed, resulting in heavy casualties to both sides. ...”
W - Battle of Jarama, W - Battle of Guadalajara
Jarama: A walk through the valley of death
BATTLE OF JARAMA, TRENCH WAR, HEMINGWAY IN THE BATTLE
W - International Brigades
YouTube: GREAT BATTLES OF THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR - EP. 5 - THE BATTLE OF JARAMA, EP. 6 - THE BATTLE OF GUADALAJARA
2011 July: Spanish Civil War - 75 Year, 18 July, 2012 March: 1984 (For the Love of Big Brother), 2012 June: "The Spanish Earth", Written and Narrated by Ernest Hemingway, 2013 January: The Real George Orwell, 2015 August: Songs of the Spanish Civil War, 2016 September: George Orwell - Homage to Catalonia (1938), 2017 January: Guernica (2016), 2019 September: What Makes Guernica So Shocking? An Animated Video Explores the Impact of Picasso’s Monumental Anti-War Mural
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Taking that critical first step
XOYAUI
INLAND
OAX
HUEHUETZI
FALCON; YAN
AN
INTLACAMO
PROFIT
WORD TOTOMIHUACAN
OGISTS
ATTACK OF NEZAHUALPILLI
CECEMELQUIXTIA
MERRY
BATTLE
EAST
HIMSELF
APPEARING
SHORES OF NEW SPAIN
WRAP THE CORPSE
MIAHUA
CITY
CAXTLAUITL
EXPRESSION IN DIOS
TLATILOLCO
DIVERT
OFFSCOURINGS
APP
TROCHILUS
I.E
CENCA
PREP
PRET
NEGOTIATIONS
GOVERNOR OF AZCAPOTZALCO
OCTICATL
ILACATZIUI
LORD. ON TEZOZOMOC
OFFICER
DANGER
GUADALAJARA
MOLINA
TLALIA
PETLACOATL
IN MA OC
MOUNTAINS
SHORES OF THE GULF
PETLATL
FORAY
HAIR
SHROUD
OROZCO Y BERRA
VOCABULARY
QUETZA
CYPRESS TREES
HUAN
COMPOUND OF QUETZALLI
MOUTH
CUICOYAN
ATLAMACHTIA
CHIAPAS
VERSE
FEATHER
CORNSILK BIRD
METRE OF
JOAN BAUTISTA
ASSOCIATE OF QUAUHTEMOCTZIN
IXAMAYO
ANALYSIS
TIGERS
RULER
CLAVIGERO
IZTLACOA
HUELTETOZCATEMIQUE
ODOR
ARROW
SOMEBODY
TIZAOCTLI
ESSENCE
SERPENT WOMAN
METRE
PARTICLE PO
BUD
ACALLAN
RAY OF THE SUN
TLASCALLANS
CO
RAVINE
HUALLAUH
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Holidays 6.7
Holidays
Anniversary of the Memorandum of the Slovak Nation (Slovakia)
Battle of Arica Day (Chile)
Beatles Day
Betamax Day
Croatian Diplomacy Day (Croatia)
Daniel Boone Day (Kentucky)
Dunmow Flitch Day
Father’s Day (Lithuania; Switzerland)
Festival of All Possible Worlds
Financial and Economic Sector Workers Day (Kyrgyzt=stan)
Flag Day (Peru)
Fleur-de-Lis Day
International Supply Chain Specialists Day
International Tourettes Awareness Day
Journalist Day (Argentina)
June Bug Day
Kataklysmos (Flood Festival; Cypress)
Land O’Lakes Day
Liberation Day (Norway)
Lime Tree Day (French Republic)
Love Island Day (UK)
Mother’s Day (France; French Antilles)
National Alexandra Day
National Arc Flash Awareness Day (UK)
National Benjamin Day
National Blepharoplasty Day
National CAPHPACH Day (a.k.a. National Citizens Against Police Harassment Police Against Citizen Harassment Day)
National Elias Day
National Goonies Day
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National Military Working Dog Day (Australia)
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Sette Giugno (Malta)
Shirone Takogassen (Kite Fighting Festival; Japan)
Sir Randol Fawkes Day (a.k.a.Labour Day; Bahamas)
607 Day
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VCR Day
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World Day of Birth Rights
World Hemochromatosis Day
World LPG Day
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Write to Your Father Day
Food & Drink Celebrations
Bartender Day
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Independence & Related Days
Anniversary of the Memorandum of the Slovak Nation (Slovakia)
Erephisian Technocracy (f.k.a. Orbis; Declared; 2005) [unrecognized]
Norway (from Sweden, 1905)
Parliament Day (Northern Ireland)
Temotu Province Day (Solomon Islands)
1st Friday in June
Action Mesothelioma Day (UK) [1st Friday]
Clean Air Day (Canada) [1st Friday]
European Dental Technicians Day [1st Friday]
Flashback Friday [Every Friday]
Fry Day (Pastafarian; Fritism) [Every Friday]
Horseradish Weekend begins [1st Friday]
Hospitals Against Violence Day [1st Friday]
Hug an Atheist Day [1st Friday]
International Socks4Docs Day [1st Friday]
National Banana Split Weekend (Begins 1st Friday]
National Day Against Gun Violence (Canada) [1st Friday]
National Donut Day (a.k.a. National Doughnut Day) [1st Friday]
National Fish & Chip Day (UK) [1st Friday]
National Gun Violence Awareness Day [1st Friday]
National Lemonade Days begin [1st Friday]
National Wear a Jockstrap to Work Day [1st Friday]
Salvation Army Day [1st Friday]
Senior Race Day (Isle of Man) [1st Friday]
Weekly Holidays beginning June 7 (1st Full Week)
Shampoo Week (thru 6.13)
Superman Week (thru 6.9)
Wear Orange Days [thru 6.8]
Festivals Beginning June 7, 2024
Action in Jackson (Jackson, Wisconsin) [thru 6.8]
Bloodroot Ramble (Healdsburg, California) [thru 6.8]
Cajun Heritage Festival (Larose, Louisiana) [thru 6.9]
Capital Jazz Fest (Columbia, Maryland) [thru 6.9]
Children KinoFest (Kyiv, Ukraine) [thru 6.16]
Fan Expo Dallas (Dallas, Texas) [thru 6.9]
Farmington Strawberry Festival (Farmington, Iowa) [thru 6.9]
Flemington Opa Festival (Flemington, New Jersey) [thru 6.9]
Fredericksburg Craft Beer Festival (Fredericksburg, Texas) [thru 6.8]
A German Sommerfest (Lancaster, Texas) [thru 6.8]
Gheens Bon Mange' Festival (Gheens, Louisiana) [thru 6.9]
The Great New York State Food & Wine Festival (Clayton, New York) [thru 6.9]
Greek Festival (Randolph, New Jersey) [thru 6.9]
Grove City Strawberry Days (Grove City, Pennsylvania) [thru 6.9]
Guadalajara International Film Festival (Guadalajara, Mexico) [thru 6.15]
Hartford Taste (Hartford, Connecticut) [thru 6.8]
Huntington Trails Beer and Wine Festival (Huntington, Indiana)
International Documentary Film Festival Artdocfest (Tbilisi, Georgia) [thru 6.9]
International Horseradish Festival (Collinsville, Illinois) [thru 6.8]
Lander Brew Fest (Lander, Wyoming) [thru 6.8]
Lincoln Square Greek Fest (Chicago, Illinois) [thru 6.9]
Norfolk Harborfest (Norfolk, Virginia) [thru 6.9]
Orange Warsaw Festival (Warsaw, Poland) [thru 6.8]
Pork Rind Heritage Festival (Harrod, Ohio) [thru 6.8]
Rhubarb Fest (Aledo, Illinois) [thru 6.8]
Rock am Ring (Nürburg, Germany) [thru 6.9]
Rosedale Strawberry Festival (Rosedale, Indiana) [thru 6.9]
South Dakota BBQ Championships (Huron, South Dakota) [thru 6.8]
Strawberry Festival (Forestville, New York) [thru 6.9]
Strawberry Festival (Hartford, Michigan) [thru 6.8]
Strawberry Festival (Mystic, Connecticut) [thru 6.8]
Sundance Solstice Festival (Anchorage, Alaska) [thru 6.9]
Taste of Charlotte (Charlotte, North Carolina) [thru 6.9]
Taste of Muskegon (Muskegon, Michigan) [thru 6.8]
Taste of Syracuse (Syracuse, New York) [thru 6.8]
Up North Beerfest (Eagle River, Wisconsin) [thru 6.8]
Walleye Weekend (Fond du Lac, Wisconsin) [thru 6.9]
WHITE SQUARE International Advertising and Marketing Festival (Minsk, Belarus)
Wimborne Minster Folk Festival (Wimborne Minster, United Kingdom) [thru 6.9]
Feast Days
Amazing Mumford (Muppetism)
Antonio Maria Gianelli (Christian; Saint)
Antony of Gianelli (Christian; Saint)
Captain Jack Sparrow Impersonation Day (Pastafarian)
Charles Rennie Mackintosh (Artology)
Chief Seattle (Lutheran Church)
Colmán of Dromore (Christian; Saint)
Commemoration Day of St John the Forerunner (Armenian Apostolic Church)
Damien Hirst (Artology)
Edtors’ Day (Church of the SubGenius)
Flowers Day (Starza Pagan Book of Days)
Gottschalk (a.k.a. Godeschalc, Prince of the Western Vandals; Christian; Martyr)
Gwendolyn Brooks (Writerism)
Judgment Day (Leaping Songs; Shamanism)
Landulf of Yariglia (Asti; Christian; Saint)
Lanfranc (Positivist; Saint)
Louise Erdrich (Writerism)
Ludi Piscatorii (Ancient Rome)
Meriadoc (Christian; Saint)
Meriasek (Christian; Saint)
Paul I of Constantinople (Christian; Saint)
Paul Gauguin (Artology)
Robert of Newminster (Christian; Saint)
Marie-Thérèse de Soubiran La Louvière (Christian; Blessed)
Pioneers of the Episcopal Anglican Church of Brazil (Episcopal Church (USA))
Smilin’ Ed (Muppetism)
Vestalia begins (until 15th; Old Roman festival to Vesta, goddess of the hearth, home & family)
Vulfagius (a.k.a. Wulphy; Christian; Saint)
Willibald (Christian; Saint)
Christian Liturgical Holidays
Sacred Heart Day [Friday after 2nd Sunday after Pentecost; 68 days after Easter] a.k.a. ...
Divine Compassion of Christ (Anglican Franciscans)
Feast of the Sacred Heart (Roman Catholic)
Sagrado Corazon (Colombia)
Solemnity of the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus (f.k.a.)
Lucky & Unlucky Days
Butsumetsu (仏滅 Japan) [Unlucky all day.]
Perilous Day (13th Century England) [19 of 32]
Umu Limnu (Evil Day; Babylonian Calendar; 26 of 60)
Premieres
Alexander’s Ragtime Band, recorded by Arthur Collins & Byron G. Harlan (Song; 1911)
Captain Fantastic and the Brown First Cowboy, by Elton John (Album; 1975)
City Slickers (Film; 1991)
Cloak & Dagger (TV Series; 2018)
Dark Phoenix (Film; 2019)
The Day of the Jackal, by Frederick Forsyth (Novel; 1971)
Dance of the Weed (MGM Cartoon; 1941)
Dinky Finds a Home (Terrytoons Cartoon; 1946)
Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood (Film; 2002)
Don’t Tell Mom the Babysitter’s Dead (Film; 1991)
El Dorado (Film; 1967)
Face/Off (Film; 1997)
Feedin’ the Kiddie (Tom & Jerry Cartoon; 1957)
Fields of Gold, by Sting (Song; 1993)
Ghostbustrs (Film; 1984)
The Goonies (Film; 1985)
Grease (Broadway Musical; 1972)
Green Lantern: Emerald Knights (WB Animated Film; 2011)
The Hasty Hare (WB LT Cartoon; 1952)
The Heat of the Day, by Elizabeth Bowen (Novel; 1948)
High School Confidential (Film; 1958)
The Honourable Schoolboy, by John le Carré (Novel; 1977)
Horse’s Mouth, by Joyce Cary (Novel; 1950)
I Am Mother (Film; 2019)
The Johnny Cash Show (TV Series; 1969)
Jungle Fever (Film; 1991)
Kim Possible (Animated TV Series; 2002)
Mr. Fore by Fore (Phantasies Cartoon; 1944)
Mr. Money Gags (Noveltoons Cartoon; 1957)
The Mummy (Film; 1999)
Old McDonald Had a Farm (Noveltoons Cartoon; 1946)
The Old Rugged Cross, by George Bennard (Christian Hymn; 1913)
Peep in the Deep (Fleischer/Famous Popeye Cartoon; 1946)
Perfect (Film; 1985)
Peter Grimes, by Benjamin Britten (Opera; 1945)
Post, by Björk (Album; 1995)
The Producers (Film; 2002)
Purple, by Stone Temple Pilots (Album; 1994)
Rabbit Stew and Rabbits Too! (WB LT Cartoon; 1969)
The Rock (Film; 1996)
Salmon Loafer (Chilly Willy Cartoon; 1963)
A Satire of the Three Estates, by David Lyndsay (Play; 1552)
The Secret Life of Pets 2 (Animated Film; 2019)
The Seven Deadly Sins of the Bourgeoisie, by Kurt Weill and Bertolt Brecht (Ballet; 1933)
Simple Man, by Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young (Song; 1970)
Squatter’s Rights (Disney Cartoon; 1946)
Vincent, recorded by Don McLean (Song; 1971)
What—No Spinach? (Fleischer Popeye Cartoon; 1936)
The Wily Weasel (Oswald the Lucky Rabbit Cartoon; 1937)
Wimmin is a Myskery (Fleischer Popeye Cartoon; 1940)
The Wise Little Hen (Silly Symphony Cartoon; 1934)
X-Men: Dark Phoenix (Film; 2019)
Today’s Name Days
Anita, Eoban, Gottlieb, Robert (Austria)
Valeri, Valeria (Bulgaria)
Antun, Radoslav, Robert (Croatia)
Iveta (Czech Republic)
Jeremias (Denmark)
Robert, Robi (Estonia)
Robert, Robin, Roope, Suvi (Finland)
Gilbert (France)
Anita, Gottlieb, Raimund, Robert (Germany)
Panagis, Sebastian, Zinais (Greece)
Róbert (Hungary)
Geremia, Landolfo, Roberto, Sabiniano (Italy)
Arnis, Gaida, Gijs (Latvia)
Lukrecija, Radvydė, Ratautas, Robertas (Lithuania)
Robert, Robin (Norway)
Antoni, Ciechomir, Jarosław, Lukrecja, Paweł, Robert, Roberta, Wiesław, Wisław (Poland)
Teodot (România)
Róbert (Slovakia)
Isaac, Roberto (Spain)
Robert, Robin (Sweden)
Theodot (Ukraine)
Keenan, Melody, Nidia, Nydia, Nylene, Whitney (USA)
Today is Also…
Day of Year: Day 159 of 2024; 207 days remaining in the year
ISO: Day 5 of week 23 of 2024
Celtic Tree Calendar: Huath (Hawthorn) [Day 27 of 28]
Chinese: Month 5 (Geng-Wu), Day 2 (Ren-Yin)
Chinese Year of the: Dragon 4722 (until January 29, 2025) [Wu-Chen]
Hebrew: 1 Sivan 5784
Islamic: 30 Dhu al-Qada 1445
J Cal: 9 Blue; Twosday [9 of 30]
Julian: 25 May 2024
Moon: 2%: Waxing Crescent
Positivist: 18 St. Paul (6th Month) [Lanfranc]
Runic Half Month: Odal (Home, Possession) [Day 14 of 15]
Season: Spring (Day 81 of 92)
Week: 1st Full Week of June
Zodiac: Gemini (Day 18 of 31)
Calendar Changes
Sīwān (a.k.a. Sivan, Siwan or Simanu) [סִיוָן / סיוון] (Hebrew Calendar) [Month 3 of 12]
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Mexico and Uruguay: A Comparative Study of Culture, Economy, and Tourism
Overview
Two thriving Latin American nations, Mexico and Uruguay, are diverse, rich in history, and culture. Even though they have certain things in common, they also stand out thanks to their own qualities. This study compares and contrasts several facets of Uruguay and Mexico, illuminating their separate yet connected societies.
Demographics and Geography
Place and Aesthetic Elements
North America's Mexico is bounded to the north by the United States, to the south by Guatemala and Belize, to the west by the Pacific Ocean, and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. It has a varied terrain that includes beaches, mountains, and deserts.
Uruguay is a country in southeast South America that shares borders with Argentina to the west, Brazil to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. Uruguay, distinguished by its undulating plains and coastal sections, enjoys a milder climate than Mexico.
People and Big Cities
Mexico is the third most populous country in the Americas, home to more than 126 million people. The capital city of Mexico City, Guadalajara, and Monterrey are among the major cities.
Uruguay is one of the least populous countries in South America, with about 3.5 million people living there. The largest city is Montevideo, the capital, followed by places like Punta del Este and Salto.
Historical Context Major Mexican Historical Events
Spanish colonization, the fight for independence, and ancient civilizations like the Mayans and Aztecs are all part of Mexico's rich past. The Mexican Revolution (1910–1920) and the Mexican War of Independence (1810–1821) are notable occasions.
Important Uruguayan Historical Occasions
The history of Uruguay is characterized by Spanish and Portuguese colonization, followed by an independence movement. The Battle of Las Piedras (1811) and the declaration of independence from Brazil (1825) are two significant occasions. Uruguay also had a big influence on how South America's regional political system came to be.
Mexico's Political Environment and System of Government
Mexico is a presidential system federal republic. The government is divided into three branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial. In Mexico, the president functions as the head of state and government.
Uruguay's System of Government
Uruguay is a presidential representative democratic republic. There are three branches of government as well. Like in Mexico, the president of Uruguay serves as both the head of state and government.
Overview of Mexico's Economic Sectors
Mexico's economy is diverse, with the manufacturing, oil and gas, agricultural, and services sectors being its main industries. The nation is a significant exporter of electronics and cars and one of the world's top producers of oil.
Uruguay's Economic Sectors
Uruguay's economy is varied, with major contributions from manufacturing, services, cattle raising, and agriculture. The nation is well-known for its exports of dairy products, livestock, and renewable energy projects.
Trade and Industry: Mexico's Principal Sectors
The automobile, aerospace, electronics, and tourism industries are among Mexico's leading industries. As a center of manufacturing, the nation draws in foreign capital and upholds close commercial ties with the US and other nations.
Uruguay's Principal Industries
The main industries in Uruguay include information technology, textiles, forestry, and agriculture. The nation has advanced technologically and innovatively, with a rising focus on sustainable practices and renewable energy.
Traditions and Culture
Mexican Customs and Culture
Spanish culture, along with other influences, coexists with indigenous culture in Mexico. Part of the cultural history are traditional celebrations like Día de los Muertos (Day of the Dead) and colorful folk dances like Jarabe Tapatío (Mexican Hat Dance).
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Private Tour Guide India Company's Taj Mahal Tour departing from Bengaluru
With the Taj Mahal Tour from Bengaluru by Private Tour Guide India Company, set out on an enthralling adventure from Bengaluru to the renowned Taj Mahal. Witnessing the majesty of one of the most majestic monuments in the world is made possible by this delightful tour, which offers the ideal balance of luxury, convenience, and cultural exploration.
Overview
Travelers from all over the world flock to see the Taj Mahal, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a representation of unending love. With the help of knowledgeable guides and individualized attention, visitors from Bengaluru may enjoy the splendor and majesty of this architectural wonder on the Taj Mahal Tour from Bengaluru offered by Private Tour Guide India Company.
Highlights of the Tour
Take in the Taj Mahal's amazing magnificence.
Discover Agra's other historical landmarks, such as Mehtab Bagh and Agra Fort.
comfortable travel plans from Agra to Bengaluru and vice versa.
Detailed insights into the history and culture of the area are offered by knowledgeable tour guides.
Route
Day 1: Flight to Delhi after departure from Bengaluru
Take a flight from Bengaluru to Delhi to start your journey. Our agent will meet you when you arrive in Delhi and take you to your hotel so you can check in.
Second day: Delhi to Agra
Morning: Traveling back to Agra
Take a leisurely journey in a cozy, air-conditioned car from Delhi to Agra after breakfast.
Mid-Afternoon: Reaching Agra
After arriving in Agra, make sure to check into your accommodation and take a quick shower before beginning your sightseeing trip.
In the afternoon, go to Agra Fort
Admire the striking architecture and historical significance of the magnificent Agra Fort, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Mehtab Bagh at dusk
Visit Mehtab Bagh, a tranquil area that provides expansive views of the Taj Mahal at dusk, to cap off your day.
Day 3: Trip back to Bengaluru and the Taj Mahal
Sunrise: Visit to the Taj Mahal
Get up early to see the Taj Mahal at sunrise; it's an amazing experience that promises breathtaking sights and a serene ambiance.
Tour of the Taj Mahal with a Guide
Take a guided tour of the Taj Mahal and discover its background in history, architecture, and the romantic legend surrounding its construction.
Midmorning: Head back to Bangalore
Enjoy breakfast at your hotel after touring the Taj Mahal, then check out and head back to Delhi for your flight back to Bengaluru.
Why Select India's Private Tour Guide Company?
Professional Guides: Our knowledgeable guides guarantee an enlightening and stimulating experience by sharing in-depth knowledge of the history, customs, and architectural design of the Taj Mahal and other historical places.
Comfortable Journeying
We provide hassle-free and cozy travel arrangements, covering lodging, transfers, and flights, so you can concentrate on having a great tour.
Tailored Support
We customize our trips to fit your interests and requirements, offering great service and individualized attention to make sure you have an amazing time.
Flowing Logistics
We manage all tour-related arrangements with accuracy and efficiency, from hotel pickups to sightseeing tours and return flights, guaranteeing a seamless and pleasurable tour experience.
In summary
The Private Tour Guide India Company's Taj Mahal Tour departing from Bengaluru provides an amazing trip to one of the most famous sites on earth. Travelers from Bengaluru can expect an enriching and unforgettable experience with this tour, which offers expertly guided tours, comfortable travel accommodations, and personalized service. Make your tour reservation right now to start a journey that will leave you with lifelong treasured memories.
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In a future where cities have sprawled into vast megacities, Chinatown in Washington, D.C. has become a nexus for both the ancient and the ultramodern. Here, amidst the neon glow and holographic dragons soaring between skyscrapers, lived Mira, a young woman with an extraordinary secret.
Mira was not just any resident of the futuristic Chinatown. Beneath her vibrant eyes and the artful chaos of her curly hair, she possessed a rare genetic mutation that allowed her to manipulate light. This ability made her invaluable in a world where information was the ultimate currency, and light—the medium of data transmission—was everywhere.
Each night, Mira roamed the labyrinthine alleys of Chinatown, her eyes shimmering with a spectrum of colors unseen by normal human eyes. She could bend the neon lights to her will, twist the path of laser advertisements into playful kittens or cascading waterfalls, all without touching a single button or device.
Her talents did not go unnoticed. The government, eager to control such a powerful asset, sent agents to track her down. But in Chinatown, with its dense smog and crush of people, Mira was a wraith. She aligned herself with the Neon Dragons, a vigilante group that used technology to protect the district's historic identity against corporate encroachment.
One evening, as Mira weaved through a crowded market under the gaze of old red lanterns, her path crossed with Leo, a cybernetic detective with a keen sense of justice, tasked with bringing her in. Leo, however, was captivated not only by her ability but also by her spirit—how she seemed to fight not for personal gain but for a deeper cause.
Together, they uncovered a plot by a mega-corporation to erase Chinatown's heritage and replace it with a virtual reality tourism district. The corporation planned to use a device that could overwrite the visual cortex of the human brain, making the virtual indistinguishable from reality.
Mira and Leo's journey took them from the steamy dumpling houses emitting rich scents into the night air, to the ancient temples hidden beneath the city's surface, where monks meditated among circuits and sensors. It was here, in these sacred spaces, that Mira learned to expand her abilities, taught by the cyber-monks who saw her gift as a bridge between the digital and the divine.
In a climactic battle, under the shadow of the Washington Monument, now a towering server hub, Mira and Leo disrupted the corporation's launch event. Using her powers, Mira created a dazzling aurora of light, a spectacle that temporarily blinded the devices and freed the crowd from digital manipulation. The display was so profound that it sparked a city-wide movement to preserve the real over the virtual, the tangible over the digital illusion.
In the aftermath, Chinatown remained untouched, a beacon of culture and history in a sea of constant change. Mira, once a fugitive, became a symbol of resistance, her story echoing through the streets she had protected. Together with Leo, who had turned his back on his programming for love, they watched over the city from the shadows, guardians of light in a world darkened by greed and falsehood.
Thus, in the heart of Washington, D.C., amid the intertwining scents of sizzling street food and wet asphalt, a new legend was born, as old as the city itself yet as fresh as the dawn of a new era.
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Events 5.24 (after 1940)
1940 – Igor Sikorsky performs the first successful single-rotor helicopter flight.
1940 – Acting on the orders of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, NKVD agent Iosif Grigulevich orchestrates an unsuccessful assassination attempt on exiled Russian revolutionary Leon Trotsky in Coyoacán, Mexico.
1941 – World War II: In the Battle of the Atlantic, the German battleship Bismarck sinks the pride of the Royal Navy, HMS Hood, killing all but three crewmen.
1944 – Börse Berlin building burns down after being hit in an air raid during World War II.
1944 – Congress of Përment occurs which establishes a provisional government in Albania in areas under partisan control, the first independent Albanian government since 1939. In honor of this the national emblem of Albania inscribed this date from 1946 until 1992.
1948 – Arab–Israeli War: Egypt captures the Israeli kibbutz of Yad Mordechai, but the five-day effort gives Israeli forces time to prepare enough to stop the Egyptian advance a week later.
1956 – The first Eurovision Song Contest is held in Lugano, Switzerland.
1958 – United Press International is formed through a merger of the United Press and the International News Service.
1960 – Following the 1960 Valdivia earthquake, the largest ever recorded earthquake, Cordón Caulle begins to erupt.
1961 – American civil rights movement: Freedom Riders are arrested in Jackson, Mississippi, for "disturbing the peace" after disembarking from their bus.
1962 – Project Mercury: American astronaut Scott Carpenter orbits the Earth three times in the Aurora 7 space capsule.
1967 – Egypt imposes a blockade and siege of the Red Sea coast of Israel.
1967 – Belle de Jour, directed by Luis Bu��uel, is released.
1976 – The Judgment of Paris takes place in France, launching California as a worldwide force in the production of quality wine.
1981 – Ecuadorian president Jaime Roldós Aguilera, his wife, and his presidential committee die in an aircraft accident while travelling from Quito to Zapotillo minutes after the president gave a famous speech regarding the 24 de mayo anniversary of the Battle of Pichincha.
1982 – Liberation of Khorramshahr: Iranians recapture of the port city of Khorramshahr from the Iraqis during the Iran–Iraq War.
1988 – Section 28 of the United Kingdom's Local Government Act 1988, a controversial amendment stating that a local authority cannot intentionally promote homosexuality, is enacted.
1991 – Israel conducts Operation Solomon, evacuating Ethiopian Jews to Israel.
1992 – The last Thai dictator, General Suchinda Kraprayoon, resigns following pro-democracy protests.
1992 – The ethnic cleansing in Kozarac, Bosnia and Herzegovina begins when Serbian militia and police forces enter the town.
1993 – Eritrea gains its independence from Ethiopia.
1993 – Roman Catholic Cardinal Juan Jesús Posadas Ocampo and five other people are assassinated in a shootout at Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla Guadalajara International Airport in Mexico.
1994 – Four men are convicted of bombing the World Trade Center in New York in 1993; each one is sentenced to 240 years in prison.
1995 – While attempting to return to Leeds Bradford Airport in the United Kingdom, Knight Air Flight 816 crashes in Dunkeswick, North Yorkshire, killing all 12 people on board.
1999 – The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in The Hague, Netherlands indicts Slobodan Milošević and four others for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed in Kosovo.
2000 – Israeli troops withdraw from southern Lebanon after 22 years of occupation.
2002 – Russia and the United States sign the Moscow Treaty.
2014 – A 6.4 magnitude earthquake occurs in the Aegean Sea between Greece and Turkey, injuring 324 people.
2014 – At least three people are killed in a shooting at Brussels' Jewish Museum of Belgium.
2022 – A mass shooting occurs at Robb Elementary School in Uvalde, Texas, United States, resulting in the deaths of 21 people, including 19 children.
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Ṭāriq ibn Ziyād (670-720) known simply as Tarik in English, was a Berber Umayyad commander who initiated the Muslim Umayyad conquest of Visigothic Hispania (Spain and Portugal) (711–18) AD. He led a large army and crossed the Strait of Gibraltar from the North African coast, consolidating his troops at what is today known as the Rock of Gibraltar. The name “Gibraltar” is the Spanish derivation of the Arabic name Jabal Ṭāriq, meaning “mountain of Ṭāriq”. On or about April 26, 711, his army composed of recent Berber converts to Islam, was landed on the Iberian peninsula by Julian. They debarked at the foothills of a mountain that was henceforth named after him.
It should be noted that many modern historians tend to refer to Tarik’s garrison as consisting only of Caucasoid Berbers and Arabs. Ibn Husayn of the 10th Century recorded however that many of his troops were “Sudanese”. Contemporary accounts of Europeans state of the Moorish invaders, “Their faces were as black as pitch, the most handsome amongst them was as black as a cooking pot.” It should be pointed out that the term “Berber,” erroneously identified as a racial category, is in actuality a linguistic-ethnic group. There are both Semitic and African Berbers. He was described by contemporary witnesses as having a short stature, brown skin, a hooked nose, and woolly hair. He was said to be a native of Sudan. Thus would begin the Moorish occupation of Spain, to which Europe owes greatly the benefits of the Renaissance, which would last well into the 15th Century.
His army contained about 7,000 soldiers, composed largely of Berber stock and Arab troops. Roderic, to meet the threat of the Umayyads, assembled an army said to number 100,000. He won a decisive victory when Roderic was defeated and killed on July 19 at the Battle of Guadalete.
He split his army into four divisions, which went on to capture Córdoba under Mughith al-Rumi, Granada, and other places, while he remained at the head of the division that captured Toledo. He continued reaching Guadalajara and Astorga. He was de facto governor of Hispania until the arrival of Mūsā. #africanhistory365 #africanexcellence
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