#Checking current Iptables status
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Server Security: Analyze and Harden Your Defenses in todayâs⤠increasingly digital world, securing your â¤server is â˘paramount. Whether youâre a beginner in â˘ethical hacking or a techâ enthusiast eager to⣠strengthen your skills, âunderstanding how to analyze adn harden server security configurations is essential to protect your infrastructure from cyber threats. This comprehensive guide walks you through the keyâ processes of evaluating your serverâs setup and implementing measures that enhance it's âŁresilience. Materials and Tools Needed Material/ToolDescriptionPurposeServer Access (SSH/Console)Secure shell or direct console access to the serverTo review configurations and apply changesSecurity Audit⣠ToolsTools like Lynis, âŁOpenVAS, or NessusTo scan and identify vulnerabilitiesConfiguration Management ToolsTools such as Ansible, Puppet, or ChefFor automating security hardening tasksFirewall Management InterfaceAccess to configure â˘firewalls like iptables, ufw, or cloud firewallTo manage network-level securityâ policiesLog Monitoring UtilitySoftware like Logwatch, Splunk, âor GraylogTo track suspicious events and audit â˘security Step-by-Step Guide to Analyzingâ and Hardening âServer Security 1. Assess Current â˘Server Security Posture Log in securely: ⣠Use SSH with â¤key-based authentication or direct console⤠access to avoid exposing passwords. Run a security audit tool: Use lynis or âOpenVAS to scan your server for weaknesses in installed software, configurations, and open ports. Review system policies: âCheck password policies, user privileges, and group memberships âto ensure they follow âthe principle of least privilege. Analyze running services: Identify and disable unnecessary services that increase the attack surface. 2. Harden Network Security Configure firewalls: Set up⢠strict firewall rules using iptables, ufw, or your cloud providerâs firewall to restrict⤠inbound and outbound traffic. Limit â¤open âŁports: Only allow essential ports (e.g., 22 for SSH, 80/443 for web traffic). Implement VPN access: For critical server administration, enforce VPN tunnels â˘to add an extra layer of security. 3. Secure Authentication Mechanisms Switch âto key-based SSH authentication: Disable password⢠login to prevent brute-force attacks. Enable multi-factor authentication (MFA): Wherever possible, introduce MFA for all administrative âaccess. Use strong passwords and rotate them: If passwords must be âused,enforce complexity⤠and periodic⢠changes. 4. Update and⢠Patch Softwareâ Regularly Enable automatic updates: Configure your â˘server to automatically âreceiveâ security patches for the OS and installed applications. Verify patch status: Periodically check versions of critical â˘software⤠to ensure they areâ up to date. 5. Configure System Integrity and Logging Install intrusion⤠detection systems (IDS): â Use tools like Tripwire or AIDE toâ monitor changes in system files. Set up âŁcentralized logging and monitoring: Collect logs with tools like syslog, Graylog, or Splunk to detect⤠anomalies quickly. Review logs â˘regularly: Look for repeated login failures, unexpected â¤system changes, or new â¤user accounts. 6. Apply Security Best Practices Disableâ rootâ login: prevent direct root âaccess via SSH; rather,use sudo for privilege escalation. Restrict user commands: Limit shell⢠access and commands using âtools like sudoers â¤or restricted shells. Encrypt sensitive data: Use encryption for data â˘at rest (e.g., disk encryption)⢠and in transit (e.g., TLS/SSL). Backup configurations and data: Maintain regular, secure backups to facilitate recoveryâ from attacks or failures. Additional Tips and Warnings Tip: Test changes on a staging environment before applying them to production to avoid service disruptions. Warning: â Avoid disabling security components unless you fully âunderstand the consequences. Tip: Document âŁall configuration changes and security policies for auditing and compliance purposes.
Warning: ⢠Never expose unnecessaryâ services â˘to theâ internet;⢠always verify exposure with port scanning tools. Summary Table: Key Server Security âŁChecks Security AspectCheck or ActionFrequencyNetwork PortsScan open⣠ports and block unauthorized onesWeeklySoftware â¤UpdatesApply patches and updatesDaily⤠or WeeklyAuthenticationVerify SSH keys,passwords,MFAMonthlyLogsReview logs for suspicious activityDailyFirewall RulesAudit and⢠update firewall configurationsMonthly By following â˘this structured guide,you can confidently analyze and harden your server security âconfigurations. Remember, security is a⢠continuous process â regular audits, timely updates, and proactive monitoring âŁwill â¤help safeguard your server against âevolving âthreats. Ethical hacking principles emphasize protecting systems responsibly, and mastering server security⤠is a⣠crucial step in this journey.
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IPTABLES : Introduction to Linux Firewall
IPTABLES : Introduction to Linux Firewall

IPTABLES : Introduction to Linux Firewall
 Linux is the most-used open source operating system. Managing network traffic is one of the toughest jobs to deal with.  For this, we must configure the firewall in such a way that it meets the system and users requirements without leaving the system vulnerable. The default firewall in most of the Linux distributions is IPTables.
IPTables is a standardâŚ
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#and SSL port firewall#Checking current Iptables status#Checking current Iptables status firewall#Defining chain rules firewall#Defining chain rules iptables#Deleting rules of iptables#Dropping all other traffic iptables#Enabling connections on HTTP#Enabling traffic on localhost firewall#Enabling traffic on localhost iptables#Filtering packets based on source iptables#installing firewall#installing iptables#IPTABLES : Introduction to Linux Firewall#Linux#Save changes to iptables#SSH
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Janetter please check firewall settings

In the example, the rule set allows incoming connections to port 22 from both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. The rule set at the bottom indicates the types of traffic that are allowed to connect to and egress from the Droplet.The provided example shows that the incoming policy is to deny connections to the Droplet from outside sources, and the outgoing policy allows traffic from the Droplet to connect to the public internet. Default: Indates the current incoming and outgoing traffic policies.Status: Indicates that the firewall is actively enforcing traffic rules.If UFW is currently active, it returns output similar to the following:Äefault: deny (incoming), allow (outgoing), disabled (routed)Ģ2/tcp (OpenSSH (v6)) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6) If you receive the message Status: inactive, UFW is not currently configured to manage your firewall and you can try reviewing your Dropletâs firewall settings with iptables. We recommend using UFW to manage your firewall rules as it is the most user-friendly firewall interface.ÄŞdding the verbose argument returns a more detailed status of the firewall. Use one of the following tools to review the firewall rules on the Droplet. If the Droplet has active firewall policies, you can begin reviewing your firewalls rules in the next section. Ufw-reject-input all - anywhere anywhereÄŞCCEPT tcp - anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:2222 Ufw-after-logging-input all - anywhere anywhere Ufw-before-logging-input all - anywhere anywhere In the sample output below, IPTables returned firewall policies that are set to only accept TCP traffic on port 2222 and were configured using UFW. If the command returns longer output with policies set to DROP, the Dropletâs firewall is active. If the command returns the following output, the Droplet does not have any active filtering rules and you can skip to the next section. To see if you have any firewall rules in place on your Droplet, run: iptables -L IPTables is a utility program that manages firewalls and is native to all Linux operating systems. You can check to see if any firewall rules are active on your Droplet before troubleshooting them further using IPTables. Review and correct (or disable) any firewall rules if the Dropletâs firewall is active.ÄŹheck that your Droplet Firewall is Active.Check to see if your Dropletâs firewall is active.In this step of the Connectivity Troubleshooting Guide, you will: If your infrastructure also includes cloud firewalls, follow the cloud firewall connectivity troubleshooting guide as well to ensure that the two firewalls do not have conflicting rule sets. Use this guide to debug your host-based firewall settings for errors. If a host-based firewall on your Droplet is misconfigured, it can prevent connections to or from your computer.

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