#DC motor driver

[pragya0123]

High-Performance Brushless DC Motor Driver (ESC) | Efficient Speed Control and Precision

[custommarketinsights]

At 6.8%CAGR, Global Electric DC Motors Market Size & Share Surpass US$ 27.7 Bn By 2030, Forecast & Analysis Report | CMI

 According to the study, The Global Electric DC Motors Market was estimated at USD 18.6 Billion in 2021 and is anticipated to reach around USD 27.7 Billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of roughly 6.8% between 2022 and 2030.

Electric DC Motors Market: Overview

Electric DC motors are frequently employed in various industrial applications to carry out various industrial operations. Electric DC motors are used for energy conversion in almost every mechanical advancement since they transform electrical energy into mechanical energy. The steady expansion of industrial automation primarily drives the market for electric DC motors.

Several industry sectors have incorporated industrial automation components in the past few years. Industries are changing their business procedures to compete in the fast-paced commercial environment. During the projected period, these factors are anticipated to support the expansion of the worldwide electric DC motor market.

Electric DC Motors Market: Growth Drivers Future demand for DC type is anticipated to be enormous because of factors including the concerted efforts of governments worldwide to promote manufacturing and the growing popularity of electric vehicles. Numerous countries have revised their energy regulation rules due to the excessive usage of conventional energy sources, such as fuels, and their quick depletion. Utilizing these motors results in cleaner consumption and cost-effective cost reduction.

The rate at which industrial industries are automating and modernizing their processes is dangerously high due to the increasing demand for goods. A significant level of modernization has also been achieved in conventional agricultural machinery, which makes considerable use of DC motors. Due to rising demand brought on by these factors, the electric DC motors market is anticipated to grow throughout the forecast period.

Get a sample of the report:https://www.custommarketinsights.com/request-for-free-sample/?reportid=18935

Key Insights: A) As per the analysis shared by our research analyst, the Electric DC Motors market is estimated to grow annually at a CAGR of around 10% over the forecast period (2022-2030). B) In terms of revenue, the Electric DC Motors market size was valued at around USD 18.6 billion in 2021 and is projected to reach USD 27.7 billion by 2030. Due to a variety of driving factors, the market is predicted to rise at a significant rate. C) Based on type segmentation, the brushed DC segment was predicted to show maximum market share in 2021. D) Based on the voltage segmentation, the 0 – 750-Watt segment was the leading revenue-generating category in 2021. E) Based on end-use industries segmentation, the industrial machinery segment was the leading revenue-generating category in 2021. F) Based on geography/region, the Asia Pacific region was the leading revenue generator in 2021.

Press Release For Electric DC Motors Market: https://www.custommarketinsights.com/press-releases/electric-dc-motor-market/

Regional Landscape The Asia Pacific region will lead the electric DC motor market in 2021. Over the projection period, developed regions like North America and Europe are anticipated to experience consistent expansion. The demand for these motors is anticipated to increase over the next several years as the U.S. government encourages the production of electric vehicles. The industry in Europe is also being driven by government subsidy programs for electric vehicles to protect the environment from carbon emissions.

[mechtex]

Mectex DC Stepper Motor

We have  various types of stepper motors like  Unipolar stepper motor, bipolar stepper motor, micro stepper motor and stepper driver that use in Applications like welding, textile machines and printing presses.

Visit us at https://www.mechtex.com

[bmcmotor]

[justinspoliticalcorner]

Rachel Leingang at The Guardian:

To hear Donald Trump tell it, America’s cities are in dire shape and in need of a federal intervention. “We’re going to rebuild our cities into beacons of hope, safety and beauty – better than they have ever been before,” he said during a recent speech to the National Rifle Association in what has become a common refrain on the campaign trail. “We will take over the horribly run capital of our nation, Washington DC.” Trump has for years railed against cities, particularly those run by Democratic officials, as hotbeds for crime and moral decay. He called Atlanta a “record setting Murder and Violent Crime War Zone” last year, a similar claim he makes frequently about various cities.

His allies have an idea of how to capitalize on that agenda and make cities in Trump’s image, detailed in the conservative Project 2025: unleash new police forces on cities like Washington DC, withhold federal disaster and emergency grants unless they follow immigration policies like detaining undocumented immigrants and share sensitive data with the federal government for immigration enforcement purposes.

Project 2025’s Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise, an extensive document breaking down each part of the federal government and recommending changes to be made to advance rightwing policy, was created by the Heritage Foundation, with dozens of conservative organizations and prominent names contributing chapters based on their backgrounds. This part of the project is another Republican attempt at a crackdown on so-called “sanctuary” cities, places around the country that don’t cooperate with the federal government on enforcing harsh immigration policies.

[...]

The threat of withholding federal funds

Republicans, cheered on by Trump, have worked to make immigration a key issue in cities across the country by busing migrants from the US-Mexico border inland, to places run by Democrats like New York, DC and Chicago, overwhelming the social safety net in these cities. The idea of using federal funds granted by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (Fema) to force immigration changes are included in a chapter about the Department of Homeland Security, written by Ken Cuccinelli, Trump’s former deputy secretary of homeland security.

The chapter’s initial recommendation is to dismantle DHS entirely, create a border-focused agency comprised of other immigration-related organizations and farm out the rest of its components to existing agencies (or privatize them, in the case of the Transportation Security Administration). It’s not directly clear whether the aim is to use all Fema funds – including those that help cities and states in the immediate aftermath of an emergency like a tornado or flood – or large grant programs for things like emergency preparedness. One line in the chapter says “post-disaster or nonhumanitarian funding” could be exempt from the immigration policy requirements. The chapter also suggests that cities and states should take on more of the burden of financially responding to disasters.

[...]

One of the conditions Project 2025 suggests is requiring states or localities to share information with the federal government for law and immigration enforcement, and specifies that this would include both department of motor vehicle and voter registration databases. This is of particular interest in many cities because 19 states and Washington DC allow undocumented people to get drivers licenses, the Niskanen Center, a thinktank that delved into the project’s immigration aims, points out. These licenses help with public safety by decreasing the potential for hit-and-runs and increasing work hours, among other benefits, the center writes. If a city or state is forced to choose between issuing licenses and then sharing this information for use by immigration authorities, or accessing emergency funds for their whole population in a crisis, it’ll be tough for them to deny Fema money, said Cecilia Esterline, an immigration research analyst at the Niskanen Center.

Donald Trump’s war on urban cities is part of the wretched far-right Project 2025 plan, including crackdowns on sanctuary cities.

See Also:

The Guardian: What is Project 2025 and what does it have to do with a second Trump term?

[harveydenttiephysics]

From Teen Titans #48 (1977)

1977? Flash from the Past 1977? The year of the first flight of the United States Space Shuttle? The year Uranus' rings were discovered? The 7th year Columbo was nominated for at least one Prime Time Emmy? The year The Commodore PET was introduced? The Year The Clash released "White Riot"? The year Allen Bussey did 20,302 yo-yo loops? The year Star Wars was released in theatres? The year the International Computer Chess Association was formed? The year Electric Light Orchestra released international chart-topping song "Telephone Line"? The year the United States State of New Jersey started allowing casino gambling in Atlantic City? The year Paul Hackett was on the cover of Skateboarder Magazine? The year Silver St. Cloud made her first apearance in Detective Comics #470? The year we started using fiber-optics for communication? The year the musical Annie won a Tony Award? The year that one guy was struck by lighting for the 7th time? The year Barbra Streisand and Paul Williams won Best Original Song? The year Sadaharu Oh hit his 756th home run? The year the Eagles won Record of the Year with "Hotel California"? The year DC Comics raised the price of a standard comic book from 30 to 35 cents? The year Ellen Berryman won the women's division in the Skateboarding Freestyle World Campionships? The year Fleetwood Mac won Album of the Year with "Rumours"? The year General Motors introduced the Oldsmobile 88? The year The Carpenters released "I Just Fall In Love Again"? The year the MRI was becoming viable for medical use? The year the circus opera "Houdini" premiered in Amsterdam, Netherlands? The year Ringo Starr released "Ringo the 4th"? The year Alan Alda won M*A*S*H their 8th Emmy? The year DC revived Aquaman? The year Princess Beatrice opened the Amsterdam metro? The year Faye Dunaway won Best Actress? The year Canada started showing a regular TV broadcast of parliament? The year Walter Browne won his third straight US chess championship? The year of the Snake? The year Martin Scorsese's Taxi Driver was nominated for 4 Academy Awards? The year A. J. Foyt became the first person to win the Indianapolis 500 four times? The year Freaky Friday made $25,942,00 at the box office? The year the Apple II computer entered the technology market? The year The Sex Pistols release chart-topping album "Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols"? The year Joel Benjamin became a chess master at the age of 13? The year of the Dover Demon sightings in the town of Dover, Massachusetts? That 1977? 🫠 x40

Green 🛑

Two-Tone Coat! With Pattern! ⭐⭐⭐⭐

uneven split 🛑🤔🛑

two-tone hair ⭐

pussy ass shirt 🛑🛑🛑

Two-tone tie! ⭐⭐

Clip on Tie? 🤔🤔🤔

OH HI DUELA! ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Duela in jonker form 🛑

debated filicide 🛑🛑🛑🛑🛑🛑🛑

FUCKED UP HAND!!!11!!1 ⭐⭐⭐⭐

Split teeth, but in a way that could logically make sense ⭐⭐

no glove 🛑🛑

tie and coat cordination ⭐

Oh i so wish I could see your shoes 🤔

Dick is also Here 🤔

Gilda Mention ⭐

Awareness of his own disordered thinking ⭐

continued deranged behavior ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

STAR TOTAL ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

HMMM TOTAL 🤔🤔🤔🤔🤔🤔

FAIL TOTAL 🛑🛑🛑🛑🛑🛑🛑🛑🛑🛑🛑🛑🛑🛑🛑🛑

LOSS OF ALL SELF CONTROL TOTAL 🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠🫠

[bwwhitney]

Some of you know that I dabble in iRacing, which is a motor racing computer simulation. I'm not very good at it but I do have fun. The game software is capable of driving an Arduino mini computer controlling 12 volt DC motors which through levers and linkages move the "rig". The rig moves the way a car would move while driving. The driver can feel the forces of acceleration, braking, cornering, and traction loss / oversteer.

What you see here is a Very Ugly, Very Preliminary prototype motion rig made from leftover parts and scrap. The next step is to hook up the electronics. If everything works on the prototype I can start building something that might not be so ugly.

[arjunvib]

How does an engine contribute to a car's powertrain?

The powertrain in a vehicle is the system responsible for generating power and delivering it to the wheels to propel the vehicle forward. The operation of a powertrain can vary depending on whether the vehicle is powered by an internal combustion engine (ICE) or an electric motor (in the case of electric vehicles). Here's a general overview of how a powertrain works in both types of vehicles:

Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Vehicle - Combustion Process: In an ICE vehicle, the powertrain starts with the combustion process in the engine. Fuel (gasoline or diesel) mixes with air in the combustion chamber and is ignited by spark plugs (in gasoline engines) or compression (in diesel engines).

Power Generation: The combustion process generates energy in the form of mechanical power, causing pistons to move up and down within the cylinders of the engine. This motion drives the crankshaft, converting linear motion into rotational motion.

Transmission: The rotational motion from the crankshaft is transmitted to the transmission, which consists of gears that allow the driver to select different ratios (speeds). This enables the engine to operate efficiently across a range of vehicle speeds.

Drivetrain: The transmission sends power to the drivetrain components, including the driveshaft, differential, and axles, which transfer power to the wheels. The differential allows the wheels to rotate at different speeds, enabling smooth turns.

Wheel Movement: The power transmitted through the drivetrain causes the wheels to rotate, propelling the vehicle forward or backward depending on the gear selection and throttle input from the driver.

Electric Vehicle (EV) -

Battery Pack: The primary source of power for the EV, storing electricity in chemical form.Powers the electric motor and provides electricity for all electronic devices within the EV.

Battery Management System (BMS): Monitors battery cell conditions, including voltage, current, temperature, and state of charge (SoC).It protects the battery against overcharging, deep discharging, and overheating and helps balance the charge across cells. Ensures optimal performance and longevity of the battery by regulating its environment.

Inverter: Converts DC from the battery pack into AC to drive the electric motor.Adjusts the frequency and amplitude of the AC output to control the motor’s speed and torque. Critical for translating electrical energy into mechanical energy efficiently.

Onboard Charger: Facilitates the conversion of external AC (from the grid) to DC to charge the battery pack. Integrated within the vehicle, allowing for charging from standard electrical outlets or specialized EV charging stations. Manages charging rate based on battery status to ensure safe and efficient charging.

DC-DC Converter: Steps down the high-voltage DC from the battery pack to the lower-voltage DC needed for the vehicle's auxiliary systems, such as lighting, infotainment, and climate control. Ensures compatibility between the high-voltage battery system and low-voltage electronic components.

Electric Motor: Converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to propel the vehicle. It can be of various types, such as induction motors or permanent magnet synchronous motors, each offering different efficiencies and characteristics. Typically provides instant torque, resulting in rapid acceleration.

Vehicle Control Unit (VCU): The central computer or electronic control unit (ECU) that governs the EV's systems. Processes inputs from the vehicle’s sensors and driver inputs to manage power delivery, regenerative braking, and vehicle dynamics. Ensures optimal performance, energy efficiency, and safety.

Power Distribution Unit (PDU): Manages electrical power distribution from the battery to the EV’s various systems. Ensures that components such as the electric motor, onboard charger, and DC-DC converter receive the power they need to operate efficiently. Protects the vehicle's electrical systems by regulating current flow and preventing electrical faults.

In both ICE vehicles and EVs, the powertrain's components work together to convert energy into motion, enabling the vehicle to move efficiently and effectively. However, the specific technologies and processes involved differ significantly between the two propulsion systems.

[learning-robotics]

Robotics Project Ideas for All Skill Levels: From Beginner to Advanced

Beginner Projects

Line Following Robot

Description: A robot that follows a pre-defined path marked by a line on the floor. The line can be of any color, but black on a white background is commonly used.

Components: Microcontroller (like Arduino), IR sensors, DC motors, motor driver, chassis, wheels.

Learning Outcomes: Basic electronics, sensor integration, and motor control.

Obstacle Avoidance Robot

Description: A robot designed to navigate its environment and avoid obstacles. It uses sensors to detect objects in its path and changes direction to avoid collisions.

Components: Ultrasonic sensors, microcontroller, motors, motor driver, chassis, wheels.

Learning Outcomes: Understanding of sensor data processing, basic programming, and control systems.

Bluetooth-Controlled Robot

Description: A robot that can be controlled via a smartphone or other Bluetooth-enabled devices. Commands are sent wirelessly to move the robot in different directions.

Components: Bluetooth module, microcontroller, motors, motor driver, chassis, wheels.

Learning Outcomes: Wireless communication, mobile app development, microcontroller programming.

Voice-Controlled Robot

Description: A robot that responds to voice commands, allowing you to control its movements through spoken instructions.

Components: Microphone, speech recognition module, microcontroller, motors, motor driver, chassis, wheels.

Learning Outcomes: Introduction to speech recognition, interfacing sensors, and control mechanisms.

Light Following Robot

Description: A robot that follows a light source. It can be used to follow a flashlight or navigate toward a lighted area.

Components: Light sensors, microcontroller, motors, motor driver, chassis, wheels.

Learning Outcomes: Sensor integration, basic electronics, programming.

Before next read this Robotic Revolution

Intermediate Projects

Self-Balancing Robot

Description: A robot that maintains its balance on two wheels, similar to a Segway. It uses sensors to detect its tilt and adjusts the motors to stay upright.

Components: Gyroscope, accelerometer, microcontroller, motors, motor driver, wheels.

Learning Outcomes: Understanding of feedback control systems, sensor fusion, and motor control.

Robotic Arm

Description: A robotic arm capable of performing simple tasks like picking and placing objects. It can be controlled manually or programmed to follow a sequence of movements.

Components: Servo motors, microcontroller, various sensors (like pressure or touch), structural components.

Learning Outcomes: Kinematics, servo control, programming for sequential tasks.

Maze-Solving Robot

Description: A robot that can navigate through a maze and find the exit. It uses algorithms to decide the best path and avoid dead ends.

Components: IR or ultrasonic sensors, microcontroller, motors, motor driver, chassis, wheels.

Learning Outcomes: Algorithm implementation, sensor data interpretation, navigation strategies.

Remote-Controlled Spy Robot

Description: A small robot equipped with a camera that can be controlled remotely to explore and send live video feed.

Components: Wireless camera, microcontroller, motors, motor driver, chassis, wheels, remote control.

Learning Outcomes: Wireless video transmission, remote control systems, motor and sensor integration.

Line Following Robot with Obstacle Detection

Description: A robot that not only follows a line but also detects and avoids obstacles on its path. It combines line following and obstacle avoidance features.

Components: IR sensors, ultrasonic sensors, microcontroller, motors, motor driver, chassis, wheels.

Learning Outcomes: Integration of multiple sensor data, complex programming logic, advanced control systems.

Advanced Projects

Humanoid Robot

Description: A robot designed to resemble a human body. It can perform tasks like walking, speaking, and interacting with its environment.

Components: Servo motors, microcontroller, sensors (accelerometer, gyroscope), structural components.

Learning Outcomes: Advanced kinematics, complex control algorithms, humanoid robotics.

Autonomous Delivery Robot

Description: A robot that can autonomously navigate to deliver packages within a designated area. It uses GPS and other sensors to determine its location and avoid obstacles.

Components: GPS module, ultrasonic sensors, camera, microcontroller, motors, motor driver, chassis, wheels.

Learning Outcomes: Autonomous navigation, path planning, integration of multiple sensors.

Robotic Exoskeleton

Description: A wearable robotic suit that can assist with movement, enhancing the strength and endurance of the user.

Components: Servo motors, sensors (like pressure, motion), microcontroller, structural components.

Learning Outcomes: Biomechanics, actuator control, wearable robotics.

Quadruped Robot

Description: A four-legged robot capable of walking, running, and navigating various terrains. It mimics the movement of animals like dogs or cats.

Components: Servo motors, microcontroller, sensors (accelerometer, gyroscope), structural components.

Learning Outcomes: Gait analysis, dynamic stability, complex movement programming.

Swarm Robotics

Description: A group of small robots that work together to complete tasks. They communicate and coordinate to achieve goals like collective exploration or object transport.

Components: Multiple small robots, communication modules, microcontroller, various sensors.

Learning Outcomes: Distributed systems, communication protocols, cooperative robotics.

[sweet7simple]

Terms and definitions that you can maybe apply to your fan works

I don't know anything about computer or mechanical engineering (it's very funny to me that I am in the Transformers fandom and I don't even care about cars), but I do care about improving my writing. I have gathered a list of terms that sound very sciencey and applicable to mechs, some from Martha Wells's "Murderbot Diaries," some from fanfiction/fandom (shout-out to the Crime in Crystals series by Aard_Rinn and Baebeyza, they wrote Transformers better than any Transformers comic/TV show did), and a lot from just surfing through Google and going, "well, what the hell is this? Okay, but what the hell is THAT?".

Also, as I was writing this post, I ended up getting sucked into this article:

And this really bloated my already long list of terms. Very easy to read if you want to glance it over yourself.

It's not an exhaustive list and who knows if it will be useful to you - but maybe you can reblog with your own add-ons of terms and definitions you think make a Transformers fan work just that much better.

The list is below the cut:

100% CPU Load - CPU is fully occupied with too many processors/applications/drivers/operations - not necessarily synonymous with an overload.

Actuators* - A device that causes a machine or other device to operate (Ex: a computerized unit instructs the actuator how to move the tires on a vehicle); create linear and rotary movement (Ex: A hydraulic actuator on a valve will move that valve in response to a sensor/signal); Linear actuators "move a piston back and forth inside a cylinder to build pressure and 'actuate', or complete an action".

* Think of actuators as devices that help produce linear motion and motors as devices that help produce rotational movement. Hence, some consider actuators as a type of motor. But a motor is not a type of actuator (jhfoster.com).

Alternator - Converts mechanical energy to electrical energy with an alternating current. The stator and rotor inside the alternator work as magnets and rotate to generate the alternating current. Then the alternating current (AC) is transformed into a direct current (DC) that charges the battery.

Archive (Archive files) - used to collect multiple data files together into a single file for easier portability and storage, or simply to compress files to use less storage space.

Arithmetic Log Unit (ALU) - the part of a central processing unit that carries out arithmetic and logic operations on the operands in computer instruction words. In some processors, the ALU is divided into two units: an arithmetic unit (AU) and a logic unit (LU).

Augment - Make something greater; increase.

Auxiliary Battery - Designed to run as a backup to the starting battery and provide power to some essential equipment like engine start/stop and other systems that require power while the engine is off to put less strain on the main battery and alternator.

Bandwidth - A measurement indicating the maximum capacity of a wired or wireless communications link to transmit data over a network connection in a given amount of time.

Behavioral Coding - A term used in Martha Wells' Murderbot Diaries; essential, code for behaviors.

Branch Instructions - Use programming elements like if-statements, for-loops, and return-statements; used to interrupt the program execution and switch to a different part of the code.

Branch Predictors - Track the status of previous branches to learn whether or not an upcoming branch is likely to be taken or not.

Buffer - A region of memory used to store data temporarily while it is being moved from one place to another.

Cathodes vs Anodes - Cathodes are the positive electrode while the anode is the negative electrode; electrons flow from the anode to the cathode and this creates the flow of electric charge in a battery or electrochemical cell.

Catastrophic Failure - Complete, sudden and unexpected breakdown in a machine, indicating improper maintenance.

Central Processing Unit (CPU) - Primary component of a computer that acts as its "control center"; complex set of circuitry that runs the machine's operating systems and apps; the brains of the computer. * Components: Instruction Set Architecture (ISA), Control Unit (CU), Datapath, Instruction Cycle, Registers, Combinational Logic, the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), etc...

Clock - Determines how many instructions a CPU can process per second; increasing its frequency through overclocking will make instructions run faster, but will increase power consumption and heat output.

Combustion Chambers - An enclosed space in which combustion takes place, such as an engine; jet engines also have combustion chambers.

Condition Codes - Extra bits kept by a processor that summarize the results of an operation and that affect the execution of later instructions.

Control Bus - Manages the communication between the computer's CPU and its other components.

Control Unit (CU) - Manages the execution of instructions and coordinates data flow within the CPU and between other computer components.

Cybermetal - Element native to Cybertron and Cybertron alone.

Datapath - The path where data flows as it is processed; receives input, processes it, and sends it out to the right place when done processing; datapaths are told how to operate by the CU; depending on instructions, a datapath can route signals to different components, turn on and off different parts of itself, and monitor the state of the CPU.

Diagnostic and Data Repair Sequence - Term used in Martha Wells' Murderbot Diaries; exactly what it sounds like.

Diode - A semiconductor device with two terminals (a cathode and an anode), typically allowing the flow of current in one direction only.

Discrete Circuit vs Integrated Circuit- Single device with a single function (ex: Transistor, diode) vs Devices with multiple functional elements on one chip (ex: Memories, microprocessor IC and Logic IC).

Drivers - A set of files that help software (digital components, such as Microsoft Office) interface/work with hardware (physical components, such as a keyboard); allows an operating system and a device to communicate.

Electromagnetic (EM) Field - A combination of invisible electric and magnetic fields of force; used in fandom by mechs to broadcast emotions to others.

Flags - A value that acts as a signal for a function or process. The value of the flag is used to determine the next step of a program; flags are often binary flags which contain a boolean value (true or false).

Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC) - Consists of an electronic control unit (ECU) and related accessors that control aircraft engine performances.

Gestation Tank - Used in mech pregnancies, you can pry it from my cold, dead hands.

Heads Up Display (HUD) - A part of the user interface that visually conveys information to the player during gameplay.

Heat Spreader - Often used in computer processors to prevent them from overheating during operation; transfers energy as heat from a hotter source to a colder heat sink or heat exchanger.

HUB - A device that connects multiple computers and devices to a local area network (LAN).

Inductive Charging - How I imagine berths work; wireless power transfer (ex: Wireless charger or charging pad used for phones).

Instruction Cycle - Also known as fetch-decode-execute cycle; basic operation performed by a CPU to execute an instruction; consists of several steps, each of which performs a specific function in the execution of the instruction.

Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) - The figurative blueprint for how the CPU operates and how all the internal systems interact with each other (I think of it like a blueprint for the brain).

Irising - Term used in fanfiction (specifically the Crime in Crystals series) to describe the action of the of the spark chamber opening ("The Talk", chapter 6, my absolute favorite chapter out of the entire series). I just really liked how the word sounded in that context.

Life Codes - "For those of us who were forged, Primus, through Vector Sigma, generated a pulse wave. Each one a data-saturated life code faster than thought, brighter than light, racing across Cybertron, sowing sparks..." (~Tyrest/Solomus, Volume 5 of More Than Meets the Eye)

Memory Hierarchy - Represents the relationship between caches, RAM, and main storage; when a CPU receives a memory instruction for a piece of data that it doesn't yet have locally in its registers, it will go down the memory hierarchy until it finds it.

Levels: L1 cache (usually smallest and fastest), L2 cache, L3 cache, RAM, and then main storage (usually biggest and slowest); available space and latency (delay) increase from one level to the next

Depending on the multi-core (a core is usually synonymous with a CPU) system, each core will have its own private L1 cache, share an L2 with one other core, and share an L3 with more or more cores.

Motors* - Any power unit that generates motion; electric motors work by converting electrical energy into mechanical energy... when this happens within a magnetic field, a force is generated which causes shaft rotation.

Multitasking Operating System - Allows users to run multiple programs and tasks almost simultaneously without losing data; manage system resources (such as computer memory and input/output devices), allocate resources, enable multiple users, and eliminate long wait times for program execution.

Network - A set of computers sharing resources located on or provided by network nodes. Computers use common communication protocols over digital interconnections to communicate with each other.

Network Feed - The continuously updating stream of content that users encounter on networking platforms.

Neural Network - A type of machine learning process that uses interconnected nodes (like neurons) to teach computers to process data in a way similar to the human brain; a form of deep learning that can help computers learn from their mistakes and improve their time.

Nimbus - A luminous cloud or a halo surrounding a supernatural being or a saint; has been used in fanfiction synonymously or in junction with the corona of the spark.

Nodes - A connection point between devices that allows data to be sent and received between them.

Oil Sump/Oil Pan - Don't forget to change your mech's oil.

Out-Of-Order Execution - A paradigm used to minimize downtime while waiting for other instructions to finish; allows a CPU to choose the most timely instructions to execute out of an instruction queue.

Overload - Orgasm; an electrical overload occurs when too much electricity passes through a circuit, exceeding its capacity; an information overload is when a system receives more input than it can process, or a state of being overwhelmed by the amount of data presented for processing.

Pedes - Feet

Pipelining - A technique used in computer architecture that allows a processor to execute multiple instructions simultaneously, improving overall performance.

Processing Capacity - The ability and speed of a processor, and how many operations it can carry out in a given amount of time.

Program Counter - A special register in a computer processor that contains the memory address (location) of the next program instruction to be executed.

Programmable Nanobots/Nanites - Cybertronian microbots programmed to do work at the molecular level; used popularly for surface healing and pigment in mechs.

Protected Storage - Provides applications with an interface to store user data that must be kept secure or free from modification; a storage method; a function in mainframe hardware.

Protoform - Formed of an ultra-dense liquid metal and are extremely hard to damage; the most basic Cybertronian form of raw, free-flowing living metal; first stage of Cybertronian life cycle

To create a Cybertronian, you need the protoform, the life-giving spark, and alt-form information.

Register - A type of computer memory built directly into the processor or CPU that is used to store and manipulate data during the execution of instructions.

Ex: "When you run a .exe on Windows... the code for that program is moved into memory and the CPU is told what address the first instruction starts at. The CPU always maintains an internal register that holds the memory location of the next instruction to be executed [the Program Counter]"...

Resource Allocations - The process of identifying and assigning available resources to a task or project to support objectives.

Risk Assessment - Focus on identifying the threats facing your information systems, networks, and data and assessing the potential consequences should these adverse events occur.

Routine - A component of a software application that performs a specific task (ex: Saving a file).

Servomechanism - A powered mechanism producing motion or force at a higher level of energy than the input level (ex: In the brakes and steering of large motor vehicles) especially where feedback is employed to make the control automatic.

Servos - Hands

Shellcode - A small piece of executable code used as a payload, built to exploit vulnerabilities in a system or carry out malicious commands. The name comes from the fact that the shellcode usually starts a command shell which allows the attacker to control the compromised machine.

Semiconductor - A material used in electrical circuits and components that partially conduct electricity.

Semiconductor materials include silicon, germanium, and selenium.

Struts - Bones; A rod or bar forming part of a framework and designed to resist compression.

System/System Unit (in computers) - A setup that consists of both hardware and software components organized to perform complex operations/The core of your computer where all the processing happens.

Task Specific Accelerator - Circuits designed to perform one small task as fast as possible (ex: Encription, media encoding & machine learning).

Teek - Used in Transformers fandom in conjunction with EM Fields; when a mech "teeks" another mech's field, they are feeling the emotions that mech is broadcasting.

Transistor - Enables a computer to follow instructions to calculate, compare and copy data.

Universal Serial Bus (USB) - A standard plug-and-play interface that allows computers and peripheral devices to connect with each other, transfer data, and share a power source; allows data exchange and delivery of power between many types of electronics; plug-and-play interface is also a type of sexual activity used in fandom.

Warren - Used to refer to a group of minibots with their own social hierarchy and culture (Seriously, read the Crime in Crystals series, it's better than canon).

[byonic]

I have this delusion that if I can make real life Doc Ock arms she'll become real and love me. So I'm gonna try and do that before I get bored and it becomes another discarded folder of CAD on my desktop.

I'm going to use electromagnets to do it, because that's one of the only ways I could think of trying to replicate the soft robotic arms from Spiderverse. (I know that's not how actual soft robotics work, but I just have a 3d printer so I'm working with what I've got) I'm starting off with a proof of concept, basically just taking an electromagnet, putting it at one end of a shell with some metal on the other end and seeing if I can compress and extend it.

I made an electromagnet calculator to get the dimensions and power requirements needed for the force I want. I originally wanted to get 100N at 75mm gap between top and bottom but that would either require a way beefier power supply or really large coils, so I reduced my expectations. I have some DC motor drivers ordered to actually run the coils and I have a old laptop power supply combined with a buck converter to drop the voltage to the correct level.

For the physical design I went with two half circles intersecting, this was to hopefully make it bend near the middle instead of the ends. I've run some basic FEA on it, but I don't have the material properties for TPU so it mostly just helped to beef up the areas near the threads to prevent them from buckling rather than getting a good simulation of how it will fold. Once I get the magnets working I'll play around with some more exotic shapes to see what works the best. I might even try adjusting the wall thickness through the height.

I just realized that I need to actually find a way to secure the spools to the little caps because right now they're just indexed with the nubs. I thought about super gluing them but I do want to be able to retrieve them at some point for use in future versions.

To actually test them I'm going to hook them up to an Arduino Nano or something with the motor drivers. To actually test how much force they're outputting I though about using a kitchen scale and seeing that way. Another though was to just get a 2kg weight and put it on it. That way if it can lift that up it fulfills the requirements I set up (20N at 75mm gap between magnet and metal). I've also though about making some sort of jig with a load cell. It would let me get more precise data but means I spend time designing and manufacturing more testing infrastructure rather than the actual project.

If I am going to be making more coils, then I might need to think about making a jig or machine for winding them. My calcs say I need coils with a couple hundred turns at least, so making a simple machine to turn them for me would save a lot of time if I want to make a lot of nodules. The main issues I see are getting

If the tests works then I'll move onto a version with four sets of magnets so I can bend the nodule (I'm calling them nodules) in any direction. I'd also like to get some PCBs for controlling them, that way I can connect them up to each other a main hub through I2C or something and collect data like temp. I also have to think about power dissipation because they could sink a good number of Watts, so if I do something funky, like have cut outs for airflow in the PCBs, then have fan at the end of the limb to push air through it could solve that. This is all way in the future though. I need to wait for all the stuff to come in and actually test it.

[the-river-is-right-there-chopper]

DIY Hovercraft debrief

- Hardware: A-

Even with basic skirt design, performance is okay on concrete. By moving the entire rear propeller to steer instead of having a rudder, the hovercraft demonstrates great agility. Reusing the same electronic speed controller, brushless DC motor and propeller models for both thrust and skirt inflation modules simplifies the build process. Based on an expanded polistyrene slab, with trash bag skirt, motors mounted on 2x4 wood planks, (the rear one bolted to a steel angle glued directly to the servo horn), and with a cardboard duct to direct air towards the front propeller, with the front mounted (for balance) battery the hovercraft has the smallest number of parts necessary to function

(additionally matching wood and cardboard colors along with yellowish foam/blue skirt proves a simple but eye pleasing color scheme)

- Software: F

This thing does what it wants and, since I didn't try implementing an AI driver, this is NOT a good thing

[scotianostra]

Happy Birthday former Grand Prix racing driver David Coulthard.

Coulthard was born 1971 in Twynholm, Galloway, south west Scotland. His parents are Duncan and Joyce Coulthard, his father was partner of the haulage firm Coulthard/Hayton. He was educated in Kirkcudbright Academy where, in-between travelling for karting races, he achieved 8 O-Levels, 1 Higher and 6 Detentions, apparently!

David Coulthard’s father Duncan gave him an unorthodox introduction to motor racing. He bought his 12-year-old son a go-kart as a surprise and entered him for a race just three days later.

Those who saw Coulthard’s kart flipped upside down at the very first corner of his racing career might not have tipped him to become a grand prix race winner. But anyone who followed his subsequent karting career, which included a trio of Scottish championship titles between 1983 and 1985, might have figured he was on his way to better things.

Nickname DC he is now a commentator, presenter and journalist. After outgrowing karting he progressed to car racing in the British Formula Ford Championship and the Formula 3000 series.

He made his Formula One debut for Williams during the 1994 Spanish Grand Prix and fetched his first Formula One win at the 1995 Portuguese Grand Prix. In 1996 he joined McLaren and moving on won two races in 1997, five races throughout 1999 and 2000, and finished as runner-up in the 2001 Formula One World Drivers’ Championship. He secured his last win at the 2003 Australian Grand Prix, left McLaren after 2004 season and joined Red Bull in 2005. He made his last Formula One entry at the 2008 Brazilian Grand Prix before retiring from the race later that year.

Thereafter he worked with Red Bull as a consultant and joined the BBC as a commentator and analyst for their Formula One coverage. He also participated in the Race of Champions and won the 2014 and 2018 competitions. Starting from 2016, he has worked for Channel 4 as an analyst and commentator.

He comes across as a likeable guy and has been described as warm, genuine and funny, I wouldn’t say I am an avid fan of motorsport, but I sometimes watch it and his interviews before the races and practice rounds In October 2018 Coulthard was announced as a spokesperson and advisory board member of the forthcoming W Series, a racing championship for women based on Formula 3. The helmet with a saltire that Coulthard wore in his driving days was originally in honour of fellow Scot and friend Colin McRae who died when he crashed his helicopter near his home in 2007.

Now I quite like David, but, in my opinion he did a rather silly thing in 1999, he tried to patent his racing helmet, the one in the pic, stopping people having the saltire on their own ones!

Coulthard's plans were also greeted with dismay by Scottish football fans, famed for dressing up in Saltires. Racing drivers, David Franchetti and John Cleland were both dismayed at the attempt, at the time Franchetti, who also used a saltire on his lid commented

"I don't want to fall out with David so maybe we should sit down and talk about it."

Galashiels Cleland a former touring car champion said

"I was the first to use the St Andrew's Cross and I would never try to stop another Scot from doing the same."

Coulthards manager at the time said The design on David's helmet is not the Scottish flag, it is a blue and white logo which he has used for years. It is also a darker shade of blue.

[quartz-components]

12V High Pressure Mini Water Washer Pump that pumps water. This device is very useful for many purposes. It is used in building science projects, fire extinguishing robots, fire fighting robots, fountain systems, and other things.

This motor is small, compact and light. It is made to spray wiper water, hence its durability is high. It can be controlled by a microcontroller or Arduino using our DC Motor Drivers. You can also control it using our relay boards. You can also use our 12V SM PS power supply adapter to run this pump.