#DPC++

[govindhtech]

SYCL 2020’s Five New Features For Modern C++ Programmers

SYCL

For accelerator-using C++ programmers, SYCL 2020 is interesting. People enjoyed contributing to the SYCL standard, a book, and the DPC++ open source effort to integrate SYCL into LLVM. The SYCL 2020 standard included some of the favorite new features. These are Intel engineers’ views, not Khronos’.

Khronos allows heterogeneous C++ programming with SYCL. After SYCL 2020 was finalized in late 2020, compiler support increased.

SYCL is argued in several places, including Considering a Heterogeneous Future for C++ and other materials on sycl.tech. How will can allow heterogeneous C++ programming with portability across vendors and architectures? SYCL answers that question.

SYCL 2020 offers interesting new capabilities to be firmly multivendor and multiarchitecture with to community involvement.

The Best Five

A fundamental purpose of SYCL 2020 is to harmonize with ISO C++, which offers two advantages. First, it makes SYCL natural for C++ programmers. Second, it lets SYCL test multivendor, multiarchitecture heterogeneous programming solutions that may influence other C++ libraries and ISO C++.

Changing the base language from C++11 to C++17 allows developers to use class template argument deduction (CTAD) and deduction guides, which necessitated several syntactic changes in SYCL 2020.

Backends allow SYCL to target more hardware by supporting languages/frameworks other than OpenCL.

USM is a pointer-based alternative to SYCL 1.2.1’s buffer/accessor concept.

A “built-in” library in SYCL 2020 accelerates reductions, a frequent programming style.

The group library abstracts cooperative work items, improving application speed and programmer efficiency by aligning with hardware capabilities (independent of vendor).

Atomic references aligned with C++20 std::atomic_ref expand heterogeneous device memory models.

These enhancements make the SYCL ecosystem open, multivendor, and multiarchitecture, allowing C++ writers to fully leverage heterogeneous computing today and in the future.

Backends

With backends, SYCL 2020 allows implementations in languages/frameworks other than OpenCL. Thus, the namespace has been reduced to sycl::, and the SYCL header file has been relocated from to .

These modifications affect SYCL deeply. Although implementations are still free to build atop OpenCL (and many do), generic backends have made SYCL a programming approach that can target more diverse APIs and hardware. SYCL can now “glue” C++ programs to vendor-specific libraries, enabling developers to target several platforms without changing their code.

SYCL 2020 has true openness, cross-architecture, and cross-vendor.

This flexibility allows the open-source DPC++ compiler effort to support NVIDIA, AMD, and Intel GPUs by implementing SYCL 2020 in LLVM (clang). SYCL 2020 has true openness, cross-architecture, and cross-vendor.

Unified shared memory

Some devices provide CPU-host memory unified views. This unified shared memory (USM) from SYCL 2020 allows a pointer-based access paradigm instead of the buffer/accessor model from SYCL 1.2.1.

Programming with USM provides two benefits. First, USM provides a single address space across host and device; pointers to USM allocations are consistent and may be provided to kernels as arguments. Porting pointer-based C++ and CUDA programs to SYCL is substantially simplified. Second, USM allows shared allocations to migrate seamlessly between devices, enhancing programmer efficiency and compatibility with C++ containers (e.g., std::vector) and algorithms.

Three USM allocations provide programmers as much or as little data movement control as they want. Device allocations allow programmers full control over application data migration. Host allocations are beneficial when data is seldom utilized and transporting it is not worth the expense or when data exceeds device capacity. Shared allocations are a good compromise that immediately migrate to use, improving performance and efficiency.

Reductions

Other C++ reduction solutions, such as P0075 and the Kokkos and RAJA libraries, influenced SYCL 2020.

The reducer class and reduction function simplify SYCL kernel variable expression using reduction semantics. It also lets implementations use compile-time reduction method specialization for good performance on various manufacturers’ devices.

The famous BabelStream benchmark, published by the University of Bristol, shows how SYCL 2020 reductions increase performance. BabelStream’s basic dot product kernel computes a floating-point total of all kernel work items. The 43-line SYCL 1.2.1 version employs a tree reduction in work-group local memory and asks the user to choose the optimal device work-group size. SYCL 2020 is shorter (20 lines) and more performance portable by leaving algorithm and work-group size to implementation.

Group Library

The work-group abstraction from SYCL 1.2.1 is expanded by a sub-group abstraction and a library of group-based algorithms in SYCL 2020.

Sub_group describes a kernel’s cooperative work pieces running “together,” providing a portable abstraction for various hardware providers. Sub-groups in the DPC++ compiler always map to a key hardware concept SIMD vectorization on Intel architectures, “warps” on NVIDIA architectures, and “wavefronts” on AMD architectures enabling low-level performance optimization for SYCL applications.

In another tight agreement with ISO C++, SYCL 2020 includes group-based algorithms based on C++17: all_of, any_of, none_of, reduce, exclusive_scan, and inclusive_scan. SYCL implementations may use work-group and/or sub-group parallelism to produce finely tailored, cooperative versions of these functions since each algorithm is supported at various scopes.

Atomic references

Atomics improved in C++20 with the ability to encapsulate types in atomic references (std::atomic_ref). This design (sycl::atomic_ref) is extended to enable address spaces and memory scopes in SYCL 2020, creating an atomic reference implementation ready for heterogeneous computing.

SYCL follows ISO C++, and memory scopes were necessary for portable programming without losing speed. Don’t disregard heterogeneous systems’ complicated memory topologies.

Memory models and atomics are complicated, hence SYCL does not need all devices to use the entire C++ memory model to support as many devices as feasible. SYCL offers a wide range of device capabilities, another example of being accessible to all vendors.

Beyond SYCL 2020: Vendor Extensions

SYCL 2020’s capability for multiple backends and hardware has spurred vendor extensions. These extensions allow innovation that provides practical solutions for devices that require it and guides future SYCL standards. Extensions are crucial to standardization, and the DPC++ compiler project’s extensions inspired various elements in this article.

Two new DPC++ compiler features are SYCL 2020 vendor extensions.

Group-local Memory at Kernel Scope

Local accessors in SYCL 1.2.1 allow for group-local memory, which must be specified outside of the kernel and sent as a kernel parameter. This might seem weird for programmers from OpenCL or CUDA, thus has created an extension to specify group-local memory in a kernel function. This improvement makes kernels more self-contained and informs compiler optimizations (where local memory is known at compile-time).

FPGA-Specific Extensions

The DPC++ compiler project supports Intel FPGAs. It seems that the modifications, or something similar, can work with any FPGA suppliers. FPGAs are a significant accelerator sector, and nous believe it pioneering work will shape future SYCL standards along with other vendor extension initiatives.

Have introduced FPGA choices to make buying FPGA hardware or emulation devices easier. The latter allows quick prototyping, which FPGA software writers must consider. FPGA LSU controls allow us to tune load/store operations and request a specific global memory access configuration. Also implemented data placement controls for external memory banks (e.g., DDR channel) to tune FPGA designs via FPGA memory channel. FPGA registers allow major tuning controls for FPGA high-performance pipelining.

Summary

Heterogeneity endures. Many new hardware alternatives focus on performance and performance-per-watt. This trend will need open, multivendor, multiarchitecture programming paradigms like SYCL.

The five new SYCL 2020 features assist provide portability and performance mobility. C++ programmers may maximize heterogeneous computing with SYCL 2020.

Read more on Govindhtech.com

[dailypokemoncrochet]

I love your project!! Ur guys are so cool. I am not commited to crocheting them all but I have made a couple little dudes. Heres a lotad I made with a tiny clove pattern, modifications on the face to make it more game accurate.

waddaheck thats a molecule 😭♥

[mechaffeinated-drawings]

Dusknoir made (mostly) following a pattern that @dailypokemoncrochet kindly shared with me- my favorite spookymon! I had a lot of fun making him :3

[natolesims]

🌼 Official™ Grandma Ella 🌼

[wayhaughtwives]

i’m still here ☺️

[route22ny]

Sixth Avenue, looking uptown from Fourteenth Street in Manhattan, circa 1901. Nice hi-res image.

Photo by Detroit Photographic Company via shorpy.com

[travelbinge]

By DPC_Photography_

Abereiddy Tower, Pembrokeshire, Wales

[armadeer]

without you...

[draconic-distress]

Happy 10th Birthday, Drop Pop Candy!!

-Like what you see? Why not buy a commission?-

[dheerajkilabarai]

Ek Din Bank Mein

"Hum bata rahe hain, aap jo bol rahe hain na, jaroor koi dos oos laga hai aapko. Nahi to aisa narmal nahi hai", ek paan chabata hua anjaan aadmi Dheeraj ko bola.

Dheeraj apna naak sarsarate huye apna bag apne paas jakda. Kaise iss chakkar me oo phasa oo to Dheeraj ko khudo nahi sudh tha. Aisa sab chakkar me kaise Dheeraj baar baar phasta hai uska sudh Dheeraj ko kabhio nahi hota hai.

"Arey nahi nahi bhai, koi dosh vosh nahi hai. BPD jante hain aap? BPD? Wahi hai aur kuch nahi." Ab kahe bank me intejaar karte karte ee kono anjaan admi ko BPD samjha raha tha???

Kaheee ki tum bakne lageee ki mood swingssss ka aurat marad se koio lena dena nahi hai aur apna kahani chapad chapad karne lageeeee

Dheeraj ke matha me ekgo awaj bola. Tch. Phir se intrusive thoughts.

"Ab hum OPD jante hain. Aspatal me hota hai. Ee BPD kya hota hai?"

"Borderline Personality Disorder. Isme ye mood swings hote hain. Mood swing matlab aap jo bol rahe the na pehle? Ki apki missus kabhi itna gussa jatin hain ki ghar me tod phod kar dein aur kabhi aisa shant ho jayengi jaise kuch galat tha hi nahi? Usko mood swing kahte hain.", Dheeraj bade dheeraj se samjhaya.

"Acha.....", anjaan aadmi adha conphyujaya hua aur adha aphsos se Dheeraj ko dekha.

Oo kya aphsos karegaaaaa tumhara to poora jindagie aphsossss hai

'Abey sala chup rahega re?', Dheeraj apni andruni awaj ko dapta. Depression se sach me dimag ka loor sudh sab chaupat ho jata hai. Apne jindagi ka baat idhar thusane ka koio jarurat nahi tha. Lekin shayad ye bolke ki Dheeraj — ek marad — ko bhi mood swing hota hai, oo apna baat beech me ghusaiye diya tha.

"Pch, lekin dekhiye, hum missus ko bhi is baba ke paas le gaye the. Dos hatane ke liye.", anjaan aadmi apna jeb me kuch khojte khojte bola. Aur nikala ekgo card. Bijness card. "Aap inke paas jaiye bahut kaam aayega. Humari missus ko bhi bahut phayda hua."

Dheeraj bhaun kuchakke card ko dekha. "Ee to Bihta me hai. Patna me to nahi hai."

"Ab Bihta bhi to jila Patna hi hai na! Jaiye jaiye, jakar dekhiye."

Dheeraj jane oone wala na tha. Lekin phir bhi card ko pocket me rakh liya. Tab hi oo dekha ki bank ka akela khula counter band ho raha tha. Counter se nikalti hui bank karamchari ke paas Dheeraj daud ke jakar bola , "Arey arey! Rukiye! Kahan ja rahin hain? Hum yaha ek ghante se baithe hain kaam ke liye."

Madam usko aise ghoorin jaise ke Dheeraj baura aura gaya ho. "Abhi lunchtime hai. Do ghante baad aaiye", bolke wo nikal gayin.

"Pch, aurat jaat hi aisi hai. Jo mann me aaye karti hai", paan chabata hua anjaan aadmi piche se comment mara. Aur thaka hua Dheeraj pareshan hokar apna naretti mala.

[callme-adam-iguess]

*You're... Back..?

[dailypokemoncrochet]

Hellooo! I don’t have much to say, BUT, I did wanna show this big guy I made a while back!!

Whoa! Big boi bug boi!

[ovaranae]

if youd wanna know how the testing for autism went:

the doc refused to use any relevant diagnostic tool, no test no quiz no nothing that was designed for autism, refused when I asked them to

surprise of the year: it was not taken into consideration that I am a female and autism looks a bit different in women but we wouldn't know in central europe amirite

the report from the sessions does describe how trauma affects me, but ignores/forgets the source lmao i do be anxious from social situations but the why is a bit.. more indicating of autism. but we wouldn't know bc not important

no questions regarding childhood and how I behaved. I'm sure all children walk on their toes, refuse to talk and obsessively collects and organised littlest pet shop toys right

yes I do look coherent and am trying to look like a normal person, bc i am 24/7 cosplaying as a normal office worker. no shit the masking is.. masking. that.. that's the point but wed have to remember about women masking when diagnosing right 🙃

extreme troubles reading face expessions. but that's just bc I'm stressed and sheltered. no my man I might be sheltered as a kid but I work at HR. I should be able to learn some of those face expressions till now taking im 27 years old highly intelligent (as said in the report, not me praising myself, but I also am lmao) woman.

rhe report ended with: the patient's need to categorise herself and make the diagnosis part of her persona. yes that's why I requested the diagnosis, bc i want to be part of autismcore and it is not a crippling disability that robbed me of years of progress. not to mention that people around here don't still have the mentality that autism = mentally retarded (not as a slur but a medical diagnosis. like the look of it) and that's what I aspire for. it does not have anything to do with the unbelievable pressure I'm under as I'm full time employed and it is taking such a tol I'm suicidal again. nah, not for the financial aid lmao, that's why I paid not exactly small money (for me lol)

I begged him for some stickers he got as it was childrens logopedic clinic and I received them

but I've received a new addition to the quite amusing list of diagnoses which are really suspiciously all comorbid with or misdiagnosed as... you guessed it.. autism . auditory processing disorder...cannot process spoken word very well bc trauma and eating disorder gave me brain injury-like characteristics. not that I'm fuckin autistic w/ a hint of add.

the conclusion? female hysteria/personality disorders and stress relieving therapy will help me with cognitive impairment. as it absolutely did help me in any way for the 8+ years I was in therapy

that really shook my ground but I expected it somehow. I will try again elsewhere but this time I'll bring my own notes and printed tests etc as I wanted to last time but didn't wanna look weird. catch me w the autism binder

and also the psychologist lives in the same building as my ex, it was really nice to meet him in the elevator. I absolutely DID recognise him and it did was not my ex who recognised him first even tho she met him once when she accompanied me there. no issue with facial recognition on my part ofc

so yea that was that

[natolesims]

💖✨ Gentlemen prefer blondes ✨💖

Hi!! Sorry for the unexpected absence, life has been life-ing lately and I haven't got a minute to sit down and breathe. Everything's fine, though!

Anyway, here's a sneak peek to Y.A. Talia. Do we love her? She'll get her blonde era, but I'm not sure if that's her definitive future hair. We'll see. Also, I discovered she's a Serenity™ girly.

[wayhaughtwives]

please come home soon 🥺

[uptownhags]

Started a membership today with a direct primary care doc which is a whole new thing for me. We had a meet and greet chat like real people. My first appointment next week to set my healthcare goals is 90 fckn minutes long. She is already helping with my PT evaluation at the practice I've been trying to get into for 10 years, and new wheelchair. I felt so relieved about the whole thing that at lunch I just laughed for 5 minutes straight!!!