#Datagram

[everythingaboutbiotech]

Design Tips #2: How to Align Graphs in your Designs

[sanguineshade]

The stuff I have to read from this textbook...

"The datagram would simply die and go to datagram heaven"

why are my datagrams catholic, Kurose&Ross Computer Networks 6th edition. Are the datagrams baptized before we send them on their journey to find the right MAC address in a network.

[cabpthedev]

Battle of the Java Web Servers: Which One Reigns Supreme?

The world of web servers is vast and ever-evolving, with new players entering the scene every now and then. For developers seeking the perfect Java web server, it can be quite a daunting task to find the right fit. Fear not, for we have done the research for you and compiled a comparison of six popular Java web servers: Spring HTTP, Micronaut, ActiveJ, Javalin, Vert.x, and Ktor. So, let's dive into this short summary of web java web servers (view the full article)!

Spring HTTP: The Full-Fledged Champion Spring HTTP is not just a web server; it's an entire framework in itself. With support for HTML templating, dependency injection, easy ORM integration, and even GraphQL, Spring HTTP is a powerful choice for building robust web applications. However, it does come with its fair share of disadvantages. It requires the use of Reactive Streams for most threading tasks and struggles to integrate with existing code bases. Additionally, Spring doesn't boast the best performance and consumes more memory compared to other options.

Micronaut: A Microservices Marvel… with Some Drawbacks Micronaut offers an impressive set of features specifically tailored for microservices development. It aims to save developers time by providing a complete microservices framework. However, it falls short in terms of performance, resource usage, and community support when compared to the mighty Spring. Its functionality is also somewhat limited, making it less appealing for more complex projects.

ActiveJ: Lightweight, Modular, and Performance-Oriented For those seeking top-notch performance and a seamless integration with existing code bases, ActiveJ is a strong contender. With its included serialization and ease of support for raw TCP sockets, ActiveJ shines in the performance arena. However, it does have a steeper learning curve due to its new concepts and lacks cross-language compatibility with its serializer.

Javalin: Simple Yet Powerful, with Kotlin in Mind Javalin is an attractive option for developers looking for an easy-to-use web server that integrates well with existing code bases. With its completable futures for threading support and built-in WebSocket server functionality, Javalin is a reasonable choice. However, it lacks some advanced features and feels more targeted towards Kotlin developers, making it a bit less versatile in java heavy environments.

Vert.x: A Complete, Powerful Solution Vert.x offers a feature set similar to Javalin but with a stronger focus on enterprise applications. With its unique threading system, built-in event bus, and extensive support for websockets, TCP sockets, and datagram sockets, Vert.x is a powerful all in one solution for your web server needs, but without the baggage of spring. On top of all of that, Vert.x handles larger code bases well and offers better performance compared with Javalin. However, its Kotlin support is not as extensive, and integrating Vert.x threads with other tools may pose some challenges, but is easily possible.

Ktor: The Kotlin Enthusiast's Choice As the name suggests, Ktor is all about Kotlin. With native KotlinX.Coroutines support and simplicity at its core, Ktor makes it a breeze for Kotlin enthusiasts to build web applications. It even doubles as an HTTP/websocket client for added convenience. However, Ktor falls behind in terms of performance, lacks the versatility of supporting other languages, and may come with additional charges for accessing all its features in certain IDEs.

In conclusion, the battle of Java web servers is a fierce one, with each contender offering its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Spring HTTP stands out as a full-fledged framework with extensive features, while ActiveJ excels in performance and modularity. Javalin and Vert.x provide ease of use and enterprise-level capabilities, with javalin being more Kotlin-centric, and Vert.x being more complete and suitable for larger projects. Micronaut is aimed at microservices but has room for improvement in terms of performance and community support. Lastly, Ktor caters to die-hard Kotlin fans but sacrifices performance and language versatility.

Ultimately, the choice of a web server boils down to your specific needs and preferences. So, strap on your developer hat, analyze your project requirements, and choose the web server that suits you best. Happy coding!

View the full article on for free, on Medium

[fabiopempy]

Datagram Launches Alpha Testnet For DePIN Interoperability

AI-driven Hyper-Fabric Network Datagram launched its Alpha Testnet, offering participants the opportunity to engage in node operation and network validation within a coordination framework aimed at enhancing interoperability across Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Network (DePIN) systems. The testnet allows users to support network performance and receive incentives for uptime and

Read More: You won't believe what happens next... Click here!

[bitfreak]

Computer Network Interview Questions

🖥️✨ Computer Network Interview Questions and Answers – Your Easy Prep Guide! ✨🖥️

When you hear the term Computer Networks, does your mind jump to routers, IP addresses, or maybe that one time your Wi-Fi betrayed you during an online class or meeting? 😂 Well, jokes aside, computer networking is one of the core subjects for students from CS/IT backgrounds – and guess what? Interviewers LOVE to ask questions from this topic.

Whether you're preparing for your first technical interview or brushing up for a campus placement, having a solid knowledge on basic networking concepts can make a real difference. From understanding how data travels across the internet to knowing what happens behind the scenes when you type a URL into your browser – networking concepts are everywhere. 💻

🚀 Top Computer Network Interview Questions & Answers 🔍

1. What is a Computer Network? A computer network is a group of two or more computers connected to each other so they can share resources, like files, printers, or the internet. The connection can be wired or wireless.

2. What’s the difference between LAN, MAN, and WAN?

LAN (Local Area Network): Covers a small area like your home or office.

MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Covers a city or a large campus.

WAN (Wide Area Network): Covers large distances, like the internet.

3. What is an IP address? An IP address is a unique number assigned to every device connected to a network. It helps identify your device and allows it to communicate with other devices.

4. What is DNS? DNS (Domain Name System) translates domain names like google.com into IP addresses. It’s like your phone's contact list – you don’t memorize numbers, just names.

5. What is the difference between TCP and UDP?

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): Reliable, sends data in order, and checks for errors. Used for things like emails and web browsing.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol): Faster but less reliable. Used for streaming videos or online games.

6. What is a Router? A router connects different networks together and directs data where it needs to go. It's what allows you to use Wi-Fi at home.

7. What is OSI Model? Can you explain its layers? The OSI Model is a framework that shows how data travels over a network. It has 7 layers:

Physical

Data Link

Network

Transport

Session

Presentation

Application Think of it like a ladder where each step adds more meaning to the data.

8. What is the difference between HTTP and HTTPS? HTTPS is just like HTTP, but secure. The “S” stands for Secure. It uses encryption to protect your data.

9. What is a MAC address? A MAC address is a unique hardware ID for your device's network card. Think of it like a digital fingerprint.

10. What is a Firewall? A firewall is a security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic. It helps protect your system from hackers or unwanted access.

📌 Need more? We’ve covered more in-depth questions along with real examples and diagrams on our blog here 👉 🔗 Read Full Blog - Computer Network Interview Questions & Answers

[gvbro]

Why Do Google Voice Calls Cut Off After 10 Seconds? Here’s a Real Fix That Works

Why Do Google Voice Calls Cut Off After 10 Seconds? Here’s a Real Fix That Works

If you’ve ever tried making a call through Google Voice and it suddenly cuts off after 10 seconds, you're definitely not alone. It’s a weird but common issue — the call connects, you start talking, and then… silence.

So what’s going on?

The short answer: it’s almost always your network, not your phone. Google Voice relies on a special type of internet traffic called UDP (User Datagram Protocol) to handle calls smoothly. But many networks, VPNs, or proxies either block UDP or don’t support it — which causes the call to drop shortly after it starts.

This issue didn’t happen much back when Hangouts handled calls, but now that Google Voice runs as a standalone app, it’s way more sensitive to your network setup.

How to Fix It — Without Any Tech Jargon

If you want your calls to actually work, here are two simple solutions:

✅ Use Google Voice on the Web: Just go to voice.google.com using Chrome or any browser. It usually works fine even if your network blocks UDP. Super easy and no setup needed.

✅ Use a VPN That Supports UDP: If you’re sticking with the mobile app, your VPN must support UDP. Not all of them do! Check your VPN settings or switch to one that clearly says it supports UDP traffic.

You might be wondering — everything else on the internet works fine with your VPN, so why not Google Voice? That’s because normal browsing uses TCP, while voice calls use UDP. They’re two different things — and voice calls will fail without the right support.

Need a verified Google Voice account that works from day one? Check out gvbro.com — your one-stop place for clean, pre-verified Google Voice numbers that just work. Whether you’re using it for calls, account verification, or business use, you’ll save time and skip the tech hassle.

➡️ Just click here: Get Your Account Now

[tia003]

What’s the role of CoAP in IoT?

The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) plays a crucial role in the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem by providing a specialized communication protocol designed specifically for resource-constrained devices and networks. In IoT environments, many devices such as sensors, actuators, and embedded systems have limited processing power, memory, and energy resources. Traditional internet protocols like HTTP are often too heavy and inefficient for such devices. CoAP addresses this gap by offering a lightweight, low-overhead protocol optimized for machine-to-machine (M2M) communication in constrained networks.

CoAP is based on the REST (Representational State Transfer) model, similar to HTTP, allowing devices to perform actions such as GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE on resources. However, CoAP is designed to function efficiently over UDP (User Datagram Protocol) instead of TCP, which reduces the communication overhead and latency, making it ideal for unreliable or low-bandwidth networks common in IoT deployments. Additionally, CoAP supports features such as asynchronous message exchanges, multicast communication, and simple congestion control mechanisms, enabling scalable and efficient communication between a large number of devices.

Security is another important aspect of CoAP. It supports Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) to provide encryption, authentication, and integrity for the exchanged messages, ensuring that IoT devices can communicate safely even over insecure networks.

The protocol’s design facilitates easy integration with existing web technologies and cloud services by using proxies that translate between CoAP and HTTP, enabling seamless communication between IoT devices and traditional internet infrastructure.

In summary, CoAP’s lightweight, efficient, and secure communication capabilities make it a fundamental protocol for IoT applications where device constraints and network limitations are significant. Understanding CoAP is essential for professionals aiming to design scalable and reliable IoT solutions. For those interested in mastering such concepts and advancing their careers, enrolling in an IoT certification course can provide comprehensive knowledge about protocols like CoAP and other critical IoT technologies.

[kaznar342]

User Datagram Protocol? more like Undelivered Datagram Protocol...

[kanalcoin]

🚀 Datagram Unveils Core Substrate: A Game Changer for dApps! 🖥️

On October 10, 2023, the crypto realm was shaken by a seismic shift as Datagram introduced its Core Substrate. This isn’t just any ordinary baselayer; it’s the fairy godmother of decentralized applications coming to wave its magical wand over real-world utility! 🪄✨ Can you say, "The future is here?"

This launch isn’t just throwing a party for dApps—it’s transforming the entire landscape! Imagine a world where decentralized applications not only exist but thrive, scaling to heights unattainable until now. Experts from Core Chain suggest that it’s this kind of wizardry that opens new economic portals. Think financial opportunities galore! 💸

📈 Market Buzz and Why You Should Care

Since the announcement, the reactions have been more enthusiastic than a dog on a walk! 🐕 Stakeholders are licking their chops at the thought of enhanced scalability and user engagement. Trust me; you’ll want to keep your eyes peeled for market shakes as analysts are already predicting some ripple effects in decentralization trends.

Wanna talk influence? The Core Substrate is pegged to revolutionize decentralized ecosystems in ways that might remind you of past blockchain milestones. If history tells us anything, it’s that each of these advancements could lead to significant shifts in market dynamics. And who doesn’t want to be riding that wave? 🌊

“Historical patterns show that substantial technological advancements, like in Ethereum and Omni Network, often catalyze remarkable economic and strategic shifts in the sector.” - Katalin Barko, Blockchain Analyst, Chainwire

So, if you’re itching to discover what all this means for our crypto-obsessed world, you better click over to the original article on Kanalcoin to get the full scoop. Your future investments might just thank you for it! 🚀✨

#Crypto #Blockchain #Datagram #dApps #Innovation #InvestSmart #DePIN #FutureFinance #Scalability #Kanalcoin

[enfin-technologies-blog]

Enhancing WebRTC Solutions: Security, Cross-Platform Support, and Advanced Features

In today’s digital landscape, WebRTC development has revolutionized how businesses facilitate real-time audio, video, and data-sharing applications. However, simply integrating WebRTC solutions isn’t enough — companies must ensure security, cross-platform compatibility, AI-driven enhancements, and seamless API integrations to create a superior user experience.

At Enfin Technologies, we specialize in scalable and secure WebRTC application development. In this blog, we’ll explore key missing elements in standard WebRTC development and how businesses can enhance their solutions for maximum efficiency, security, and compatibility.

1. Strengthening Secure WebRTC with Encryption, DTLS, and SRTP

One of the biggest challenges in WebRTC application development is ensuring end-to-end security for seamless and safe communication. Without proper encryption, sensitive user data and conversations could be vulnerable to cyber threats.

How WebRTC solutions Ensure Security

DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer Security): Encrypts data streams to prevent unauthorized access.

SRTP (Secure Real-Time Transport Protocol): Encrypts audio and video streams for secure transmission.

End-to-End Encryption: Prevents third parties from intercepting communication.

Authentication & Secure Signaling: Uses protocols like WebSockets or WebRTC signaling servers to ensure verified connections.

How Enfin Enhances Secure WebRTC

At Enfin Technologies, we prioritize data privacy and security in our WebRTC applications by integrating: ✅ SRTP encryption for secure media ✅ DTLS-based encryption for secure data transmission ✅ Custom authentication mechanisms to prevent unauthorized access

2. Enabling Cross-Browser WebRTC for Multi-Platform Support

A well-developed WebRTC solution should work on: 🔹 WebRTC for Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge 🔹 WebRTC for Windows, macOS, Linux 🔹 WebRTC for iOS & Android

How Enfin Ensures Cross-Platform WebRTC Compatibility

✅ Testing WebRTC across multiple browsers✅ Optimizing WebRTC for mobile (iOS & Android) ✅ WebRTC signaling protocols like WebSockets & WebRTC servers

3. Leveraging AI-Powered WebRTC Enhancements

AI-driven WebRTC applications enhance video and audio quality, ensuring a smoother and more interactive user experience.

AI Features that Transform WebRTC Solutions

🤖 WebRTC Noise Cancellation: Eliminates background noise 📹 AI-Based Video Optimization: Auto-adjusts resolution based on bandwidth 📊 Real-Time WebRTC Analytics: Tracks call quality and performance

4. Custom WebRTC API & SDK Development

For businesses looking to integrate WebRTC solutions into their applications, custom API & SDK development is crucial.

Benefits of Custom WebRTC API Development

✅ Tailored WebRTC features ✅ Seamless WebRTC integration with CRM & ERP✅ Scalable WebRTC solutions for enterprises

5. Using the Right WebRTC Technology Stack

Building a scalable WebRTC solution requires the right frameworks and protocols.

Top WebRTC Frameworks

🚀 PeerJS: Simplifies WebRTC peer-to-peer connections 🔗 Mediasoup: A scalable WebRTC SFU 💻 RTCMultiConnection: Multi-user WebRTC conferencing 📡 WebRTC WebSockets: Enhances real-time signaling

Why Choose Enfin Technologies for WebRTC Development?

At Enfin Technologies, we provide end-to-end WebRTC solutions with a focus on security, scalability, and innovation. Our expertise includes:

✔ Secure WebRTC development with DTLS & SRTP encryption ✔ Cross-platform WebRTC solutions for desktop & mobile ✔ AI-powered WebRTC enhancements for audio/video quality ✔ Custom WebRTC API & SDK development ✔ Expert WebRTC consulting & developer hiring

Looking to build a secure, scalable, and feature-rich WebRTC application?Contact us today! Let’s create a real-time communication solution that meets your business needs.

[technicallylovingcomputer]

Multiplayer Game Development: Challenges and Solutions

Multiplayer games have taken the world by storm, offering players the chance to connect, compete, and collaborate in shared virtual worlds. However, creating a multiplayer game is no small feat. Game development for multiplayer experiences comes with unique challenges, from networking and synchronization to security and scalability. In this blog, we’ll explore the key challenges of multiplayer game development and provide practical solutions to help you create seamless and engaging multiplayer games

Why Multiplayer Games Are Popular

Multiplayer games have become a cornerstone of modern game development, offering players social interaction and endless replayability. Games like Fortnite, Among Us, and Call of Duty have shown how multiplayer mechanics can create global phenomena. However, behind these successes lie complex technical and design challenges that developers must overcome.

Key Challenges in Multiplayer Game Development

1. Networking and Latency

One of the biggest challenges in multiplayer game development is ensuring smooth and responsive gameplay for all players, regardless of their location.

Challenges:

Latency: Delays between player actions and server responses can ruin the gaming experience.

Bandwidth: High data transfer requirements can strain servers and players’ internet connections.

Solutions:

Use Efficient Networking Protocols: Implement UDP (User Datagram Protocol) for faster data transmission, as it’s more suitable for real-time games than TCP.

Optimize Data Transfer: Send only essential data (e.g., player positions, actions) and compress it to reduce bandwidth usage.

Implement Lag Compensation: Use techniques like client-side prediction and server reconciliation to minimize the impact of latency.

2. Synchronization

Keeping all players in sync is critical for a fair and enjoyable multiplayer experience.

Challenges:

Desynchronization: Players may see different versions of the game world due to network delays.

Cheating: Players can exploit synchronization issues to gain an unfair advantage.

Solutions:

Authoritative Server Model: Let the server handle all game logic and send updates to clients to ensure consistency.

Interpolation and Extrapolation: Smooth out player movements by predicting positions between server updates.

Anti-Cheat Measures: Implement server-side validation to detect and prevent cheating.

3. Scalability

As your player base grows, your game must handle increased traffic without compromising performance.

Challenges:

Server Overload: Too many players can overwhelm your servers, causing crashes or lag.

Cost: Scaling servers can be expensive, especially for indie developers.

Solutions:

Use Cloud Services: Platforms like AWS, Google Cloud, and Microsoft Azure offer scalable server solutions.

Load Balancing: Distribute player traffic across multiple servers to prevent overload.

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Networking: For smaller games, P2P can reduce server costs by allowing players to connect directly.

4. Security

Multiplayer games are often targeted by hackers, making security a top priority in game development.

Challenges:

Data Breaches: Sensitive player information can be stolen if servers are not secure.

Cheating: Hackers can exploit vulnerabilities to gain unfair advantages.

Solutions:

Encrypt Data: Use SSL/TLS to secure data transmission between clients and servers.

Validate Inputs: Check all player inputs on the server to prevent exploits.

Regular Updates: Patch vulnerabilities and update your game regularly to stay ahead of hackers.

5. Matchmaking

Creating a fair and efficient matchmaking system is crucial for player satisfaction.

Challenges:

Skill Imbalance: Players may be matched with opponents of vastly different skill levels.

Long Wait Times: Poor matchmaking algorithms can lead to frustrating delays.

Solutions:

Skill-Based Matchmaking: Use algorithms like Elo or TrueSkill to match players of similar skill levels.

Region-Based Matchmaking: Prioritize matches within the same region to reduce latency.

Dynamic Queues: Adjust matchmaking parameters based on player availability to reduce wait times.

6. Cross-Platform Compatibility

With players using different devices, ensuring cross-platform compatibility is essential.

Challenges:

Hardware Differences: Devices vary in performance, making optimization difficult.

Input Methods: Players may use controllers, keyboards, or touchscreens, requiring adaptable controls.

Solutions:

Use Cross-Platform Engines: Engines like Unity and Unreal Engine support cross-platform development.

Adaptive Controls: Design controls that work seamlessly across all input methods.

Performance Optimization: Test your game on multiple devices and adjust graphics and performance settings accordingly.

Tools and Technologies for Multiplayer Game Development

Here are some popular tools and technologies to help you tackle the challenges of multiplayer game development:

Unity Netcode: A robust networking solution for Unity games.

Photon: A cloud-based multiplayer game development platform.

Mirror: An open-source networking library for Unity.

Unreal Engine’s Replication System: Built-in tools for multiplayer game development.

WebSockets: For real-time communication between clients and servers.

Best Practices for Multiplayer Game Development

To ensure a smooth development process, follow these best practices:

Start Small: Begin with a simple prototype to test your networking and gameplay mechanics.

Test Extensively: Conduct stress tests to identify and fix performance bottlenecks.

Gather Feedback: Involve players early in the development process to refine your game.

Plan for Scalability: Design your game with scalability in mind to accommodate future growth.

Prioritize Security: Implement security measures from the start to protect your game and players.

Conclusion: Mastering Multiplayer Game Development

Creating a multiplayer game is one of the most rewarding challenges in game development. By understanding the key challenges—networking, synchronization, scalability, security, matchmaking, and cross-platform compatibility—and implementing the right solutions, you can build a seamless and engaging multiplayer experience.

Whether you’re an indie developer or part of a large studio, the tips and tools shared in this blog will help you navigate the complexities of multiplayer game development and create games that players will love.

[ankitcodinghub]

CSC361 - Objective: In this programming assignment, you will use the DATAGRAM socket (i.e., supported by UDP) in Python to create a Reliable Datagram Protocol (RDP) transceiver (rdp.py, a combined sender and receiver) running on H1 in PicoNet, to interact with a given echo server running on H2, over an unreliable link at R. Solved

Requirements: A basic RDP design is provided, and you can extend the design as you see fit. RDP follows HTTP design, using full text, line-by-line control headers to establish (SYN) and release (FIN) connection, and Sequence number in data (DAT) packet of PAYLOAD Length and Acknowledgment number in acknowledgment (ACK) packet to reorder out-of-order packets, acknowledge received packets and…

[codezup]

Build Real-Time Chat App with C++ & UDP Protocol

Okay, let’s craft that comprehensive tutorial on building a real-time chat application with C++ and UDP, following all the instructions precisely. 1. ## Introduction Building real-time applications, especially chat systems, is a foundational aspect of modern software development. This tutorial delves into creating a basic real-time chat application using C++ and the User Datagram Protocol…

[lynixnetworks]

Mikrotik Cirebon, IT Solution Cirebon, Jaringan Komputer Cirebon

[tumnikkeimatome]

UDPパケットロスの検出方法まとめ：ネットワークトラブルシューティングの必須スキル

UDPパケットロスの検出方法について UDP（User Datagram…