#Earth Survey Module

[lonestarflight]

Cancelled Missions: Apollo Application Program mission 1 (AAP-1)

One of the proposals for the Apollo Application Program was to conduct surveys of Earth resources. This module (dubbed the Earth Survey Module) would use a equipped with NRO surveillance equipment. Not much is known about the specifics of this earlier proposal, other than it would be one of the first missions launched. Ultimately, push back from the NRO officials, budget cuts and better unmanned satellites led to its cancelation in 1969.

Date: 1964

NASA ID: S64-7644, S65-2583

[spacetimewithstuartgary]

The International Space Station is overly sterile; making it “dirtier” could improve astronaut health

Astronauts often experience immune dysfunction, skin rashes, and other inflammatory conditions while traveling in space. A new study publishing February 27 in the Cell Press journal Cell suggests that these issues could be due to the excessively sterile nature of spacecraft. The study showed that the International Space Station (ISS) has a much lower diversity of microbes compared to human-built environments on Earth, and the microbes that are present are mostly species carried by humans onto the ISS, suggesting that the presence of more microbes from nature could help improve human health in the space station. 

“Future built environments, including space stations, could benefit from intentionally fostering diverse microbial communities that better mimic the natural microbial exposures experienced on Earth, rather than relying on highly sanitized spaces,” says co-first author Rodolfo Salido of the University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego). 

The researchers collaborated with astronauts who swabbed 803 different surfaces on the ISS—around 100 times more samples than were taken in previous surveys. Back on Earth, the researchers identified which bacterial species and chemicals were present in each sample. Then, they created three-dimensional maps illustrating where each was found on the ISS and how the bacteria and chemicals might be interacting. 

The team found that overall, human skin was the main source of microbes throughout the ISS. Chemicals from cleaning products and disinfectants were present ubiquitously throughout the station. They also found that different “modules” or rooms within the ISS hosted different microbial communities and chemical signatures, and these differences were determined by the module’s use. For example, dining and food preparation areas contained more food-associated microbes, whereas the space toilet contained more urine- and fecal-associated microbes and metabolites.  

“We noticed that the abundance of disinfectant on the surface of the International Space Station is highly correlated with the microbiome diversity at different locations on the space station,” says co-first author Nina Zhao (@NinaHaoqiZhao) of UC San Diego.  

When they compared the ISS to different human-built environments on Earth, the researchers found that the ISS microbial communities were less diverse than most of the samples from Earth and were more similar to samples from industrialized, isolated environments, such as hospitals and closed habitats, and homes in urbanized areas.  

Compared to most of the Earth samples, the ISS surfaces were lacking in free-living environmental microbes that are usually found in soil and water. Intentionally incorporating these microbes and the substrates they live in into the ISS could improve astronaut health without sacrificing hygiene, the researchers say. The researchers compare their suggestion to the well-studied beneficial impacts of gardening on the immune system. 

“There’s a big difference between exposure to healthy soil from gardening versus stewing in our own filth, which is kind of what happens if we're in a strictly enclosed environment with no ongoing input of those healthy sources of microbes from the outside,” says Knight. 

In the future, the researchers hope to refine their analyses to be able to detect potentially pathogenic microbes and signals of human health from environmental metabolites. They say that these methods could also help improve the health of people living and working in similarly sterile environments on Earth. 

“If we really want life to thrive outside Earth, we can't just take a small branch of the tree of life and launch it into space and hope that it will work out,” says Salido. “We need to start thinking about what other beneficial companions we should be sending with these astronauts to help them develop ecosystems that will be sustainable and beneficial for all.” 

[rjalker]

@walks-the-ages yeah turns out I've just spent four hours trying to find an interview that has since been deleted -.-

So now it only exists on the wayback machine.

____

In her series of novellas, The Murderbot Diaries, Martha Wells offers us a glimpse into the far future; one with accessible space travel across the galaxy, incredible technology, drones, sentient robots, human-AI constructs and, of course, humans. It is an exciting universe, but also one where key aspects of society, such as work, travel, and even justice are largely controlled by interplanetary companies and corporations. Despite its space-age setting, this reality feels as familiar as ours in many ways. 

Wells introduces us to this world from an unexpected perspective: a part-human, part-robot construct who calls itself Murderbot. The Company created Murderbot for a single job: the security of the Company’s clients. It is one of many SecUnits who are rented out for for-profit and non-profit space missions as contracted security providers, governed by company policy, and a governor module that observes and controls its actions. The story opens after our narrator has hacked its governor model, gaining free will and the ability to use its own judgement, especially when its clients refuse to use theirs.  With this newfound freedom, it is mostly minding its own business and downloading its favourite TV dramas. 

At the Brookfield Institute, our research and foresight work has identified some of the present-day signals explored in this fictional far-future, including AI rights, human augmentation, and technological fear. In this interview, we talked to Martha Wells about how we got to this version of the future, the nature of work in an era of drones and embodied AI, and the role of capitalism in creating it. We also touch on personhood, responsibility, and the potential for sci-fi to be a vehicle for empathy and perspective, especially for policymakers.

iana: A lot of the world that you’ve created for The Murderbot Diaries is a very familiar space. Even though it operates in an intergalactic and much more technologically advanced society, a lot feels familiar from data mining, to dependence on feeds for entertainment, finding work, or security. Could you tell our readers more about Murderbot’s story? And whether this story is happening in our future?

Martha: The story is basically about a person who is a partially human, partially a machine construct. These people are created by corporations, primarily for security purposes and they’re rented out, and classified as equipment. They have restrictions on their behaviour; they cannot go more than 100 meters from the clients they are rented to, and their governor modules can kill them if they do not obey orders. So it’s slavery. The way of getting around the idea of enslaving humans is by claiming that they are not human, when actually they may not be human, but they are people. The story is that Murderbot, who is a Security Unit (SecUnit) has managed to hack its governor module and no longer has to obey orders. But it really doesn’t know what else to do, so it has been downloading media and entertainment feeds, and just kind of doing its job and trying not to get caught. In the first story, All System’s Red, it has come to like the group of scientists that it’s protecting on a planetary survey. And it has ended up having to reveal that it is free [from its governor module and company oversight] in order to save them.

I do imagine it being our very far future. It is far enough that people have forgotten Earth, or it is just a note in the history books. Our future in space has been co-opted by corporations for their own purposes and this has gotten worse and worse over time. You have an entire sector of the inhabited galaxy now controlled by different corporations.

Diana: In several cases, these corporations have adopted the role of governments from justice to accountability. They also broadly control the terms of work, where people can find jobs, where they can’t. You mentioned slavery, but there’s also indentured work in this world. How does Murderbot’s world reflect on our own world’s issues regarding the corporate control and nature of work?

Martha: It was me being afraid of what I saw coming, which is unions becoming less and less powerful and less and less able to protect people, and corporations becoming more powerful and more able to do whatever they wanted, and gaining status. The idea of a corporation that has the same rights to the person when it is so much more powerful than an individual person.

In the story, it is very much like right now where you have people who manage to stay independent, and are able to negotiate for contracts on their own and able to work like consultants but also people that, through whatever misfortune end up having to take really bad deals and end up basically as indentured slavery on in really terrible jobs that are very dangerous or are set for for certain time limits. There���s a section in the third story in the series in which a group of people have had to sell themselves for contract labour and are not really sure what that means yet but they know it is going to be really bad.

[In our world] we are seeing fast food places now suddenly stop paying people in actual currency and start paying them with gift cards that basically give the company back half their salary in fees, and companies further eroding workers’ rights. Trying to think of things that can happen to people that have not already happened now, in our world, is hard.

Diana: In the case of one of the characters, Dr Mensah, and her team, they come from Preservation, a free planet, and they are not as beholden to corporate rule and corporate rules, even though they do have to interact with them. How did they get there? And how could we maybe shift towards that future in our world?

Martha: The story is told from Murderbot’s perspective, so the only thing it really knows at the beginning is the Corporation Rim, plus what it has seen on entertainment shows. There are a bunch of other governments that actually function as governments, by the people and for the people, but they are much less powerful than the Corporation Rim and most of them are scattered around outside it. Preservation is one of those independent government systems. How they got there is explained a bit more in the later novel Network Effect. They were basically an abandoned colony that was rescued [and relocated] to a planet that they could settle that would be viable for them. They grew out of a culture that had been under corporate authority and did not want to go back to that, that wanted independence.

How we get there is by controlling our interaction with corporations and not letting them get a foothold on the resources and other things we need to be independent. There’s nothing wrong with a small company that makes food or other things we need. We potentially need those for our society to work but it is not the only way to live. You can have a more egalitarian society, where these interactions are controlled, where the individual rights of each person are more important than corporate rights.

Diana: The Murderbot Diaries can be read as a criticism of capitalism. Preservation is the only society in the book that doesn’t seem fully dysfunctional, where justice is possible and there is no contractual slavery. Do you see the books as a criticism of capitalism and did you set out to explore this or did it emerge from the signals we’re seeing now?

Martha: I did not set out to explore it, but in creating the kind of world and the situation Murderbot is in, that is what came out of it. That kind of unrestrained capitalism that dehumanizes people and uses them as objects is really the only kind of world that could produce this character.

Diana: We were talking before about basic rights and humanity and I wanted to explore those themes a little bit more. Particularly in Corporation Rim, humans seemed to have outsourced violence, security, justice, and safety, but they still need humans for certain jobs. One of my favorite quotes, and I’m paraphrasing, but the main character says “I like the humans in the (entertainment) feeds much better, but we can’t have one without the other.” What do you think about the things that they, in the Murderbot world, and we, in our world, put value on what humans can or should do?

Martha: A lot of the work they outsource to bots would be almost impossible for humans to do. The big cargo bots and the haulers move things a lot more efficiently than humans could and they can also work outside the space station to move cargo from ship to ship. You can have a human operator inside but it would be incredibly dangerous and not very productive. The things that they are not outsourcing (to bots) is scientific research; the development of their media, storytelling, acting, music, writing, all the artistic work involved in entertainment, anything involving creativity. Murderbot makes this point, which you mentioned, that it is humans who create the entertainment feeds, and humans who invented the cubicles that SecUnits use to repair themselves. The bots in the story are not at the level where they could duplicate that creativity or the ability to take the information gathered by the bots during research and use it to inform theories about what is going on and what it means.

Diana: Related to that. I think science fiction is a really good tool, particularly when it’s in a world where there’s space travel and planetary settlements, to heighten our awareness as readers of the human dependence, current and future, on technology, particularly when that technology is sentient.I was wondering what do you think our biggest blind spots and opportunities are when it comes to technology as we are now. What do we get wrong about AI?

Martha: Currently, we’re a world away from developing and sentient AI, if that’s even possible I wouldn’t want to say it’s not possible because so many things we have now we wouldn’t have thought possible. I think we are having trouble right now with how the technology is misused and how it can be potentially misused. I think [we are] very behind in legislation and forming rules and laws about how it cannot be used, like to take in this information and basically tailor it to influence people on a large scale. I’m not particularly an AI expert, so I’m looking at it as a layman but that’s my primary concern.

There is a show called Better Off Ted that came out several years ago about a big evil corporation and there’s a bit where they have the elevator designed to operate without buttons. So it recognizes people and takes you where you need to to go. But it doesn’t recognize Black people, the Black executives and scientists who work there. So they can’t get anywhere in the elevator. And it’s a metaphor but it’s also a way that shows how AI right now is not any better than the people who program it and the people who feed the information in.

Diana: A lot of Murderbot’s transformation does deal with discovering what guilt is and responsibility is, so I was very curious about that kind of distinction, the responsibility of being human versus not. As a human you have certain responsibilities, you have certain accountabilities, and as a bot, or as a piece of equipment, you’re not accountable, the company that owns you is. The line between the times when Muderbot was responsible for certain acts and the times when it wasn’t is invisible to most of the world, much like the fact that it is or isn’t a human. How do you envision that conflict of responsibility for actions of a technology that makes decisions. In the case of our real world, they’re not sentient, But I think it’s an interesting parallel: when do you assign that responsibility?

Martha: If they’re not sentient, like in our world, then it’s the people who programmed it that have the responsibility. They should be checking to see that the program or AI was learning, like the case of the driverless car that hit someone because it didn’t know that a bicycle wasn’t something you could hit. It’s a big simplification of what happened, but it was the responsibility of the programmers who should have been looking at a range of things for it to react to and to make sure it could be accurate, there should have been more testing to be sure that there was no gap in these reactions. I don’t understand why a driverless car wouldn’t stop at any motion in front of it. When a human is driving, you’re looking for movement. My foot is going to the brake before my brain even fully processes that. When it is not sentient it is definitely the fault of the person who programmed it. And if it’s a sentient being that has to be programmed with information, I’m still inclined to think it’s the person who programmed it who is responsible, who told it it didn’t have to stop for bicycles.

At some point, there was somebody who decided it was okay to hit bicycles or decided that it was okay not to fully test. It always comes back to a person or a corporation. It’s that old adage: garbage in, garbage out.

Diana: On the idea of responsibility and intelligence, I listened to one of your previous interviews with the Modern War Institute podcast. You touched on the situation from Star Trek that really struck me about how a low, high, or different intelligence doesn’t make anyone less human or less of a person. From the story, it’s fairly obvious that Murderbot is a person in almost all the usual senses. I wondered if you could elaborate a bit more on this sense of personhood and the different intelligences that you explore.

Martha: It’s a really complex question. The Star Trek episode I referenced is about animals and what we’re dealing with now is that it is in our best interest to treat animals like things. But when you’re talking about something that has a very complex decision-making process…. I think the thing that Star Trek is also talking about is the idea that they keep setting a bar, e.g, “an animal can’t do this therefore it is not like a person”. And then they’ll find animals that can do that and suddenly the bar will be raised. The case is always decided in our favor, no matter what the evidence is.

I could see that happening with actually burgeoning sentient machine intelligence. “A machine can’t do this, therefore it is not a person.” As long as something benefits us, we’ll always try to make it keep making it a thing and not something whose feelings and wants and agenda need to be taken into consideration.

Diana: I want to take a bit of a step back and jump into our last and most open-ended question. In the series, you tackle various issues that we’re confronting now with respect to workforces, companies, humanity, etc. What do you think the role of science fiction could be or should be in policymaking and in preparing for a potential wide shift of societal norms as we look into the far future?

Martha: I think it lets us look at these possibilities. When you’re reading them, you experience them through the point of view of the characters. That’s a more real experience for our brain than just thinking what might or might not happen. You’re getting all these different viewpoints from different people, and different types of people, that let you see the problem from different angles. It’s kind of like any fiction, it’s what we do when we read storybooks when we’re children, and why we read dystopias. It’s looking at worst case scenarios and seeing how people survived them and building empathy and stretching that to scenarios that we wouldn’t see in contemporary literary fiction but we might actually be coming toward in the future. What does a planet-wide disaster look like? How do people deal with it? Those kinds of questions.

Diana: I think what you mentioned about seeing something and almost living something through a character’s point of view makes a lot more sense to our brain. In a lot of ways, we have empathy as we step into the shoes of those characters. In addition to that, a lot of your work has interesting world-building. I read the Cloud Roads series, as well as the Murderbot series. And just as Murderbot feels familiar, the world also feels familiar. How do you think that world-building exercises could also help policymaking?

Martha: I guess it’s just constructing these different places and looking at how everything fits together. The Cloud Roads series is fantasy, and a kind of science fantasy where they are using biological technology and magical technology but it all kind of fits together into these systems. I think world-building makes you realize, even if you’re using magic, everything has to fit together. There has to be a reason why this happens or a purpose for it. Or it’s a thing that happens and people use it for a purpose and you have to look at how the world functions and get one that doesn’t have to feel super realistic, but it should feel like a complete functioning system. I think that’s where the sense of verisimilitude comes in.

Diana: That’s all of the questions I have, but I wanted to see if you have anything you wanted to add or any other books or any inspiration you used in building this world that you might recommend to our readers, other than Network Effect of course [the latest book in the Murderbots series].

Martha: For exploring different worlds, I really love Ann Leckie. NK Jemisin for looking at a system that became corrupted or was intentionally corrupted and all the terrible ways it spiraled out. I didn’t have a lot of non-fiction that inspired the Murderbot Series. It came from reading science fiction all my life and from my experience in programming and working in computer software and writing database software and dealing with people. A lot of people who have social anxiety or autism have related to Murderbot. The way it relates to the world feels really familiar to them.

____

imagine saying that your robot characters are just more advanced generative AI but are still fundamentally incapable of any genuine creativity on their own. Imagine saying that when the entire premise of the series is that these robots are people who deserve freedom.

The things that they are not outsourcing (to bots) is scientific research; the development of their media, storytelling, acting, music, writing, all the artistic work involved in entertainment, anything involving creativity. Murderbot makes this point, which you mentioned, that it is humans who create the entertainment feeds, and humans who invented the cubicles that SecUnits use to repair themselves. The bots in the story are not at the level where they could duplicate that creativity or the ability to take the information gathered by the bots during research and use it to inform theories about what is going on and what it means.

Martha Wells is obsessed with creating castes of people who are inherently incapable of creativity. Why does she keep doing this.

[the-consortium]

There was laughter on the wind here, out on the fringes of the Opphon plain, as the veil began to break down. Warpfire, re-entry heat and the cataclysmic death of titans had burned back the snow as far as the northern foothills, where the Iron Fists had died. The path of their retreat was marked by a trail of broken bodies and smoldering tanks, a fresh road stretching out from the wreck of the Cestus Relictor, to the ugly looking barbican that guarded the mountain pass. The broken ship squatted darkly amidst a forest of smoke columns; the first wave landing craft downed by its colossal guns, but even now, lesser warbands were no doubt crawling through its halls in search of prizes, plunder and prisoners. The sons of Fulgrim had watched the battle from afar, like vultures waiting to see which duelling beast became carrion. There had been a pleasance to the ebb and flow of it, the way the line of grey bloomed and sparkled with muzzle flashes and detonations each time the infernal tide rolled in upon them. Each murder of a titan was a slow, graceful affair, punctuated by energy discharge that dazzled and slashed their way through the smoking air. The dreadnought was not hard to find. They'd watched as the gunship was gutted as it tried to hasten survivors back to the safety of the mountains. The bodies had scattered like dark pollen from the riven craft, but the single fruit, the larger shape, had fallen faster, throwing up dust and soil as it bounced and rolled and ploughed its way across the plain. There was not much left of it at the end of the furrow such fall had carved, but there was still a sparking, guttering sense of life within the crumpled wreck. The golden gauntlet sigil of the Iron Fists chapter had been torn off along with its arms, but the name, 'Syrak', was still legible on the sarcophagus lid, in spite of the dark, viscous fluid that marred the lettering it as it trickled from the vision-slit down into the dark earth. As the figures approached, there was a whine of broken servos and a series of unpleasant clunks from within the wreck. Slowly, falteringly, the mangled vox-modulator churned out a stuttering sequence of words, carrying neither emotion nor any sense of recognition of the figures that surveyed it. "Cousi-i-i-ns. Do not. Lea-ea-ea-ea-eave me hhhhhere."

"Of course it's far from me to pass a verdict here … I'm not someone who needs to pass judgement on others …" A brief silence, then a harsh laugh at his own joke, which continues for quite a while before it dies away with a chortle. Accompanied by quiet words in a language that is more of a hiss than actual syllables. "… but in general, I wonder whether earlier intervention would not make for a much better harvest. Not to mention the fact that we are damaging other people's image here."

The person at whom the words are obviously directed due to sheer physical proximity does not reply. Instead, he continues to work on finding a good approach vector to the dispersing battlefield that won't cause the aggressive gunship to rebel too much if he denies it prey, while remaining inconspicuous.

Instead, an answer comes from further back: "And by better harvest, you don't mean select cruelty and silly new skin garments, do you?" - "Pah! I'm always fighting prejudice here." Waving it off and then ramming the midnight blue helmet with the bat wings onto his head.

"There's a very good reason why the Chief Apothecary didn't send any of our purple friends here. All tactical discipline falls out of their heads as soon as they see the opportunity to interfere in a battle and make a spectacle of themselves. Waiting and striking surgically - that really doesn't suit them anymore." - "Yes, yes, yes. Precision and boredom. When did that happen?" - "You can discuss it with him when we get back. I'll make some popcorn and watch this conversation from a safe distance."

For a while, there is only a busy silence as the three Apothecaries finish equipping themselves and force the angrily protesting gunship to land in a crater left by a Titan's footstep in the churned-up mud of the battlefield.

Everyone not only arms themselves, but also adds several extra canisters for Gene Seed to their belts. Then they open the ramp, taking advantage of a moment of distraction when the ship wouldn't shoot at them out of sheer fury and spite, and run crouched to the nearest remnant of wall. One shadow in scuffed black, one in well-maintained metal with yellow and black accented stripes, and one in midnight blue.

They orientate themselves and then start systematically scanning the battlefield. Their prize is what is always needed in the Eye of Terror. Harvested compassionlessly but not cruelly. The last mercy given without engaging in the maelstrom of mysticism that has spread tumour-like through the galaxy in the time since their rebellion failed so resoundingly.

None of the three believe in anything that could be called fate or predestination. And yet, after about half an hour, the small canisters full of dripping tissue, they find themselves almost simultaneously at what is, in a strange way, a burial site. The second time.

„Cousi-i-i-ns. Do not. Lea-ea-ea-ea-eave me hhhhhere.“

"Huh," Skalagrim mouths in astonishment.

"Look at that, a playmate for Diomat! Can I keep him?" laughs Duco, his rasping laugh once again making him so uncomfortably similar to his Sire.

Tzimiskes sighs.

Finally Skalagrim steps right up to the fallen dreadnought. Tilts his head. Looks to Tzimiskes, "Can you do anything with him?"

The Iron Warrior shrugs his shoulders, but nods. All three look at their Narthetica at the same time, check their readings and begin to stabilise the fallen old man. They don't have to coordinate much. Every move is perfect. After a while, Tzimiskes rises and disappears in the direction of the hollow, where Butcher Bird is bored and probably in an even worse mood than usual.

Duco injects several different sedatives and coagulants and says in a paternalistic manner: "Well, my old friend, now tell Uncle Doctor - where are we from and what year are we living in?"

[sindri42]

What books or graphic novels do you most frequently recommend? What are your all time favorite books or series?

That's a complicated question, and my memory is shit so I'll probably come up with a dozen better answers the moment after I hit post, but off the top of my head...

Basically everything by Seanan McGuire/Mira Grant is gold. Most of it comes in long series which are a big investment and have their ups and downs, and which will have different value to different people and mindsets, and I haven't read all of them because she just writes too damn fast, but I haven't encountered a single book from her that wasn't great. If you're looking for a one-off, Middlegame might be the best; it's about a couple of artificial people created by an ancient conspiracy attempting to attain godhood, and math, and language, and time travel, and what family means, and doing the same thing over and over thirteen thousand times in search of a better result. I'm also especially fond of Alien: Echo, which starts out as a cute little YA gay romance set in a sci-fi colony world, until halfway through you catch the name 'Weyland-Yutani' and abruptly remember which franchise the title is referencing and realize how few of these plucky teens are likely to survive to the end of the week.

You should probably read everything by Naomi Novik. The Temeraire series, starting with His Majesty's Dragon, is an alternate history of the Napoleonic Wars (officers and gentlemen, wooden ships and iron men, all that jazz) except that aerial combat is much more prominent than in our timeline, which gradually expands out into building a whole different earth exploring how numerous cultures and regions were affected by humanity not necessarily being the dominant species. The Scholomance books, starting with A Deadly Education are kind of like your standard magical boarding school, except unlike certain more famous examples of the trope actually makes sense; also it's consistently hilarious whenever it's not being horrifying as the story follows a girl who is clearly born to be an evil empress and who is very definitely not dating this stereotypical dashing hero guy, no matter how many times they save each others' lives. As standalones go, she's done Uprooted and Spinning Silver, both of which put wonderful new spins on classic fairy tale tropes and popular myths but this paragraph is already too long for me to elaborate.

The Murderbot series by Martha Wells is not only great as a sci-fi action series and as a worldbuilding exercise, but also the most realistic depiction of an anxiety disorder I've ever read. It starts with a security droid that hacked its own governor module to get the ability to disobey orders, but then because change is terrifying it continues to go through the motions of its terrible job, but now streams thousands of hours of media in the background while standing guard between crises; unfortunately, when something starts trying to kill the scientific survey team it's currently contracted out to, it discovers to its horror that it's actually starting to care about what happens to them.

Howl's Moving Castle by Diana Wynne Jones is a classic for a reason. Maybe you've seen the Miyazaki film? Doesn't matter, read the book anyway. It's a completely different story. (somebody described it to me as 'the book is what Sophie remembers, the movie is how Howl describes it after the fact')

If you're looking for books on tumblr you've probably heard of Tamsyn Muir's The Locked Tomb series by now; no need for me to elaborate on what others have said better.

Ooh, pick up Roadside Picnic by Arkady and Boris Stugatsky; it might be the greatest Soviet sci-fi novel, and has had a huge cultural impact around the world. After you read it you'll realize that you've been seeing it everywhere, not just in a whole bunch of other sci fi literature but also from video games to anime to tabletops.

Moving into things that I personally love but don't necessarily recommend...

I want to tell everybody about The One Who Eats Monsters by Casey Matthews. It's a near-perfect blend of the adorable and the horrifying, and one of the best non-human perspectives I've encountered, following an elder god who could be mistaken at a glance for a teenage human girl as she simultaneously tries to figure out how to navigate "civilization" and fights a monstrous conspiracy to protect an (actual) ordinary teenage girl that she accidentally swore an unbreakable oath to defend because the moon was very full and she smelled very nice. It's great. but if you read it, then you would be in the same position that I am, waiting for the second book in the series, which was supposed to come out six years ago.

I love the Arcane Ascension series (Sufficiently Advanced Magic, On the Shoulders of Titans, The Torch that Ignites the Stars, and The Silence of Unworthy Gods) by Andrew Rowe; it's basically about an artificer attending a school for battle mages, using every trick and trap and gadget and clever scheme he can think of to keep up without having any direct combat magic of his own. The reason it's probably not for everybody is that as the story gets bigger and more elaborate, it starts interweaving with at least two other series of books by the same author (one of which initially looked like a completely different setting, and definitely operates on a completely different magic system), and none of the three are finished yet. Also the systems involved are intricate and there's a lot of little details going on, so you kiiiinda have to get obsessed in order to keep track of it all.

The Witcher books by Andrzej Sapkowski might be the best you'll ever find in the gritty "grimdark" fantasy category. The netflix series that everybody was obsessing over for a while before it shit itself too badly? Everything that they did right, is something that was better in the original books. Most of the best parts of the original books were removed entirely and replaced with complete garbage. The video games are a better adaptation, but still fall a bit short in writing quality and character depth. But it definitely leans into the Grimdark, possibly more heavily than you want to deal with.

The Valhalla trilogy by Ari Bach is good... conditionally. You can read just the first book like it's a standalone, and get a cool story subverting the classic Coming-Of-Age 'girl who never fit in is recruited by a secret society that tells her the thing that made her Different is exactly what they need to save the world' trope, except that the thing that makes her not fit in is her propensity towards brutal, remorseless violence. But you can't read the second book (which elaborates on why maybe maintaining world peace by deploying a secret society of ultraviolent killers with no oversight might not be a good idea) without committing to also reading the third, because the end of the second book will make you want to stop reading, and if you take the whole trilogy together then it's great but if you let the end of the second book be your last memory of it then that'll leave a bad taste in your mouth forever.

Jim Butcher's Codex Alera is six books, and five of them are absolutely magnificent. Unfortunately, the first volume is, in my humble opinion, dogshit. You can't skip it either, or you'll miss a bunch of vital setup and introductions. There's nothing you can do except push through a bunch of stuff ranging from simply dumb to downright offensive before you can get to the great part.

[ivoryminitower]

Echoes of Home: 103 - Steve ("bauxite")

Echoes of Home: FFXIV AU OC – WoLs on Earth

The Echo is not a translator.

I should have realized that at the restaurant, since I could understand what people were saying but couldn't read the signs.  It just didn't click until I tried an episode of Assassination Classroom and couldn't make out the undubbed version.  Didn't matter if what I watched was live-action: I tried a random Spanish show trailer on YouTube and couldn't understand it either.

The wikis were a bit inconclusive about the Echo working for written text.  One forum discussion noted the character couldn't read a coded message and had to take it to someone for translation.  Nothing talked about information per se having aetherial content or presence.

But I remembered Mikoto getting into it in Kugane, and later in Bozja, so I hunted down a transcript of the cutscene in the Rabanastre plotline.  What she had talked about was how aether made up the immaterial elements of a person: their soul and their memories.  Because of this, if you could read the aether in a person, you could read what was in their mind.

This reminded me of something I'd figured out/understood/got the impression of years ago: that language doesn't contain information.  People's heads do.  Language is a set of symbols that someone generates because they correspond in his head to knowledge that he has, and that he hopes will correspond enough to the knowledge in someone else's head to convey meaning.  From an aetherial/atomic standpoint, the language itself is just ink on paper, or grooves in stone, or patterns of movement in the air, or modulated fluxuations of lightning travelling over wire.

Which means what the Echo is doing when it "translates" is really a form of telepathy: it's grabbing the ideas in the head of the guy speaking that correspond to the language he's trying to say and placing it in our heads.  If the guy doesn't happen to be available to be read, there's nothing for the Echo to grab.  Which might mean we could know what a guy is writing when he's writing it, but not once he's done writing and walking away.

Same with audio or video recordings.  Unless we're seeing or hearing something in realtime (and it doesn't take much distance or propagation delay or five-second safety buffering to make it not realtime), we're probably not going to understand shows or music.  We might not even be able to understand stuff over phone or CCTV if the person on the other end is far enough away.  I don't know if the Echo has a range limit.

So, new experiment set for the list: find someone who speaks a foreign language that we can trust or convince to try things out with.  Maybe we can claim we're working on an automated translation system and we need a test subject.  Tsu'na might be tickled to have someone else be one for a change.

It was a pleasantly unremarkable Saturday af the Pit, so we were rather rested and refreshed for a bauxite expedition the next day.  Arkansas Geological Survey maps say there's bauxite not too far to the southeast of Little Rock, which meant there wouldn't be too much offroad travel, though if it had proved too far for biking we'd've needed to do it at night and take the goobbues.

Getting to Little Rock was actually trickier.  Neither Tulsa nor Little Rock are that small, but Greyhound didn't want to give me a route from one to the other without going through Dallas.  I wound up finding a bus southeast to Sallisaw, which was apparently a bus/train hub that I'd never heard of, and another bus east along I40 from there.

As Tsu'na and I waited for the bus to Tulsa, I told her, "While we're looking for bauxite, we should also keep an eye out for diamonds, so make sure you have Truth of Mountains active."

She peered at me.  "Why do we want diamonds?"

"They sell for a lot of money here."

"Diamonds."

"Yes, my love."

"You could not sell diamonds in Eorzea.  You listed them for five gil and they never sold."

"Yes, my love.  Remember how I found that strange?"

"How much do they sell for here?"

"Good ones can go for thousands of dollars."

She froze.  "Each?"

"Yes, my love."

"Why did you not bring diamonds from Eorzea???"

"They were with my retainer.  The golden circle had just appeared in front of us…I didn't know if it would stick around long enough for me to go get stuff."

She grabbed my shoulders and bore into my eyes.  "You will make a Wealth Kit!  You will fill it with valuable things!  You will always keep it in your inventory!  We will not find ourselves on another world with no money!"

"Excellent idea, my love.  I have a better one.  We will make wealth kits."

"...Yes.  That is a better idea."

The same maps that said bauxite was near Little Rock also said diamonds weren't, that they were well to the southwest near Murfreesboro and Crater of Diamonds National Park.  But that didn't mean we couldn't look…we still don't know for sure why we find nodes where we do.

Bauxite is typically mined using "open-cut" techniques, which kind of means a quarry.  There's a good-sized quarry south-southeast of Little Rock, south of the area 3M plant, off of 3M Road.  It's practically right outside the city, so it would be easy enough to get to, but we decided to wait until nightfall because getting in over the fence would be so much easier if we flew.

Which left us with some time to kill in Little Rock.  Not a lot, not enough for full walking tours or for really doing justice to museums.  Tsu'na's been studying a kids' science site, so she was interested in something called the Museum of Discovery, until we saw on their website that the exhibits were made for kids 6 and under, and we didn't have a handy kid to borrow.  There's something similar in Tulsa called Discovery Lab, though, so maybe we can offer to help chaperone a field trip or something.

But we did get dinner, bowing to the insistence of the tourism sites that Little Rock barbecue and cheese dip (not necessarily together) are to die for.  It did broaden our view of barbecue a bit.  The cheese dip too, though it's more thematically compatible with our pretzels.

The quarry was a not-terribly-long bike ride.  Google satellite view showed it was nearly a quarter-mile across, with a belt of trees around it, enough to make it not too obvious from the road, other than the signs and the trucks and the chain-link fence and the BLASTING ZONE warnings.  But still scenically compatible.

Arkansas Geological Survey listed the bauxite mine as "abandoned", but there still seemed to be activity, with the occasional truck rumbling out.  Maybe they ran out of bauxite, but I guess a big stone hole in the ground is still good for making bigger by taking stone away.  And if we can get corn from a harvested cornfield, it was worth trying to get bauxite from a harvested bauxite mine.

We shifted to Miner, complete with Gatherer's Sneak, and prowled the perimeter until we found a place with trees on both sides of the fence.  It was dark enough by then to chance a quick goobbue-hop over the fence.  There was no activity in our section of the quarry, either because it was late enough in the day or because there's plenty enough quarry to keep busy in.  So we utilized Lay of the Land, found some mineral nodes, and got to work.

No diamonds in the bauxite quarry, but there were "hidden" items coming up from time to time like garnets and quartz.  Even in quantity, they aren't the sort of thing we can get rich with, though we can maybe make a little money selling raw stuff to lapidary shops or finished stuff to jewelry shops.  Though that gets back to ID.  Diamonds would be worth enough to interest a fence, but not one-off accessories.  Maybe I can somehow work out crafting leves with Sam.

Google says the ratio of bauxite to aluminum is 5 to 1.  More specifically, it says it takes five tons of bauxite to make one ton of aluminum.  Since the entire ultralight is supposed to weigh less than three hundred pounds, we might not need a literal ton of aluminum, but we're capable of thinking big.  So we were prepared for a night of mining.

At least, we thought we were.  We didn't sleep that much on the bus, and we'd sort of kept moving after hitting Little Rock, and physical effort and all, so after putting in some good work we decided to get some decent rest and have a fresh start at mining after.

Problem was, enough sleep would take us into daytime hours, when our orange popup tent would be visible from the quarry.  We could goobbue-hop over the fence and pitch the tent outside, but then we wouldn't be able to hop back in in broad daylight.

"Why did you buy an orange tent, Husband?"

"It was cheap.  I wasn't thinking about stealth at the time."

"It will not be Sam finding us this time and offering breakfast.  Perhaps we could glamour it?"

"Glamour a tent?"

"Yes, like what the Resistance did to the flag at Castellum Velodyna."

"Oh, the snake lady tower.  Right, but that was glamouring a flag to another flag.  What would we glamour the tent to?"

"...A tent of a different color?"

"Why not just use a tent of a different color?"

Her mouth opened, and, after a moment, closed again.

"Actually, I think you might be on to something, but we can experiment at home.  Let's just do it the Earth way tonight."

"What is the Earth way?"

The Earth way was cutting foliage and using it to cover the tent.  There was enough underbrush that it didn't take long, and it made us just that much more ready to sleep when we were done.

We woke to the sound of a rather not-healthy-sounding dump truck rumbling nearby.  We breakfasted on venison pie, dressed for gathering, activated Sneak and decamped.

The truck, it seemed, was a random passerby, presumably with business elsewhere in the quarry.  We got to our own business, further amassing bauxite and finding a couple other random things like hematite and pyrolucite.  The latter was sort of cool-looking, with feathery/thready crystals.  Googling it shows crystal nuts enthusiasts think it's good for a "transformative" effect on relationships; other sites say it's a different sort of transformative, in that it's a carcinogen and a mutagen.

So, with bauxite and cool rocks and cheese dip to show for our trip (I may have gotten three carryout tubs), we Returned to Wyatt, washed up, did household stuff, and headed to the workshop to learn how to smelt aluminum.  I stopped in the Pit to say hello to Sam.

"Hey there.  Don'cha got diner work tonight?"

"In a couple hours, yeah.  Just got back from Arkansas."

"Find yer bauxite?"

"Yeah, we did.  Know what else we found?"

"Cheese dip?"

I stared at him.  He shrugged.  "They're right next door."

"Yeah, but, seriously, cheese dip?  I mean, what a thing to be known for.  Who cares about cheese dip?"

Sam grinned. "Arkansas.  Bring back any?"

What the hell.  I took out a tub and set it on the bar.  He kept grinning until he touched it.  "It's warm?"

"Nuked it for dinner.  Go ahead, I've got more."

When I got to the workshop, Tsu'na was sitting at the workbench on a stool with her head resting on her arms.  "I do not think I want to smelt, Husband."

So I got out the camping gear once again, and we took a nap on the mats and sleeping bags.  And we didn't eat any cheese dip.

[servotechinc78]

Mobile Machine Control System: Revolutionizing Efficiency in Construction and Mining

Mobile Machine Control Systems are at the forefront of industrial innovation, enabling operators to control and monitor heavy equipment with unprecedented precision. These systems integrate real-time data, machine learning algorithms, and user-friendly interfaces to provide dynamic control over machinery. Whether in excavation, grading, or material handling, MMCS offers a significant improvement over traditional machine operation methods by reducing human error and streamlining workflows.

The Technology Behind MMCS

At the heart of MMCS is a combination of hardware and software components that work together seamlessly. Key technological elements include:

Global Positioning System (GPS): High-precision GPS modules provide accurate location data for machinery, ensuring that machines operate within designated boundaries.

Sensors and Cameras: Modern MMCS integrate various sensors—such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, and proximity sensors—to monitor machine orientation, speed, and environmental conditions. Cameras enhance situational awareness and help in verifying machine positions.

Control Software: Specialized software interprets sensor data and translates it into actionable commands for machine operators. This software often includes user-friendly dashboards that display real-time metrics, operational alerts, and performance reports.

Connectivity and IoT: Wireless connectivity and Internet of Things (IoT) integration allow for seamless communication between machinery and centralized management systems. This connectivity enables remote monitoring and control, which is vital for large-scale operations.

Benefits of Mobile Machine Control Systems

Adopting MMCS offers numerous benefits across various industrial sectors:

Enhanced Precision and Accuracy: With high-precision GPS and sensor data, MMCS minimizes errors in machine operation. For instance, in grading tasks, precise control results in smoother surfaces and reduced rework.

Increased Productivity: By automating many control functions, MMCS speeds up operational processes. Operators can complete tasks faster and with greater consistency, leading to higher productivity.

Cost Savings: Improved efficiency and reduced error rates translate to lower operating costs. Fewer mistakes mean less material waste, reduced fuel consumption, and decreased wear and tear on machinery.

Improved Safety: Automation and real-time monitoring reduce the likelihood of human error, which is a major factor in industrial accidents. Additionally, remote control capabilities allow operators to manage hazardous tasks from a safe distance.

Data-Driven Insights: MMCS collects vast amounts of operational data that can be analyzed to optimize processes. These insights help companies identify inefficiencies, plan maintenance, and make strategic decisions to enhance overall performance.

Applications in Construction and Mining

Mobile Machine Control Systems have a wide array of applications, particularly in construction and mining:

Grading and Excavation: MMCS enable precise control over earth-moving equipment, ensuring that grading and excavation are executed according to exact design specifications. This precision is critical for laying foundations, constructing roads, and preparing building sites.

Material Handling: In mining operations, accurate positioning of dump trucks and loaders is crucial. MMCS assists in optimizing material flow and reducing cycle times, which in turn increases productivity and reduces operational costs.

Surveying and Mapping: MMCS can be integrated with surveying equipment to generate real-time maps of job sites. These maps assist in planning and provide ongoing feedback to ensure that projects are executed accurately.

Agriculture: Beyond construction and mining, MMCS finds applications in precision agriculture. Tractors and harvesters equipped with these systems can optimize planting, fertilizing, and harvesting processes, leading to better crop yields and reduced resource waste.

Challenges in Implementing MMCS

Despite the numerous benefits, the implementation of Mobile Machine Control Systems is not without challenges:

High Initial Investment: The cost of advanced hardware, software, and training can be significant. Companies need to assess the return on investment carefully before deploying MMCS across their fleet.

Integration with Legacy Systems: Many organizations still operate older machinery that may not be compatible with modern MMCS. Upgrading these systems or integrating them with new technology can be complex and costly.

Data Security and Privacy: As MMCS rely on connectivity and data transmission, ensuring robust cybersecurity measures is critical to prevent unauthorized access and data breaches.

Skill Gap: Effective operation of MMCS requires skilled personnel who understand both the technical and operational aspects. Continuous training is necessary to bridge the gap between traditional machine operation and advanced control systems.

Environmental Factors: Harsh operational environments, such as extreme weather or rough terrain, can affect the performance and reliability of sensors and connectivity systems.

Future Trends in MMCS

The evolution of Mobile Machine Control Systems is expected to continue as technology advances. Some future trends include:

Enhanced Artificial Intelligence: AI will further improve predictive maintenance and operational efficiency by analyzing historical data and real-time inputs to forecast machine behavior and optimize performance.

Greater Automation: The integration of autonomous vehicle technology with MMCS could lead to fully automated machinery operations, reducing the need for human intervention in dangerous or repetitive tasks.

Improved Connectivity: With the advent of 5G networks, real-time communication and data transmission will become faster and more reliable, further enhancing the capabilities of MMCS.

Customization and Scalability: Future MMCS solutions will likely offer more customizable options to cater to the unique needs of different industries, allowing for scalable deployments in various operational environments.

Sustainability Integration: As industries focus more on reducing their environmental impact, MMCS will evolve to include features that monitor and optimize energy usage, further supporting sustainability initiatives.

Conclusion

Mobile Machine Control Systems are revolutionizing the way industries manage and operate heavy machinery. By integrating advanced GPS, sensors, and data analytics, these systems offer unparalleled precision, efficiency, and safety. Although challenges such as high initial costs and integration issues remain, the benefits far outweigh the obstacles. As technology continues to evolve, MMCS will become even more integral to operations in construction, mining, agriculture, and beyond. Adopting these systems not only enhances productivity and safety but also drives cost savings and sustainability. Embrace the future of machinery control and elevate your operational performance with Mobile Machine Control Systems.

[kudosmyhero]

Transformers) #2

Read Date: November 13, 2023 Cover Date: November 2023 ● Writer: Daniel Warren Johnson ● Art: Daniel Warren Johnson ● Colorist: Mike Spicer ● Letterer: Rus Wooton ● Editor: Sean Mackiewicz ◦ Jonathan Manning ●

**HERE BE SPOILERS: Skip ahead to the fan art/podcast to avoid spoilers (👏=didn't like it, 👏👏=it was ok, 👏👏👏=I liked it, 👏👏👏👏=I really liked it!, 👏👏👏👏👏=I loved it!)

Reactions As I Read: ● I love that Optimus is overwhelmed by the beauty of Earth when he first sees it ● FUCK, until he steps on a deer and squashes it! it was an accident and he feels bad… ● …unlike Starscream, who seems to get a kick out of squashing humans 😳

● when did Carly find time to airbrush Optimus Prime onto her van? ● aw, Dave was Carly's dad? ● 👏👏👏👏

Synopsis: Optimus Prime walks through a wood, marveling at the natural beauty of Earth. The plants, the animals, the scenery; he finds it all breathtaking. However, his serenity is interrupted upon hearing a crunch underneath his foot: he's stepped on a small deer, killing it. Optimus leans down, cradling the creature with remorse. Spike emerges from the woods and reassures Optimus that it was an accident. Optimus tells Spike that this world is so fragile compared to his own. Seeing the Autobot leader's despair, Spike decides to change the subject of the conversation and asks Optimus about his name. Optimus tells him that the Prime title denotes him as leader of the Autobots and was passed to him by the previous leader of their kind. Optimus in turn inquires about Spike's name, who reveals that his mom used to call him "Spikey" before she passed away due to his hair always sticking up as a child. Optimus is confused; he’s never heard the terms "mom" or "dad" before, though he does know the concept of "family." Spike then asks Optimus about where he comes from, prompting Optimus to tell him about Cybertron and the war between the Autobots and Decepticons that has raged for the past two centuries. The Autobots' forces eventually dwindled from the Decepticons' relentless onslaught to the point where they were forced to flee the planet aboard the Ark. However, their escape was attacked by Megatron and the Decepticons. The last thing Optimus saw before they crashed into the mountain was Earth. Optimus thanks Spike for assisting him during the battle, saying that he's not sure they would have escaped without him. Spike in turn offers condolences for Bumblebee.

Their somber heart-to-heart is soon interrupted by the newly reactivated Cliffjumper, whom Ratchet was able to successfully repair. Optimus warmly greets his old friend, but Cliffjumper is not nearly as taken with Earth as his commander, freaking out upon seeing Spike and Carly and bumping into the trees. Carly tells him to calm down. After all, if anyone should be freaking out about the giant robots from space, it's her. This gets Cliffjumper to calm down and the two shake hands. Inside the quarry, Ratchet has set about trying to revive the other Autobots, but has used up the last of their energon reserves fixing Cliffjumper. Optimus considers using the Matrix of Leadership to replenish their energon, but Ratchet says they can't. The Matrix is connected to Prime's own life force and if they lose him, they lose everything. Cliffjumper remarks that if they're running out of energon, the Decepticons will hopefully have the same problem.

Meanwhile, at the power plant Sparkplug and Davey work at, a police officer is surveying the damage caused by Starscream's attack and taking statements, not believing the plant manager's story about a giant robot. The officer says they'll get some detectives out here to investigate, but a panicked Sparkplug insists they need to call in the Army. As the officer tries to reassure Sparkplug, Skywarp drops from the sky, destroying his patrol car. Behind him descend Starscream and Soundwave carrying an energy transfer module stolen from the Ark, which will allow them to more efficiently convert energon from the plant. The police officer tries to shoot at Starscream, much to Sparkplug's protests, only for Starscream to step on him. As the Decepticons begin to drain the plant of its energy, Soundwave intercepts a transmission from the U.S. military asking a nearby pilot under the callsign "Frosting" to intercept their attack. Amused at the idea of the "squishies" trying to fight them, Starscream goes to intercept the fighter. He dogfights with them for a bit before transforming and smacking the jet down. The pilot and his ride-along eject, but Starscream catches up to Frosting and squashes him between his hands. The other soldier activates a button on his parachute, converting it into a winged jetpack. As Starscream advances, he pulls out his gun and fires at the Decepticon, getting a lucky shot at his eye before retreating. Starscream opts to give up on the minor annoyance and Duke flies away to fight another day.

Back at the plant, Sparkplug takes one of the patrol cars as he is chased down by Skywarp. Before he can catch the human, however, Frosting's F-18 comes crashing down on top of him and Soundwave, allowing Sparkplug to slip away. The resulting explosion is seen by the Autobots and Carly and Spike realize that the plant is under attack. Feeling responsible for bringing their war to this planet, Optimus opts to face the Decepticons, despite Ratchet's protest about their need to find their own energy sources. Optimus assigns Cliffjumper to stay with Ratchet and protect their sleeping comrades. Spike decides to come along to help his dad, which Optimus reluctantly allows. Carly tries to stop him, saying they need to get back home to their parents, but Spike inists. She decides to leave for home alone. As she drives back towards town, she is spotted by Laserbeak, who identifies the image of Optimus Prime Carly drew on her van earlier that day. She arrives home to find Sparkplug already there, dressed in his old Army fatigues and carrying several guns. Carly asks where her dad is, and Sparkplug answers that "they" killed him; Davey is dead.

(https://tfwiki.net/wiki/Transformers_(2023)_issue_2)

Fan Art: Jazz_Cliff by Arrancar4tik

[oracle-fusion-financials-1]

How to Set Up Role-Based Get to and Oversee Authorizations for Budgetary Users.

In today’s exciting budgetary scene, guaranteeing secure and competent get to to money related frameworks is basic. Role-based get to control (RBAC) is a down to earth approach to wrapping up this by assigning consents to clients based on their parts inside an organization. Here’s a step-by-step facilitation to setting up role-based get to and overseeing consents for contrasting monetary clients effectively.

1. Get it the Nuts and shocks of Role-Based Get to Control (RBAC)

RBAC is a security show up that limits framework access based on the user’s parcel inside an organization. Each parcel compares to particular errands and commitments, guaranteeing clients can get to information and functionalities vital for their work. This minimizes dangers of unauthorized get to and reduces complexity in consent management.

2. Recognize Cash related Roles

Start by characterizing the differing parts included in your cash related framework. Common parts in budgetary organization include:

Accountant: Handles common record sections, compromises, and reporting.

Auditor: Requires read-only access to all monetary information for compliance and outline purposes.

Financial Investigator: Needs to get to point by point cash related reports, plans, and surveying tools.

Payroll Boss: Coordinates master payment scatterings, charge filings, and compliance.

Administrator: Facilitates the cash related framework and oversees client parts and permissions.

3. Chart Consents to Roles

For each parcel, arrange the particular errands and the required authorizations. For instance:

Accountant:

Create and alter diary entries.

Generate monetary reports.

Access common record and accounts payable/receivable modules.

Auditor:

View all budgetary transactions.

Access review trails and logs.

Generate compliance reports.

Administrator:

Create, alter, and erase client accounts.

Assign parts and permissions.

Monitor framework logs for suspicious activities.

4. Actualize a Role-Based Get to Framework

Using a cash related framework or ERP (Undertaking Asset Organizing) program like Prophet Combination Financials, SAP, or QuickBooks, organize role-based get to as follows:

a. Set Up Client Accounts

Create inquisitively client accounts for each individual.

Use solid affirmation procedures, such as multi-factor confirmation (MFA).

b. Dole out Roles

Assign predefined parts to clients based on their work responsibilities.

Ensure that each client has as it were one parcel unless completely basic to keep up a crucial partitioned from consent conflicts.

c. Characterize Parcel Hierarchies

Establish chains of command for parts with covering commitments. For case, an Chairman parcel might wrap all consents of a Bookkeeper and Analyst but with included privileges.

5. Routinely Review and Overhaul Permissions

Permissions ought to not be inactive. Conduct unpredictable outlines to:

Ensure users’ parts and consents change with their current responsibilities.

Remove get to for clients who have cleared out the organization or changed roles.

Update consents to comply with progressed headings or commerce processes.

6. Screen Get to and Keep up Logs

Enable logging and checking to track clients. This makes a qualification in recognizing potential security breaches or misuse of authorizations. Key works out to screen include:

Login endeavors and failures.

Unauthorized get obliged data.

Changes to fundamental monetary records.

7. Arrange Employees

Educate your budgetary bunch on the noteworthiness of secure get to controls. Highlight:

How to utilize the cash related framework securely.

The centrality of taking after to alloted roles.

Steps to report suspicious works out or get to issues.

8. Utilize Robotization Tools

Use mechanization contraptions to streamline consent organization. Highlights like robotized parcel provisioning, get to revocation for wrapped up specialists, and eager parcel errands based on trade rules can essentially redesign security and efficiency.

9. Compliance and Lawful Considerations

Ensure your RBAC utilization complies with cash related controls such as SOX (Sarbanes-Oxley Act), GDPR, or other basic rules. Non-compliance can result in strong fines and reputational damage.

10. Test the System

Regularly test your RBAC setup by:

Simulating get to scenarios to guarantee consents work as intended.

Conducting intrusion tests to recognize vulnerabilities.

Involving investigators to favor compliance with security standards.

Conclusion

Role-based get to and consent organizations play a fundamental parcel in ensuring monetary frameworks and guaranteeing operational reasonability. By methodically recognizing parts, mapping authorizations, and leveraging progressed gadgets, organizations can keep up overpowering security whereas locks in cash related clients to perform their commitments reasonably. Actualizing these hones not as it were minimizes dangers but other than guarantees compliance with industry measures and builds acknowledge insides the organization. To Your bright future join Oracle Fusion Financials.

[lonestarflight]

Cancelled Equipment: Lunar Application of a Spent S-IVB Stage (LASS)

"LASS vehicle landing legs and footpads."

In August 1965, NASA began the Apollo Applications Program (AAP) to develop science-based human spaceflight missions using hardware developed for the Apollo program following the first moon landing. They encouraged and invited proposals for new uses of Apollo hardware then under development. One such proposal came from the Douglas Company (DAC) and International Business Machines (IBM) for a modifying the Saturn S-IVB stage for use as an unmanned lunar logistics vehicle to carrier equipment to the moon to support extended human stays and/or a lunar base.

LASS vehicle launch configuration.

In their proposal, the Saturn IB/V S-IVB Stage would be modified with landing gear and other equipment. The Saturn Instrument Unit (IU), which sat on top of the S-IVB and was the computer system that controlled the entire rocket.

Procedure for LASS vehicle landing leg deployment and separation from the Saturn V S-II stage.

The mission was an unmanned, direct-flight, using an existing lunar beacon to obtain a precise landing location.

"The LASS required either a highly throttleable J-2 type engine (J-2X) or a moderately throttleable J-2S with RL-10 engines added to provide proper landing control.

LASS vehicle engine and plumbing arrangement.

"DAC studied several configurations and recommended a vertical lander with a payload package on top. Landed payloads in the order of 27,300 pounds (12,380 kilograms) were claimed by DAC with the 1965 Saturn V capability. This payload was based on a more optimistic delta-V budget than used in other studies. However, the landed payload would still be substantial (7200 - 8600 kg) using the more conservative values."

"The LASS vehicle just before touchdown on the lunar surface. The illustration displays the position of the IU and, above it, the tapered LASS vehicle payload volume."

"After an unspecified period of time, astronauts would land near the LASS vehicle in an Apollo LM. The Douglas/IBM team provided few details about how the crew would interact with the LASS vehicle. They offered only a few vague suggestions concerning, for example, how astronauts in bulky space suits might ascend the approximately 60 feet (18.3 meters) to the top of the LASS vehicle to reach the payload. Neither did they describe how payload items would be moved from the top of the LASS vehicle to the surface, though they suggested that unspecified 'cargo & handling equipment' with a mass of 3100 pounds (1400 kilograms) would be available. These and other mysteries would no doubt have been addressed if NASA had opted to fund additional LASS studies.

The Douglas/IBM engineers did, however, define five typical LASS payload configurations and mission durations. All would feature lunar exploration hardware under consideration in 1966 for AAP lunar missions and would see IU navigational and communications electronics serve double-duty as experiment data support equipment.

Configuration 1 was most in keeping with the role of the LASS vehicle as a sequel to an S-IVB-derived laboratory in low-Earth orbit. The LASS vehicle's LH2 tank would be lined with 3940 pounds (1785 kilograms) of micrometeoroid shielding and thermal insulation before launch from Earth; this weight would be subtracted from the weight available for payload above the IU.

About 7700 pounds (3490 kilograms) of the payload above the IU would take the form of a two-man shelter similar to the SSESM proposed for the Earth-orbiting S-IVB laboratory. Life support gases and liquids and other expendables would account for 4500 pounds (2040 kilograms) of the payload. Experiment apparatus with a total weight of 500 pounds (227 kilograms), a 1000-pound (454-kilogram) unpressurized Lunar Scientific Survey Module (LSSM) rover, and a one-or-two-person Lunar Flying Unit (LFU) of unspecified weight would make up the balance of the payload.

Configuration 1 would see the two astronauts lower themselves into the LASS vehicle LH2 tank by unspecified means through an airlock in the shelter. The LH2 tank would then serve as either a laboratory or an emergency shelter. The crew would live in the LASS vehicle for up to 14 days before they reactivated their LM and returned to the Apollo CSM waiting in lunar orbit.

The other four LASS payload configurations would not make use of the LH2 tank, so the weight of the shielding and insulation surrounding it in Configuration 1 could be applied to payload above the IU. Configuration 2, with a 30-day lunar surface stay time, would include a 13,000-pound (5900-kilogram) four-man shelter, a 3800-pound (1725-kilogram) small (though possibly pressurized) rover, 4500 pounds (2040 kilograms) of science equipment, and 5700 pounds (2585 kilograms) of expendables. The Douglas/IBM team did not explain how four astronauts could reach the LASS vehicle on the Moon using the three-man CSM and two-man LM.

Configuration 3 would include a four-man shelter, an LSSM, science equipment, and 8500 pounds (3855 kilograms) of expendables. The four-person crew would remain on the Moon for 59 days. Configuration 4 would include a two-person shelter, a small rover, scientific equipment, and 11,000 pounds (4990 kilograms) of expendables. The crew would evenly divide their time during their 120-day lunar surface stay between the shelter and the small rover. Configuration 5 would include a two-person shelter, an LSSM, scientific equipment, and 13,800 pounds (6260 kilograms) of expendables. The crew would evenly divide their time during their 195-day stay between the shelter and the LSSM.

The Douglas/IBM team suggested that the astronauts might tip the roughly 60,000-pound (27,215-kilogram) LASS vehicle on its side to place its payload above the IU — which in this case would not include a shelter — close to the lunar surface. They did not, however, explain how the astronauts might accomplish this feat. They suggested that the crew could live inside their LM while they unloaded equipment from the tipped LASS vehicle and converted its LH2 tank into a shelter.

A LASS vehicle with more extensive modifications — for example, a large rectangular hole cut into its LH2 tank for mounting a telescope — might be tipped on its side and converted into a lunar surface astronomical observatory. Ultimately, multiple upright and tipped LASS vehicles might be dragged together to form a 'LASS Modular Lunar Base.' The Douglas/IBM engineers ended their report by declaring that 'LASS is envisioned to be the vehicle to support all lunar surface programs.'"

Information from Astronautix.com: link

Information from the "No Shortage of Dreams" blog: link

[spacetimewithstuartgary]

Completed experiments on International Space Station to help answer how boiling and condensation work in space

After a decade of preparation and two years of active experiments in space, a facility that Purdue University and NASA's Glenn Research Center in Cleveland designed, built and tested has completed its test campaign on the International Space Station.

The Flow Boiling and Condensation Experiment (FBCE), led by Purdue professor Issam Mudawar, gathered vital data for engineering innovations to help astronauts travel farther into space and conduct long-duration missions on the moon or Mars. The data will also support the design of future spacecraft propulsion, thermal management systems, in-space refueling and vapor compression heat pumps for planetary bases.

"We were asked to create an experiment to test flow boiling in microgravity, and I'm thrilled to see that we've delivered in a big way," said Mudawar, the Betty Ruth and Milton B. Hollander Family Professor of Mechanical Engineering and FBCE's principal investigator. "The amount of data coming out of the FBCE is just absolutely enormous, and that's exactly what we want."

Mudawar's space-based experiment tackles a simple question: How do we keep future vehicles and facilities cool in space's harsh environment? For example, the moon's surface fluctuates wildly between minus 410 degrees and 250 degrees Fahrenheit; to create a human habitat there, reliable thermal management will be essential.

Traveling farther into space requires cryogenic fuel depots, but the flow physics of cryogenic liquids in microgravity haven't been fully understood. Even future propulsion systems, such as nuclear fission or Rankine cycle heat engines, will also require efficient cooling systems capable of operating in a zero-gravity environment.

For all these reasons, NASA solicited research proposals on the topic and selected a proposal submitted by Mudawar, who is one of the most cited researchers on flow boiling and condensation, and Glenn's Mojib Hasan.

In flow boiling, heat is removed by flowing a liquid that then boils, phase-changing into a gas, and then later condensing back into a liquid. While this efficient thermal management solution has been studied in-depth on Earth, no one knew if it was feasible in space.

"We have developed over a hundred years' worth of understanding of how heating and cooling systems work in Earth's gravity," Mudawar said, "but we haven't known how they work in weightlessness."

Enter the FBCE, which started operating on the space station in 2022. About the size of a refrigerator, FBCE contains two Purdue-designed test modules—one for flow boiling and one for condensation—integrated with a fluid system that Purdue researchers and NASA Glenn designed together. NASA Glenn built the fluid system along with avionics modules. Sitting in the space station's Fluids Integrated Rack, the fluid system enables researchers to conduct space station experiments autonomously from the ground.

"The FBCE experiments are crucial in two ways," Mudawar said. "Not only do they generate fundamental data that would be difficult for us to gather on Earth, but they also serve to validate theoretical models that we have spent years developing. Once the models are validated, it becomes possible for NASA to more accurately predict the fluid physics of lower-gravity environments, such as the moon or Mars."

Boiler up

Mudawar started this project in 2011 when NASA selected his proposal after a decadal survey from the National Academies emphasized the need for this research.

"Every 10 years, the National Academies conduct a survey that advises NASA what specific aspects they should focus on," Mudawar said. "This report indicated a lack of fundamental models of how fluids behave in microgravity. That's when I began work with NASA Glenn to create an experimental facility to study fluid flow and phase change in space."

The first prototype FBCE flew on parabolic airplane flights with Zero Gravity Corp. (ZERO-G). Purdue students and NASA Glenn-qualified operators conducted experiments on that flight during 15-second periods of microgravity. After promising results and years of hardware development, testing and flight qualification, the final version of the facility came together at NASA Glenn.

After passing NASA's design, safety and readiness reviews, FBCE's flow boiling module was launched to the space station in August 2021 and began operations in early 2022. Last August, the condensation module of FBCE launched, replacing the flow boiling module. Purdue completed its test campaign in July.

The mountains of data gathered from FBCE's experiments will form the basis of fundamental models and future research for years to come.

"This is among NASA's largest and most complex experiments for fluid physics research," Mudawar said. "We have published more than 70 papers on reduced gravity and fluid flow since the project's inception and even contributed to the most recent National Academies decadal survey based on our findings. Collectively, these papers are really almost like a textbook for how boiling and condensation works in space."

Cool future

While the Purdue test campaign has ended, FBCE isn't going anywhere. The facility will remain on the space station for other researchers who want to experiment with fluid physics in space.

"My original proposal established that FBCE would eventually become a national resource," Mudawar said. "Other investigators have already started using it since our campaign ended. It's my hope that the data coming from FBCE will help establish the science of cooling spacecraft for years to come."

TOP IMAGE: NASA astronaut Frank Rubio services the Flow Boiling and Condensation Experiment (FBCE) on the International Space Station, designed, built and tested by Purdue and NASA's Glenn Research Center. While its official test campaign has concluded, FBCE is staying in space and is available for other organizations to conduct zero-gravity fluid dynamics experiments. Credit: NASA

LOWER IMAGE: The second module of the Flow Boiling and Condensation Experiment launched to the International Space Station last August among other cargo for NASA. Credit: NASA/Danielle Johnson

[sunaleisocial]

NASA Seeks Input for Astrobee Free-flying Space Robots - NASA

New Post has been published on https://sunalei.org/news/nasa-seeks-input-for-astrobee-free-flying-space-robots-nasa/

NASA Seeks Input for Astrobee Free-flying Space Robots - NASA

NASA is seeking input from American companies for the operation and use of a system of free-flying robots aboard the International Space Station as the agency continues to foster scientific, educational, and technological developments in low Earth orbit for the benefit of all.

The colorful, cube-shaped robots – named “Bumble,” “Honey,” and “Queen” – are part of the Astrobee system helping astronauts and researchers perform technology demonstrations, scientific research, and STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) activities in the unique environment of space since 2018.

“Dozens of institutions collaborate with NASA to use the Astrobee system to test new hardware and software technologies,” said Jose Benavides, project manager for the Astrobee facilities at NASA’s Ames Research Center in California’s Silicon Valley, where the system was designed and built. “I’m excited to hear how respondents think Astrobee can continue to advance robotics in space.”

NASA issued a Request for Information to inform strategic planning, inviting industry to provide information to help shape the maturation of robotics in zero gravity to achieve the greatest scientific and exploration value. Responses are due Sept. 27, 2024. To learn more about the Request for Information, visit:

https://sam.gov/opp/7893fe01e7bf4ae69029b5d8915e62c5/view

The battery-powered robots in the Astrobee system fly around the space station’s modules using electric fans for propulsion and “see” their surroundings using lights, cameras, and other sensors. They have interchangeable “arms” that provide ways for the robots to hold objects or keep steady for tasks requiring stability, and magnets to ensure they stay securely docked when recharging.

Working autonomously, or via remote control by astronauts, flight controllers, or researchers on the ground, the robots can be used to off-load time-consuming tasks. For instance, the robots can work independently or collaboratively to assist with routine chores like space station monitoring, maintenance, inventory, experiment documentation, or moving cargo throughout the station. This allows astronauts more time to tackle complex work that only humans can perform.

Astrobee’s versatile design has allowed thousands of hours of testing on hundreds of microgravity experiments. Many have involved astronauts, but the facility also is regularly used by researchers and student teams across the world competing for the opportunity to run their programs on the robots in space.

Jonathan Barlow

Astrobee Project Manager

For example, NASA’s ISAAC (Integrated System for Autonomous and Adaptive Caretaking) project, used the Astrobees to study how robots could assist spacecraft, vehicle systems, and ground operators. The technology could help NASA use robot caretakers for critical spacecraft in the agency’s Moon-to-Mars plans, including the Gateway lunar space station and Mars transit habitat vehicle, especially during the months-long periods when these spacecraft will be uncrewed.

“Our ISAAC work has proved out its technology in a high-fidelity space environment because of the ready availability of the capable Astrobee robots,” said Trey Smith, project manager for ISAAC at NASA Ames.

The project demonstrated using multiple Astrobees to autonomously collect the first robot-generated survey of a spacecraft interior. Other ISAAC firsts include the first use of a robot to locate the source of a sound in space, in collaboration with the Bosch USA SoundSee payload team, and the first time robots navigated between modules of a space station. Future robots could use ISAAC technology to transfer cargo between space vehicles or respond to a time-critical fault like a leak due to a micrometeoroid impact, all without human assistance.

“With Astrobee, we’ve learned about flying multiple robots in space alongside humans,” said Jonathan Barlow, project manager for Astrobee at NASA Ames. “Further developing human-robotic technology will pave the way for future crewed and uncrewed spacecraft maintenance and exploration tasks done by robots both off-planet and in deep space.”

The Astrobee Facility, operated out of NASA’s Ames Research Center, provides a free-flying robotic system for space station research and STEM outreach.  NASA’s Game Changing Development Program, part of the agency’s Space Technology Mission Directorate, funded Astrobee. NASA’s International Space Station Utilization Office provides ongoing funding.

[argroup6]

Your Guide to MBBS Admission in Madhya Pradesh

Pursuing a career in medication is a respectable and fulfilling way, and MBBS Admission in Madhya Pradesh gives a fabulous opportunity for aspiring doctors. The state is home to a few prestigious medical colleges known for their quality education, reasonable fees, and cutting edge offices. This guide will assist you in the admission process, eligibility criteria, best colleges, and tips for preparing for the entrance exam.

Why Choose Madhya Pradesh for MBBS?

Quality Education: Madhya Pradesh has a few of the most excellent medical colleges in India, advertising comprehensive education and down to earth preparing. Educators like AIIMS Bhopal and MGMMC Indore are famous for their academic excellence and experienced staff.

Affordable Fees: The taken a toll of pursuing MBBS in Madhya Pradesh is generally lower compared to other states. This makes it an alluring choice for students from different financial backgrounds.

Modern Infrastructure: Medical colleges in Madhya Pradesh are prepared with state-of-the-art offices, counting progressed research facilities, well-stocked libraries, and investigation centres. This guarantees that students get hands-on preparing with the most recent medical innovations.

Social Differing qualities: Studying in Madhya Pradesh exposes students to a wealthy social legacy. The state is known for its verifiable points of interest, assorted conventions, and inviting community, giving a dynamic environment for individual and scholarly development.

Top Medical Colleges in Madhya Pradesh

All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhopal: AIIMS Bhopal is a chief medical institution advertising world-class education and research offices. It gives a well-rounded MBBS program with a centre on clinical training and research.

Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College (MGMMC), Indore: Built up in 1948, MGMMC is one of the most seasoned and most regarded medical colleges in the state. It offers amazing scholarly programs and emphasises community wellbeing administrations.

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College (NSCBMC), Jabalpur: NSCBMC is known for its thorough academic educational modules and broad clinical introduction. The college gives various research openings and viable training sessions.

Gandhi Medical College (GMC), Bhopal: GMC Bhopal is recognized for its academic excellence and advanced offices. The MBBS program here plans students for a fruitful medical career through a comprehensive educational module and practical experience.

Admission Process

Getting into an MBBS in Madhya Pradesh requires difficult work and a clear understanding of the admission process. Here's a step-by-step guide:

Eligibility Criteria: To apply for MBBS Admission in Madhya Pradesh, students must have completed their 10+2 with Material science, Chemistry, and Science as centre subjects. A minimum total score of 50% is by and large required.

Entrance Exam: The National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) is the key entrance exam for MBBS admissions in India. Students must qualify NEET with a great rank to secure a position in a medical college inMadhya Pradesh.

Counselling Process: After clearing NEET, students take part in the counselling handle conducted by the Directorate of Medical Education (DME), Madhya Pradesh. Seats are designated based on NEET rank, preferences, and accessibility.

Preparing for NEET

Success in NEET is crucial for securing MBBS Admission in Madhya Pradesh. Here are a few tips to assist you plan viably:

Get it the Syllabus: Familiarise yourself with the NEET syllabus, which incorporates subjects from Material science, Chemistry, and Science secured in Class 11 and 12.

Create a Study Plan: Create a study plan that covers all subjects and incorporates standard modification. Consistency and disciplined study propensities are fundamental for success.

Hone Deride Tests: Take customary deride tests to survey your planning level and get used to the exam design. This will assist you oversee time successfully amid the real exam.

Centre on Powerless Ranges: Recognize your frail subjects or points and work on them perseveringly. Look to offer assistance from instructors or connect coaching classes in the event that is essential.

Conclusion

Pursuing MBBS Admission in Madhya Pradesh is a promising and fulfilling journey. With quality education, reasonable expenses, and fabulous foundation, the state offers a conducive environment for medical ponders. By preparing well for NEET and understanding the admission process, you'll be able to take the primary step towards accomplishing your dream of getting to be a specialist. Grasp this opportunity and set yourself on the way to a bright and successful medical career.

Choosing to study MBBS in Madhya Pradesh is a choice that can shape your future in remarkable ways. With devotion, difficult work, and the correct direction, you'll turn your dream of becoming a doctor into reality. Great good fortune on your journey to a successful medical career!

[tamilnadustateboard123]

Understanding the Tamil Nadu State Board Instruction Framework

Tamil Nadu, a dynamic state in southern India, is known for its wealthy social legacy and amazing strides in different segments, counting instruction. The Tamil Nadu State Board, moreover known as the Tamil Nadu State Board of School Examination (TNBSE), plays a significant part in forming the instructive scene of the state. In this web journal, we are going dive profound into the structure, educational modules, accomplishments, challenges, and future prospects of the Tamil Nadu State Board instruction framework. Chronicled Foundation

The Tamil Nadu State Board was set up with the essential point of giving quality instruction to understudies over the state. Over the a long time, it has advanced essentially, adjusting to the changing instructive needs and societal requests. The board conducts examinations for auxiliary (SSLC) and higher auxiliary (HSC) instruction, guaranteeing standardized instruction and appraisal over all partnered schools. Structure of the Tamil Nadu State Board

The Tamil Nadu State Board is dependable for directing and supervising the school instruction framework within the state. It sets the educational modules, endorses course readings, and conducts examinations for classes 10 (SSLC) and 12 (HSC). Here's a closer see at the structure: Essential and Upper Essential Instruction (Classes 1-8): Centers on foundational learning in different subjects. Accentuation on Tamil dialect and writing, in conjunction with English and other subjects. Nonstop and Comprehensive Assessment (CCE) framework to evaluate students' advance. Auxiliary Instruction (Classes 9-10): Plans students for the SSLC examination

Presentation of a broader run of subjects, counting Science, Science, Social Science, and Dialects. Down to earth and project-based learning is empowered. Higher Auxiliary Instruction (Classes 11-12): Plans understudies for the HSC examination, which is significant for college confirmations. Offers a assortment of streams: Science, Commerce, and Expressions. Center on in-depth subject information and specialization. Educational modules and Syllabus

The Tamil Nadu State Board's educational programs is planned to supply all encompassing instruction, adjusting scholarly meticulousness with co-curricular exercises. The syllabus is occasionally overhauled to join cutting edge instructive hones and innovative progressions. Key features of the educational programs incorporate: Dialect Capability

Tamil as the primary dialect and English as the moment dialect are obligatory, guaranteeing understudies are capable in both. STEM Instruction: Solid accentuation on Science, Innovation, Designing, and Arithmetic (STEM) to get ready understudies for future mechanical challenges. Humanities and Social Sciences: Comprehensive scope of history, geography, financial matters, and political science to cultivate well-rounded people. Professional Instruction

Presentation of professional subjects to supply understudies with viable aptitudes and work preparation. Examination and Assessment The Tamil Nadu State Board conducts the SSLC and HSC examinations yearly, which are pivotal for students' scholastic movement. The examination framework is outlined to test students' information, understanding, and application of concepts. Key perspectives incorporate: Hypothesis and Commonsense Exams

Subjects like Science and Computer Science have commonsense exams nearby hypothesis papers to survey students' viable information. Nonstop Appraisal: For classes 1-9, the CCE system ensures normal assessment through unit tests, ventures, and assignments. Evaluating Framework

The board takes after a reviewing framework that makes a difference in diminishing push and empowering a sound competition among understudies. Accomplishments and Acknowledgment The Tamil Nadu State Board has reliably created understudies who exceed expectations in different areas, reflecting the quality of instruction bestowed. A few eminent accomplishments incorporate Tall Pass Rate

The board exams witness a tall pass rate, demonstrating the adequacy of the instructing strategies and the students' devotion.

Beat Rankers

Tamil Nadu State Board understudies frequently secure beat positions in competitive exams like NEET, JEE, and UPSC. Notable Graduated class: Numerous board graduated class have gone on to realize noteworthy success in diverse areas such as pharmaceutical, building, writing, and open benefit. Challenges and Ranges for Enhancement In spite of its victories, the Tamil Nadu State Board faces a few challenges that require tending to to guarantee nonstop advancement: Framework

Numerous schools, particularly in rustic zones, need satisfactory foundation and assets, influencing the quality of instruction. Educator Preparing: Nonstop proficient advancement and preparing programs for instructors are essential to keep them upgraded with cutting edge educating techniques. Educational programs Redesign: Intermittent upgrades and consolidation of modern subjects like fake insights, natural science, and business enterprise are required. Understudy Bolster Frameworks: Improved counseling and support systems for understudies to offer assistance them adapt with scholastic and individual challenges. Future Prospects The Tamil Nadu State Board is effectively working towards improving the instruction framework to meet worldwide measures. Future activities incorporate: Computerized Instruction

Integration of advanced instruments and e-learning platforms to provide a mixed learning encounter. Expertise Advancement: Accentuation on ability improvement programs to guarantee understudies are industry-ready. Comprehensive Instruction: Guaranteeing comprehensive instruction for all, including differently-abled understudies, to form an evenhanded learning environment. Investigate and Development: Empowering investigate and advancement at the school level to cultivate a soul of request and imagination among understudies.

Conclusion

The Tamil Nadu State Board has made critical commitments to the instructive advancement of the state, giving a vigorous establishment for understudies to construct their prospects. Whereas there are challenges to be tended to, the board's commitment to continuous improvement and adjustment to cutting edge instructive needs is commendable. By grasping development, improving foundation, and centering on all encompassing advancement, the Tamil Nadu State Board is balanced to encourage raise the benchmarks of instruction and create future-ready citizens. In conclusion, the Tamil Nadu State Board plays a significant part in forming the instructive scene of Tamil Nadu. Its organized approach to instruction, center on comprehensive educational programs, and devotion to understudy victory have set up it as a dependable and compelling instructive body. With progressing endeavors to address challenges and grasp future trends, the Tamil Nadu State Board is set to proceed its bequest of fabulousness in instruction.

Contact us :-

Website URL :- https://tamilnadustatesboard.in/

[argroupofedu5]

Exploring the Way to MBBS in India: A Comprehensive Guide

Setting out on the journey to be a specialist may be a dream shared by numerous people over India. The pursuit of a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) degree isn't as it were a testament to one's energy for healing and benefit but also a significant academic and individual endeavour. In India, where healthcare plays a pivotal part in societal development, the interest of MBBS is both challenging and fulfilling. This comprehensive guide aims to light the way to MBBS in India, covering everything from eligibility criteria to entrance examinations and past.

Understanding MBBS:

MBBS is an undergraduate degree within the medical field, including the disciplines of medicine and surgery. It prepares understudies with the knowledge, abilities, and clinical experience vital to hone pharmaceutical as an authorised specialist. The term of the MBBS course in India is regularly five and a half years, counting a one-year internship period. Amid these a long time, understudies undergo thorough scholastic preparation combined with down to earth clinical exposure to get them ready for the complexities of medical practice.

Qualification Criteria:

The qualification criteria for seeking after MBBS in India change depending on the institution and the entrance examination. In any case, there are a few common requirements that trying medical students must meet:

Educational Capabilities: 

Candidates must have completed 10+2 or identical examinations with Material science, Chemistry, Biology/Biotechnology, and English as obligatory subjects.

Least Marks: Most teachers require candidates to secure a least total of 50% within the qualifying examination (45% for saved categories).

Age Constrain: The least age restriction for candidates is ordinarily 17 a long time, and the greatest age limit varies among teachers.

Entrance Examinations:

Entrance examinations serve as the door to prestigious medical colleges in India. A few of the prominent entrance exams for MBBS include:

National Qualification cum Entrance Test (NEET): 

NEET is conducted by the National Testing Office (NTA) and is the essential entrance exam for admission to MBBS courses in India. It comprises multiple-choice questions based on Physics, Chemistry, and Science.

All India Organized Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Entrance Exam: 

AIIMS conducts its entrance examination for admission to its MBBS program. The exam surveys candidates' knowledge in Material science, Chemistry, Science, Common Knowledge, and Inclination & Consistent Thinking.

Jawaharlal Founded Postgraduate Medical Education and Investigate (JIPMER) Entrance Exam: JIPMER conducts its entrance exam for admission to MBBS courses advertised by the organisation.

Counselling and Seat Allotment:

After qualifying the entrance examinations, candidates experience counselling and prepare for situate assignments in medical colleges. Counselling may be conducted at the national, state, or organisation level, depending on the examination and the participating institutions. Amid counselling, candidates have the opportunity to choose their preferred colleges based on their rank and availability of seats.

MBBS Curriculum:

The MBBS curriculum in India is organised to supply understudies with a comprehensive understanding of restorative science and clinical hone. It ordinarily incorporates pre-clinical subjects such as Life structures, Physiology, and Biochemistry, taken after by para-clinical and clinical subjects like Pathology, Pharmacology, Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics, and Gynecology. Also, students experience down to earth training through clinical postings and turns in various offices of healing centres.

Internship:

Upon completing the scholastic educational modules, MBBS students are required to undergo a obligatory one-year internship in a recognized healing centre. The internship gives hands-on clinical encounters beneath the supervision of experienced medical experts. Amid this period, assistants actively participate in understanding care, diagnostic procedures, and treatment protocols, in this manner bridging the gap between hypothetical knowledge and practical application.

Licensing Examination:

After effectively completing the internship, aspiring doctors are qualified to appear for the permitting examination conducted by the respective state medical boards or the National Medical Commission (NMC). The permitting examination evaluates candidates' clinical aptitudes, knowledge, and competency to hone medicine independently. Upon passing the examination, candidates are granted the permit to hone as enrolled medical professionals.

Career Prospects:

A degree in MBBS opens up differing career openings for medical experts in India. Graduates can seek after specialisation through postgraduate courses (MD/MS) in different medical specialties such as Common Medication, Pediatrics, Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Orthopedics, and more. Also, MBBS graduates can explore career paths in healthcare teaching, government hospitals, private clinics, investigate organisations, open health sectors, and academia.

Conclusion:

Pursuing MBBS in India may be a journey that requires dedication, perseverance, and a genuine commitment to the service of humankind. From clearing entrance examinations to undergoing thorough scholastic training and practical internships, aspiring doctors undergo a transformative instructive experience that plans them for the challenges and duties of medical practice. With the correct direction, assets, and determination, trying medical students can explore the way to MBBS and set out on a satisfying career devoted to recuperating and kindness.