brookstonalmanac · 3 months ago
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Events 7.22 (after 1900)
1916 – Preparedness Day Bombing: In San Francisco, a bomb explodes on Market Street during a parade, killing ten and injuring 40. 1921 – Rif War: The Spanish Army suffers its worst military defeat in modern times to the Berbers of the Rif region of Spanish Morocco. 1933 – Aviator Wiley Post returns to Floyd Bennett Field in New York City, completing the first solo flight around the world in seven days, 18 hours and 49 minutes. 1936 – Spanish Civil War: The Popular Executive Committee of Valencia takes power in the Valencian Community. 1937 – New Deal: The United States Senate votes down President Franklin D. Roosevelt's proposal to add more justices to the Supreme Court of the United States. 1942 – The United States government begins compulsory civilian gasoline rationing due to the wartime demands. 1942 – Grossaktion Warsaw: The systematic deportation of Jews from the Warsaw ghetto begins. 1943 – World War II: Allied forces capture Palermo during the Allied invasion of Sicily. 1943 – World War II: Axis occupation forces violently disperse a massive protest in Athens, killing 22. 1944 – The Polish Committee of National Liberation publishes its manifesto, starting the period of Communist rule in Poland. 1946 – King David Hotel bombing: A Zionist underground organisation, the Irgun, bombs the King David Hotel in Jerusalem, site of the civil administration and military headquarters for Mandatory Palestine, resulting in 91 deaths. 1962 – Mariner program: Mariner 1 spacecraft flies erratically several minutes after launch and has to be destroyed. 1963 – Crown Colony of Sarawak gains self-governance. 1973 – Pan Am Flight 816 crashes after takeoff from Faa'a International Airport in Papeete, French Polynesia, killing 78. 1976 – Japan completes its last reparation to the Philippines for war crimes committed during imperial Japan's conquest of the country in the Second World War. 1977 – Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping is restored to power. 1981 – The first game of the 1981 South Africa rugby union tour of New Zealand and the United States is held in Gisborne, New Zealand. 1983 – Martial law in Poland is officially revoked. 1990 – Greg LeMond, an American road racing cyclist, wins his third Tour de France after leading the majority of the race. It was LeMond's second consecutive Tour de France victory. 1992 – Near Medellín, Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar escapes from his luxury prison fearing extradition to the United States. 1993 – Great Flood of 1993: Levees near Kaskaskia, Illinois rupture, forcing the entire town to evacuate by barges operated by the Army Corps of Engineers. 1997 – The second Blue Water Bridge opens between Port Huron, Michigan and Sarnia, Ontario. 2003 – Members of 101st Airborne of the United States, aided by Special Forces, attack a compound in Iraq, killing Saddam Hussein's sons Uday and Qusay, along with Mustapha Hussein, Qusay's 14-year-old son, and a bodyguard. 2005 – Jean Charles de Menezes is killed by police as the hunt begins for the London Bombers responsible for the 7 July 2005 London bombings and the 21 July 2005 London bombings. 2011 – Norway attacks: A bomb explodes, targeted at government buildings in central Oslo, followed by a massacre at a youth camp on the island of Utøya. 2012 – Syrian civil war: The People's Protection Units (YPG) captured the cities of Serê Kaniyê and Dirbêsiyê, during clashes with pro-government forces in Al-Hasakah. 2013 – Dingxi earthquakes: A series of earthquakes in Dingxi, China, kills at least 89 people and injures more than 500 others. 2019 – Chandrayaan-2, the second lunar exploration mission developed by Indian Space Research Organisation after Chandrayaan-1 is launched from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in a GSLV Mark III M1. It consists of a lunar orbiter, and also included the Vikram lander, and the Pragyan lunar rover.
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luxurypropertiesworld · 7 months ago
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Gaganyaan Mission
Overview:
The Journey of Gaganyaan: The Story of Building India's First Manned Spacecraft.
India's space exploration efforts have reached a major turning point with the launch of the ambitious Gaganyaan mission. The creation of the spaceship and its building have been enormous undertakings as the country gets ready to launch its first astronauts into space. The Gaganyaan project has been molded by technological hurdles, creative solutions, and cooperative efforts. We explore these aspects of the construction of India's first human spaceship in this article.
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India's current effort, called the Gaganyaan Mission, aims to send a three-day manned mission with a crew of three people into 400 km of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and return them safely to Earth.
The Government of India has approved two unmanned and one manned mission as part of this program.
It is anticipated that the first manned spaceflight will occur in 2024. If the Gaganyaan Mission is successful, India will join the US, China, and Russia as the only countries with the capability of human space flight.
  About:
The Indian Space Research Organization(ISRO) is working on a project called Gaganyaan.
Three flights are scheduled to be sent into orbit under the Gaganyaan schedule.
 •        One human spaceflight and two unmanned flights are planned.
•        Three Indian astronauts, one of whom is a woman, will be on board the Gaganyaan system module, also known as the Orbital           Module.
•        It will spend five to seven days traveling in a low-Earth orbit 300–400 kilometers above the planet.
  Payloads:
•        The Crew Module, or spacecraft transporting people, will make up the cargo.
•        Powered by two liquid propellant engines is the Service Module.
•        It will have emergency mission abort and escape capabilities.
  Launch:
Gaganyaan will be launched by the three-stage heavy lift launch vehicle GSLV Mk III, also known as the LVM-3 (Launch Vehicle Mark-3), since it is equipped with the required payload capacity.
  Design and Architecture:
The crew module and the service module are the two primary parts of the Gaganyaan spacecraft in terms of design and architecture. A safe and livable environment is provided for the duration of the flight by the crew module, which can accommodate up to three astronauts. It has all the necessary systems, including navigation, communication, and life support. The spacecraft's propulsion, power generation, and other auxiliary systems required for space operation are housed in the service module in the meantime.
  Technological Innovations:
State-of-the-art engineering and cutting-edge technology are needed to develop a manned spacecraft. In order to design and construct the Gaganyaan spacecraft, ISRO's scientists and engineers pushed the limits of space technology. Every component of the spacecraft, from sophisticated propulsion systems to lightweight materials, has been painstakingly designed to guarantee dependability and safety throughout the trip.
  Safety and Reliability:
In human spaceflight, maintaining the safety and dependability of the spacecraft is crucial. Strict quality control procedures and testing guidelines have been applied at every stage of the spacecraft's development. Before the spacecraft is certified for flight, extensive ground testing, simulation exercises, and component-level testing have been carried out to identify and mitigate any potential issues.
  Astronaut Integration and Training:
As spacecraft development proceeds, ISRO has been working with many international space organizations to provide the astronauts chosen for the Gaganyaan mission with the necessary training. Numerous exercises, including survival training, simulated space flights, and physical fitness tests, are part of astronaut preparation. In addition, one of the most important ways to guarantee astronaut performance and comfort throughout the mission has been to incorporate human aspects into spacecraft design.
  Collaboration:
Several parties, including ISRO's own centers, research institutes, and industry partners, have worked together to create India's first manned spacecraft. International cooperation with space agencies like Roscosmos has also been crucial in sharing knowledge, resources, and technology for the Gaganyaan mission.
  SUMMARY:
In conclusion, ISRO and the Indian space community have accomplished a great deal with the construction of Gaganyaan, the country's first manned spacecraft. The spacecraft, the result of years of study, development, and cooperation, represents India's ambitions to discover new space frontiers. India is getting ready to become one of the countries that can send people into space, and the entire world is watching with excitement as the countdown to launch approaches.
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mojo07 · 1 year ago
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Gaganyaan mission: India's ambitious journey to space
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India's ambitious human spaceflight mission, Gaganyaan, is poised to make history. The uncrewed test flight of the Gaganyaan spacecraft successfully lifted off on October 21, 2023, from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota. This crucial milestone marks a significant step forward in India's aspirations to become the fourth nation to send humans into space.
The Gaganyaan mission aims to demonstrate India's capability to launch a human-rated spacecraft into low Earth orbit (LEO) and safely return the crew to Earth. The mission will involve a three-member crew orbiting Earth for up to seven days. The spacecraft will be launched by India's Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III (GSLV Mk III), the country's most powerful rocket to date.
The Gaganyaan mission is a complex undertaking that has required the development of several critical technologies, including a human-rated launch vehicle, a crew module capable of sustaining life in space, and a safe re-entry system. The successful completion of the uncrewed test flight is a testament to the hard work and dedication of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) scientists and engineers who have been working on the project for over a decade.
The Gaganyaan mission is not just a technological marvel, but also a symbol of India's growing scientific and technological prowess. The successful completion of the mission will be a major boost to India's space program and will inspire a new generation of scientists and engineers to pursue careers in space exploration.
The Gaganyaan mission is scheduled to be launched in 2024. The successful completion of the mission will be a historic moment for India and will mark a major milestone in the country's space program.
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news-global · 1 year ago
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Chandrayaan-3 Launch Today: Landing Expected at 5.47pm August 23
India’s third lunar mission, Chandrayaan-3, is set to make its debut today with a launch from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota. This mission aims to achieve a soft landing of a lander and rover on the moon’s south pole. The highly anticipated launch is scheduled for 2:35pm IST (09:05am UTC) and will be facilitated by the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III (GSLV Mk III)…
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wajidbhat · 1 year ago
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CHANDRAYAAN_3: MOON DREAM OF INDIA
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Chandrayaan-3 will be launched on July 14, 2023, at 2:35 pm from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota. The spacecraft will be launched by the Launch Vehicle Mark-III (LVM3).Chandrayaan 3 will be launched with the help of Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III rocket.
GSLV mark III is a 3 stage vehicle developed by ISRO .It has a mass of 640 tonnes that can accommodate up to 8,000 kg payload to Low Earth Orbit ( LEO ) and 4000 kg payload to Geo - Synchronous Transfer Orbit ( GTO ).In chandrayaan_3 there will be noIt orbiter.The propulsion of chandrayaan_3 will work as a communication relay satellite.The lander used in chandriyaan 3 is different from the vikram lander which was used in chandrayaan_2.There were five 800 newton engines in vikram lander but in chandrayaan_3 there are 4_throttle able engines and there is a new addition in the lander of chandrayaan_3.The lander of chandrayaan_3 will carry a laser doppler calorimeter to accurately measure lenders speed during landing and also changes have been made in the software and algorithms of the lander so that communication can be made even better.FUNDING FOR CHANDRIYAAN 3
ISRO chairman Dr. Kailasavodivvo sivan said that for chandrayaan_3 total budget of of ₹615 crore (81 million USD) has been allowed to ISRO for chandrayaan_3.And in view of machinery, equipment and other capital expenditure ISRO has demanded additional ₹75 crores from central government.
HOW WILL IT IMPACT INDIAN SOACE PROGRAM:
ISRO and JAXA are working together on the Lunar Polar Exploration Mission ( LUPEX ) to explore the polar region of the Moon .In this project , JAXA will provide launcher and rover , while a lander will be provided by ISRO .The rover used in chandrayaan_3 has raised many doubts on the capability of ISRO.The aim of chandrayaan_3 is to cover
the fellowships made in the previous mission , will also show ISRO'S capabilities and low - cost space power.If the mission is successfully completed India could become 4th country in the world to land on the lunar surface softly.
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firstbuzz · 1 year ago
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Chandrayaan-3 launch date: Isro to lift-off India's ambitious moon mission on.
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The Indian Space Research Organisation (Isro) is in the final stages of preparing to launch India's ambitious moon mission Chandrayaan-3. The spacecraft is in the final assembly of the payloads at the UR Rao Satellite Centre.
The Chandrayaan-3 mission carries scientific instruments to study the thermo-physical properties of the lunar regolith, lunar seismicity, lunar surface plasma environment and elemental composition in the vicinity of the landing site.The third spacecraft, part of the Chandrayaan program, will launch on India's heaviest launch vehicle, Launch Vehicle Mark-III, also called the GSLV Mk III from the Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota. The spacecraft is a combination of three systems; propulsion, lander and rover.ISRO has completed the flight acceptance hot test of the CE-20 cryogenic engine that will power the cryogenic upper stage of the launch vehicle for the Chandrayaan-3. The hot test was carried out for a planned duration of 25 seconds at the High Altitude Test Facility of the ISRO Propulsion Complex at Mahendragiri in Tamil Nadu.Chandrayaan-3 lander also successfully underwent EMI/EMC test at U R Rao Satellite Centre. The Magnetic Interference/ Electro - Magnetic Compatibility test is conducted for satellite missions to ensure the functionality of the satellite subsystems in the space environment and their compatibility with the expected electromagnetic levels.
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inventivaindia · 6 years ago
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ISRO Launches GSAT-29 Satellite: 100 Gbps Internet, 1st Human Spaceflight No More A Fantasy
ISRO Launches GSAT-29 Satellite: 100 Gbps Internet, 1st Human Spaceflight No More A Fantasy
In a proud accomplishment for entire India, Indian Space Research Organization has successfully launched their newest communication satellite: GSAT-29 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh.
This is ISRO’s 5th successful launch this year, and indeed special one: Weighing 3,423 kgs, GSAT-29 is India’s heaviest satellite to launch from an India-made launch vehicle.
PM Modi…
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entertainmentnerdly · 5 years ago
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A beautiful shot(my personal favourite) of India's GSLV-Mark III-M1 rocket a few minutes after its launch from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre on 22 July, 2019. The launch was for India's second unmanned mission to the moon: Chandrayaan-2. via /r/spaceporn https://ift.tt/2u4vqyg
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brookstonalmanac · 1 year ago
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Events 7.22 (after 1900)
1916 – Preparedness Day Bombing: In San Francisco, a bomb explodes on Market Street during a parade, killing ten and injuring 40. 1921 – Rif War: The Spanish Army suffers its worst military defeat in modern times to the Berbers of the Rif region of Spanish Morocco. 1933 – Aviator Wiley Post returns to Floyd Bennett Field in New York City, completing the first solo flight around the world in seven days, 18 hours and 49 minutes. 1936 – Spanish Civil War: The Popular Executive Committee of Valencia takes power in the Valencian Community. 1937 – New Deal: The United States Senate votes down President Franklin D. Roosevelt's proposal to add more justices to the Supreme Court of the United States. 1942 – The United States government begins compulsory civilian gasoline rationing due to the wartime demands. 1942 – Grossaktion Warsaw: The systematic deportation of Jews from the Warsaw ghetto begins. 1943 – World War II: Allied forces capture Palermo during the Allied invasion of Sicily. 1943 – World War II: Axis occupation forces violently disperse a massive protest in Athens, killing 22. 1944 – The Polish Committee of National Liberation publishes its manifesto, starting the period of Communist rule in Poland. 1946 – King David Hotel bombing: A Zionist underground organisation, the Irgun, bombs the King David Hotel in Jerusalem, site of the civil administration and military headquarters for Mandatory Palestine, resulting in 91 deaths. 1962 – Mariner program: Mariner 1 spacecraft flies erratically several minutes after launch and has to be destroyed. 1963 – Crown Colony of Sarawak gains self-governance. 1973 – Pan Am Flight 816 crashes after takeoff from Faa'a International Airport in Papeete, French Polynesia, killing 78. 1976 – Japan completes its last reparation to the Philippines for war crimes committed during imperial Japan's conquest of the country in the Second World War. 1977 – Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping is restored to power. 1981 – The first game of the 1981 South Africa rugby union tour of New Zealand and the United States is held in Gisborne, New Zealand. 1983 – Martial law in Poland is officially revoked. 1990 – Greg LeMond, an American road racing cyclist, wins his third Tour de France after leading the majority of the race. It was LeMond's second consecutive Tour de France victory. 1992 – Near Medellín, Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar escapes from his luxury prison fearing extradition to the United States. 1993 – Great Flood of 1993: Levees near Kaskaskia, Illinois rupture, forcing the entire town to evacuate by barges operated by the Army Corps of Engineers. 1997 – The second Blue Water Bridge opens between Port Huron, Michigan and Sarnia, Ontario. 2003 – Members of 101st Airborne of the United States, aided by Special Forces, attack a compound in Iraq, killing Saddam Hussein's sons Uday and Qusay, along with Mustapha Hussein, Qusay's 14-year-old son, and a bodyguard. 2005 – Jean Charles de Menezes is killed by police as the hunt begins for the London Bombers responsible for the 7 July 2005 London bombings and the 21 July 2005 London bombings. 2011 – Norway attacks: First a bomb blast which targeted government buildings in central Oslo, followed by a massacre at a youth camp on the island of Utøya. 2012 – Syrian civil war: The People's Protection Units (YPG) captured the cities of Serê Kaniyê and Dirbêsiyê, during clashes with pro-government forces in Al-Hasakah. 2013 – Dingxi earthquakes: A series of earthquakes in Dingxi, China, kills at least 89 people and injures more than 500 others. 2019 – Chandrayaan 2, the second lunar exploration mission developed by Indian Space Research Organisation after Chandrayaan 1 is launched from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in a GSLV Mark III M1. It consists of a lunar orbiter, and also included the Vikram lander, and the Pragyan lunar rover.
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aerospace-anant · 3 years ago
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ISRO-The Indian Space Agency
ISRO stands for Indian Space Research Organization, it is the national space agency of India and was established in 1969 by Vikram Sarabhai in Bengaluru. The chairman of ISRO is Shri S. Somnath who succeeded Dr. K Sivan in 2022.
LAUNCH VEHICLES
1)Satellite Launch Vehicle(SLV-3)
· First launch vehicle made by India, it had its first successful launch in 1980 and made India the 6th country in the world with orbital launch capabilities.
2) Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle(ASLV)
· Another small satellite launch vehicle launched in 1980s to put the satellite into geostationary orbit. It was dropped due to insufficient funds and multiple failures.
3) Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle(PSLV)
· First Indian medium lift launch vehicle that has enabled India to put all its remote sensing satellites into sun synchronous orbit. It is India’s primary launch vehicle with more than 50 launches.
4) Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV)
· Envisioned in 1990s to deliver heavier payloads into orbit. India had to make its own cryogenic engine (CE-7.5).
5) GSLV Mark III(LVM3)
· ISRO’s heaviest rocket and helps India deliver all its communication satellites. It is also expected to carry out India’s first manned mission the Gaganyaan.
MANGALYAAN
The Mangalyaan is India’s approach to the red planet. It was India’s first interplanetary mission and was launched on 5thNovember 2013 and has been orbiting Mars since September 2014. It made ISRO the 4th space agency to achieve Mars orbit, it made India the first Asian country to reach Martian Orbit and the first country in the world to achieve so in its maiden attempt. Another amazing fact about the Mangalyaan mission is that it just cost $75 million which is a third of the budget of the movie ‘Martian’. ISRO plans to launch another mission to mars the Mangalyaan-2 by 2025 and possibly touch the Martian surface.
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(The Mangalyaan orbiting Mars. By- https://amuedge.com/edl-challenges-with-indias-mangalyaan-2-mission-part-i/)
CHANDARYAAN
The Chandaryaan missions are India’s trips to the moon. Chandaryaan-1 was launched way back in 2008 and made India the 4th country in the world to have its flag on the moon. It was intended to work for 2 years but due to technical issues, it had to be retired after 312 days but, it achieved most of its objectives such as testing the soil for water traces. Chandaryaan 2 is ISRO’s latest lunar mission that targeted the south pole of the moon in an attempt to find frozen water and was supposed to be the 4th country to soft land at the south pole of the lunar surface but the Vikram lander crashed into the Lunar surface due to a last-minute glitch in the soft landing guidance software led to the failure of the lander's soft landing attempt after a successful orbital insertion. The Chandaryaan 3 will be India’s 3rdlunar mission and will attempt to soft land on the south pole of the moon but unlike the Chandaryaan-2, it not have an orbiter.
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(Chandaryaan 2. Source- https://www.planetary.org/space-images/indias-mars-orbiter-mission-hardware)
GAGANYAAN
It will be India’s attempt to put a person in space. There have been a few Indians in space such as Rakesh Sharma and Kalpana Chawla but none of them flew as an Indian astronaut. Rakesh Sharma was a cosmonaut and Kalpana Chawla was an American astronaut. The mission has been designed for 3 people but the upgraded version will have rendezvous and docking capabilities. Prior to the actual launch of the astronauts, there will be 2 test unmanned flights the first one being in June 2022. The final manned mission is expected to be sometime in 2023. The Vikas engine will be used for the mission which is the core stage of the GSLV mk3. Vyommitra a robot will be on the unmanned missions to see the effect microgravity will have on human bodies, unlike other space agencies that use animals for the same
BIBLOGRAPHY:
1. https://www.isro.gov.in/
2. https://amuedge.com/edl-challenges-with-indias-mangalyaan-2-mission-part-i/
3. https://www.planetary.org/space-images/indias-mars-orbiter-mission-hardware
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photos-of-space · 5 years ago
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A beautiful shot(my personal favourite) of India's GSLV-Mark III-M1 rocket a few minutes after its launch from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre on 22 July, 2019. The launch was for India's second unmanned mission to the moon: Chandrayaan-2.
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scienceetfiction · 5 years ago
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India Loses Contact with Vikram Lander During Historic Moon Landing Attempt
“ India lost contact with its Vikram lunar lander Friday (Sept. 6) during a daring attempt to make history as the first country to land near the south pole. The landing anomaly may have dashed Indian dreams of becoming just the fourth country to successfully soft-land a spacecraft on the moon. “
“Chandrayaan-2 consisted of three components — an orbiter, a lander named Vikram and a rover named Pragyan — which together launched to the moon on July 22 atop a Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III (GSLV Mk III) rocket. It took nearly 7 weeks to arrive at its destination; Chandrayaan-2 arrived in lunar orbit on Aug. 20, and the lander separated from the orbiter on Sept. 2 to begin its descent to the lunar surface.
The lander and the rover were designed to spend one lunar day — about 14 Earth days — investigating the lunar surface with a variety of scientific instruments. Both were expected to shutdown come nightfall at the moon's south pole, because they weren't built to withstand to frigid temperatures of the lunar night”.
“Despite the demise of the Pragyan lunar rover and Vikram lander, the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter will continue studying the moon from afar for about a year.”
space.com
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coolspacepics · 5 years ago
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A beautiful shot(my personal favourite) of India's GSLV-Mark III-M1 rocket a few minutes after its launch from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre on 22 July, 2019. The launch was for India's second unmanned mission to the moon: Chandrayaan-2.spaceporn
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spaceexp · 5 years ago
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GSLV MkIII-M1 Successfully Launches Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft
ISRO - Chandrayaan-2 Mission logo. July 22, 2019
GSLV carrying Chandrayaan-2 lift off
India’s Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle GSLV MkIII-M1, successfully launched the 3840 kg Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft into an earth orbit today (July 22, 2019). The spacecraft is now revolving round the earth with a perigee (nearest point to Earth) of 169.7 km and an apogee (farthest point to Earth) of 45,475 km.  Today’s flight marks the first operational flight of the GSLV Mk III.
Chandrayaan-2 launch
Video above: A GSLV Mk-III M1 launch vehicle launched the Chandrayaan-2 lunar mission from the Satish Dhawan Space Center at Sriharikota, India, on 22 July 2019, at 09:13 UTC (14:43 IST). The Chandrayaan-2 lunar mission aims to put the Vikram lander near South Pole of the Moon in September 2019. Subsequently, the Pragyan rover will roll out and carry out experiments on Lunar surface for a period of 1 Lunar day which is equal to 14 Earth days. Orbiter will continue its mission for a duration of one year. Video Credits: ISRO/SciNews. After a smooth countdown lasting 20 hours, GSLV MkIII-M1 vehicle majestically lifted off from the Second Launch Pad at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR (SDSC SHAR), Sriharikota at the scheduled launch time of 1443Hrs (2:43 pm) Indian Standard Time (IST) with the ignition of its two S200 solid strap-on motors.  All the subsequent flight events occurred as scheduled. About 16 minutes 14 seconds after lift-off, the vehicle injected Chandrayaan-2 spacecraft into an elliptical earth orbit. Immediately after spacecraft separation from the vehicle, the solar array of the spacecraft automatically got deployed and ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC), Bengaluru successfully took control of the spacecraft. ISRO Chairman Dr K Sivan congratulated the launch vehicle and satellite teams involved in this challenging mission. “Today is a historical day for Space Science and Technology in India. I am extremely happy to announce that GSLV MkIII-M1 successfully injected Chandrayaan-2 into an orbit of 6000 Km more than the intended orbit and is better.” “Today is the beginning of the historical journey of India towards Moon and to land at a place near south pole to carry out scientific experiments to explore the unexplored. On July 15, 2019 ISRO intelligently observed a technical snag, Team ISRO worked out, fixed and corrected the snag within 24 hours. For the next one and a half day, the required tests were conducted to ensure that corrections made were proper and in right direction. Today ISRO bounced back with flying colours.” Dr. Sivan said.
Image above: Chandrayaan-2 ("Lunar Trolley" in Hindi) will consist of an orbiter, an undercarriage and a rover, for a total weight of 3.8 tons. In the coming days, a series of orbit manoeuvres will be carried out using Chandrayaan-2’s onboard propulsion system.  This will raise the spacecraft orbit in steps and then place it in the Lunar Transfer Trajectory to enable the spacecraft to travel to the vicinity of the Moon. GSLV Mk III is a three-stage launch vehicle developed by ISRO. The vehicle has two solid strap-ons, a core liquid booster and a cryogenic upper stage. The vehicle is designed to carry 4 ton class of satellites into Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) or about 10 tons to Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Chandrayaan-2 is India's second mission to the moon. It comprises a fully indigenous Orbiter, Lander (Vikram) and Rover (Pragyan). The Rover Pragyan is housed inside Vikram lander. The mission objective of Chandrayaan-2 is to develop and demonstrate the key technologies for end-to-end lunar mission capability, including soft-landing and roving on the lunar surface. On the science front, this mission aims to further expand our knowledge about the Moon through a detailed study of its topography, mineralogy, surface chemical composition, thermo-physical characteristics and atmosphere leading to a better understanding of the origin and evolution of the Moon.
 ISRO's graphic depiction of Chandrayaan 2 landing on the Moon
After leaving earth orbit and on entering Moon's sphere of influence, the on-board propulsion system of Chandrayaan-2 will be fired to slow down the spacecraft. This will enable it to be captured into a preliminary orbit around the Moon. Later, through a set of manoeuvres, the orbit of Chandrayaan-2 around the moon will be circularised at 100 km height from the lunar surface. Subsequently, the lander will separate from the Orbiter and enters into a 100 km X 30 km orbit around the Moon.  Then, it will perform a series of complex braking maneuvers to soft land in the South polar region of the Moon on September 7, 2019. Following this, the Rover will roll out from the lander and carries out experiments on the lunar surface for a period of 1 lunar day, which is equal to 14 Earth days. The mission life of the lander is also 1 lunar day.The Orbiter will continue its mission for a duration of one year. The orbiter had a lift-off weight of about 2,369 kg, while the lander and rover weighed 1,477 kg and 26 kg respectively.  The rover can travel up to 500 m (half a kilometre) and relies on electric power generated by its solar panel for functioning.
Chandrayaan-2 Lunar Orbiter
Chandrayaan-2 has several science payloads to facilitate a more detailed understanding of the origin and evolution of the Moon. The Orbiter carries eight payloads, the lander carries three, and the rover carries two.  Besides, a passive experiment is included on the lander.The Orbiter payloads will conduct remote-sensing observations from a 100 km orbit while the Lander and Rover payloads will perform in-situ measurements near the landing site. The ground facilities constitute the third vital element of Chandrayaan-2mission.  They perform the important task of receiving the health information as well as the scientific data from the spacecraft. They also transmit the radio commands to the spacecraft. The Ground Segment of Chandrayaan-2 consists of Indian Deep Space Network, Spacecraft Control Centre and Indian Space Science Data Centre. Today’s successful launch of Chandrayaan-2 is a significant milestone in this challenging mission. Related articles: India revives lunar mission Monday https://orbiterchspacenews.blogspot.com/2019/07/india-revives-lunar-mission-monday.html Moon mission for an Indian probe https://orbiterchspacenews.blogspot.com/2019/07/moon-mission-for-indian-probe.html For more information about ISRO and Chandrayaan-2 mission, visit: Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO): https://www.isro.gov.in/ Chandrayaan-2 mission: https://www.isro.gov.in/chandrayaan2-home-0 Images, Video (mentioned), Text, Credits: ISRO. Greetings, Orbiter.ch Full article
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elultimocosmonauta-blog · 7 years ago
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INDIA QUIERE LLEVAR A SU PRIMER HUMANO AL ESPACIO CON “EL MOSNTRUO”
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640 toneladas de peso (o 200 elefantes). 43 metros de altura (un edificio de 13 plantas). Más de 15 años tardó en fabricarse. 4 veces menos pesado que el Saturn V de la NASA.
Son cuatro cifras de “El Monstruo”, el cohete con el que, en 2024, se espera que India lleve su primer humano al espacio.
El Monstruo
Su nombre oficial es GSLV Mark III, pero todos le conocen como “El Monstruo” debido a sus hechuras. El 5 de junio llevó a cabo, desde el Centro Espacial Satish Dhawan, en Sriharikota, al noreste del país, un vuelo en el que elevó sus 640 toneladas y sus más de 43 metros de longitud para emprender su viaje más allá de la atmósfera.
Llevó a bordo el satélite de comunicaciones GSAT-19 y un aparato para medir rayos cósmicos en equipos espaciales, pero espera que en breve pueda enviar su primer ser humano: India se convertiría así en el cuarto país del mundo en conseguir tal hazaña espacial.
De momento, con todo, con esta misión se aspira que India se desvincule de la dependencia en otros países a la hora de colocar sus satélites más pesados en el espacio.
Fuente: xatakaciencia
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