#KeyManagement

[market-insider]

Enterprise Key Management Market Future Outlook: Analyzing Size, Share, Growth Patterns

The global enterprise key management market size is estimated to reach USD 9.82 billion in 2030 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 19.8% from 2024 to 2030. Increasing number of data breaches and loss of confidential data, coupled with increasingly stringent regulations and compliance standards to safeguard sensitive data from malicious users, have led to the implementation of advanced enterprise security solutions across different industries. The shift of organizations toward a digital environment for offering digital services and the need to protect increasing volumes of sensitive data are expected to drive the market.    

Enterprise Key Management Market Report Highlights

North America is expected to be the largest market during the forecast period, owing to technological proliferation and accelerated adoption of digital services

Increased online and mobile transactions, along with data security regulatory mandates will drive the market growth

Increasing investments in cloud-based encryption solutions and the need to protect increasing data volume will drive the growth of the enterprise key management market

For More Details or Sample Copy please visit link @: Enterprise Key Management Market Report

Enterprise key management is an essential component of data encryption solutions and involves managing and dealing with generation, exchange, storage, use, destruction, and replacement of cryptographic keys that encrypt different data sources such as emails, databases, disk drives, big data repositories, backup tapes, and data over cloud environments. The key management solutions protect cryptographic keys throughout their lifecycle and restrain unauthorized users from accessing the keys or data.

Organizations are increasingly deploying encryption solutions to protect confidential data, thus, enabling the growth of the enterprise key management market. However, issues related to a lack of skilled key management workforce and standardized key management systems are expected to challenge the industry. Furthermore, the high cost and complex deployment of key management solutions are expected to hinder the market growth.

List of major companies in the Enterprise Key Management Market

Venafi, Inc.

Thales

Google

IBM

Amazon Web Services, Inc.

Oracle

Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development LP

Quantum Corporation

WinMagic

Microsoft

For Customized reports or Special Pricing please visit @: Enterprise Key Management Market Analysis Report

We have segmented the global enterprise key management market report based on deployment, enterprise size, application, end use, and region.

[supedium]

Using Encryption for Data Protection: A Comprehensive Guide

https://supedium.com/cyber-security-tips/using-encryption-for-data-protection-a-comprehensive-guide/ #Compliance #cybersecurity #dataprotection #encryption #KeyManagement #QuantumEncryption Using Encryption for Data Protection: A Comprehensive Guide https://supedium.com/cyber-security-tips/using-encryption-for-data-protection-a-comprehensive-guide/

[alinabernice-blog]

e-Keymanager, formerly Autotag Australia, is a high-profile service company key drop box in Australia. We also provide After hours key drop off & Drop off and collection lockers in AUstralia.

[propertyamanagementservices]

Why Hire an NRI Property Management Company?

There are a lot of reasons to hire an NRI property management company. Here are just a few:

•       You won't have to worry about repairs or maintenance because your NRI property management company will take care of it all.

•       You won't have to worry about collecting rent because your NRI property management company will do so on your behalf.

•    Your NRI Property Management Company will ensure that properties are always rented and maintained, so that no money is wasted or lost by not having someone live in them at all times (and therefore paying rent).

To know more about NRI Rental Property Management visit: https://www.myfollo.com/blog/how-an-nri-can-manage-property-in-india/

[jisasoftech]

JISA's Solutions For More Info contact us 9619222553 OR Mail us sales@jisasoftech.com www.jisasoftech.com

[kevin1marshal-blog]

[keyguru-eu]

HoppyGo: Keyguru rozhodně splnilo naše očekávání

HoppyGo je platforma pro sdílení aut. Od července mají majitelé vozidel možnost domluvit se s řidiči na předání nebo vrácení klíčů přes Keyguru pointy. Obě strany tak šetří čas a nemusí hledat společný termín setkání. Jak HoppyGo půlroční spolupráci s Keyguru hodnotí?

Jaká jste měli očekávání od využití Keyguru pointů?

S možností bezkontaktního předání už máme zkušenost. Nabízíme majitelům vozů hardwarový doplněk, který umožňuje otevření auta odkudkoliv. Zpětná vazba na toto řešení je dlouhodobě velice pozitivní, a proto jsme se rozhodli tento styl předání vozu dále rozšiřovat prostřednictvím dalších technologií. To nás přivedlo i ke Keyguru.

Od Keyguru boxů jsme si tak slibovali, že přinesou větší míru flexibility širší části našich uživatelů. Dnes můžeme říci, že na základě nasbírané zpětné vazby toto řešení naše očekávání splnilo.

Keyguru pointy umožní předání klíčů od auta bez nutnosti osobního setkání. To je přínos pro řidiče a majitele auta, ale co to znamená pro vás jako firmu?

Začlenění tohoto Keyguru řešení do našich služeb nevyžadovalo zásadní procesní změny či jinou zátěž.

Musím říct, že tuto jednoduchost a procesní nenáročnost opravdu oceňujeme. Obzvlášť ve světle zásadní přidané hodnoty pro uživatele naší platformy, kterou tato technologie přinesla.

Jak konkrétně předání klíčů pomocí Keyguru boxu probíhá?

Pokud se majitel s řidičem domluví na předání přes Keyguru box, je třeba, aby zavolali na naší infolinku. Naše zákaznická podpora box rezervuje v Keyguru pointu na požadovanou dobu a zašle oběma stranám kód, který slouží k otevření boxu. Pak už jen majitel vloží klíče do boxu a řidič si je vyzvedne. Celý proces je velmi jednoduchý.

Museli jste změnit procesy při předání auta? Musí klient využívající Keyguru point dělat něco jinak než obvykle?

Kromě zmíněného telefonátu je proces předání auta stejný. Předání probíhá přes aplikaci, kam se vůz vyfotí a přidají se údaje o najetých kilometrech a stavu palivoměru. To je celé. Jako v případě osobního setkání trvá jen několik minut.

Rozhodli jste se vzít náklady za využití schránky pro předání klíčů na sebe. Pro��?

Neustále se snažíme službu zlepšovat a dále inovovat. Obecně je možnost předání vozu bezkontaktně krok, který chceme podpořit a dále rozvíjet.

Nelze opomenout ani současnou situaci kolem koronaviru, kdy je tato funkcionalita zcela žádoucí.

Jaká byla reakce na uvedení služby ze strany majitelů aut?

Spousta majitelů čekala na zavedení podobných možností. Ať už jde o ochranu zdraví nebo flexibilitu, reakce byly velice pozitivní.

Vyskytly se nějaké problémy, které jste museli řešit?

Jedna příhoda nás zastihla. Řidič si měl vyzvednout klíče v hotelu, který byl náhle a bez předchozího varování uzavřen kvůli nouzovému stavu. Naštěstí majitel i řidič našli jiné řešení a klíče si předali i tak. Zkrátka nic, co by nebylo řešitelné! :)

Řekli byste, že existuje typický majitel auta, který využívá Keyguru pointy pravidelně? Kdo to je, jak byste ho popsali?

Existuje celá řada majitelů, kteří si Keyguru vyzkoušeli a využívají službu opakovaně. Jde o jedince, kteří půjčují více aut a z tohoto důvodu se jim vyplatí nechat klíče v Keyguru boxu, aby ušetřili čas.

Co vám řešení přineslo? Splnilo vaše očekávání?

Jak už bylo řečeno, jde o další funkcionalitu, která přináší všem stranám větší flexibilitu, dělá službu obecně dostupnější a za současných podmínek také nabízí bezpečnější možnost předání vozu.

Keyguru rozhodně splnilo naše očekávání. Majitelé i řidiči jsou spokojeni a pro nás to neznamená zásadní zátěž. Vidíme to jako win-win situaci.

Prozradili byste nám na závěr, jaké má HoppyGo plány s Keyguru v budoucnosti?

Řešení se osvědčilo a my bychom rádi využívali služeb Keyguru boxů v širším měřítku. Cílem je zpřístupnit tuto možnost co největšímu počtu uživatelů HoppyGo.

[thinkwik]

The Slack Technologies has come up with the Encryption Key Management (EKM) add-on feature to provide its users with an additional layer of protection from the potential cyber attacks and data breaching. Let us take a look at how this new add-on will help secure your personal data and information from any possible online threats!

[samiranbghosh]

How Safe is Our Quantum Future?

Quantum computers will be revolutionary in their compute capability, so much that they can undermine the foundation of internet security. They are not just a technical achievement to be proud of, but a phenomenon that requires us to plan for without delay since they can undermine internet security.

We should adopt agile, integrated cybersecurity strategies now to ensure we are prepared for the age quantum computers will usher in.

Do share your thoughts and comments

#quantumcomputing #quantumiscoming #quantumcryptography #quantumcomputers #5gtechnology #5gsecurity #cybersecuritythreats #algorithms #keymanagement  #cryptography #bitcoin #fintechinnovation #cybersecurity #dataprotection #informationsecurity #datasecurity #infosec

https://samiran-ghosh.medium.com/how-safe-is-our-quantum-future-787dbd13e7c5

[surveycircle]

Tweeted

Teilnehmer für Online-Studie gesucht! Thema: "Einführung einer IoT-Schlüsselverwaltungslösung in einem Unternehmen" https://t.co/z1iOUk4xjB via @SurveyCircle #unternehmen #schlüsselverwaltung #KeyManagement #schlüsselmanagement #keys #umfrage #surveycircle https://t.co/Pp7ZtMxCPw

— Daily Research @SurveyCircle (@daily_research) Nov 10, 2022

[nahasfusion]

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[myfollo]

Duties and Responsibilities of a Property Manager 1. Determine the rent price 2. Prepare vacant units 3. Advertise rental vacancies 4. Screen and approve tenants 5. Prepare and enforce a lease agreement 6. Handle tenant complaints and issues 7. Collect and adjust the rent 8. Carry out property maintenance and repairs 9. Supervise on-site employees 10. Take care of the rental property 11. Handle evictions and process move-outs 12. Keeps records and creates regular reports #Propcare #myfollo #propertymanagement #PropertyManagementTips #propertymanagementservices #propertymanagement #propertymanagers #propertymanagementservices #propcare #propertymarket #mandates #propertymanagementcompany #possession #possessionclaim #keymanagement #TenantTips #tenantissues #TenantOwner #services #nris #nriinvestments #nriservices

[hiyosi]

SPIRE AgentをPod単位でデプロイできるか考える

背景

SPIRE Agentのデプロイパターンとして、公式から提供されているexampleではSPIRE AgentはDaemonSetで１Nodeにかならず１つのAgentコンテナが起動するようにデプロイされるようになっています。

SPIRE AgentはWorkload APIを提供するため、SPIRE Agentが停止していると、そのNodeで動作するPodに対するSVIDの新規発行やローテーションができないといった問題が出てしまいます。 そのため、SPIRE Agentが一定期間停止している場合にはNode上のPodすべての再スケジューリングが必要になってくることもあり可用性の懸念があります。

また、SPIREではWokloadのSVIDにひもづく秘密鍵の生成およびCSRの発行はAgentが行うため、マルチテナントでK8sクラスタを提供しているなどの場合にはセキュリティの懸念を持つかもしれません。Workload APIはUNIX Domain Soket経由で接続する必要があるため、複数のPodからマウントしてAgentと接続することになるため、セキュリティ上の理由などによりPSP(Pod Security Policy)などで任意のhostPathのマウントが禁止されているような環境では、ホワイトリストに加えてもらわなければならず利用が困難な問題もあります。

そこで、今回の本題である、SPIRE AgentをSidecarとしてPod単位でデプロイすることを考えたいと思います。Agentの管理範囲をより小さくすることで障害発生時の影響や、セキュリティインシデント発生時の影響の範囲を小さくできるのではないかと考えました。

実現方法を検討

まずはじめに、SPIRE Agentが起動するためには、Node Attestationのプロセスを経て正しいNodeで動作するAgentであることを証明しなければなりません。k8s_psat example ではNode AttestationについてはProjected VolumeによるBound SA Tokenを使っています。Bound SA TokenではJWT Payloadにaudなどのclaimが含まれるため、Tokenの正当性の他にaud claim にSPIRE Serverの設定ファイルで指定した文字列が含まれていることを確認(つまりTokenのaudienceがSPRIE Serverになっていることを確認)してAgentのAttestation(Node Attestation)を実現しています。

e.g., Projected Volumeを使ったBound SA Token

volumes: - name: spire-token projected: sources: - serviceAccountToken: path: spire-agent expirationSeconds: 7200 audience: spire-server

このとき、Agentに割り当てられるSPIFFE IDは

spiffe://<trust domain>/spire/agent/k8s_psat/<cluster>/<node uid>

となり、NodeのUIDが最小の粒度になっています。通常はそれで問題ないですが、今回のようなPod単位でAgentを起動しようとすると、このままでは同じNode上で動作するAgentはすべて同一のIDをもつことになってしまいます。SPIREでは通常、同じSPIFFE IDが複数のAgentで使われることは想定しておらず、データストアではAgentのSPIFFE IDと対応するX.509証明書のシリアル番号が紐付いています。つまり、同じSPIFFE IDに対しては有効なX.509証明書はひとつのみとなります。

ビルトインの k8s_psat プラグインでは要件に合いませんので、今回は検証のためにk8s_psatに少しだけ手を加えたプラグインを用意しました。

https://github.com/hiyosi/pod-sidecar-node-attestor

上記のpod-sidecar-node-attestor は AgentのSPIFFE IDについて、Node UIDに加えてPod UIDも含める仕様になっています。これによって同一ノード上で動作するAgentが複数いても問題ありません。同一Pod上で複数のAgentが動作しない限り問題にはならないはずです。

e.g., SPIFFE IDの例

spiffe://<trust domain>/spire/agent/pod_sidecar/<cluster>/<node uid>/<pod uid>

問題なくAgentが起動した先にはWorkloadへSVIDを配布するのが最終目的です。 WorkloadのRegistration Entryを追加する場合には、上記のSPIFFE IDをParent IDとすることもできますが、アプリケーションコンテナと同じタイミングでAgentが起動するため、少々使い勝���が悪いと思われます。したがってこの場合には、k8s_past プラグインと同様に pod_sidecar プラグインでもNode Attestation時に生成されたSelectorを使ってグルーピングしてしまうのがよいと思います。クラスタ単位で一つのグループとして扱うことも、Namespace単位で扱うこともできそうです。

e.g., Selectorの例

pod_sidecar:cluster:<cluster>

pod_sidecar:agent:ns:<namespace>

検証

pod_sidecar pluginを使って検証するためのマニフェスト一式をリポジトリに用意してあります。 https://github.com/hiyosi/pod-sidecar-node-attestor/tree/master/example

テストアプリケーションは go-spiffe のリポジトリのものに手を加えたものをコンテナにして使っています。

インストール

$ kubectl apply -f spire-server.yaml $ kubectl apply -f test-app.yaml

SPIRE Serverの起動確認

hiyosi@debian ~/s/g/h/p/example> kubectl get pods -n spire spire spire-server-0 1/1 Running 0 12m10s

テストアプリケーションの起動確認(Deploymentsでreplicas=2で設定、sidecarとしてspire-agentがデプロイされている)

hiyosi@debian ~/s/g/h/p/example> kubectl get pods -n default NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE default test-app-59fb58c78c-bdpzf 2/2 Running 0 9m21s default test-app-59fb58c78c-p4thh 2/2 Running 0 9m21s

テストにつかうRegistration Entry

// Nodeをグルーピングするエントリ /opt/spire # /opt/spire/bin/spire-server entry create -spiffeID spiffe://example.org/my-cluster -selector pod_sidecar:cluster:demo-cluster -node Entry ID : 144d7283-e508-47f3-9607-144915977b27 SPIFFE ID : spiffe://example.org/my-cluster Parent ID : spiffe://example.org/spire/server TTL : 3600 Selector : pod_sidecar:cluster:demo-cluster // テスト用Workload(Pod)のエントリ /opt/spire # /opt/spire/bin/spire-server entry create -parentID spiffe://example.org/my-cluster -spiffeID spiffe://example.org/test-app -selector k8s:sa:test-app Entry ID : cc9d9cb4-a763-4dbc-9d42-3dbd87a11475 SPIFFE ID : spiffe://example.org/test-app Parent ID : spiffe://example.org/my-cluster TTL : 3600 Selector : k8s:sa:test-app

SPIRE Serverのログ (2回のAttestationリクエストがきている)

// 1つめの Pod にデプロされているAgentからのNode Attestationリクエスト>>> time="2020-06-01T12:16:20Z" level=debug msg="Signing CSR for Agent SVID" agent_id="spiffe://example.org/spire/agent/pod_sidecar/demo-cluster/c11983bd-4b32-46d5-a850-fa183a15c48f/fc3f690c-72be-4fbb-822a-a6b7d0317fb7" attestor=pod_sidecar method=node_api spiffe_id="spiffe://example.org/spire/agent/pod_sidecar/demo-cluster/c11983bd-4b32-46d5-a850-fa183a15c48f/fc3f690c-72be-4fbb-822a-a6b7d0317fb7" subsystem_name=node_apitime="2020-06-01T12:16:20Z" level=debug msg="Signed X509 SVID" expiration="2020-06-01T13:16:20Z" spiffe_id="spiffe://example.org/spire/agent/pod_sidecar/demo-cluster/c11983bd-4b32-46d5-a850-fa183a15c48f/fc3f690c-72be-4fbb-822a-a6b7d0317fb7" subsystem_name=catime="2020-06-01T12:16:20Z" level=debug msg="could not find node resolver" attestor=pod_sidecar subsystem_name=node_apitime="2020-06-01T12:16:20Z" level=info msg="Node attestation request completed" address="10.244.1.1:49475" attestor=pod_sidecar method=node_api spiffe_id="spiffe://example.org/spire/agent/pod_sidecar/demo-cluster/c11983bd-4b32-46d5-a850-fa183a15c48f/fc3f690c-72be-4fbb-822a-a6b7d0317fb7" subsystem_name=node_api // 2つめの Pod にデプロされているAgentからのNode Attestationリクエスト time="2020-06-01T12:16:22Z" level=debug msg="Signing CSR for Agent SVID" agent_id="spiffe://example.org/spire/agent/pod_sidecar/demo-cluster/c11983bd-4b32-46d5-a850-fa183a15c48f/812b19fb-167b-4ced-a647-c35e86a129cb" attestor=pod_sidecar method=node_api spiffe_id="spiffe://example.org/spire/agent/pod_sidecar/demo-cluster/c11983bd-4b32-46d5-a850-fa183a15c48f/812b19fb-167b-4ced-a647-c35e86a129cb" subsystem_name=node_apitime="2020-06-01T12:16:22Z" level=debug msg="Signed X509 SVID" expiration="2020-06-01T13:16:22Z" spiffe_id="spiffe://example.org/spire/agent/pod_sidecar/demo-cluster/c11983bd-4b32-46d5-a850-fa183a15c48f/812b19fb-167b-4ced-a647-c35e86a129cb" subsystem_name=catime="2020-06-01T12:16:22Z" level=debug msg="could not find node resolver" attestor=pod_sidecar subsystem_name=node_apitime="2020-06-01T12:16:22Z" level=info msg="Node attestation request completed" address="10.244.1.1:62505" attestor=pod_sidecar method=node_api spiffe_id="spiffe://example.org/spire/agent/pod_sidecar/demo-cluster/c11983bd-4b32-46d5-a850-fa183a15c48f/812b19fb-167b-4ced-a647-c35e86a129cb" subsystem_name=node_apit

SPIRE Agentのログ(Workload APIを起動後、SVIDの取得リクエストが来ている旨のログがでている)

hiyosi@debian ~/s/g/h/p/example> kubectl logs test-app-59fb58c78c-bdpzf -c spire-agent -f time="2020-06-01T12:16:00Z" level=warning msg="Current umask 0022 is too permissive; setting umask 0027." time="2020-06-01T12:16:00Z" level=info msg="Starting agent with data directory: \"/run/spire\"" time="2020-06-01T12:16:00Z" level=info msg="Plugin loaded." built-in_plugin=true plugin_name=unix plugin_services="[]" plugin_type=WorkloadAttestor subsystem_name=catalog time="2020-06-01T12:16:00Z" level=info msg="Plugin loaded." built-in_plugin=true plugin_name=k8s plugin_services="[]" plugin_type=WorkloadAttestor subsystem_name=catalog time="2020-06-01T12:16:00Z" level=warning msg="Plugin checksum not configured" subsystem_name=catalog time="2020-06-01T12:16:00Z" level=debug msg="starting plugin" args="[/opt/spire/plugin/agent/pod-sidecar-node-attestor]" path=/opt/spire/plugin/agent/pod-sidecar-node-attestor subsystem_name=external_plugin.pod_sidecar time="2020-06-01T12:16:00Z" level=debug msg="plugin started" path=/opt/spire/plugin/agent/pod-sidecar-node-attestor pid=26132 subsystem_name=external_plugin.pod_sidecar time="2020-06-01T12:16:00Z" level=debug msg="waiting for RPC address" path=/opt/spire/plugin/agent/pod-sidecar-node-attestor subsystem_name=external_plugin.pod_sidecar time="2020-06-01T12:16:00Z" level=debug msg="plugin address" address=/tmp/plugin588128268 network=unix subsystem_name=external_plugin.pod_sidecar.pod-sidecar-node-attestor timestamp="2020-06-01T12:16:00.531Z" time="2020-06-01T12:16:00Z" level=debug msg="using plugin" subsystem_name=external_plugin.pod_sidecar version=1 time="2020-06-01T12:16:00Z" level=info msg="Plugin loaded." built-in_plugin=false plugin_name=pod_sidecar plugin_services="[]" plugin_type=NodeAttestor subsystem_name=catalog time="2020-06-01T12:16:00Z" level=info msg="Plugin loaded." built-in_plugin=true plugin_name=memory plugin_services="[]" plugin_type=KeyManager subsystem_name=catalog time="2020-06-01T12:16:00Z" level=debug msg="No pre-existing agent SVID found. Will perform node attestation" path=/run/spire/agent_svid.der subsystem_name=attestor time="2020-06-01T12:16:40Z" level=debug msg="Entry created" entry=144d7283-e508-47f3-9607-144915977b27 selectors_added=1 spiffe_id="spiffe://example.org/my-cluster" subsystem_name=cache_manager time="2020-06-01T12:16:40Z" level=debug msg="Entry created" entry=cc9d9cb4-a763-4dbc-9d42-3dbd87a11475 selectors_added=1 spiffe_id="spiffe://example.org/test-app" subsystem_name=cache_manager time="2020-06-01T12:16:40Z" level=debug msg="Renewing stale entries" count=2 limit=500 subsystem_name=manager time="2020-06-01T12:16:40Z" level=info msg="Renewing X509-SVID" spiffe_id="spiffe://example.org/my-cluster" subsystem_name=manager time="2020-06-01T12:16:40Z" level=info msg="Renewing X509-SVID" spiffe_id="spiffe://example.org/test-app" subsystem_name=manager time="2020-06-01T12:16:40Z" level=debug msg="SVID updated" entry=cc9d9cb4-a763-4dbc-9d42-3dbd87a11475 spiffe_id="spiffe://example.org/test-app" subsystem_name=cache_manager time="2020-06-01T12:16:40Z" level=debug msg="SVID updated" entry=144d7283-e508-47f3-9607-144915977b27 spiffe_id="spiffe://example.org/my-cluster" subsystem_name=cache_manager time="2020-06-01T12:16:40Z" level=debug msg="Starting checker" name=agent subsystem_name=health time="2020-06-01T12:16:40Z" level=info msg="Starting workload API" subsystem_name=endpoints time="2020-06-01T12:17:18Z" level=debug msg="New active connection to workload API" subsystem_name=workload_api time="2020-06-01T12:17:18Z" level=debug msg="PID attested to have selectors" pid=26073 selectors="[type:\"unix\" value:\"uid:0\" type:\"unix\" value:\"user:root\" type:\"unix\" value:\"gid:0\" type:\"unix\" value:\"group:root\" type:\"k8s\" value:\"sa:test-app\" type:\"k8s\" value:\"ns:default\" type:\"k8s\" value:\"node-name:spire-sidecar-worker\" type:\"k8s\" value:\"pod-uid:fc3f690c-72be-4fbb-822a-a6b7d0317fb7\" type:\"k8s\" value:\"pod-name:test-app-59fb58c78c-bdpzf\" type:\"k8s\" value:\"container-name:test-app\" type:\"k8s\" value:\"container-image:docker.io/hiyosi/sidecar-test-app:latest\" type:\"k8s\" value:\"pod-label:app:test-app\" type:\"k8s\" value:\"pod-label:pod-template-hash:59fb58c78c\" type:\"k8s\" value:\"pod-owner:ReplicaSet:test-app-59fb58c78c\" type:\"k8s\" value:\"pod-owner-uid:ReplicaSet:cfe9fb5f-6d46-44df-ba56-68d3241b95cf\" ]" subsystem_name=workload_api time="2020-06-01T12:17:18Z" level=debug msg="Fetched X.509 SVID" count=1 registered=true spiffe_id="spiffe://example.org/test-app" subsystem_name=workload_api ttl=3561.613585816

テストアプリケーションのログ (Agentが起動するまではソケットが見つからないが、起動後には正常にSVIDを取得できている)

$ kubectl logs test-app-59fb58c78c-bdpzf -c test-app -f ... ... ... 2020/06/01 12:16:45 X509SVIDClient error: rpc error: code = Unavailable desc = connection error: desc = "transport: Error while dialing dial unix /run/spire/sockets/agent.sock: connect: no such file or directory" 2020/06/01 12:16:55 X509SVIDClient error: rpc error: code = Unavailable desc = connection error: desc = "transport: Error while dialing dial unix /run/spire/sockets/agent.sock: connect: no such file or directory" 2020/06/01 12:17:06 X509SVIDClient error: rpc error: code = Unavailable desc = connection error: desc = "transport: Error while dialing dial unix /run/spire/sockets/agent.sock: connect: no such file or directory" 2020/06/01 12:17:18 SVID updated for spiffeID: "spiffe://example.org/test-app"

まとめ

k8s_psatプラグインに少し手を加えたNode Attestorプラグインを用意(pod-sidecar-node-attetor)することでAgentをPodのSidecarとして動作させることができ、Pod間でソケットファイルの共有やhostPathマウントすることなくWorkloadはSVIDを取得することができました。

しかし、実際にSidecarとして動かしてみると、現在のSPIREの仕様ではNode AttestationだけでなくWorkload Attestationプロセスでも課題があることがわかりました。

k8s pluginを使う場合には、kubeletとの通信が必要になるため、Podのspecには hostNetwork: true が必要になります。またPod情報を取得するためにhostPID: trueが必要です。アプリケーションが必要としていないにも関わらず全てのPodで有効にしなければならないといったセキュリティの問題や、リソース消費の問題がある。

hostNetwork: true はk8sのDOWNWARD APIを使ってNode Nameを環境変数に設定し、Agentの設定でnode_name_envを指定すれば必要ない？

docker pluginを使う場合、pluginはDocker DaemonのUNIX Domain Socketファイルへ接続できる必要があるため、hostPath で対象のSocketファイルをマウントする必要がでてしまいまい、Pod間でUDSを共有する問題が出てくる。

unix workload attestorを使う場合には、Podのspecに hostPID: true が必要になります. こちらも全てのPodがPIDを共有する必要がでてきてしまうたためセキュリティの問題などがある。

Agent由来の可用性やセキュリティの課題は解決できましたが、すべてをきれいに運用するためには別途上記の課題を解消するような方法が必要そうです。

上記の問題を避けたWorkload Attestorのプラグインを作るとか、、？ k8s 1.18ではOIDC Discoveryの機能がFeature Gateで提供されているので、そのあたりを期待してID Token(JWT) Attestorとか、、、？

(個人的にはIstioのagentも統一されてsidecarとしてデプロイされるようになったし、SPIREでも同じようなアプローチができるようになるといいかなと思っている)

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Manage software: standalone version software or online version software.

Reader: the guard takes a reader to scan checkpoints

USB cable: connect PC and reader directly.

Charger: we have European standard charger, British standard charger and American standard charger.

Patrolman tag: the quantity of patrolman tag is according to guards's number

Checkpoint tag: the quantity of checkpoint is according to the places you will patrol.