#Kit Carson

[stone-cold-groove]

The Kit Carson Cowboy Annual - 1956.

[todaysdocument]

Treaty Between the United States and the Tabaquache [Tabeguache], Moache, Capote, Wiminuche, Yampa, Grand River, and Uinta Bands of Ute Indians Signed at Wash., DC, on March 2, 1868. [p. 1, sig. page]

This treaty established the first Ute reservation–and reduced their lands from 56 million acres to 18 million. 

Record Group 11: General Records of the United States Government

Series: Indian Treaties

File Unit: Ratified Indian Treaty 367: Ute (Tabaquache [Tabeguache], Moache, Capote, Wiminuche, Yampa, Grand River, and Uinta) - Washington, DC, March 2, 1868

Transcription: 

[added to margin] P.P.  Weaver, March 21 [added]

Articles of a treaty and agreement made and entered into at Washington City, D.C. on the Second day of March 1868, by and between Nathaniel G. Taylor, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Alexander C. Hunt, Governor of Colorado Territory and Ex  officio Superintendent of Indian Affairs, and Kit Carson, duly authorized to represent the United States, of the one part, and the representatives of the Tabaquache, Muache, Capote, Weeminuche, Yampa, Grand River, and Uintah bands of Ute Indians, (whose names are hereto subscribed) duly authorized and empowered to act for the body of the people of said bands, of the other part, Witness :

Art. I.  All the provisions of the treaty concluded with the Tabequache band of Utah Indians, October 7th 1863, as amended by the Senate of the United States and proclaimed December 14th 1864, which are not inconsistent with the provisions of this treaty as hereinafter provided are hereby re-affirmed and declared to be applicable and to continue in force as well to the other bands, respectively, parties to this treaty, as to the Tabequache band of Utah Indians.

[added] 4 [/added]

[page 2]

13.

duly authorized and empowered to act for the body of the people of said bands, have hereunto set their hands and seals, at the place and on the day monty and year first hereinbefore written.

  N.G. Taylor   Seal

 A.C. Hunt Governor  Seal

  Kit-Carson on Seal

Commissioners on the part of the United States

U-re   his X mark

Ka-ni-ache   his X mark

An-ka-tosh   his X mark

Jose-Maria   his X mark

Ni-ca-a-gat   his X mark  or Greenleaf

Guero his X mark

Pa-ant   his X mark

Pi-ah   his X mark

Su-vi-ap   his X mark

Pa-bu-sat his X mark

[dare-g]

David Holzman's Diary (1967)

[rabbitcruiser]

The first cowboy film “Kit Carson” premiered in the USA on September 21, 1903.

[pcttrailsidereader]

The Piñon Pine - The Indians Own Tree

When I section-hiked the PCT from Tehachapi to Walker Pass several Mays ago, as we neared the northern end of that trip we took a lunch break one day under a grove of piñon pines.  As we reached into our pack for our usual lunch of cheese, rye crackers, and salami, we began to notice that the forest floor was littered with pine nuts.  While some had become food for rodents, squirrels, and other foraging animals since dropping to the ground the prior autumn, most were so very edible. Soon we were each on our hands and knees collecting cones and harvesting their delectable contents ($29 a pound at our local co-op). I ate my fill and packed an empty bag with more nuts which I brought home with me when I left the trail.  This is David Foscue’s story of the pine nut.

David Foscue

An Evolutionary Feat

Piñons are coveted for their nutitious seeds.  One pound of seeds may contain 3,000 calories. The pine nuts were collected by Indians as stores for the winter. Listen again to Muir: “This is undoubtably the more important food-tree on the Sierra, and furnishes the Mono, Carson, and Walker River Indians with more and better nuts than all the other species together.  It is the Indian’s own tree, and many a white many they have killed for cutting it down.”

A diligent collector in the prime collecting time can gather up to seventy pounds of the seeds.  Humans, of course, are not the only beneficiaries of the piñon’s largess. Pine nuts are a favorite of many animals from the piñon jay to the pack rat — it is reported that over forty pounds of nuts may be found in a pack rat’s cache.  The wide popularity of piñon nuts is a matter of survival, for the seeds of the piñon lack wings and depend on animals for distribution.

The piñon of the Sierras is single-needled pine. It is a mutation of the piñon found further east on which the needles appear in bunches of two.   The two-needled piñon is subject to infestation by the piñon spindle gall midge which appears to have evolved with the tree.  The insect lays its eggs on the flat leaves, when they hatch the larvae crawl into the crotch between paired needles.  The irritation caused by the tiny larvae simulates the plant to grow tissue forming a gall over the larval wound.  The gall covers the wound but it also protects the enclosed larvae.                

The gall midge evolved to inhabit the single-needled piñon which lack the needle crotches to shelter the larvae.  According to Ronald Lanner, the single-needle piñon developed from the twin-needled variety but “one of the potential needle sites is suppressed by the … mutation.  Our gall midge neutralizes the mutation.  The feeding of the larvae suppresses the needle-suppression mechanism, allowing both of the potential needles to develop, though they reach only a fraction of their full length.  The needles are galled and the larvae grow up in the same type of needle-crotch home as those in … two needled pines.”  Needles at unaffected locations on the tree remain single.

Kit Carson, John C. Frémont and the Piñon Nut

The piñon played a supporting role in two dramas that have become part of the lore of the PCT.  One involved “The Pathfinder,” John C. Frémont, extraordinary adventurer and the first Republican presidential candidate.  The other tale involves the ill-fated Donner party.

Frémont, and his scout, Kit Carson, led the first recorded winter crossing of the Sierras.  What Frémont expected to take a week became an ordeal of five weeks.  As they faced the Sierras their supplies were running low.  Fortunately Indians supplied them with pine nuts!  On January 24, 1844, Frémont wrote:

A man was discovered running towards the camp as we were about to start this morning, who proved to be an Indian of rather advanced age–a sort of forlorn hope, who seemed to have been worked up into the resolution of visiting the strangers who were passing through the country. He seized the hand of the first man he met as he came up, out of breath, and held on, as if to assure himself of protection. He brought with him, in a little skin bag, a few pounds of the seeds of a pine-tree … .   We purchased them all from him.

The Donner Party - Rescued by Pine Nuts?

George Donner’s group was not as successful in its attempt to cross the Sierras two winters later.  In a snow storm, the party reached what is now known as Donner Lake in early November 1846.   Attempts to reach the pass failed and the party returned to the lake and settled in.  Although many of their animals froze providing unexpected food, their provisions were soon exhausted and the new settlers faced slow starvation.

On December 16 a group of fifteen left the lake in an attempt to cross the mountains for help.  Using the same term Frémont applied to the old Indian who first provided him piñon nuts, they called themselves the “Forlorn Hope Party.”  Death reduced the group to seven.  As we now know, the dead sustained the living.  

The forlorn and depleted party finally came to an Indian village on January 10.  The Indians provided acorn bread to the party but the group was so weakened their strength could not be restored.  The leader, William Eddy, became sick on the bread.  Donner’s Daughter, Eliza, writes how Eddy regained his strength:

… the chief with much difficulty procured for Mr. Eddy, a gill of pine nuts which the latter found so nutritious that the following morning, on resuming travel, he was able to walk without support.  

Eddy walked fifteen miles that day to a small settlement where he was able to organize a party to rescue the other six surviving members of  Forlorn Hope.  Eventually three rescue parties, including one led by Eddy, were organized to return to Donner Lake.  Forty-six members of the Donner party were rescued.  Forty-two did not make it.  The toll surely would have been greater but for the pine nuts given by the Indians to Eddy.  

Think about the Donner party the next time you sprinkle piñon pine nuts on your salad.

[onlylonelylatino]

"The Wild One!" by Matt Baker

[downthetubes]

Doctor Who TV Comics, Dan Dare and Charley's War art on offer in latest Compalcomics auction

The Compalcomics February auction is open for bidding, and there are plenty of items in the British comic section sure to attract fierce bidding - not least of the large runs of TV Comic, several "Charley's War" art lots, and some Dan Dare art, too

[badmovieihave]

Bad movie I have Psycho 1960

[padmaddean]

My TOP 10 couples of 2022 based on their chemistry.

It's almost the end of this year so it's time for a recap.

This year wasn't very good for me. I don't have strong feelings for any of the couples. I was barely able to pick 10 that I liked. Even my no. 1 this year is weaker than half of the couples from last year's top 10. I hope next year will be better.

Ava & Beatrice (Warrior Nun)

Kit & Jade (Willow)

Bess & Audrey (Snowpiercer)

Zoa & Bel (Bienvenidos a Edén/Welcome to Eden)

Carson & Greta (A League of Their Own)

Alba & Batty (Leopard Skin)

Juliette & Calliope (First Kill)

Frannie & Marguerite (The Confessions of Frannie Langton)

Alma & Sara (Las de la última fila/The Girls at the Back)

Taylor & Olive (Looking for Her)

Happy New Year!

[filmjunky-99]

r u n n i n g o n e m p t y, 1988 🎬 dir. sidney lumet

[shesaysrodriguez]

My favourite notes I've written on The Reckoning by Kelley Armstrong.

SPOILERS BELOW THE CUT

Part 2?

[hiimlesphotos]

Kit Carson Monument

[rabbitcruiser]

The first cowboy film “Kit Carson” premiered in the USA on September 21, 1903.  

[kino51]

The american dreamer  1971

[avrilsboy]

i have much to say about carson shaw and dottie hinson. so very much to say.