#LOC-BlogPosts

[libraryofcirclaria]

Lightfire: Overview on the Practice and History

Article Written: 23 May 1493

Definitions

Lightfire-crafting is defined, in basic terms, as the use of "soft scripts," with or without non-standard talismans, to achieve a simple or complex task.

Lightfire-crafting is more flexible than traditional spellfire-crafting, the latter of which uses "hard scripts." Lightfire is also cheaper than traditional spellfire, and more profitable in some instances. The primary drawbacks of lightfire center primarily around higher risks. With lightfire, more experimentation is required; and more inconsistencies emerge, both within a given lightfire platform and between platforms. This is all due to the practice of lightfire being based more on individualism.

Structure

Like their traditional spellfire counterparts, lightfire scripts follow one or more of the twenty-two Standard CSSC Alphabets. Licensure requirements are also the same for lightfire-crafting. However, the differences start with the type of scripts used. Unlike traditional spellfire-crafting, which uses "hard scripts," lightfire-crafting uses "soft scripts." "Soft scripts" are scripts imprinted on talisman surfaces by special spellfire fields. These contrast from "hard scripts," which are imprinted and stored as physical inscriptions on talisman surfaces. "Soft scripts" are changeable, but must be re-generated once spent. "Soft scripts" are also produced through unconventional methods, most popularly through the playing of musical instruments.

Whereas traditional spellfire-crafting uses standard talismans, which must be produced with specified materials and have standard dimensions with designated surface areas; lightfire-crafting uses non-standard talismans, which can be any object of any material and parameter so long as the object of choice is capable of holding "soft scripts."

Lightfire-crafting is carried out mostly by private businesses. And most employees are commissioned for high-paying projects, and therefore assigned to one of the following: Project Lead, Script Contributors, Talisman Contributors, and Casters.

Function

A typical lightfire project begins with the drafting of its agenda, followed by allocations of the scripts and talismans to be used, as well as resources needed for the scripts to act upon. Then comes the production of scripts and talismans, the obtainment of resources, and finally the casting and construction. Such lightfire-crafting projects have accomplished the building of furniture and appliances, the extraction of critical resources such as fresh water, significant achievements in agriculture and harvesting, and even the construction of structures and aircraft. To note, the lattermost has been seen as controversial.

Brief History

The practice of lightfire-crafting, despite being associated with modern society, is actually one of the oldest practices in the world. It existed long before the establishment of Congress of Circlaria; and evidence shows it was practiced as early as 7000 years ago.

Throughout the majority of the past and in most societies, lightfire-crafting was a common and informal practice. Despite such commonality, the use of lightfire was sporadic, experimental, and inconsistent. The Linbraean Kingdom, in the 900s, became the first entity to standardize the practice.

It was West Horizon Incorporated, however, who modernized and standardized lightfire-crafting on a global scale. This company was founded on 2 September 1264 and had headquarters located in Three Points, Ereautea, as well as financial headquarters located in North Kempton (present-day Maxima), Nintel. The company was formed from the merger of five lightfire trade businesses. To note, West Horizon received a mass-commission from House Maderon in 1281. And the fiscal year of West Horizon ran on the calendar year.

From 1264 to 1309, West Horizon was under the leadership of its CEO: the Head Founder, Jon Pegotta. During his tenure, West Horizon modernized and standardized lightfire-crafting by producing cars, ships, aircraft, and household appliances. West Horizon would expand to own venues as far to the East as the Galapolgis Isle of Vantacula, and as far to the West as the Ancondrian port of Ramport, the latter of which West Horizon helped to establish. West Horizon, during this time, began engaging in wartime business initiatives, as it contracted with the Retunian military during ongoing maritime confrontations with the Vandalians. West Horizon would also take part in the Acrean and Lykian Wars.

Between 1290 and 1308, economic decline prompted multiple rounds of layoffs; though West Horizon would hire more employees afterward.

Following the 1309 Revolution came requirements by the federal government to have all businesses allow their employees to elect business leaders as well as elected councils to vote on business policies. Initially, independent parties would preside over such businesses until they could organize for such leaders to be voted in. West Horizon was no exception to this but was rather quick in organizing such elections, which would propel to the CEO position Clara Needham, popular among West Horizon employees for her promises to cut wartime business initiatives. However, Needham would break such promises and, in 1314, initiated the business apparatus that helped to initiate, and then enabled West Horizon beneficiaries to profit off of, the Great Ancondrian War. It was during this time that West Horizon established a great number of "clone companies," or indirect subsidiaries, who did business with both sides of the ongoing conflict. This, and propaganda falsely claiming that West Horizon was promoting peace and environmental cleanliness, helped the company to keep its wartime business apparatus to a low profile until the late 1360s. With weak leadership on behalf of Needham and a great deal of company electoral infiltration from the Pegotta family, Marcella Pegotta won Leadership in 1321.

Thus passed the second era of the Pegottas, which started with Marcella Pegotta in 1322 and ended with Zachary Pegotta in 1370. During this era, the Pegotta family worked the West Horizon electoral structure in order to keep themselves in leadership positions. They would expand West Horizon's wartime business as well as its clone companies. Most notoriously, West Horizon did business with both sides of the Esurchian War. However, it would all came to an end when a multitude of whistleblowers exposed all the deeds of West Horizon, from its role in the Great Ancondrian War to its business with the Esurchians. As a result, bad publicity triggered the abandonment of and resentment from West Horizon's clientele. Thus, on 12 March 1370, West Horizon filed for bankruptcy and closed its doors for good.

West Horizon would be divided into thirteen companies, one for each Retunian Province, Territory, and Domain. All of these companies would be dedicated to the vocation of complimenting traditional spellfire-crafting and the manufacture of spellcrafter crosses. One of those firms, located in former Kronoston, would sell its assets to a foreign lightfire-crafting firm based in the Ancondrian city of Silba.

As of the year 1493, there exist hundreds of lightfire-crafter companies outside of the Retunian Commonwealth. Most of these engage in numerous civil and wartime business initiatives. Minlon, the Gyrosakian Kingdom, the Linbraean Regiondom, and the Ancondrian Confederation are among the nations leading the lightfire industry. The Retunian Commonwealth and Sayleronian Maritime State mutually established a rehabilitated lightfire industry in the late 1470s. However, this apparatus stands apart from the global market and serves only to print spellfire scripts for traditional talismans.

[sarahkhoojijean]

Blogpost 9: A disconnected, unrequited (cosmopolitan) intimacy between YouTubers and their audience. (Sarah Khoo)

In this week's reading, Lambert (2019) conceptualizes intimacy to be a "thing" that can be shaped and transformed, along with the time and its contextual developments. Intimacy is shaped by the ideologies that the individuals hold on to, and is often dictated by those in positions of power. Lambert argues that intimacy is not restricted to a physical presence or closeness, but rather a sharing of space, where "space" transcends into virtual, augmented, locative and even mental. The psychological conception of "being with" another individual also stimulates the intimacy in an interpersonal relationship. (During the lecture, Lambert had also conceptualized intimacy as a "being in" — being in a relationship, a family, sharing a certain boundary that allows for those within that boundary/"sphere" to be freely vulnerable. Again, this concept deals with the idea of space, while further suggesting that the Other is very clearly outside and cut off from those within the boundary.)

Through the term "cosmopolitan intimacy" Lambert suggests that the concept of intimacy is very much connected to the social, cultural, political and material elements. Intimacy encompasses all, and does not discriminate between differences. Aside from the three key enablers established (firstly, that for intimacy to be established, there has to be an uncomfortable beginning. The second enabler is the repeated, intentional interaction. Finally, cosmopolitan consciousness is required to compel such an activity.), Lambert expresses that the digital platform has greatly afforded individuals a multitude of abilities for relationships to foster, untethered by the barriers of differences. The online platforms foster a relatively safe space as the interactions that are facilitated on those platforms are sufficiently protected. (Users are well able to turn away from the interaction when the intensity of the intimacy gets overwhelming, and there are no dire threats or consequences — the online space puts a great distance between the two parties while still being able to foster a strong perceived intimacy.) Lambert further examines the cosmopolitan intimacy while regarding the media infrastructures, self-tracking community, and other aspects. However, I am interested to consider how the digital space has managed to bridge the wide, unseen gap between users and allow for such a tangible, lasting intimacy to be forged. To probe further, I wonder how this intimacy has been modified, shaped to become a product to be sold to those who desire that intimacy but cannot find it anywhere else, and address how this intimacy is often a disconnected, unrequited one, leading to a problematic relationship being formed.

In this blogpost, I look to the online media platform that is YouTube, and the phenomenon that is YouTubers. I would describe a "YouTuber" to be a social influencer who creates content in the form of videos for their audience. These videos mostly comprise of vlogs (video blogs) that showcase their daily lives, and video entries of errant thoughts that these individuals want to share with the public. I believe that for YouTubers, success is reaching that target number of subscribers, gaining traction in terms of views, watch time et cetera. Thus, they are highly motivated to keep an attentive fan base, and their viewers would only choose to stay if they are invested in the content, or care for these YouTubers. As a result, YouTubers foster an illusion of intimacy with their viewers, to create an agency for viewers to keep coming back to catch up with their favourite YouTubers. They speak into the camera, looking directly at their audience and addresses them as "you". They welcome viewers into their personal space, whether is it their own home, or around their school/workplace, bringing their fans along with them for quick grocery trips. Fan interactions are also usually encouraged ("Comment down below your favourite __ and I will try my best to reply you!") YouTubers often show their vulnerable sides, sharing with their viewers when they go through personal, painful experiences. They build strong "relationships" with their audience, in hopes of creating a fanbase that will faithfully stay to watch and support their content. This intimacy proves to be cosmopolitan as well, as it crosses over the differences between them — the YouTubers address all their fans the same way despite any differences in cultures, beliefs or differences of any kind.

And it works. This strategy has proven itself for years, since the early 2010s during the era of Zoella, PewDiePie and Lilly Singh, to present day with even greater variety of content (family vloggers, streamers, podcasters etc.). The "realness" that these YouTubers emulate facilitates a strong, "genuine" connection between Them and their audience, such that their audience would feel like they can empathise and connect with their idols in such a strong, intimate way. The sense of intimacy and interpersonal connection is very much real, as the viewers perceive it to be. In this phenomenon that is being a YouTuber, the manifestation and dynamic of intimacy has yet shifted again. It introduces a disconnected sense of intimacy. A commodified intimacy. A profitable intimacy. Selling one's attention in a packaged, 10 minute video for viewers to enjoy, collecting their attention and reaping the benefits from it.

As these feelings of intimacy escalate, it has frequently led to some fans overstepping their boundaries. Some fans have even extreme measures, going directly to the YouTuber's home to get a chance to meet their idol. It is evidently a great invasion of privacy, especially when the fans are strangers to these YouTubers. The disconnected relationship between YouTubers and their fans are made clear through these situations. Intimacy has translated itself so clearly and strongly from the YouTubers to their fans, while the YouTubers themselves feel little attachment to them. Thus, the medium that is YouTube evidently allows for such intimacy to be transmitted, overcoming the need for physical closeness or even any acknowledgement of one's existence, for one to still perceive themselves to have an intimate relationship with another. Therefore, I find that Lambert's analysis of the intimacy cosmopolitanism to be very much evident, and even problematic in this context.

Here are some examples of YouTubers addressing the issue of having fans show up at their house, and warning other fans not to do so.

Jenna Marbles: don't come to our house https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3HcoFZv6_AE

PewDiePie: Don't come to my house.. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ei-i1P6pxxk

James Charles: JAMES CHARLES FANS ARE SHOWING UP AT HIS HOUSE!! (This is not ok!) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WewtXrX3xCE

This is another video I was particularly inspired from while writing this blogpost up. It features Toast, a gaming streamer who made it clear to his fans that he is "not your friend", directly telling his audience not to idolise the people they watch and to just enjoy the content as casual viewers.

Disguised Toast: Toast is not your friend https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q4yxglfssQk

Lambert, A. (2019). Intimacy, cosmopolitanism, and digital media: A research manifesto. Qualitative Inquiry, 25(3), 300-311. doi:10.1177/1077800418806600

[shopnakscloset]

New post up: denim on denim on denim (link in bio) 📷: @foreverrikk . . . . #blogger #blogpost #denim #fashionandstyle #styleblog #style #stylist #instastylse #instablog #agjeans #zara #topshop #manoloblahnikchaos #blackswhoblog #ootd #denimxdenim #simplicity #guccisoho #locs #naturalhair #girlswithlocs

[lanomrah]

In my latest #youtube video and blogpost I show you the method I use to twist my #locs/#dreadlocks into protective Havana/Senegalese/Rope twists that allows them to last for up to 2 months at a time *if necessary*. If you are a caretaker, someone with a busy schedule, someone with a disability, someone with chronic or invisible illness, someone starting to see signs of thinning at the roots due to over manipulation, or someone who travels frequently this could be a useful technique. In the blog post I get into my WHY's, and the video gives you a close up demonstration of the HOW. Video Link in bio & Checkout the blog post at www.lanomrahdesigns.com. 💖

[amazonepedia]

"Curiozitatea e speranţa cunoaşterii, iar când speranţa dispare, curiozitatea lasă loc indiferenţei." - Zygmunt Bauman "Curiozitatea este chiar baza educaţiei şi dacă îmi spui că curiozitatea a omorât pisica, eu spun că doar pisica a murit într-un mod nobil." - Arnold Edinborough "Oamenii dobândesc cunoştinţe proporţional cu curiozitatea lor." - Stendhal 😉 #amazonepedia#amazon#afacereamea#afaceridesucces#vanzarionline#castigabanionline#afacereaamazon#dezvoltarepersonala#motivare#libertate#antreprenor#banipeamazon#afaceri#dezvoltare#antreprenoriat#lansare#liberfinanciar#afacere#cursonline#vanzari#bucurestioptimist#romania#bucharest#blogpost#bucuresti#inspiratie#viata#educatie#motivatie#bani

[truthblockchain]

Blockchain For Privacy & AML Compliance

Consequently, blockchain is naturally being tapped to improve compliance with privacy mandates. This is possible because distributed ledgers can be used to document and track complex regulatory processes.

The GDPR mandates that each data holder or processor “maintain a record of processing activities under its responsibility” that must be made available to regulators upon request. Similarly, HIPAA requires subject entities to “implement hardware, software, and/or procedural mechanisms that record and examine activity in information systems that contain or use electronic protected health information.” Data security standards for payment cards under PCI require firms that handle payments information to “track and monitor all access to network resources and cardholder data.”

Companies are tackling this challenge with blockchain in a variety of ways. Using the technology, IBM’s Logging for Compliance (LoC) research asset lets users take any log and transform it into a cryptographically immutable record. Logging of data custody and activities in a distributed ledger can also be provided within a blockchain-derived Data Security as a Service solution, easing the process of reporting and auditing. In another notable example, Anti-Money Laundering (AML) software developed by Fiserv can help organizations mitigate risk especially with cross-border financial transactions, or with partners and suppliers in jurisdictions with weak enforcement infrastructure.

https://www.finextra.com/blogposting/18383/from-banking-and-data-security-to-compliance-blockchain-grows-well-beyond-its-cryptocurrency-roots

[ttacks]

In this Pandas tutorial we will learn how to slice & index a dataframe using loc & iloc. There are several methods to select, slice and index rows and columns from Pandas Dataframes. In this tutorial we will learn to select data by row numbers (.iloc) by label (.loc). The iloc method for slicing Pandas dataframe is used for integer-location based indexing / selection by position whereas the loc method for slicing Pandas dataframe can select rows & column by label/index. Make sure you subscribe to the channel if you haven't: http://bit.ly/SUB2EM » Jupyter Notebook code example: http://bit.ly/pandasilocloc » Blogpost about working with Pandas Dataframe: http://bit.ly/TutorialPandas » Pandas Documentation: https://ift.tt/1i4vP6u Other great videos about working with Pandas dataframe: Head, Tail, and Query Tutorial: https://youtu.be/P1xD0GShz2o » How to install Pandas: https://youtu.be/8Sipkd9vNKk » Creating dataframes (empty, from dictionaries, and arrays): https://youtu.be/vei1U5ecYIM » How to read Excel files using Pandas read_excel: https://youtu.be/SYGJJHZjUxM » Pandas loc documentation: https://ift.tt/2vPepIc » Pandas iloc documentation: https://ift.tt/2u3yABh

[libraryofcirclaria]

The Merger of Locin into Pharonde

The Day of the Merger - 15 April 1481:

On 15 April 1481, Locin and the Tecaren Council entered a deep-trade Motion of Union and formed the Republic of Pharonde, which officially became the newest member of the multi-national South Circlarian Trade Federation. Ceremonies on the Motion took place at Plains Crossing in the nation of Furthing. And such an event was attended by representatives of Locin, the Tecaren Council, the Independent Commonwealth State of Retun, the Sayleronian Council, the Kingdom of the Great North, and the nation of Furthing. This would serve as a significant historical event, particularly for Locin and the Tecaren Council.

A Brief History of Locin:

In 1107, the Kingdom of the Great North invaded the Republic of Chemko, bringing an end to a civil conflict in the region but also bringing an end to the Republic itself. In the Northern part of the fallen Republic was established the nation of Mikant on 03 January 1108; and on 17 January 1108, Mikant, Combria, and the Great North formed a league of nations named the Remikran Union.

Between the 1120s and early 1200s, Mikant purchased the territories of the Southerly Remikran nations in order to settle political instability in the region. In 1192, Mikant was hit by a catastrophic outbreak of Marion's Disease, which killed thousands. In January of 1193, politics from the pandemic led to the overthrow of the old Mikanian government. Resulting politics from these events led to a standoff between Mikanian and Combrian forces, the latter of whom attacked and overtook the city of Mikant proper. Combria, as a consequence, was hit with sanctions from the Remikran Union, but was also given the territory surrounding Mikant. The city would be renamed New Jestopole while the surrounding territory would be renamed New Combria. Both would pass to Combrian jurisdiction.

Meanwhile, in the former state of Mikant arose a democratic government, which voted to have its territories and the city of Abetz, now the new capital, both renamed Locin.

The government structure of Locin was almost modeled, in terms of role structure, identically to the incumbent-appointed presidential council of Combria, with obvious exception being that every role in Locin was appointed by a direct popular vote. Unlike the Retunian Republic, which would form in the 1230s and 1240s, Locinian government roles had no set terms; and elections have since been completely and arbitrarily scheduled per popular petition.

The Locinian economy, between 1200 and 1300 focused primarily on lightfire and dymensional-planecrafting, but most importantly on trade with the Circlarian maritime guilds and councils. In fact, of the latter, Locin was the most frequently-trading Remikran Union member.

In the late 1290s, the people and government of Locin voted to establish a democratic education system, in deliberate defiance to Remikran Union educational structure policies. The Great Northern Regiondom of Linbrae decried this system as "fostering of terrorism and dangerous dissent," and ordered Locin to repeal the system. The Locinian government made a public declaration of refusal. Linbrae, in response, declared a national crisis on behalf of Locin for the Remikran Union and, on 12 May 1300, dispatched military personnel who invaded Locin.

The Remikran nation of Locin would, henceforth, remain under Linbraean occupation until the year 1412. During this time period, the nation of Locin, on paper, ran its own government independently as it did in the years up to this point. However, said government was run on Linbraean terms. Linbrae also regulated Locin's education system, its economy, and even certain aspects of the social life, such as freedom of movement, of the Locinian people.

Deep-Trade - The Official Motions:

The practice of deep-trade involves the use of special spellfire-powered tradestones, which hold potential value in terms of money or valuable materials, based upon the share of an entity's capital holdings that it represents. Such value determines the price of a given tradestone, which is sometimes terminated to produce said money or material value to the owner of the stone. Most frequently, however, tradestones are simply traded. Thus, tradestone trade is the Circlarian equivalent of trading stock. And the reason for such a trade practice is to provide a stimulus to a given economy as well as to strengthen a bond or alliance between the involved entities.

Per the international code prescribed by Congress of Circlaria, the process of the formation of a deep-trade arrangement occurs in the form of Five Motions: Motion I, Motion of Interest, in which at least some members (a set threshold) within a given legislative-equivalent body officially file a statement for the rest of said body to have a formal discussion; Motion II, Motion of Consideration, in which said discussion, and a final vote, occur; Motion III, Motion of Engagement, in which an official arrangement and official terms are signed by the participating entities and all future transactions documented accordingly; Motion IV, Motion of Consolidation, in which the participating entities vote to merge into a new single entity; and Motion V, Motion of Union, in which said merger actually occurs, and all future deep-trade transactions are considered domestic transactions.

One prominent example followed with the above was the entry, in the year 998, of all Five Motions between the Edoran Kingdom and the Linbraean Kingdom, thus forming the Kingdom of the Great North.

The Deep-Trade Agreement with Tecaren Maritime Council, and Induction into the South Circlarian Trade Federation:

Throughout the late 1390s and early 1400s, the Tecaren Maritime Council began enacting deep-trade economic policies designed to equally and fairly benefit both themselves and the nation of Locin. Locin, in response, began adopting similar measures. Locin officially filed its Motion I on 15 June 1403 and its Motion II on 05 February 1404. Locin and the Tecaren Council officially entered into Motion III on 23 February 1404.

On 12 May 1412, Locin voted officially to leave the Remikran Union. Thus, Linbrae, under legal obligation, withdrew its troops from the territory. Locin then officially joined the South Circlarian Trade Federation on 14 May. Afterward, the Locinian free press would release publications and documentaries on the true nature of the Linbraean Occupation.

The Later Motions, Merger:

Under Motion III with the Tecaren Council and also as part of the Federation, Locin was free to decide on its own trade deals. As a result, Locin experienced a better economy and improved standards of living. The only drawback at this point was the presence of minor tariffs and customs logistics between Locin and the Tecaren Council. Such inconveniences were to be resolved with entry into Motions IV and V.

Understanding this, Locin and the Tecaren Council entered into Motion IV on 15 June 1452. On 07 February 1481, both entities voted to, upon the upcoming entry into Motion V, name their newly-merged nation the Republic of Pharonde.

On 15 April 1481, Locin and the Tecaren Council officially entered into Motion V, following the process as mentioned at the beginning of this article. Before this merger, Locin and the Tecaren Council each had a Legislature consisting of a single chamber. Said chambers were preserved after the merger to serve as a new bicameral Legislature under the new nation of Pharonde. And both nations each had a President as chief of their said executive branch. Said roles here were preserved as well, but were each renamed Lieutenant-Governor. And the two Lieutenant-Governors, both voted directly by the people of their respective former-nations, would be presided over by a Governor-General of Pharonde, who was elected by the population of the entire Republic.

With the entry into Motion V meant that custom hurdles and tariffs no longer existed between Locin and the Tecaren Council. Furthermore, trade within the Federation, which gave respect to Motion-V entities, was made easier.

[nyeuhair-blog]

We can talk about their perfect facebeats and killer smiles later, but did you know that headwraps are great for protecting your hair from harsh weather conditions in winter? • Covering your hair will provide your hair with the moisture it needs. Go a step further and try the LOC method while you're going about your day rocking your stylish headwrap. • You could even rock the wrap while you're using the threading method to lengthen your hair. • Read more on great tips on how to protect your hair when wearing a doek on our blogpost: "The Doek Rules: Protecting Your Hair Under" Link in bio (at Sandton, Gauteng)

[adhityapnmblog-blog]

Menerbangkan harapan II : Hope, It is the only thing #stronger than fear. ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ Loc : Dieng, Wonosobo Inframe : Unknown ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ #hope #dieng #wonosobo #setapakjejak #dongengtravel #blog #blogpost

[shopnakscloset]

Live on le blog link in bio 📷: @foreverrikk . . . #blogger #blogpost #simplicity #fashionandstyle #styleblog #style #stylist #instastyle #instablog #bcbgeneration #zara #topshop #uoonyou #blackswhoblog #ootd #black #simple #guccisoho #locs #naturalhair #girlswithlocs #photography #chicstyle #instablog #instagood #instablogger #instafashion

[sandralow97]

Semester 1 - January 2017.

Hey readers! Welcome back to my blog. As your read this post, I’m already in my Semester 2 now, but before delay any longer and let all the old memories becoming a history, I want to share my personal experience in detail for you all. Which I did mention in my previous blogpost that I’ll write one regarding on my current Physiotherapy course. Let’s start. It was a decision made on last Christmas, 2016. Without being procrastinate, I just did it by enrolling myself into Physiotherapy course in INTI, Nilai. I remembered I was in a dilemma between doing psychology, or physiotherapy. As for law, it has been disqualified long ago. I’m glad that I did not choose that path because as soon as I realised the life of a law student, it wasn’t any of my passion. However, choosing physiotherapy wasn’t my super-confirm choice too. It was a result of “elimination” on all the tertiary courses that are available. So, I will encourage you not to be too worry or concern over what you want to study for your UNI level, I’ve only decide mine two weeks before class commence. I meant that you don’t need to stress and be confirmed of what you want to pursue, but just putting options and choices on the table is the first step. Sooner then, you’ll find favour and somehow everything just falls into place. I couldn’t find any best word to describe my semester 1, Physio in Nilai except being grateful. I’m really thankful for all that happened and I’m so blessed to be in such place, meeting the right company of friends, learn new things, strive for studies, grow under pressure and do life together. Firstly, I want to share about my group of friends. We have 16 in total. I’ve actually written in one of my old blogpost, the starting was “Let’s start talking on my degree course-mates that I met in INTI, I’m sure a lot of people have been wondering how it goes. For this first January Intake, there’s only 16 of us in Physiotherapy course. Surprisingly, it’s an odd to know that guys’ population are greater than girls who take this course for our batch. In addition to that, God’s favour is upon us. We are known to be the closest 1st Semester batch ever. It was last Tuesday, we had our very first class day trip down to Subang as an early celebration of CNY before we all head back our hometown. It was a great bonding day and eventually that outing pulled us closer to one another. I have a good feeling that we’ll be able to pull it through for the remaining 4 years of journey studying together. Be it for the great, worst or challenging moment, we’ll stay and fight to be one. I’m looking forward to greater things ahead and definitely create more memories along the way.” To continue the above story on my beloved fellow course-mates, our friendship became stronger and closer when we have planned multiple -outings, the “CNY outing”, “MitSui Outlet outing”,“Mid-valley” and “After-finals Sunway outing”. All these outing have make our bond stronger and built a memorable memories to look back one day. Moreover, we did Korean Spicy Noodle Challenge, went Karaoke, Pool playing with Bobby. Towards the end of semester, when we have some free time before finals, we somehow went Cyber café with the guys for counter strike game. For the girls of my course, we actually had two times of sleepover at Yong Jing’s house. Not forgetting one night in my room, where we had three of us squeezing in a single bed. As for our guys of my course, most of them are quite sporting and active, Wey Loc as our captain for previous sports meet has continued his role and started out a work-out plan, “Say-No-More” challenge to keep our body healthy and ensuring a productive time in Nilai. I’m really grateful to be placed in this batch of semester as the size of our class is just nice and easier to bond together. We even came out with our own short film within this semester, “Kisah Tenabi”. The purpose of this film is to serve our MPU assignment marks and for entertaining purposes, it wasn't the best product which we have planned out in the beginning because of time-limit and there's some complications throughout the process. Our script was changed twice by the lecturer because of certain reasons. A big thank you to our scriptwriter, Henri Junior who finally made this story-line a success and approved by lecturer before shooting can be further progressed. However, I want to highly appreciate and give credit to the VIP, the real hero who put double the efforts in making this drama a success - Jonathan Chew. Also not forgetting everyone who has taken part in this process of filming. It was indeed a long, time-consuming and tiring process. Yet, it's worth to see that this came to past and we made it through our little short skit. As for my club activities in INTI, I joined Taekwondo, Frisbee and Physio club (compulsory) initially. As time passed by, I have stopped going Frisbee training without any reason xD. I feel guilty. However, it’s fine for me as long as I’m still continuing my taekwondo training. I’m as proud and happy as I have successfully promoted to green belt within a year. My plan is to get black belt by 2019, before I finished my studies in INTI. In Physiotherapy, it is a 4 years duration course. Three years of theoretical studies, while the remaining one year, which is the last year is for clinical posting, as a student physiotherapist trainee. Under the first semester, there are two major subjects, which are anatomy and physiology respectively. These are the fundamental knowledge and understandings that must be acquired as a health care student. I was really encouraged along the way because I managed to achieve good result by God’s grace. I even achieved an A+ for my Anatomy subject. When I said this, I’m not trying to boast or brake about, but really really, I never would have imagine to be in such place but because of God’s favor upon me throughout the period of studying and exams. Not forgetting that I was actually in rock bottom of my life last April, May until finals approach. God is gracious and good Father, He indeed has not forsaken me when I cried out for help and His divine strength during that difficult period time of my life. As for another two minor subjects, which also counted in GPA are University English and Psychology respectively. At first, I was really unhappy of the English to be part of our course structure for this Semester. All my life, I thought language subject should have ended in my high school long ago. Yet, it proceeded to my college, and now until my Uni life. I was really frustrated and upset. However, we have no choice but to just do it. It wasn’t any easy time for me because English has always and forever a challenge for me personally. The difficult part was to write 4 essays in 2 hours’ time during finals. Apart from compulsory classes, we were privileged enough to be offered extra session, guided by our seniors to reinforce our learning and revision on our studies, known as P2P. It caters to only semester 1’s newbies. Through this time of learning, we actually gained a lot of tips and advice in how to study effectively and access material resourcefully. One of my long-waited miracle, has been answered by God after 5 months, which is the cancellation of MUET requirement for 2017 students. For my church life, I have been attending Acts church for the moment. One highlight was the Fairstival Conference, where there’re varieties of electives to learn and be eyes-opened. I thank God for Carolyn in looking after me and praying for me throughout that period time. Another woman of faith is Elisha, she is like an older sister to me and just happened to live in the same block as me. She brought me out to Palm Square for movie when I was in stress and down. She was more willing to hear from me of my struggles, life problems and direct me into God’s way and His truth. I love to hear from her as she always have great insight and her living and faith in God is forever inspiring. I feel her presence is like an angel appeared to my life in supporting me which sent by God in this season of my life which I’ve asked for. To sum everything up, it has been a great journey for the past 6 months studying in Nilai. It’s an interesting one and God has showed me his assurance and favor. I’m blessed by His favor throughout the entire semester, it will not stop there. I will hold onto God’s promises and continue to live a favorable, abundant life for the next semester and toward the time that comes.

[hashtagjaypodcast]

That Sun ☀️ Kiss 😘 Glow..... The train is running late do to rail congestion #nyctrainstruggles so I'm going to be late for work but I'm not going to stress it all.... Feeling very blessed and highly favored today is still going to be a good day !!!!! Passing these positive vibes to you guys 💋💋💋 Click Link in bio to know more about me 😊!!!! . . . . #positivevibes #positivity #hippiekinks #hippie #hippiechic #locqueen #loclove #naturalbeauty #locs #amazingnaturalhair #naturalhair #blogger #bloggerlife #blackgirlmagic #blackboldandnatural #blackboldandbeautiful #naturalhairdaily #blogpost #naturalchixs #naturalcurls #locgirlsworkout #locgrowth #goodvibes

[libraryofcirclaria]

OCEA: A Brief History

Establishment

The Occupational and Communication Engineers Association, or OCEA, was established in Kindol, Furthing on 4 February 1238, led by the original founders: Perry Lovelston from Furthing, Karl Venn from Vasilca, Marie Quinne from Lesterre, Frederick Duhn from Gamroa, and Joseph Green from Yecourt. Upon establishment, OCEA set out to construct a convenient messaging and publishing platform for individuals across the Circlarian Realm.

Structure

The typical network structure of an OCEA network consists of a hub, which holds data in a special dymensional plane and remotely communicates said data to a network of repeaters. Repeaters are essentially exact copies of the hub with the exception that data can only be created or deleted on a hub. However, any changes made to data in a repeater are reflected in the hub as well as all other repeaters. Data from hubs and repeaters is remotely communicated to various types of receivers including handheld and desktop consoles. Meanwhile, every network consists of one-on-one digital messaging channels between individual users, who register with account numbers and passwords, as well as Bulletins where said individuals can publish digital posts visible to those other individuals with which the former mutually consented to a friend connection.

The Beginning

Communication between individuals living in Lesterre and individuals living in Furthing had gotten more difficult in the years following the First Continental War due to the complications of a new international border. Alongside this was a growing movement against news-journal publishing platforms being overly selective over which individual articles, expressions of opinion, to publish. This latter issue triggered a democratic movement in South Canticula.

The establishment of OCEA, with the introduction of its aforementioned one-on-one digital messaging channels as well as a Bulletin, resolved these two issues, as Furthing, Vasilca, Lesterre, Gamroa, and Yecourt, each established a taxpayer-funded OCEA network which connected with the other four networks. Each hub would be led by a team of five Lead Administrators appointed by the government. As the years went on, other nations would join in similar fashion, while larger nations would establish multiple hubs, each in a given Province or similar type of district, or follow another type of hierarchy altogether. For example, upon joining in 1301, the Retunian Republic would establish a hub in every county, each headed by a team of five Lead Administrators, while its federal government appointed five Heads of Department to oversee all of the county networks and administer regulations as needed.

Each OCEA network would send a certain number of International Leads to OCEA Headquarters in Kindol to cast votes whenever any global decision needed to be reached. It is important to note that there were no standards on the number of said Leads that an OCEA network was either required to send or limited to send, nor were there guidelines on regular meeting schedules or number of Leads required to be present in order for a vote to occur. This would lead to issues in the years to come.

In any case, OCEA, in its early years, catered initially to those of the upper middle class, a demographic regarded as the most socially isolated. Thus, in its early years, OCEA networks did not gain widespread popularity but rather existed only within certain social niches.

The Expansion Era: 1238 to 1305

The standing OCEA hub networks were joined by the nations of Tymol and Tennur in 1240, Rewen and Paolina in 1245, the Chokian Province of Ghues in 1250, the Chokian Provinces of Teltio and Migram in 1255, and the Vasilcan District of Ornbo in 1260. The year 1265 saw the inclusion of the Chokian Provinces of Hoht, Semerrer, and Chok.

In the summer of 1267, the Lykian Republic invaded and placed under its occupation all of South Canticula as well as the Peninsula nations South of Furthing. In time, OCEA managed to hide its networks in those regions and so were never discovered by the Lykian forces. Thus, an underground operation ensued. Furthermore, OCEA networks, in 1275, in all of the Provinces of the now-occupied Chokian Republic as well as the remainder of the nation of Vasilca. In 1281, OCEA expanded to include all ten of the Midland River States as well as the nation of Remstruhs and the overseas nation of Tandeiyah. OCEA was then joined by Nogliespe, Notulfa, and the Acrean Republic in 1282. This was followed by the Lotemn District of Atkie, the Humerian Kingdom in 1283, and Munnicale in 1284. Rellihan, Sarsota, and Umcings joined in 1285.

The Lykian Republic invaded North Canticula in 1287, thus beginning the Second Continental War. However, it was thanks to the underground OCEA networks that resistance forces were able to communicate with one another and were therefore able to carry out counter-agendas that not only derailed the invasion, but also toppled the Lykian regime altogether. As the Lykians were facing inevitable defeat in 1294, OCEA was able to establish networks in all of the former Red Desert Federation Provinces as well as the Five Coastal States North of Prove. Meanwhile, in 1297, Locin became the first Remikran nation to join OCEA. This was followed by the Kingdom of the Great North and the re-established Republic of Prove in 1298. The Retunian Republic established its OCEA network in 1301. And finally in 1305, the Rinean Kingdom established its OCEA network.

The Neutrality Era: 1305 to 1359

By 1312, OCEA networks were established in all of Northeast Ancondria with exception to the Havenlands region.

Controversy arose in 1313 when the Retunian lightfire company West Horizon, having invested itself in the emerging Great Ancondrian War, began circulating advertisements and propaganda over OCEA Bulletins. This prompted backlash from OCEA Administrators who carried a class action lawsuit against the company. Said dispute was heard under Congress of Circlaria Arbitration in 1314, during which the Arbitration ruled that no company was to impose such advertisements on any Bulletin without the consent of all users. Thus, neutrality across all OCEA networks was preserved for the time.

The period between 1320 and 1359 was generally regarded as a golden one for the OCEA networks, not only because of the neutrality protections but also because of the growing number of people able to use it for their benefit. International communication became commonplace among those considered common people as online social networks emerged and expressions became easier to published. More and more people, including business figures, celebrities, and politicians, joined with individual OCEA accounts during this time. And OCEA played an important role in helping the Realist Party in the Retunian Commonwealth to win elections in the 1320s and 1330s, as the said party promised to rectify some of the causes of political instability happening there at the time.

Cabotton University established an OCEA remote learning platform in 1346, a curriculum that would inspire a call for the University to expand its Waltmann School programs.

The Transition Era: 1359 to 1371

Between 1359 and 1362, the existence of the Independent Commonwealth State of Retun was placed in jeopardy as the Ancondrian-based Esurchian State set out to infiltrate every aspect of the Commonwealth government and economy. However, "cloaked accounts" on the OCEA platforms help to facilitate an underground movement that succeeded in driving out the Esurchians. Later on, during the Esurchian War in 1366, the Esurchian State attempted to infiltrate Retunian OCEA networks with its own network, but such an agenda proved unsuccessful. The Commonwealth government, in response, intervened and blocked Esurchian infiltration efforts.

In spite of international unrest, OCEA established its first hub network on Planet Nephina in 1369.

The Post-Neutrality Era: 1372 to 1465 

By 1371, the Great Ancondrian War had been raging in the Ancondrian River Basin for over fifty years. That year, a democratic insurgent group arose and overthrew the authoritarian government of the Ancondrian State of Qorynth, establishing an OCEA network in the process. The Qorynth state government, in response, attempted to shut down some of the repeaters of this new network, but failed to outpace the efforts of the resistance.

After the successful overthrow, the resistance was determined to make an example of the old Qorynth government. In the months that followed, they banded together with the former Esurchian State, the newly-established United Confederation of Ancondria, the Independent Democratic State of Ramport, the Kingdom of Gyrosak, and the Republic of Lesterre, and carried a class action lawsuit to Congress of Circlaria on the subject of too much government interference. This suit was opposed by the Retunian Commonwealth, Edoran Regiondom, and Furthing, while other nations remained neutral. Congress of Circlaria sent an Arbitrator Board accordingly to overhear an OCEA Headquarters Conference in Kindol in October 1373. The Commonwealth sent over 400 International Leads to create diplomatic pressure for the Arbitrators to rule in their favor, while the other side determined to outnumber them. That month, the Arbitrators delivered a stunning verdict stating that not only did certain groups have a right to establish their own OCEA networks, but that no government had any right to establish or administer the same, though they had a right to establish organizational accounts. This instituted a fundamental change to OCEA as up to this point, since 1238, all OCEA networks had been built and administered by their respective governments and funded by taxpayer credits. Congress of Circlaria specified that this practice would be abolished and ruled that all OCEA networks were, going forward, to exist as organizations independent of any form of government. They specifically mandated a transition policy for the Retunian Commonwealth to facilitate its OCEA networks to have organizational elections, per the Retunian Constitution, in the year 1375. Furthermore, while mandating that every OCEA network was to facilitate connections with the other networks, Congress of Circlaria ruled that every network was allowed to otherwise set its own rules and standards.

Some hub networks, including some in the Retunian Commonwealth, were rather lax on their rules regarding blocking and infiltration, providing an opportunity for capitalist corporate advertising, which began to run rampant in the late 1370s. In the 1380s, right-wing political groups throughout the Circlarian Realm began spreading misinformation. In response, incumbent Retunian Prime Minister Meghan Wen, in order to protect Commonwealth citizens, authorized in 1385 for the federally-funded National Institute of Research and Development to establish an OCEA account dedicated to providing fact-checker information against anything deemed misleading.

Congress of Circlaria held its 48-year elections in 1391, a year that yielded a majority favoring interests of the Circlarian far-right. Such an influence even impacted the Retunian Commonwealth, as James Lawrence Kontacet, having become Prime Minister in 1399, defunded the National Institute fact-checker OCEA platform. The next Prime Minister, Vet Silonk, would re-instate funding for that platform in 1410, in line with the passage of the Ninth Amendment. The next Prime Minister, Stanley Arland Moore, boosted funding for this fact-checker account, but such a system, a couple decades later, would have to contend with a new threat of infiltration: The Syndicate.

Reports emerged, beginning in the year 1390, of a mysterious source, present among the OCEA networks, spreading misleading information among the Circlarian masses; in fact, this was what led to the far-right results of the 1391 Congress of Circlaria elections. Similar misinformation, some of which deemed harmful in nature, began circulating across OCEA networks during the Great Pandemic of the 1330s. And in the 1440s, reports emerged in the Retunian Commonwealth of misinformation being spread about economic and trade opportunities. In that same decade, the OCEA platform on Planet Nephina for Library of Circlaria was derailed by an apparent data infusion attack.

In 1463, an independent investigator named Voi Phlan discovered the source behind the misinformation and data attacks to be an organization known as The Syndicate, founded in the year 1384 and located on Planet Nephina. Membership in The Syndicate consisted of a collection of anonymous Administrators, possibly representing Circlarian corporations and far-right organizations. It is important to note, however, that the truth in the latter information remains inconclusive to this day. Regardless, what is known is that all members of The Syndicate believe that Circlarian governments "serving as welfare states" are inherently corrupt, and that the "natural order of humanity" is survivable only for the smartest and fittest of the human race." The Syndicate since its establishment has sought to implement such beliefs by infiltrating political processes and economic markets back in Circlaria.

The last known contact from Voi Phlan was in the year 1464. However, in 1465, incumbent Commonwealth Prime Minister Cara Mackwell took Voi Phlan's reports into account and led a petition consisting of twenty-six representatives. Such a body of representatives included those from various Circlarian governments as well as those from OCEA Administrations. And the agenda of said petition was to have Congress of Circlaria take action against The Syndicate. However, in a shocking verdict, the Arbitration of Congress of Circlaria that year sided with The Syndicate, itself, stating that they served as a moral check against "overreaching government power" and banning any political entity from taking action against them. Circlarian nations responded to this by funding more fact-checker accounts with the hope of keeping enough of the Circlarian masses informed regarding the truth.

The Infiltration Era: 1465 to Present

The Syndicate continues to this day to pose a concern. Presently, they seem to favor a tactic where they will target a certain faction within a national or political entity and stoke fear or anger within said faction toward an opposing faction. Such a tactic involves primarily liberals versus conservatives in a particular nation. The Syndicate will do so by posing as a different organization for each side and asking its body of users for monetary donations to stop the apparent agenda of the other side. The Syndicate has been gaining billions of credits each year from this tactic, a notion repeatedly made public. However, many Circlarians, despite being aware of the scam, feel strongly compelled to take part in order to gain a sense of being in control of the given situation. Experts have been citing this trend as they publicly speculate The Syndicate's possible involvement of oathcrafting.

Of further concern is the Congress of Circlaria who, as a result of the 48-year election of 1487, is set to be dominated yet again by the political right. Numerous members of the new Congress have voiced a consideration to impose an international ban on established OCEA networks from setting rules of their own to block infiltration by The Syndicate. This of course has been cause for concern among experts and government leaders alike. However, there have also existed hub-and-repeater networks independent of OCEA, known as "independent networks."

"Independent networks" are just that: independently-owned. They have been around since the early 1400s, and have served to help certain groups bypass the issues involved in the established OCEA networks. Far-right groups used them as "virtual private networks" when overthrowing the democratic government of the United Confederation of Ancondria in 1475; however, opposition forces have since used them to their advantage as well.

Regardless, speculation stands that these networks may render OCEA obsolete in the coming years and decades.

[libraryofcirclaria]

Traditional Combrian Settlers

Library of Circlaria

Blog Posts

Article Written: 10 September 1452

The area encompassing present-day Layda had previously been sparsely populated by a variety of people including Great Northerners, Kitalans, and indigenous groups. However, it was the Combrians, arriving in the 1190s and early 1200s, who began to transform the landscape.

Initial Settlement

Map of Remikra, 1206

Termed "land-carvers" by the local population, the Combrians, indeed, used their innovative hubstone-powered machines to change the landscape drastically in ways never seen before. There were three types of Combrian settlers: the ranchers, the rangers, and the farmers.

The ranchers raised livestock, primarily horses and cattle. They lived in a variety of places and were better able than farmers to settle in the semiarid regions, provided that underground water was available. Ranchers in these dry places used hubstone powered seismic-shockers to determine if there was underground water, and used hubstone drills to extract the water. There were also ranchers in the grasslands and in the mountains; and ranchers in the Magnumarian Shield were known for raising eagles.

All of these domesticated animals were used by others for a variety of purposes, so there was a lot of trade between fellow ranchers as well as farmers and rangers.

The rangers, on the other hand, did not have settled pieces of land to call home. They roamed the region in either all-terrain vehicles or airships that also served as their homes. Rangers gathered food from various practical sources, and made their revenue collecting and trading various items of value. Rangers also served as de facto members of societal welfare by warning travelers of dangers on the road such as bandits and wild animals.

The farmers, like the ranchers, raised livestock as needed, but were primarily focused on growing crops. Along the West Coast, farmers owned and operated vineyards using complex irrigation systems developed by hubstone technology. Vineyards were also grown on the other side of the Magnumarian Shield but not so frequently. Meanwhile, in the mountains were grown a variety of crops such as wheat and barley, which could sustain temperate climate patterns. Farmers played an important role out West, for they provided sources of food to both ranchers and rangers. Although these farms mostly functioned for self-sustainment, many of them sold products to rangers, ranchers, fellow farmers, and other Combrian civilians who began to populate the region.

Early Modernization

Map of Remikra, 1264-1308

Such was the society that existed by the mid-1230s, as Combria laid out the county borders. The towns and estates in these administrative divisions, however, were very small with the exception of the city of Asil, which became a breeding ground for revolutionary sentiment. In 1235, the inhabitants of Asil and the region declared autonomy from the nation of Combria; and the plethora of ranchers, rangers, and farmers, wanting freedom to thrive and trade amongst themselves, were quick to join the resistance against Combria. And thus the Republic of Savel, with the city of Asil being renamed the name of the new Republic, was established. The nation of Savel did not last long due to financial issues, and was quick to join with the Federal Estates of Retun as the Province of Layda before the end of the 1240s.

The city of Savel and the Province of Layda experienced another transformation. The capital city of Savel exploded in size and transit infrastructure sprung up between the counties, towns, and estates, which were growing as a result of Retunian economic and social policies. Similar to the East Coast of Middle Remikra, an air travel network sprung up in Layda between the counties, a road network between the towns of each county, and tram networks between the estates. Meanwhile, Savel, like every other Provincial capital, became home to a hub for the inter-Provincial cable train network and to a large airfield for airships used for international travel.

Some of the ranchers, rangers, and farmers took to this infrastructure, using it to boost trade, but most remained largely off the grid. These off-grid traditional settlers and their descendants continued using their self-made aerovehicles and ground vehicles as means of transit and living. And so there were, effectively, three societies: the emerging Retunian society, the traditional settler society, and the indigenous societies.

The Commonwealth

Map of Remikra, 1345-Present

Following the 1309 Revolution and the beginning of the Commonwealth, the ranchers, rangers, and farmers resented the increase in government involvement in the economy; and some of them even went so far as to arm themselves in defense of their trades. Despite taking such a libertarian stance, however, the traditional settlers wanted nothing to do with the Knights of the Common Good, who the settlers saw as "hell-bent on the destruction of humankind." Although taking such a neutral stance, the traditional settlers heavily armed and defended themselves and their assets against the warring entities during the period of political instability in the 1320s. And the settlers did not abandon such ways until after the Esurchian Occupation.

It was during the Esurchian Occupation of the 1360s that settler libertarian culture peaked. The settlers strengthened their ties with one another and established secret lines of communication and transportation in order to resist the Esurchians. This played a factor in the Commonwealth's ability to overcome the Esurchian influence.

Afterward, traditional settler culture underwent a major transformation. Gyroplane technology modernized and became mainstream in the 1370s; and it was the rangers who first adapted. Seeing financial and logistical conveniences, many rangers abandoned their old-style airships and ground vehicles for POD vehicles and other gyrocraft. Farmers, meanwhile, took advantage of plant-preservation technologies having emerged as a result of wildlife preserve investments stemming from the policies of Prime Minister Megan Wen, and began growing crops off of high-rise buildings or underground facilities. This became mainstream among farmers as room-climate technology advanced.

The ranchers were the most resistant to Prime Minister Wen's policies, which called for an increase in animal treatment standards. They, however, took advantage of granular animation and operated ranches in dymensional planes created by Library of Circlaria. Although this practice is deemed controversial, ranchers continue to trade among themselves and others in these dymensional planes for revenue.

[libraryofcirclaria]

The 1301 Crisis

Library of Circlaria

Blog Posts

Map of Remikra, 1264-1308

Article Written: 3 October 1452

1301-02

The economy, up to this point, was prosperous in the Early Retunian Republic, having fully recovered from the 1290 downturn. This recovery was the result of Prime Minister John Waltmann's economic reform measures, renewed prospects of deep-trade reform, and the expansion of the lightfire industry in Ancondria.

However, this economy was more vulnerable than ever, for about 90 percent of it was financed by loans from the Big Five Banks in Hasphitat. Numerous businesses and even privately-owned estates were either paying operation costs with these loans, or were profitable enough to do so without the loans and were now paying those loans back. Many individuals had also taken loans out, primarily for paying rent, which had become unaffordable for many entry-level workers without some form of financial assistance.

Upon receiving critical testimony from foreign powers regarding the outlook of lightfire investments in Ancondria, the Big Five Banks decided to invoke a clause from the 1276 Resolution and liquidate all loans previously made to businesses invested in the field. This happened in June 1301 and led to the shuttering of many businesses as a result of defaults. This also led to a dramatic fall in the stock and tradestone markets, leading other businesses to either shutter or pare down on operation and labor costs. The resulting mass-layoffs left people unable to pay back loans or rent, causing them to lose homes and property. The resulting explosion in poverty led businesses to lose large numbers of clients, and were also forced to shutter, laying off even more employees and worsening the cycle.

This economic collapse also had an impact on privately-owned estates, many of which were startups and were paying back bank loans. When loan liquidation failed to yield as much payback as needed, the banks faced financial pressure to liquidate estate loans. When the estates defaulted, the banks liquidated their properties, evicting landlords and tenants. This meant that many tenants were evicted even if they paid their rent faithfully.

Such loan liquidation and stock collapses occurred in the midst of the Big Five Banks contracting, which forced the branch banks to fend for themselves when it came to providing cash for those requesting to withdraw their savings. But mass panic ensued, and many people flooded the banks to attempt to withdraw their savings, which led the branch banks to run out of funds and eventually shutter.

In the beginning of 1302, in the midst of this chaos, Prime Minister Waltmann enacted a measure provided by the Remikran Union to build emergency housing to house those who were suddenly left homeless. This addressed the homeless crisis but the living units were basic, lacked comfort, and were often dangerous. In fact, there are many accounts of walls and ceilings collapsing as well as structural fires.

Mervin Teller, a Provincial Domain Governor General having served under former Prime Minister Jackson, announced his run for the Prime Minister election of 1302, blaming Prime Minister Waltmann for "mismanagement" in the midst of the economic crisis. Teller presented an agenda to re-invest in international trade to create jobs, a seemingly appealing plan. However, it was later in his campaign when Teller stated that he would end the emergency housing program in order to re-balance the government budget, prompting backlash from the population and causing him to lose the election to Waltmann.

1303-06

Through negotiations, Waltmann convinced bank leaders in the summer of 1303 to make cautious investments in the market surrounding Ancondria, and enacted stimulus measures to re-establish businesses. This had relative success, and it appeared the economy was en route to recovery.

In February 1304, however, the Linbraean Royal Trust made negative testimony against Ancondrian investors from Middle Remikra and withdrew an essential credit line, which sent the Middle Remikran markets crashing again. In the summer of 1304, Waltmann, again through negotiations, convinced the Five Big Banks to make cautious re-investments in Ancondria, as the embassy and Retunian territories in Ancondria were formally established along with an emerging market in the Ancondrian city of Silba. The economy re-stabilized as a result, but then crashed again in the beginning of 1305 amid fears stemming from international intervention involving the Great Northern Duchy of Ecnedivelc. However, trade in Ancondria continued to grow, and the economy re-stabilized beginning in 1306. With the promise of growth in the future, businesses in the mainland of Middle Remikra re-emerged while unemployment was at its lowest rate since the 1301 Crisis began.

1307-09

And then came the crash of 1307. Precipitated by a fallout in the Ancondrian trade market, it was the largest market crash since the beginning of the 1301 Crisis and erased the progress made in 1306. Again, people were unemployed as more of them were forced into emergency housing. Protests broke out in the cities while Prime Minister Waltmann encountered stiff resistance from the banks during negotiations.

Walter Scott Mason, President of the Rotary Legion of North Kempton, announced his run for Prime Minister in 1306 for the 1308 election, running as a candidate for the Diplomatic Party. Initially, his wild rhetoric in evangelism and ultra-nationalism made him the least popular Diplomatic Party candidate, as he seemed to stand no chance against the leading Diplomatic Party candidate: Woodward Madden, the incumbent governor of Gymia. However, when the 1307 crash happened, Mason began preaching to numerous crowds that Waltmann was enacting policies to favor the Holz Finzi Darkfire Community and award them economic privileges over everyone else. This claim turned out to be false; nonetheless, a large majority of the conservative Retunian population, desperate for answers, immediately turned their support toward Mason. And thus, Mason won the Diplomatic Party primary election in September of 1307. And loyal Rotary Chapters across the Republic united to form the "Knights of the Common Good," or the KCG, under Mason's leadership.

Meanwhile, another significant portion of the population turned their support toward Holz Finzi, who had, up to this point, been regarded with fear for his power in darkfire practice. However, emerging studies at the time had shown darkfire to have practical benefits needed for the present economic situation. Furthermore, accounts came to light detailing those either deeply involved in darkfire or having innate darkfire conjuration tendencies being subject to measures of harsh oppression during the Early Republic. This bolstered support for darkfire legalization, which almost came to fruition in 1308.

Despite sharing a common interest for a better economic future, Finzi supporters and Mason supporters were fiercely opposed to each other to the point of violence. When he lost to Waltmann in the controversial 1308 election, Mason continued his campaign, refusing to concede and continuing to rally his supporters. He was about to host a meeting in the Chemkan city of Tandowyn that November when he was assassinated. KCG leaders blamed the assassination on Finzi and his supporters, and launched a nationwide act of vengeful violence against the Finzi Darkfire Community, bringing the Early Republic very close to a civil war.

And thus, in the beginning of 1309, it was Prime Minister Waltmann serving as the only force preventing the two dueling nationwide political factions from engaging in an all-out conflict. In September 1309, Waltmann gestured for the Banks to engage in a possible deep-trade opportunity in Ancondria. However, that opportunity proved false and sent the Retunian markets crashing again; and this time, for the first time in history, the Retunian government declared bankruptcy. This prompted nationwide protests while Waltmann got involved in a scuffle with his appointed Governor General, William Irving, who pulled out a pistol and shot Waltmann dead. The Retunian government moved to instill Marshall Noland as the Interim Prime Minister, but at a critical moment, the officiation was interrupted by a missile shot by the KCG, forcing the government of the Early Republic to cease functions.

And so began the 1309 Revolution, over which Finzi and his supporters would ultimately prevail on 7 September 1309. The KCG and their allies fled to Gymia, which had declared autonomy from what would become the Independent Commonwealth State of Retun. The former Gymian territory became the Reformed Federal Estates of Retun and would declare a war on the Commonwealth in 1311, but would lose to the Commonwealth the following year. Meanwhile, Finzi and the Commonwealth government enacted sweeping policies that eradicated the financial economic woes of the 1301 Crisis.