#MICROSOFT DYNAMIC interview questions for experienced

[forlondonjobs]

Find the Latest Jobs In all Fields all over UK

Latest Jobs in London: Explore Career Opportunities in the UK’s Capital

London, a global hub for business, finance, and technology, offers an abundance of job opportunities across various industries. Whether you’re a fresh graduate, an experienced professional, or someone looking to switch careers, there are countless job openings available. In this guide, we’ll explore the latest jobs in London and how you can land the perfect role.

Top Industries Hiring in London

London’s job market is diverse, catering to professionals across multiple sectors. Some of the most in-demand industries include:

1. Finance and Banking

London is home to major financial institutions like Barclays, HSBC, and Lloyds Bank. Roles in investment banking, financial analysis, and risk management are highly sought after. Find finance jobs in London at 4LondonJobs.

2. Technology and IT

Tech startups and established companies are constantly looking for software developers, cybersecurity experts, and data analysts. Companies like Google, Amazon, and Microsoft have a strong presence in the city.

3. Healthcare and Nursing

The NHS and private healthcare institutions regularly post job openings for nurses, doctors, and healthcare assistants.

4. Hospitality and Tourism

With millions of tourists visiting London every year, the demand for hotel staff, chefs, and customer service professionals remains high. Explore hospitality job opportunities at 4LondonJobs.

5. Education and Teaching

Schools and universities frequently seek qualified teachers and lecturers, especially in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) subjects.

6. Retail and E-commerce

Big retail chains like Harrods, Selfridges, and online platforms like ASOS offer job opportunities in sales, marketing, and logistics.

How to Find the Latest Jobs in London

1. Job Portals

Websites like Indeed, Reed, and TotalJobs list thousands of job openings in London daily. Setting up alerts can help you stay ahead of new opportunities. You can also check out 4LondonJobs for the latest listings.

2. Company Websites

Visit the careers section of top companies in your industry to apply directly.

3. Networking and LinkedIn

Building professional connections on LinkedIn and attending networking events can increase your chances of finding the right job.

4. Recruitment Agencies

Specialized recruitment firms help job seekers find roles that match their skills and experience.

Tips for Landing a Job in London

Tailor Your Resume: Highlight relevant experience and skills.

Prepare for Interviews: Research the company and practice common interview questions.

Enhance Your Skills: Consider certifications or online courses to boost your employability.

Stay Updated: Follow job boards and company updates to apply as soon as new roles are posted.

Final Thoughts

Finding the latest jobs in London requires effort, strategy, and persistence. By leveraging online job portals, networking, and continuous skill development, you can increase your chances of securing your dream job in one of the world’s most dynamic cities. Start your job search today and take the next step in your career!

[dynamicscommunity101]

AX 2012 Interview Questions and Answers for Beginners and Experts

Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 is a powerful ERP answer that facilitates organizations streamline their operations. Whether you're a newbie or an professional, making ready for an interview associated with AX 2012 requires a radical knowledge of its core standards, functionalities, and technical factors. Below is a list of commonly requested AX 2012 interview questions together with their solutions.

Basic AX 2012 Interview Questions

What is Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012?Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 is an company aid planning (ERP) solution advanced with the aid of Microsoft. It is designed for large and mid-sized groups to manage finance, supply chain, manufacturing, and client relationship control.

What are the important thing features of AX 2012?

Role-primarily based user experience

Strong financial control skills

Advanced warehouse and deliver chain management

Workflow automation

Enhanced reporting with SSRS (SQL Server Reporting Services)

What is the distinction between AX 2009 and AX 2012?

AX 2012 introduced a new data version with the introduction of surrogate keys.

The MorphX IDE changed into replaced with the Visual Studio development environment.

Improved workflow and role-based totally get right of entry to manipulate.

What is the AOT (Application Object Tree) in AX 2012?The AOT is a hierarchical shape used to keep and manipulate objects like tables, bureaucracy, reports, lessons, and queries in AX 2012.

Explain the usage of the Data Dictionary in AX 2012.The Data Dictionary contains definitions of tables, information types, family members, and indexes utilized in AX 2012. It guarantees facts integrity and consistency across the device.

Technical AX 2012 Interview Questions

What are the distinctive sorts of tables in AX 2012?

Regular tables

Temporary tables

In Memory tables

System tables

What is the distinction between In Memory and TempDB tables?

In Memory tables shop information within the purchaser memory and aren't continual.

Temp DB tables save brief statistics in SQL Server and are session-unique.

What is X++ and the way is it utilized in AX 2012?X++ is an item-oriented programming language used in AX 2012 for growing business good judgment, creating custom modules, and automating processes.

What is the cause of the CIL (Common Intermediate Language) in AX 2012?CIL is used to convert X++ code into .NET IL, enhancing overall performance by using enabling execution at the .NET runtime degree.

How do you debug X++ code in AX 2012?Debugging may be accomplished the use of the X++ Debugger or with the aid of enabling the Just-In-Time Debugging function in Visual Studio.

Advanced AX 2012 Interview Questions

What is a Query Object in AX 2012?A Query Object is used to retrieve statistics from tables using joins, tiers, and sorting.

What are Services in AX 2012, and what sorts are to be had?

Document Services (for replacing statistics)

Custom Services (for exposing X++ logic as a carrier)

System Services (metadata, question, and user consultation offerings)

Explain the concept of Workflows in AX 2012.Workflows allow the automation of commercial enterprise techniques, together with approvals, via defining steps and assigning responsibilities to users.

What is the purpose of the SysOperation Framework in AX 2012?It is a substitute for RunBaseBatch framework, used for walking techniques asynchronously with higher scalability.

How do you optimize overall performance in AX 2012?

Using indexes effectively

Optimizing queries

Implementing caching strategies

Using batch processing for massive facts operations

Conclusion

By understanding those AX 2012 interview questions, applicants can successfully put together for interviews. Whether you're a novice or an experienced expert, gaining knowledge of those topics will boost your self assurance and help you secure a role in Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 tasks.

[jcmarchi]

Anthony Tobelaim, Co-founder & CPO at Siit – Interview Series

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/anthony-tobelaim-co-founder-cpo-at-siit-interview-series/

Anthony Tobelaim, Co-founder & CPO at Siit – Interview Series

Anthony Tobelaim is the Co-founder & CPO of Siit. He previously worked at Aircall as a Senior Director of Partnership EMEA & APAC.

Siit empowers IT and internal operations teams with a modern platform designed to simplify and streamline service management processes from start to finish. Unlike traditional systems that begin with forms or apps, Siit focuses on what matters most: requests. By leveraging AI, the platform offers a conversational, integrated, and automated approach to internal service management, providing advanced tools to enhance employee experiences while reducing administrative burdens. This innovative approach modernizes a traditionally outdated industry, enabling organizations to gain actionable insights into employee behavior, improve service delivery, and drive operational growth.

What inspired you to co-found Siit, and how did your previous experience at Aircall shape your approach to building this AI-powered service desk platform?

Our time at Aircall provided valuable insights into the dynamic needs of today’s businesses. As a team—Chalom, Dimitri, and I— consistently encountered the same challenges with traditional IT service desks: they are often inflexible, overly complex, and misaligned with the workflows of modern teams. Experiencing these pain points firsthand, we saw an opportunity to reimagine the status quo. That’s how Siit was born. We set out to build a platform designed to be as agile and forward-thinking as the teams it empowers, breaking free from outdated models to deliver a solution that is truly innovative and impactful.

What specific gaps in the IT Service Management (ITSM) industry did you identify that Siit aims to address?

Traditional service desks often fall short, burdened by disjointed tools and overly complicated processes. The familiar question, “Did you create a ticket?” epitomizes the frustration many face. At Siit, we set out to change that. Our platform delivers a streamlined, conversational experience that integrates effortlessly with tools like Slack and Microsoft Teams, meeting users where they already work. Our mission is simple: to make internal operations effortless for everyone—from IT teams to end-users—eliminating friction and bringing efficiency to the forefront.

How does Siit’s conversational and AI-driven approach redefine the traditional service desk experience for employees and support teams?

At Siit, we’re combining AI with the communication tools internal teams already rely on, like Slack and Microsoft Teams, to create a seamless, efficient experience. Our AI transforms fragmented requests into clear, actionable workflows, eliminating the need to chase status updates or juggle multiple systems. By automating routine tasks and providing actionable insights for continuous improvement, we ensure smoother operations and happier employees who feel supported every step of the way.

Can you explain the role of the multi-agent AI system in Siit and how it improves efficiency and accuracy in resolving employee requests?

At the core of Siit is our multi-agent AI system—your on-demand specialist for smarter support. Unlike traditional systems that require manual input for every ticket, our AI processes requests intelligently, learning from past interactions to deliver personalized, accurate responses. This ensures employees get the help they need quickly, while human agent resources are freed up to focus on more complex challenges. It’s about building a service desk that’s not only efficient but continuously learns and adapts to better serve your team.

How does Siit’s AI use employee behavioral data and company systems to provide tailored solutions?

Siit’s AI is more than just an assistant—it’s a true collaborator. By pulling data from multiple sources, it builds a complete picture of each request. Seamless integration with key systems like HR platforms, device management, identity access management, and your knowledge base gives our AI the context it needs to deliver precise insights. This interconnected approach enables a service desk with a holistic view, accelerating resolution times and lightening the workload for human agents. The result? Faster, more efficient service management that keeps your team moving forward.

What mechanisms are in place to ensure Siit’s AI continuously learns and adapts to organizational needs?

Siit’s AI is built to continually learn and adjust to meet your organization’s needs. The platform has built-in analytics that track how well the service desk is performing and how employees are interacting with it. These analytics provide real-time insights that help the AI recognize patterns and identify areas for improvement. This setup ensures that Siit’s AI evolves alongside your business, making processes more efficient and keeping employees satisfied with faster, more accurate support.

What are the key features that make Siit particularly appealing to IT administrators and internal operations teams?

Siit was designed to tackle the unique challenges of IT teams but quickly evolved to support departments across the organization. Built to empower internal operations teams, it delivers the specialized tools they need for seamless collaboration and a tailored, user-friendly service desk experience. Beyond IT, Siit has been rapidly embraced by HR, Finance, Legal, and other departments, drawn to its powerful AI, seamless integrations, and advanced role management capabilities. It’s a platform that adapts to the needs of operations teams, driving efficiency and alignment across the board.

What sets Siit apart from traditional ITSM solutions like Jira or Zendesk, particularly in addressing the disconnect between service desks and employee needs?

Siit is purpose-built to offer a seamless, future-ready solution, in contrast to legacy providers that depend on expensive add-ons to stay relevant. Competing head-to-head with industry leaders like Jira Service Management and Zendesk, Siit enables organizations to simplify operations without the complexity or hidden expenses, while offering powerful capabilities at a fraction of the cost.

How does the recent $5M seed round impact your plans for Siit’s go-to-market strategy and future development?

This recent funding is a key milestone in our growth journey. It allows us to enhance Siit’s AI capabilities and expand our footprint in the ITSM space. With this investment, Siit is well-positioned to accelerate growth and deliver even more value to our customers.

What are the next major milestones for Siit, and how do you plan to achieve them?

We’re excited about what’s ahead. A key focus for us now is scaling our technology and expanding our customer base globally. Our top priority is investing in exceptional talent, ensuring we continue to innovate and meet the ever-evolving needs of our customers.

Thank you for the great interview, readers who wish to learn more should visit Siit. 

[innovativesjobs]

Top Companies Hiring for Senior Software Engineer Jobs in 2024

Crack the Code: Top Companies Hiring Senior Software Engineers in 2024

The demand at Senior Software Engineers jobs is at an all-time high. With countless companies across industries vying for top talent, it can be overwhelming to identify the best opportunities. Fear not! We've curated a list of top companies actively seeking experienced engineers to join their ranks.

Tech Titans Leading the Charge

These industry behemoths are synonymous with innovation and offer unparalleled career growth opportunities:

FAANG (Facebook, Amazon, Apple, Netflix, Google): The holy grail of software engineer jobs, these companies offer competitive salaries, cutting-edge projects, and a chance to work with the brightest minds in the industry.

Microsoft: A pioneer in software development, Microsoft continues to be a top choice for Senior Software Engineers jobs holders, offering a blend of stability and innovation.

Beyond the Big Tech: Promising Companies to Watch

While the FAANG companies are undoubtedly attractive, there are plenty of other exciting opportunities out there:

Unicorn Startups: Companies like Uber, Airbnb, and Stripe offer dynamic work environments and the chance to be part of something groundbreaking.

Fintech Giants: With the rise of digital banking and financial technology, companies like Stripe, PayPal, and Square are actively hiring Senior Software Engineers to drive innovation.

Healthcare Tech: As healthcare becomes increasingly digitized, companies focused on healthtech, such as Epic Systems, Cerner, and Athenahealth, are seeking top talent.

E-commerce Powerhouses: Amazon, Walmart, and other e-commerce giants require robust software infrastructure to manage their operations, creating ample opportunities for Senior Software Engineers.

Industry-Specific Opportunities

If you have a particular interest in a specific industry, consider these companies:

Automotive: Tesla, Ford, and GM are investing heavily in autonomous vehicles and electric vehicles, requiring skilled engineers.

Cybersecurity: Companies like Palo Alto Networks, Fortinet, and CrowdStrike are at the forefront of cybersecurity, offering exciting roles for engineers with a focus on security.

Aerospace and Defense: Companies like Lockheed Martin, Boeing, and Raytheon Technologies are involved in complex software development projects, requiring highly skilled engineers.

Tips for Landing Your Dream Job

Build a Strong Portfolio: Showcase your projects and contributions to highlight your skills and experience.

Network Effectively: Connect with professionals in your desired industry to learn about job opportunities and gain insights.

Master the Interview Process: Prepare for technical interviews by practicing coding challenges and system design questions.

Continuous Learning: Stay updated with the latest technologies and industry trends to remain competitive.

Remember: The job market is dynamic, and new opportunities emerge regularly. Utilize job boards, company websites, and professional networking platforms to stay informed about the latest openings.

By understanding the landscape and tailoring your job search accordingly, you can increase your chances of landing a fulfilling Senior Software Engineer role at a company that aligns with your career goals.

[yourmoneywise85]

How to Become an Investment Banker in India: Qualifications, Requirements, and Steps

Investment banking is a prestigious and lucrative career path that attracts many aspiring finance professionals. In India, becoming an investment banker involves a series of educational qualifications, skill acquisitions, and strategic career moves. Here’s a comprehensive guide on how to become an investment banker in India.

1. Educational Qualifications

Undergraduate Degree: Begin with a bachelor's degree in finance, economics, business administration, or a related field. Top universities and colleges offer specialized courses that lay the foundation for a career in investment banking.

Postgraduate Degree: Pursuing a Master’s in Business Administration (MBA) from a reputed institution can significantly boost your career prospects. Many investment banks prefer candidates with an MBA, particularly those from top-tier business schools.

2. Skill Development

Financial Analysis: Gain proficiency in financial analysis, valuation techniques, and financial modeling. These skills are essential for evaluating investment opportunities and making informed decisions.

Communication and Negotiation: Develop strong communication and negotiation skills. Investment bankers frequently interact with clients, stakeholders, and team members, requiring excellent interpersonal abilities.

Technical Skills: Familiarize yourself with financial software and tools such as Microsoft Excel, Bloomberg, and other financial modeling platforms.

3. Certifications

Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA): Earning a CFA designation can enhance your credibility and expertise in investment banking. The CFA program covers a broad range of financial and investment topics.

Other Certifications: Consider additional certifications like Financial Risk Manager (FRM) or Certified Investment Banking Professional (CIBP) to strengthen your qualifications.

4. Gaining Experience

Internships: Participate in internships at investment banks or financial institutions to gain practical experience and industry exposure. Internships provide valuable networking opportunities and can lead to full-time positions.

Entry-Level Positions: Start with entry-level positions such as analyst roles. These positions provide hands-on experience and a deeper understanding of the investment banking industry.

5. Networking and Mentorship

Networking: Build a strong professional network by attending industry conferences, seminars, and networking events. Join finance-related groups and forums to connect with industry professionals.

Mentorship: Seek mentorship from experienced investment bankers. A mentor can provide guidance, insights, and valuable career advice.

6. Staying Updated

Continuous Learning: The finance industry is dynamic, and staying updated with the latest trends, regulations, and market conditions is crucial. Read financial news, subscribe to industry journals, and take part in continuous education programs.

7. Applying for Jobs

Resume and Cover Letter: Craft a compelling resume and cover letter highlighting your qualifications, skills, and relevant experience. Tailor your application to each job you apply for.

Interview Preparation: Prepare for interviews by practicing common investment banking interview questions and case studies. Demonstrate your analytical skills, industry knowledge, and problem-solving abilities during interviews.

Becoming an investment banker in India requires dedication, continuous learning, and strategic career planning. By following these steps and leveraging educational qualifications, certifications, skills, and networking opportunities, you can pave the way for a successful career in investment banking.

For more detailed insights and guidance, visit our comprehensive guide on how to become an investment banker in India.

For more:

how to be a investment banker

investment banker qualification

investment banker requirements

steps to become investment banker

[broadassist]

Employee Retention Mastery: Strategies by Board Assist

Are you losing sleep over the revolving door of talent in your organization? Don’t worry, you're not alone! The unsettling question of "Why aren't our employees staying longer?" has become a recurring concern in your managerial musings. Employee retention has emerged as a critical challenge for businesses across industries as the workforce landscape evolves. The constant recruitment and onboarding of new faces strain resources and hinder the development of a cohesive, high-performing team. Let’s delve into the art and science of employee retention mastery and decode the secrets of cultivating enduring loyalty and commitment within your organizational ranks.

The Significance of Employee Retention: A Strategic Imperative for Organizational Success

In today's dynamic workplace, mastering employee retention has become paramount for organizations striving to secure top talent and ensure long-term success. In the modern business landscape, employee retention emerges not only as a key performance metric but as a strategic imperative essential for the sustained success of organizations.

Various businesses, such as Google, Microsoft and BoardAssist.com, are at the forefront of strategising employee retention. Today's businesses specialise in providing guidance and solutions to organizations looking to bolster their retention efforts. These entities understand that retaining talent goes beyond traditional methods and requires a holistic approach. From tailored training programs to personalised development plans, such organizations contribute to the arsenal of tools to enhance employee loyalty.

Let’s understand why employee retention is imperative, shedding light on its impact on cost-effective management, heightened employee engagement, and much more.

1. Cost-Effective Management

Employee turnover initiates a costly recruitment cycle involving expenses such as advertising, screening, interviewing, and onboarding new hires. Retaining existing staff is a more financially prudent approach. By investing in the development and satisfaction of current employees, organizations can alleviate the financial strains of continuous turnover.

2. Elevated Employee Engagement

Employee retention is intrinsically linked to maintaining heightened levels of employee engagement. The departure of employees and subsequent recruitment often results in an increased workload for the remaining staff, leading to diminished morale and motivation. Retaining valuable employees contributes to a more stable and engaged workforce, where individuals remain committed to their roles and responsibilities.

3. Retention of Experienced Personnel

Long-term retention yields a pool of loyal employees with significant organizational experience. Over time, employees assimilate the company's culture, ethics, and values. This accumulated experience translates into a skilled and capable workforce, augmenting overall productivity. The institutional knowledge amassed over the years becomes an invaluable asset for tackling challenges and driving innovation.

4. Positive Impact on Customer Relations

In roles where employees directly interact with customers, retention plays a pivotal role in shaping customer relations. Long-term employees often develop strong customer relationships, serving as crucial contact points. This continuity in customer interactions fosters trust and rapport. Conversely, frequent turnover can disrupt these relationships, necessitating time for new hires to establish a similar level of connection with the customer base.

5. Cultivation of Positive Corporate Culture

Corporate culture, shaped by a company's preferences, perceptions, and behaviours, is significantly influenced by employee retention. It plays a central role in fostering a positive and cohesive corporate culture. As employees stay and contribute to the organization's ethos, a more wholesome and positive culture emerges. This, in turn, enhances the business's brand value and is a magnet for attracting skilled and dedicated talent.

Understanding the catalysts behind employee turnover is the first step in crafting practical retention approaches.  So, now, let's delve into Employee Retention Strategies.

Crafting a Holistic Approach to Employee Retention

Here are some employee retention strategies that can empower organizations with actionable strategies that address pain points and cultivate a thriving workplace culture.

1. Onboarding and Orientation

A positive onboarding experience is pivotal for long-term employee satisfaction. A business should emphasise that onboarding goes beyond introducing new hires to their roles – immersing them in the company culture. A well-structured onboarding process establishes the foundation for an employee's tenure, whether in person or virtual.

2. Mentorship Programs

Supplementing onboarding with mentorship programs aids employee integration, especially in remote work scenarios. Mentors are crucial in welcoming newcomers, offering guidance, and serving as a sounding board. This approach extends beyond new hires, benefiting existing staff and enhancing employee retention.

3. Employee Compensation

Ensuring competitive compensation is a cornerstone of successful retention. Regular evaluations of salary structures demonstrate a commitment to recognising and rewarding employees appropriately. While immediate salary increases might not always be feasible, alternative forms of compensation, such as bonuses, enhance job satisfaction.

4. Perks

In the pursuit of talent retention, offering standout perks is essential. Flexible schedules and remote work options emerge as crucial perks in the current job market. Great perks help attract new talent and re-engage existing staff, ultimately increasing employee morale.

5. Wellness Offerings

Employee well-being is paramount for job satisfaction and retention. Expanding and enhancing wellness programs, especially after the pandemic, demonstrates a commitment to supporting employees in their physical, mental, and financial well-being. Stress management initiatives, retirement planning services, and fitness reimbursements are valuable components of a holistic wellness strategy.

6. Communication

The shift to hybrid and remote work models accentuates the importance of effective communication. Establishing an environment where employees feel comfortable sharing ideas, questions, and concerns fosters a culture of openness and support. Healthy and timely communication between the organization and its employees is crucial. Regular check-ins, whether virtual or in person, contribute to building a solid and supportive work culture.

7. Continuous Feedback on Performance

Traditional annual performance reviews make way for more frequent and constructive feedback sessions. Discussing short- and long-term professional goals, providing constructive feedback, and collaborating on realistic career advancement plans contribute to employee satisfaction and commitment.

8. Training and Development

Investing in employee training and development is integral to their sense of worth within the organization. This strategy aligns with the modern workforce's desire for continuous growth. Supporting employees in upskilling, attending virtual conferences, and offering tuition reimbursement fosters an environment of professional development and contributes to retention.

9. Recognition and Rewards Systems

Acknowledging and appreciating employees for their contributions is a fundamental aspect of retention. Whether through formal reward systems or informal recognition programs, expressing gratitude enhances engagement and builds a positive workplace culture. There should be valuable resources and tools for implementing effective recognition programs tailored to your organization's unique needs.

10. Work-Life Balance

Promoting a healthy work-life balance is essential for employee satisfaction. Encouraging employees to set boundaries, take vacation time, and maintain realistic expectations contributes to a positive work environment.

11. Flexible Work Arrangements

Post-pandemic, the demand for flexibility in work arrangements has surged. Forbes highlights that over half of employees globally would leave their jobs without flexibility. Offering options like remote work, flextime, or compressed workweeks contributes significantly to employee retention.

12. Effective Change Management

Change is inevitable, and how organizations navigate it impacts employee satisfaction. Clear communication during change helps alleviate anxieties and fosters a sense of stability among employees.

13. Emphasis on Teamwork

Encouraging collaboration and creating opportunities for all employees to contribute ideas strengthens teamwork. Accommodating diverse work styles and empowering employees to make decisions fosters a positive team dynamic.

14. Acknowledgment of Milestones

Celebrating both small and significant achievements contributes to a positive work culture. Whether virtually or in person, marking milestones creates meaningful moments and reinforces employees' sense of value and belonging.

Conclusion

In conclusion, mastering employee retention is a strategic imperative for organizational success in today's dynamic workplace. The profound impact on cost-effective management, elevated employee engagement, retention of experienced personnel, positive customer relations, and cultivating a positive corporate culture cannot be overstated. Organizations can navigate the evolving landscape by incorporating comprehensive strategies, ensuring long-term talent loyalty. From holistic onboarding to innovative mentorship and competitive compensation, these strategies empower organizations to foster a thriving workplace culture and secure top talent in the competitive market.

[shraddhap]

Top 5 Interview Questions for Search Engine Marketing Jobs

Search Engine Marketing (SEM) is essential for enhancing website visibility on search engine results pages (SERPs) through paid advertisements on platforms such as Google, Yahoo, and Bing. By providing instant visibility, SEM plays a pivotal role in driving business growth, generating leads, and boosting revenue. This blog will focus specifically on the Pay-Per-Click (PPC) aspect of SEM, offering insights on how to prepare for interviews in this field, tailored for both beginners and experienced professionals.

**Understanding SEM and Its Components**

SEM encompasses both paid (PPC) and unpaid (SEO) strategies, which work in tandem to maximize online visibility. While SEO focuses on organic search results, PPC involves bidding on keywords to display ads prominently on search engines. As businesses increasingly recognize the importance of online presence, skilled SEM professionals are in high demand. To succeed in interviews for SEM positions, candidates should be well-versed in the tools and strategies relevant to PPC advertising.

**Top Interview Questions to Prepare For**

1. **What is your experience with Google Ads and Microsoft Ads?**

   Interviewers will want to assess your familiarity with these platforms. Be prepared to discuss specific campaigns you’ve managed, your approach to keyword selection, ad copywriting, and how you measure success.

2. **How do you conduct keyword research?**

   Demonstrating your ability to identify relevant keywords is crucial. Discuss the tools you use (like Google Keyword Planner or SEMrush) and explain how you analyze search volume, competition, and user intent to optimize your campaigns.

3. **Can you explain the concept of Quality Score and its importance in PPC?**

   Quality Score is a metric used by Google to determine the relevance and quality of your ads and keywords. Be prepared to explain how it affects your ad rank and the cost-per-click (CPC). Discuss strategies you use to improve Quality Scores, such as optimizing landing pages and ad relevance.

4. **How do you measure the success of a PPC campaign?**

   Employers will want to understand your analytical skills. Talk about the key performance indicators (KPIs) you track, such as click-through rate (CTR), conversion rate, and return on ad spend (ROAS). Highlight any tools or dashboards you use for reporting and analysis.

5. **What strategies would you implement for a new PPC campaign?**

   Here, you can showcase your strategic thinking. Discuss your approach to setting campaign goals, selecting target audiences, crafting ad copy, and testing various elements to optimize performance.

**Becoming a Part of ReachLocal: Exciting Career Opportunities**

At ReachLocal India, we understand the significance of having top skills and a deep understanding of digital marketing platforms. Our team of skilled professionals is dedicated to fostering a collaborative work environment that encourages growth and innovation. Whether you’re just starting your career or looking to advance in this dynamic field, our Career page provides a wealth of opportunities.

Our training methodologies are designed to immerse you in real-life scenarios, helping you enhance your analytical and strategic skills. By joining our team, you will cultivate and refine your expertise in SEM, positioning yourself for long-term success in the digital marketing industry.

For a more comprehensive exploration of various facets of digital marketing, we invite you to visit our Blog page, where you can find insights that will further enhance your knowledge and prepare you for your next career step in SEM.

[fiduciasoftllc-blog]

Overview of ERP developer salaries in the USA

Today, an increasing number of enterprises are getting more aware of the need to implement ERP systems. This means that the demand for experts in this field is also growing. Working as an ERP developer promises employees significant prospects in terms of career and financial growth. All of this gets us to the question: How much does an ERP developer earn and what skills are necessary to become an expert for working in different ERP systems? That’s what we are going to scrutinize in this article.

Necessary skills of ERP developers

As for the primary qualities of an average ERP developer,  first of all, he has to be patient and endurant in the process of developing and debugging a program, have the ability to quickly adapt to new, and objectively assess the capabilities of technologies and their use in each specific case.

ERP developers are usually responsible for: resolving functionality problems; working with company security devices; following security guidelines; entering data into encrypted databases; maintaining backups; filling data into encrypted databases; resolving application problems; researching company information; dealing with program bugs.

If you are considering the possibility to become an ERP developer it’s important to know what is expected from you. Among the top necessary skills of ERP developers are following skills:

Technology specific knowledge. ERPs can differ quite enormously from Infor, Sage, Oracle to SAP and other solutions. None of these skills are the same and can be critical for specific kinds of jobs.

Experience in ERP application analysis, design, configuration, development and deployment.

Strong functional and technical knowledge of ERP integrations and API technologies to support integrations with third parties.

Broad experience utilizing varying project methodologies.

Stable work history. It’s fine to switch jobs frequently. However, if the developer’s work history shows a  regular switching of jobs every two months, it will not bring him trust. The ERP hiring market can be a competitive place.

Communication skills. Oral and written communication skills are always a plus, including an ERP developer position. The ERP developer has to possess strong verbal, written and presentation skills and have the ability to convey complex information to a broad audience

Ability to work with a team. It’s important for the team player to have integrity, passion, initiative, and leadership ability as well as to work independently under minimal supervision.

Problem-solving Companies want an ERP developer who can easily solve problems that may turn up during an ERP implementation or upgrade.

Resourcefulness. The ERP developer has to be highly organized, have multitasking capabilities, and commitment to detail

Overview of developer salaries for popular ERP systems in the USA

If we take an average ERP developer salary in the United States, for July 2020 we’ll get the number of $74,151, but the range typically varies between $64,078 and $87,244. The salary ranges may relate to many essential factors, including certifications, education, additional courses and skills, the number of years spent in the field, and the peculiarities of the ERP systems.

Depending on the ERP system, the ERP developer salary can vary:

According to the Microsoft Dynamics Salary Survey, a junior-level Dynamics ERP Developer salary in the USA is around $90,000, a mid-level CRM Developer earns around $118,500, senior-level Dynamics CRM Developers can expect to earn starting from $147,500.

The average annual Sage ERP developer salary range from $74,062 to $100,985 depending of the state in the US.

As of July 2020, the average annual pay for the Acumatica ERP developer salary in the US is $91,689 a year ranging from $29,500 to $156,000 depending on the state and the position.

Based on recent job postings the average annual pay for the Navision ERP developer job category in the US is $93,768 a year with the highest number of $176,500 and the lowest of $28,000.

If we check the statistics for the Oracle ERP developer, the average annual pay for this job category in the US will be similar to Navision and will show $94,338 a year, ranging from $30,500 to $151,500.

The average annual pay for the Netsuite ERP Developer jobs category in the US tends to be $98,198 a year ranging between $30,500 to $151,500.

Benefits of remote ERP developers

Many business are getting to understand the advantages of working with remote ERP developers. ERP projects often have a certain timeframe, and after the project is complete,  there may be no work for ERP developers. Therefore, it may be beneficial for ERP resellers to work with outsourcing/outstaff companies whose developers have good experience with ERP.

FiduciaSoft provides the team of experienced developers to solve any problems associated with ERP Acumatica, Sage, MS Dynamics. We have a successful experience in developing extensions, customizations, and integrations with any services. You can read more about our experience in our blog.

What is the advantage of a remote team of ERP developers?

You don’t need to spend time looking for candidates, interviews, and processing other bureaucracy. The company can do all the necessary jobs for you and gather a team of professionals. Even if you need more developers, we will find them. We have a database of potential candidates.

There is no need to organize places for work. If there is not enough space in the office, the search for additional premises can become a headache. But we are equipped with everything you will need: a comfortable office, required workplaces, recreation areas, etc.

The cost of an hour of work for the remote developers is 30-50% lower than inhouse. And you can only hire developers for a specific project, which also saves the resources.

FiduciaSoft provides ERP services by involving certified Acumatica consultants, developers as well as PMs. We have extensive experience with customized development of successfully completed ERP projects for resellers, small and medium-sized businesses as well as enterprises.

[hireasp]

Tips to Hire Expert ASP.Net Developers

ASP.NET is an open-source server-side web application framework designed for web development that produces dynamic websites. Developed and introduced in 2002 by Microsoft, ASP.NET helps developers build expert websites, web apps, and web-based services. Hire dot net developer.ASP.NET enhances the .NET developer platform by providing tools and libraries designed specifically for building web-based applications. .NET is an application platform for developers made up of programming languages, tools, and libraries that can be used to create various kinds of applications. Hire Asp.Net Developer

Services of ASP.NET

Fast and Scalable

 Hire .net developer. ASP.NET offers the highest performance and speed compared to other web frameworks.

Make Secure Apps

They are offering industry-standard authentication protocols. ASP.NET built-in features provide vital protection for applications against Cross-site scripting (XSS) and cross-site request forgery (CSRF). ASP.NET supports multi-factor authentication as well as external authentication via Google, Twitter, and many more.

Active Community and Open Source

Get fast answers to your questions by joining an engaged community of programmers in Stack Overflow, ASP.NET forums, and many others. 

Cross-Platform

Code can run natively on any operating system that supports it, including C#, F#, or Visual Basic. A variety of .NET implementations do the bulk of the work. The .NET framework offers a robust guide for desktop applications and more for Windows.

Libraries

Microsoft and others keep an active package ecosystem based around the .NET Standard to improve and increase capabilities.

Evolved Framework

There are millions of applications that have been developed with .NET in various fields. Build native applications for Windows, iOS, and Android using existing C# skills. You could even employ an expert C# programmer to meet your requirements.

Writing in a language that is continuously evolving and stable is essential. It makes life easier and more enjoyable, but it can also boost employees' productivity and, in certain instances, helps avoid expelled errors and bugs.

Model Binding

Do you know that due to model binding, Razor controllers and pages can work using data derived directly from requests made via HTTP? Concerning this, you will be able to instantly and effortlessly obtain valuable information, with no need to code once more.

This model binding technique extracts information from various sources, such as routes, fields, or inquiry strings. Also, this program provides details to razor pages and controllers within the public domain, as well as parameters and properties.

Asynchronous programming patterns

When you use ASP.NET, you can enjoy excellent help with Asynchronous programming patterns. Async is present across every class in the .NET Framework and most of the libraries.

One of the primary reasons why ASP.NET Core is quicker is the extensive use of synchronous patterns within the developed MVC Frameworks.

Simple to keep

You don't need to think of a lot to grasp this part. The reason for this is easy and sensible. The logic is that it's simple to maintain a smaller amount of code than complicated ones.

It might not be easy for those who have just started as a developer to master this technique. However, for an experienced developer, he knows how to optimize all code within ASP.NET The Core.

It is essential to stay up-to-date with all the most current improvements for language development. Continuously research and study the latest changes to the programming language.

Optimize Data Access

Have you ever thought about the fact that accessing data is among the slowest tasks in any program? It is exhausting and dropping for many developers at times.

One must connect all data access to APIs asynchronously. It is necessary to cut down on roundtrips to the database and retrieve only the needed data. Try not to use projection queries in a collection. In a place where you're using Entity Framework Core to connect to data, be sure that you adhere to the rules and guidelines within Entity Framework Core.

However, on the other side, if you're using a program that does not allow data to be changed by the program, It is suggested that you use the non-tracking query.

Characteristics of ASP.Net

Cross-platform support

With the development of technology today, developers can benefit from cross-platform features through ASP.Net and use the solution for Windows, Linus, and Mac OS. 

More reliable performance

Performance is the first aspect when developing projects with the most recent update to the ASP. Net framework. Developers are now able to enjoy improved performance and speed when creating web-based applications. An ASP.Net specialist will notice the changes in the performance of applications developed using ASP. Net technology in comparison to other options. Other features such as networking and concurrency, compression, and serialization can compute with more incredible speed in the latest version.

Additionally, it reduces it is also smaller in size. HTTP request size has been decreased to 2Kb, which further improves the performance.

Applications hosted by self-hosted

ASP.net developers can now build self-hosted applications with the technology without relying on the Internet Information Service(IIS). The applications are hosted by themselves. When it is about Linux systems, web applications are hosted with Nginx. IIS and Nginx provide opposite proxy support for these types of applications.

Support of SignalR Java Client

SignalR Java client is comprised of components of Javascript on both the client as well as server sides. Designed especially for .Net Framework, The SignalR Java Client library permits the server to send out asynchronous notifications to applications installed on the client-side. Developers can utilize this client to include features in the application in real-time. Besides this, the client chooses the most appropriate method of transportation depending on the available resources on both the server and the client-side.

The razor page's introduction

A new feature in ASP.Net includes the creation of razor pages. The pages simplify the coding process and increase efficiency. With these pages, developers cannot develop self-sufficient views for controllers that allow them to create scenarios that are related to development. The ease of making these scenarios lets developers get a good overview of the entire architecture of the software.

Development Models

Web

Develop web-based applications and services on various platforms, including Windows, Linux, macOS, and Docker.

Mobile

A single codebase enables you to create native mobile applications on iOS, Android, and Windows.

Desktop

Create stunning and persuasive desktop applications designed for Windows or macOS.

Microservices

Microservices that can be individually used and are run by Docker container.

Gaming

Design engaging and well-known 2D and 3D-based games agreeable with the most popular PCs, smartphones, consoles, and desktops.

Machine Learning

Use different vision algorithms, prediction models, speech processors, and much more to your applications.

Cloud

Consume cloud services that are already available or design and launch an app of your own.

Internet of Things

Create IoT applications that have an integrated support system as well as other single-board computers.

Here are Tips to Hire Remote ASP.NET Developers

Professional technical screening of .NET developer abilities in a video or phone interview.

It is essential to screen ASP.NET developers to draw what skills they possess. To employ committed remote ASP.Net developers, you must know the candidate's background and technical knowledge by asking them direct questions about the skills you're looking to confirm. You can ask questions regarding ASP.NET MVC and know developers' capabilities to build reliable and secure web-based apps. The questions you ask must be different based on the job you're looking to fill and the skills you are looking to approve.

Online Coding Test

Online coding tests can be an excellent method of explaining the experience of ASP.NET developers. Performing online coding tests could assist in evaluating applicants more effectively than interview screening or resume screening.

Based on your business's strategy, coding tests can are an excellent method for screening .NET developer abilities or an additional option, in addition to an analysis of the resume and a phone meeting. Keep examining to find programming tests that will simplify your screening process for technical skills and what should be included to give precise details.

Many companies are turning to coding tests as the primary screening method, as they offer IT recruiters two significant advantages:

Tests on the internet should prove not just .NET developer     abilities but also the knowledge of buildings and frameworks.

.NET Coding tests must include programming tasks that are to the     roles that candidates are expected to fulfill when they are hired.

They are thinking about creating .NET programming tasks that are     based on the code of the company. This is one of the best methods to     imitate the job candidates' problems when they are hired.

A programming task that will review challenges in coding.

.NET Developer skills provide information on the applicant's     background, his approach to code quality, and how effectively they debug     and identify the traps.

Coding tests demonstrate an interest in the selection process,     which has an impact that is positive on the candidate's involvement.

Measure the Experience Level

Experience working on massive projects that require a large amount     of information. This suggests that the candidate may be able to tackle     problems that may arise during every IT project.

Developers are invited to gatherings and programming events is an     indication that the applicant is aware of the latest trends and best     practices. It is possible to be a skilled and passionate developer.

Suppose a developer is involved in Open-source projects or is a     member in meetings. The candidate is informed of .NET technology and is     likely to be a part of the project.

[theadmiringbog]

Why is data-driven marketing so difficult for many organizations? There are many reasons, ranging from “we don’t know how” to the challenge that branding and awareness marketing activities are fuzzy and don’t directly impact sales revenues in a short time period.

--

Best Buy marketers analyze customer purchasing characteristics and demographics on a store-by-store basis. For example, they identified one segment in certain geographies, which they called “Jills.” This segment is a “soccer mom” who may well be working but is also running the family. She also makes the primary electronics purchasing decisions for the household. Based on these data, Best Buy customized the marketing for specific stores where there are a significant number of Jills in the surrounding population. The marketing included large in-store banner advertising of moms with kids using electronics, direct-mail advertising, and changing up the product mix to appeal to Jills. The resulting sales lift (percentage change) in these stores was then measured before and after the marketing activities.                 

--

The 15 essential metrics for marketing I define are: 

1. Brand awareness 

2. Test-drive 

3. Churn 

4. Customer satisfaction (CSAT) 

5. Take rate 

6. Profit 

7. Net present value (NPV) 

8. Internal rate of return (IRR) 

9. Payback 10. Customer lifetime value (CLTV) 

11. Cost per click (CPC) 

12. Transaction conversion rate (TCR) 

13. Return on ad dollars spent (ROA) 

14. Bounce rate 

15. Word of mouth (WOM) (social media reach)                 

--

Where to begin?

What are the 20 percent of data that will give 80 percent of impact? Start there. 

--

“It’s impossible to tell what’s working and what’s not working!” 

The “answer” in large part is one of taking a systematic and disciplined approach to marketing campaign execution. The idea is conceptually simple: conduct a small experiment, isolating as many variables as possible, to see what works and what does not.                 

--

Another objection related to causality is that there can be a significant time delay between marketing, such as branding, and actual product purchase. An executive once told me with frustration that her chief financial officer (CFO) wanted to see the financial ROI of branding initiatives. Financial metrics work great for demand generation marketing, which has a short time delay between action and reaction of the customer—the customer purchases as a result of the promotion or event, and the purchase can be measured with cash. But financial metrics do not work for awareness marketing designed to build brand, which is often separated in time from the purchase. The CFO was asking for the impossible—financial ROI simply does not work for branding.            

--

A key to making data-driven marketing work, and for the approach to be easy rather than painful, is to design all campaigns in advance so that they are easy to measure.                 

--

The laptop computer, combined with Microsoft Excel, is an amazingly powerful tool. For infrastructure, this is all most marketers need to get started on the data-driven marketing journey.                 

--

Translating data-driven marketing strategy into infrastructure for a large firm.      

--

Simply put, a brand is a consumer perception of a particular product or service and may encompass the whole company, such as Disney or Apple.                 

--

This perception is driven both by marketing and experience with the product and by recommendations of friends and colleagues. Branding is incredibly important, because it often drives the consumer to take a first look at your product or service and can have the advantage of enabling a firm to charge a price premium over non-branded competitors.                 

--

Metric #1: The Essential Awareness Metric Brand awareness = Ability to recall a product or service                 

--

A better approach is to use surveys to ask how much more a person will be willing to pay for a branded versus the equivalent non-branded product. This percentage difference multiplied by the product sales is approximately the value of the brand.                 

--

In my opinion, the value of marketing to enhance the brand is practically impossible to accurately measure using financial metrics. I, therefore, take a different approach, focusing on the essential non-financial metric to measure brand marketing effectiveness.                 

--

A strong brand awareness gives your product or service first consideration, or first look, as the customer moves into the evaluative stage of the purchasing cycle (see Figure 3.2                 

--

Metric #1: The Essential Brand Awareness Metric Measured by Asking 

For [product or service], what is the first [company or product] name you think of? 

For [product or service], what other [companies or products] have you heard of?                 

--

These questions uncover unaided reception of your product or service and the relative ranking of brands relative to competitors. These questions are a starting point and should be refined for the specific campaign. Follow-on questions can show example marketing for aided awareness and ask questions to uncover brand and messaging impact and intent to act. How do you actually do this? Brand awareness measurement is easily accomplished with relatively low-cost phone interviews and surveys to gather the data. If the marketing is combined with the Internet, as in the AGS campaign, the call to action can be captured. Action is related to customer engagement and is another measure of the brand marketing impact.                 

--

The campaign was dynamically tuned to improve performance while it was running, this is the essence of Chapter 8, Agile Marketing.                

--

The test-drive is the essential metric at the evaluative stage of the purchasing cycle.                

--

Take rate is just the percentage of customers who accept an offer.                

--

Golf handicap is calculated by taking the average golf score over the last 10 rounds of golf played. The handicap is the average number of shots over par.   

--

What does this all mean? We have ascertained (1) that good golfers keep score so that they know how well they played and (2) that they keep score multiple times to have a handicap. That is, they have trend data. With this trend data, they can predict the future. However, when experiencing a new golf course, there is risk. (3) Because of risk, it is not possible to predict the future exactly: there is a range of possible outcomes. For financial return on marketing investment (ROMI), these are the three major takeaways that we will return to in the examples of the subsequent sections.                 

--

It is most important is to answer the last question—what happens if you change the assumptions? To answer this question you need to do something called sensitivity analysis to your ROMI Excel spreadsheet model. The idea is conceptually simple: vary the input assumptions and figure out what happens to the output. But the answers provide you with deep insights into whether you have a chance of realizing the campaign returns. That is, they enable to you to answer the question, What is the best, worst, and expected case of your campaign or program ROMI?                 

--

Bounce rate

In addition to TCR, defined in the previous section, there are several metrics to measure how good your web site is. These often include time on site and number of page views. However, these metrics tend to be ambiguous. Time on site and page views are often cited to link to customer engagement. However, if your web site is designed to help customers find products and services, and quickly purchase, then time on site may not be the best metric—since you want this time to be as short as possible. In addition, if the web site is a blog, then all of the content will be on one page, so page views are not a good metric. I therefore prefer a different metric: bounce rate.                

--

I define WOM for Internet marketing as: 

Metric #15: The Essential Metric for Word of Mouth on the Internet where direct clicks are all clicks directly to the site, not referred, and will include clicks from impressions that can be any marketing interaction: corporate web site, display advertising, search, blog post, a product Facebook page, and the like.                

--

Online travel companies may spend $100 million or more in online advertising each year. They monitor Google keyword pricing and place ad buys based on optimal pricing every 15 minutes.                

--

I argue, though, that to get started and show significant performance gains, you don’t need real-time data—you need what I call near-time data. The idea of near-time data is to collect data from your marketing performance on a time scale that is smaller than the length of time the campaign is running.                

--

Collect data at least 10 times during the running of a campaign.                 

--

One of the first questions I often get asked by marketers when we start talking about marketing databases and technology is, “What data do I need to put in the data warehouse?” It turns out this is the wrong first question. A better question to ask is, “What are the business requirements?” That is, what business questions are you trying to answer and for how many customers? The data you need (data requirements) are defined by the business questions you want to ask and answer. 

Put in the context of an airline, the business questions might be how many frequent flyers aged 30 to 49 stopped flying between Chicago and Washington, D.C., last month? Why did they stop flying? What similar customers are likely to churn that are high value?

[jcmarchi]

Vadim Vladimirskiy, Co-Founder & CEO of Nerdio – Interview Series

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/vadim-vladimirskiy-co-founder-ceo-of-nerdio-interview-series/

Vadim Vladimirskiy, Co-Founder & CEO of Nerdio – Interview Series

Vadim Vladimirskiy serves as the CEO and co-founder of Nerdio, playing a key role in the development of its flagship products, Nerdio Manager for Enterprise and Nerdio Manager for MSP. He is an active speaker at industry events, focusing on channel, technology, and Microsoft-related topics. With a career that began in high school when he started his first IT consultancy business, he has maintained a long-standing commitment to technology and innovation.

Nerdio is a software solution provider that supports organizations of all sizes in deploying, managing, and cost-optimizing native Microsoft technologies. The company collaborates with Managed Service Providers (MSPs) and enterprise organizations worldwide, enhancing their existing Microsoft investments, including Azure Virtual Desktop, Windows 365, and Microsoft Intune.

How has your background in IT shaped the vision and product development at Nerdio?

My journey in IT began in high school when I started ComTech Computers, helping people set up home networks and experiencing the complexity and potential of IT. By the early 2000s, I was working as an IT consultant and network engineer at Solus, an MSP in Chicago, where I managed backups for numerous small and mid-sized businesses. Tape backups were unreliable and inefficient, and I envisioned a more streamlined, automated solution. After pushing for months, my bosses and I co-founded Level2 Storage in 2005, a cloud-based backup company, where we offered clients secure, automatic online data protection.

As client needs grew, I saw an opportunity to manage not only backups but entire IT infrastructures remotely—well before “cloud” was a common term. In 2007, we virtualized servers and offered remote access for a few clients as a pilot, which led to the launch of Adar IT. This new MSP offered clients full IT infrastructure management in a virtual environment, enabling them to access their desktops and data from anywhere. The cloud-focused model of Adar was transformative, but skeptics questioned its feasibility. Over time, we overcame challenges, optimized the technology, and grew Adar to serve numerous clients.

By 2016, with cloud adoption growing, we saw other MSPs facing the same cloud complexities we had tackled. This led to the founding of Nerdio, a platform that automates cloud environments specifically for MSPs, empowering them to deliver cloud services without needing deep cloud expertise. Nerdio’s mission is rooted in the solutions we developed for Adar IT and the challenges we faced along the way.   How does Nerdio help organizations optimize their Azure Virtual Desktop (AVD) and Windows 365 environments?

Nerdio simplifies and optimizes Azure Virtual Desktop (AVD) and Windows 365 environments through automation, cost management, and streamlined deployment. With Nerdio Manager, IT professionals can deploy an AVD environment in a few hours or connect to an existing setup in as little as 10 minutes, reducing deployment time by up to 80%. Our intuitive platform also automates key processes, from image management to application delivery, minimizing manual intervention, and reducing the risk of errors.

Nerdio’s advanced auto-scaling feature is central to its cost-saving capabilities. By dynamically adjusting resources based on demand, organizations have cited saving up to 80% on Azure compute and storage costs, when using Nerdio Manager compared to unoptimized strategies. Additionally, ESG reported that enterprises, on average, experience a 55% reduction in AVD costs using Nerdio Manager, compared to using AVD alone. Our interface also allows IT teams to manage both AVD and Windows 365 environments from a single platform, simplifying administration and improving overall operational efficiency.’

What are some unique challenges Nerdio addresses for enterprises managing cloud deployments?

We’re addressing unique challenges for enterprises managing cloud deployments by streamlining complex IT processes and reducing both operational costs and administrative burdens. With tools like our Nerdio Manager for MSP and Nerdio Manager for Enterprise, the platform fills significant gaps in managing Microsoft environments—specifically Azure Virtual Desktop (AVD) and Microsoft’s Modern Workplace.

For enterprises with hybrid or remote workforces, we simplify the transition to cloud-first environments. Our platforms offer centralized, scalable management features, automating many repetitive tasks. For example, Kite Technology Group uses Nerdio to maintain security updates and disaster recovery processes across all client devices. This approach eliminates the need for frequent manual updates and ensures consistent, secure environments.

Nerdio’s auto-scaling capabilities are particularly beneficial, enabling enterprises to dynamically adjust resources based on real-time business needs. This provides significant cost savings on compute resources, as illustrated by Damart, who saved 50% on licensing and labor costs by using Nerdio’s scaling features. We also make tenant management more efficient. Tasks that once required hours are now completed in minutes, which saves IT leaders’ significant time and resources while managing hundreds or thousands of users.

With advanced features like unified application management, automatic updates and streamlined onboarding, Nerdio simplifies complex cloud management and enhances business continuity. By eliminating much of the labor and budget traditionally required for AVD and Microsoft Modern Workplace, our solutions empower enterprises to scale their cloud environments efficiently and affordably.   How does Nerdio ensure security and compliance while managing cloud environments like Microsoft Intune and Azure Virtual Desktop?

Our approach to security focuses on leveraging Microsoft’s robust security frameworks while adding our own layer of automation and best practices to ensure organizations can meet their security requirements.

We integrate Network Security Groups (NSGs) to manage and control traffic at the network level, ensuring all data and applications stay within the internal network.

Additionally, we support Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) and Privileged Identity Management (PIM), which help restrict access to only those who need it, minimizing the risk of data breaches. Regular patching and updates, combined with our automated tools, ensure all AVD components are protected against the latest threats.

Our platform ensures robust security through continuous monitoring with Azure Sentinel and centralized management. This helps maintain compliance with industry standards like GDPR, HIPAA and ISO. Nerdio is the first organization in the MSP space to partner with the Center for Internet Security, Inc. (CIS). This partnership simplifies compliance efforts and bolsters cybersecurity postures without requiring comprehensive customization or manual configuration. Recently, we partnered with CIS to transform our customers’ IT environments with robust, ready-to-use CIS Windows 10 and Windows 11 Intune policies to strengthen enterprises’ security and drive compliance.   How is Nerdio leveraging AI to streamline cloud management for enterprises and Managed Service Providers (MSPs)?

Nerdio leverages AI to streamline cloud management for enterprises and Managed Service Providers (MSPs) by tackling the complexities of migration, ongoing resource management, and cost optimization—all while enhancing security, compliance, and scalability.

Simplifying Cloud Complexity: Cloud environments are often complex, requiring careful handling from migration through day-to-day management. Nerdio’s AI-driven automation simplifies this process, minimizing both downtime and technical overhead. For enterprises and MSPs, this means smoother transitions to the cloud and a streamlined approach to ongoing management, allowing IT teams to focus on strategic goals rather than time-consuming configurations.

Cost Optimization: Managing cloud costs is challenging, particularly with idle resources that can drive up expenses unnecessarily. Nerdio’s platform leverages AI to automate resource scaling and optimize usage, minimizing total cloud expenditure. Predictive analytics help identify potential savings by analyzing usage patterns, while automated scaling ensures resources adjust based on demand—particularly valuable for MSPs managing dynamic, multi-tenant environments.

Unified Management for Hybrid and Multi-Cloud Environments: With a growing need for hybrid and multi-cloud strategies, Nerdio offers a unified management platform compatible with Azure, Windows 365, and other environments, cutting down inefficiencies and simplifying oversight. This integrated platform enables IT teams to manage resources across multiple environments seamlessly, reducing complexity and optimizing resource utilization.

Dynamic Scalability: Scalability is critical for cloud environments, especially when demand fluctuates. Nerdio’s AI-driven auto-scaling capabilities allow organizations to dynamically adjust resources, enhancing both performance and cost-efficiency. This scalability feature provides a balance of agility and control, allowing enterprises to maintain optimal performance without overspending on unused capacity.

What role does AI play in Nerdio’s auto-scaling and cost optimization features?

AI plays a transformative role in Nerdio’s auto-scaling and cost optimization features by driving what we call smart automation. Through AI algorithms, we predict resource demand based on historical usage patterns, enabling systems to automatically scale up or down to precisely match user needs. This predictive capability minimizes over-provisioning and avoids idle resources, which translates directly into substantial cost savings.

Our AI also proactively identifies inefficiencies, like underutilized VMs, and offers tailored recommendations for actions such as resizing or decommissioning resources to optimize cloud spend. With tools like Nerdios’s AssistPro’s genAI bot, we take this a step further by automating complex configurations and task setups, allowing users to manage resources more quickly and accurately, reducing manual errors, and enhancing cost efficiency.

Beyond automation, AI in Nerdio ensures proactive management of resources by analyzing shifts in demand and usage trends. This empowers IT teams to make data-driven decisions with ease, knowing they’re maximizing performance while keeping costs as low as possible. At Nerdio, AI isn’t just about making things easier—it’s about ensuring customers consistently achieve the best performance for the least investment, all with minimal effort.   In what ways is Nerdio using AI to improve the user experience for IT professionals managing cloud services?

To enhance the user experience for IT professionals managing cloud services, Nerdio uses AI in several ways to streamline workflows, reduce repetitive tasks, and empower IT teams with self-service options:

Self-Service Automations for End-Users: Nerdio’s AI-driven automation enables end-users to perform routine tasks, like starting or stopping virtual desktops, without requiring IT intervention. This feature reduces the administrative burden on IT teams, freeing them up to focus on higher-priority tasks while still ensuring end-users have quick, easy access to essential functions.

Intelligent Recommendations and Troubleshooting: AI proactively identifies common issues in cloud environments, offering suggestions to resolve potential problems before they escalate. This predictive troubleshooting not only reduces downtime but also provides IT professionals with helpful insights to address recurring challenges, enhancing overall cloud performance and reliability.

Guided Configuration and Optimization: Through tools like AssistPro’s genAI bot, Nerdio simplifies complex configurations, guiding users step-by-step in resource setup and optimization. This AI-guided assistance minimizes human error and makes configuring resources more intuitive, especially for IT teams new to managing large-scale cloud deployments.

Customizable Automation Policies: Nerdio’s AI allows IT professionals to set and modify policies that automate common workflows, from managing resource allocation to scheduling desktop availability based on usage trends. This flexibility enables teams to create a custom automation experience that aligns with their organization’s specific needs and usage patterns.

Enhanced Security Through Automated Policy Enforcement: Nerdio leverages AI to monitor for compliance issues and enforce security policies, minimizing risks while ensuring that only authorized users have access to sensitive cloud resources. This level of automation not only boosts security but also relieves IT teams from manual monitoring tasks.

As an innovative technologist, what future trends in AI and cloud management do you see shaping the industry?

Future trends in AI and cloud management are poised to redefine the industry, particularly through hyper-automation, cost governance, and advanced observability. AI-driven systems will enable autonomous, self-healing cloud environments that predictively manage resources and resolve issues, minimizing manual intervention. Cost optimization will become more sophisticated, with AI offering granular insights and automatically managing idle resources to ensure efficient cloud spending. Observability, powered by AI, will allow for deeper visibility into cloud infrastructure, with real-time analytics detecting and addressing performance and security issues proactively. Additionally, AI will streamline multi-cloud orchestration, ensuring optimal workload placement across environments, while sustainability-focused AI will suggest greener cloud practices. Enhanced DevOps and conversational AI will simplify IT management, making cloud operations more intuitive and responsive to organizational goals.

Thank you for the great interview, readers who wish to learn more should visit Nerdio. 

[marketinformation]

Artificial Intelligence Market Size, Share, Market Intelligence, Company Profiles And Trends Forecast To 2025

Artificial Intelligence Market Share is valued at USD 23.94 Billion in 2018 and expected to reach USD 208.49 Billion by 2025 with the CAGR of 36.2% over the forecast period.

The report covers comprehensive data on emerging trends, market drivers, growth opportunities, and restraints that can change the market dynamics of the report. It provides an in-depth analysis of the market segments which include products, applications, and end-user applications

Key Benefits for Market Report–

·        Global market report covers in depth historical and forecast analysis.

·        Global market research report provides detail information about Market Introduction, Market Summary, Global market Revenue (Revenue USD), Market Drivers, Market Restraints, Market opportunities, Competitive Analysis, Regional and Country Level.

·        Global market report helps to identify opportunities in market place.

·        Global market report covers extensive analysis of emerging trends and competitive landscape.

 This report also includes a complete analysis of industry players that cover their latest developments, product portfolio, pricing, mergers, acquisitions, and collaborations. Moreover, it provides crucial strategies that are helping them to expand their market share. The Artificial Intelligence Market research report is prepared by implying robust research methodology and including Porter’s Five Forces analysis to provide the complex matrix of the market.

Get Sample Informative Details @ https://brandessenceresearch.com/technology-and-media/artificial-intelligence-market-industry

Significant Players of this Global Artificial Intelligence Market:

Global Artificial intelligence market report covers prominent players like Alphabet (Google Inc.), Apple Inc., Baidu, IBM Corporation, IPsoft, Microsoft Corporation, MicroStrategy, Inc., NVIDIA, Qlik Technologies Inc, Verint Systems Inc. and others.

Segmentation Analysis:

Market Segmentation:–

By Technology:

Machine learning

Natural language processing

Image processing

Speech recognition

By End-User:

Media & advertising

BFSI

IT & telecom

Retail

Healthcare

Automotive & transportation

Others

By Regional & Country Analysis:

 U.S.

 Canada

 U.K.

 France

 Germany

 Italy

 China

 Japan

 India

 Southeast Asia

 Brazil

 Mexico

 GCC

 Africa

 Rest of Middle East and Africa

Geographically, this report split global into several key Regions, revenue (Million USD) the geography (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America and Middle East & Africa) focusing on key countries in each region. It also covers market drivers, restraints, opportunities, challenges, and key issues in Global Post-Consumer Artificial Intelligence Market.

Key Benefits for Artificial Intelligence Market Reports

The analysis provides an exhaustive investigation of the global Post-Consumer Artificial Intelligence market together with the future projections to assess the investment feasibility. Furthermore, the report includes both quantitative and qualitative analyses of the Post-Consumer Artificial Intelligence market throughout the forecast period. The report also comprehends business opportunities and scope for expansion. Besides this, it provides insights into market threats or barriers and the impact of regulatory framework to give an executive-level blueprint the Post-Consumer Artificial Intelligence market. This is done with an aim of helping companies in

Key Features of the Report:

Artificial Intelligence Market Structure: Overview, Industry PESTEL Analysis and Supply Chain Analysis

Competitive Landscape and Dynamics: Artificial Intelligence Market share, Product Portfolio, Product Launches, and so on.

Attractive Artificial Intelligence market segments and associated growth opportunities.

Key development open doors for the present and new players of Artificial Intelligence.

Key Growth factors.

Global Artificial Intelligence Markets: Countries and Regions

North America, Asia-Pacific, UK, Europe, Central & South America, Middle East & Africa

Frequently asked questions (FAQs) about the report

Can the report be customized according to the requirements?

Yes. The Artificial Intelligence market report can be customized according to your needs. For instance, the company can be profiled you ask for while specific region/country analysis can be focused that meets your interests. You can talk to our research analyst about your exact requirements and UMR will accordingly tailor the required report.

Can we narrow the available business segments?

Yes, the market report can be further segmented on the basis of data availability and feasibility. We can provide a further breakdown in product types and applications (if applicable) by size, volume, or revenue. In the market segmentation part, the latest product developments and customer behavior insights are also included to give an in-depth analysis of the market.

Does the report cover COVID-19 impact and  future market projections?

Yes. The market research report covers the detailed analysis of COVID-19 impact on the market. Our research team has been monitoring the market closely while it has been conducting interviews with the industry experts to get better insights on the present and future implications of the COVID-19 virus on the market.

The market report provides vital information on the strategies deployed by industry players during the COVID-19 crisis to maintain their position in the market. Along with this, it also shares crucial data on product developments due to the inevitable pandemic across the globe.

Chapter - Report Methodology

1.1. Research Process

1.2. Primary Research

1.3. Secondary Research

1.4. Market Size Estimates

1.5. Data Triangulation

1.6. Forecast Model

1.7. USP’s of Report

1.8. Report Description

Chapter – Global Artificial Intelligence     Market Overview: Qualitative Analysis

2.1. Market Introduction

2.2. Executive Summary

2.3. Global Artificial Intelligence Market Classification

2.4. Market Drivers

2.5. Market Restraints

2.6. Market Opportunity

2.7. Artificial Intelligence Market: Trends

2.8. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis

2.9. Market Attractiveness Analysis

 About Us

We publish market research reports & business insights produced by highly qualified and experienced industry analysts. Our research reports are available in a wide range of industry verticals including aviation, food & beverage, healthcare, ICT, Construction, Chemicals and lot more. Brand Essence Market Research report will be best fit for senior executives, business development managers, marketing managers, consultants, CEOs, CIOs, COOs, and Directors, governments, agencies, organizations and Ph.D. Students.

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300+ TOP ORACLE Database Interview Questions and Answers

ORACLE Database Interview Questions for freshers experienced :-

1. What Is Oracle? Oracle is a company. Oracle is also a database server, which manages data in a very structured way. It allows users to store and retrieve related data in a multiuser environment so that many users can concurrently access the same data. All this is accomplished while delivering high performance. A database server also prevents unauthorized access and provides efficient solutions for failure recovery. 2. What Is an Oracle Database? An Oracle database is a collection of data treated as a big unit in the database server. 3. What Is an Oracle Instance? Every running Oracle database is associated with an Oracle instance. When a database is started on a database server (regardless of the type of computer), Oracle allocates a memory area called the System Global Area (SGA) and starts one or more Oracle processes. This combination of the SGA and the Oracle processes is called an Oracle instance. The memory and processes of an instance manage the associated database's data efficiently and serve the one or multiple users of the database. 4. What Is a Parameter File in Oracle? A parameter file is a file that contains a list of initialization parameters and a value for each parameter. You specify initialization parameters in a parameter file that reflect your particular installation. Oracle supports the following two types of parameter files: * Server Parameter Files - Binary version. Persistent. * Initialization Parameter Files - Text version. Not persistent. 5. What Is a Server Parameter File in Oracle? A server parameter file is a binary file that acts as a repository for initialization parameters. The server parameter file can reside on the machine where the Oracle database server executes. Initialization parameters stored in a server parameter file are persistent, in that any changes made to the parameters while an instance is running can persist across instance shutdown and startup. 6. What Is a Initialization Parameter File in Oracle? An initialization parameter file is a text file that contains a list of initialization parameters. The file should be written in the client's default character set. Sample initialization parameter files are provided on the Oracle distribution medium for each operating system. A sample file is sufficient for initial use, but you will probably want to modify the file to tune the database for best performance. Any changes will take effect after you completely shut down and restart the instance. 7. What is System Global Area (SGA) in Oracle? The System Global Area (SGA) is a memory area that contains data shared between all database users such as buffer cache and a shared pool of SQL statements. The SGA is allocated in memory when an Oracle database instance is started, and any change in the value will take effect at the next startup. 8. What is Program Global Area (PGA) in Oracle? A Program Global Area (PGA) is a memory buffer that is allocated for each individual database session and it contains session specific information such as SQL statement data or buffers used for sorting. The value specifies the total memory allocated by all sessions, and changes will take effect as new sessions are started. 9. What Is a User Account in Oracle? A user account is identified by a user name and defines the user's attributes, including the following: Password for database authentication Privileges and roles Default tablespace for database objects Default temporary tablespace for query processing work space 10. What Is the Relation of a User Account and a Schema in Oracle? User accounts and schemas have a one-to-one relation. When you create a user, you are also implicitly creating a schema for that user. A schema is a logical container for the database objects (such as tables, views, triggers, and so on) that the user creates. The schema name is the same as the user name, and can be used to unambiguously refer to objects owned by the user.

ORACLE Database Interview Questions 11. What Is a User Role in Oracle? A user role is a group of privileges. Privileges are assigned to users through user roles. You create new roles, grant privileges to the roles, and then grant roles to users. 12. What is a Database Schema in Oracle? A schema is a collection of logical structures of data, or schema objects. A schema is owned by a database user and has the same name as that user. Each user owns a single schema. Schema objects can be created and manipulated with SQL and include: tables, views, and other types of data objects. 13. What Is a Database Table in Oracle? A database table is a basic unit of data logical storage in an Oracle database. Data is stored in rows and columns. You define a table with a table name, such as employees, and a set of columns. You give each column a column name, such as employee_id, last_name, and job_id; a datatype, such as VARCHAR2, DATE, or NUMBER; and a width. The width can be predetermined by the datatype, as in DATE. If columns are of the NUMBER datatype, define precision and scale instead of width. A row is a collection of column information corresponding to a single record. 14. What Is a Table Index in Oracle? Index is an optional structure associated with a table that allow SQL statements to execute more quickly against a table. Just as the index in this manual helps you locate information faster than if there were no index, an Oracle Database index provides a faster access path to table data. You can use indexes without rewriting any queries. Your results are the same, but you see them more quickly. 15. What Is an Oracle Tablespace? An Oracle tablespace is a big unit of logical storage in an Oracle database. It is managed and used by the Oracle server to store structures data objects, like tables and indexes. 16. What Is an Oracle Data File? An Oracle data file is a big unit of physical storage in the OS file system. One or many Oracle data files are organized together to provide physical storage to a single Oracle tablespace. 17. What Is a Static Data Dictionary in Oracle? Data dictionary tables are not directly accessible, but you can access information in them through data dictionary views. To list the data dictionary views available to you, query the view DICTIONARY. Many data dictionary tables have three corresponding views: * An ALL_ view displays all the information accessible to the current user, including information from the current user's schema as well as information from objects in other schemas, if the current user has access to those objects by way of grants of privileges or roles. * A DBA_ view displays all relevant information in the entire database. DBA_ views are intended only for administrators. They can be accessed only by users with the SELECT ANY TABLE privilege. This privilege is assigned to the DBA role when the system is initially installed. * A USER_ view displays all the information from the schema of the current user. No special privileges are required to query these views. 18. What Is a Dynamic Performance View in Oracle? Oracle contains a set of underlying views that are maintained by the database server and accessible to the database administrator user SYS. These views are called dynamic performance views because they are continuously updated while a database is open and in use, and their contents relate primarily to performance. Although these views appear to be regular database tables, they are not. These views provide data on internal disk structures and memory structures. You can select from these views, but you can never update or alter them. 19. What Is a Recycle Bin in Oracle? Recycle bin is a logical storage to hold the tables that have been dropped from the database, in case it was dropped in error. Tables in recycle bin can be recovered back into database by the Flashback Drop action. Oracle database recycle save the same purpose as the recycle bin on your Windows desktop. Recycle bin can be turned on or off in the recyclebin=on/off in your parameter file. 20. What Is SQL*Plus? SQL*Plus is an interactive and batch query tool that is installed with every Oracle Database Server or Client installation. It has a command-line user interface, a Windows Graphical User Interface (GUI) and the iSQL*Plus web-based user interface. 21. What Is Transport Network Substrate (TNS) in Oracle? TNS, Transport Network Substrate, is a foundation technology, built into the Oracle Net foundation layer that works with any standard network transport protocol. 22. What Is Open Database Communication (ODBC) in Oracle? ODBC, Open Database Communication, a standard API (application program interface) developed by Microsoft for Windows applications to communicate with database management systems. Oracle offers ODBC drivers to allow Windows applications to connect Oracle server through ODBC. 23. What is Oracle Database 10g Express Edition? Based on Oracle Web site: Oracle Database 10g Express Edition (Oracle Database XE) is an entry-level, small-footprint database based on the Oracle Database 10g Release 2 code base that's free to develop, deploy, and distribute; fast to download; and simple to administer. Oracle Database XE is a great starter database for: Developers working on PHP, Java, .NET, and Open Source applications DBAs who need a free, starter database for training and deployment Independent Software Vendors (ISVs) and hardware vendors who want a starter database to distribute free of charge Educational institutions and students who need a free database for their curriculum 24. What Are the Limitations Oracle Database 10g XE? Oracle Database XE is free for runtime usage with the following limitations: Supports up to 4GB of user data (in addition to Oracle system data) Single instance only of Oracle Database XE on any server May be installed on a multiple CPU server, but only executes on one processor in any server May be installed on a server with any amount of memory, but will only use up to 1GB RAM of available memory 25. What Operating Systems Are Supported by Oracle Database 10g XE? Oracle Database 10g Express Edition is available for two types of operating Systems: Linux x86 - Debian, Mandriva, Novell, Red Hat and Ubuntu Microsoft Windows 26. How To Download Oracle Database 10g XE? If you want to download a copy of Oracle Database 10g Express Edition, visit http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/products/database/xe/. If you are using Windows systems, there are downloads available for you: Oracle Database 10g Express Edition (Western European) - Single-byte LATIN1 database for Western European language storage, with the Database Homepage user interface in English only. Oracle Database 10g Express Edition (Universal) - Multi-byte Unicode database for all language deployment, with the Database Homepage user interface available in the following languages: Brazilian Portuguese, Chinese (Simplified and Traditional), English, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean and Spanish. Oracle Database 10g Express Client You need to download the universal edition, OracleXEUniv.exe, (216,933,372 bytes) and client package, OracleXEClient.exe (30,943,220 bytes). 27. How To Install Oracle Database 10g XE? To install 10g universal edition, double click, OracleXEUniv.exe, the install wizard starts. It will guide you to finish the installation process. You should take notes about: The SYSTEM password you selecte: atoztarget. Database server port: 1521. Database HTTP port: 8080. MS Transaction Server port: 2030. The directory where 10g XE is installed: oraclexe Hard disk space taken: 1655MB. 28. How To Check Your Oracle Database 10g XE Installation? If you want to check your fresh installation of 10g Express Edition without using any special client programs, you can use a Web browser with this address, http://localhost:8080/apex/. You will see the login page. Enter SYSTEM as the user name, and the password (atoztarget), you selected during the installation to log into the server. Visit different areas on your 10g XE server home page to make sure your server is running OK. You can also get to your 10g XE server home page by going through the start menu. Select All Programs, then Oracle Database 10g Express Edition, and then Go To Database Home Page 29. How To Shutdown Your 10g XE Server? If you want to shutdown your 10g Express Edition server, go to the Services manager in the control panel. You will a service called OracleServiceXE, which represents your 10g Express Edition server. Select OracleServiceXE, and use the right mouse click to stop this service. This will shutdown your 10g Express Edition server. You can also shutdown your 10g XE server through the start menu. Select All Programs, then Oracle Database 10g Express Edition, and then Stop Database. 30. How To Start Your 10g XE Server? Go to the Start menu, select All Programs, Oracle Database 10g Express Edition, and Start Database. 31. How Much Memory Your 10g XE Server Is Using? Your 10g XE Server is using about 180MB of memory even there is no users on the server. The server memory usage is displayed on your server home page, if you log in as SYSTEM. 32. How To Start Your 10g XE Server from Command Line? You can start your 10g XE server from command line by: Open a command line window. Change directory to oraclexeapporacleproduct10.2.0serverBIN. Run StartDB.bat. The batch file StartDB.bat contains: net start OracleXETNSListener net start OracleServiceXE @oradim -startup -sid XE -starttype inst > nul 2>&1 33. How To Shutdown Your 10g XE Server from Command Line? You can shutdown your 10g XE server from command line by: Open a command line window. Change directory to oraclexeapporacleproduct10.2.0serverBIN. Run StopDB.bat. The batch file StopDB.bat contains: net stop OracleServiceXE 34. How To Unlock the Sample User Account in Oracle? Your 10g XE server comes with a sample database user account called HR. But this account is locked. You must unlock it before you can use it: Log into the server home page as SYSTEM. Click the Administration icon, and then click Database Users. Click the HR schema icon to display the user information for HR. Enter a new password (hr) for HR, and change the status to Unlocked. Click Alter User to save the changes. Now user account HR is ready to use. 35. How To Change System Global Area (SGA) in Oracle? Your 10g XE server has a default setting for System Global Area (SGA) of 140MB. The SGA size can be changed to a new value depending on how many concurrent sessions connecting to your server. If you are running this server just for yourself to improve your DBA skill, you should change the SGA size to 32MB by: Log into the server home page as SYSTEM. Go to Administration, then Memory. Click Configure SGA. Enter the new memory size: 32 Click Apply Changes to save the changes. Re-start your server. 36. How To Change Program Global Area (PGA) in Oracle? Your 10g XE server has a default setting for Program Global Area (PGA) of 40MB. The PGA size can be changed to a new value depending on how much data a single session should be allocated. If you think your session will be short with a small amount of data, you should change the PGA size to 16MB by: Log into the server home page as SYSTEM. Go to Administration, then Memory. Click Configure PGA. Enter the new memory size: 16 Click Apply Changes to save the changes. Re-start your server. 37. What Happens If You Set the SGA Too Low in Oracle? Let's you made a mistake and changed to SGA to 16MB from the SYSTEM admin home page. When you run the batch file StartDB.bat, it will return a message saying server stated. However, if you try to connect to your server home page: http://localhost:8080/apex/, you will get no response. Why? Your server is running, but the default instance XE was not started. If you go the Control Panel and Services, you will see service OracleServiceXE is listed not in the running status. 38. What To Do If the StartBD.bat Failed to Start the XE Instance? If StartBD.bat failed to start the XE instance, you need to try to start the instance with other approaches to get detail error messages on why the instance can not be started. One good approach to start the default instance is to use SQL*Plus. Here is how to use SQL*Plus to start the default instance in a command window: >cd (OracleXE home directory) >.binstartdb >.binsqlplus Enter user-name: SYSTEM Enter password: atoztarget ERROR: ORA-01034: ORACLE not available ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist The first "cd" is to move the current directory the 10g XE home directory. The second command ".binstartdb" is to make sure the TNS listener is running. The third command ".binsqlplus" launches SQL*Plus. The error message "ORA-27101" tells you that there is a memory problem with the default instance. So you can not use the normal login process to the server without a good instance. See other tips on how to log into a server without any instance. 39. How To Login to the Server without an Instance? If your default instance is in trouble, and you can not use the normal login process to reach the server, you can use a special login to log into the server without any instance. Here is how to use SQL*Plus to log in as as a system BDA: >cd (OracleXE home directory) >.binstartdb >.binsqlplus Enter user-name: SYSTEM/atoztarget AS SYSDBA Connected to an idle instance SQL> show instance instance "local" The trick is to put user name, password and login options in a single string as the user name. "AS SYSDBA" tells the server to not start any instance, and connect the session the idle instance. Log in as SYSDBA is very useful for performing DBA tasks. 40. How To Use "startup" Command to Start Default Instance? If you logged in to the server as a SYSDBA, you start the default instance with the "startup" command. Here is how to start the default instance in SQL*Plus in SYSDBA mode: >.binsqlplus Enter user-name: SYSTEM/atoztarget AS SYSDBA Connected to an idle instance SQL> show instance instance "local" SQL> startup ORA-00821: Specified value of sga_target 16M is too small, needs to be at least 20M Now the server is telling you more details about the memory problem on your default instance: your SGA setting of 16MB is too small. It must be increased to at least 20MB. 41. Where Are the Settings Stored for Each Instance in Oracle? Settings for each instance are stored in a file called Server Parameter File (SPFile). Oracle supports two types of parameter files, Text type, and Binary type. parameter files should be located in $ORACLE_HOMEdatabase directory. A parameter file should be named like "init$SID.ora", where $SID is the instance name. 42. What To Do If the Binary SPFile Is Wrong for the Default Instance? Let's say the SPFile for the default instance is a binary file, and some settings are wrong in the SPFile, like SGA setting is bellow 20MB, how do you change a setting in the binary file? This seems to be a hard task, because the binary SPFile is not allowed to be edited manually. It needs to be updated by the server with instance started. But you can not start the instance because the SPFile has a wrong setting. One way to solve the problem is to stop using the binary SPFile, and use a text version of the a parameter file to start the instance. Here is an example of how to use the backup copy (text version) of the parameter file for the default instance to start the instance: >.binsqlplus Enter user-name: SYSTEM/atoztarget AS SYSDBA Connected to an idle instance 43. How To Check the Server Version in Oracle? Oracle server version information is stored in a table called: PRODUCT_COMPONENT_VERSION. You can use a simple SELECT statement to view the version information like this: >.binsqlplus Enter user-name: SYSTEM/atoztarget AS SYSDBA Connected to an idle instance SQL> COL PRODUCT FORMAT A35 SQL> COL VERSION FORMAT A15 SQL> COL STATUS FORMAT A15 SQL> SELECT * FROM PRODUCT_COMPONENT_VERSION; PRODUCT VERSION STATUS ----------------------------------- ----------- ---------- NLSRTL 10.2.0.1.0 Production Oracle Database 10g Express Edition 10.2.0.1.0 Product PL/SQL 10.2.0.1.0 Production TNS for 32-bit Windows: 10.2.0.1.0 Production 44. Explain What Is SQL*Plus? SQL*Plus is an interactive and batch query tool that is installed with every Oracle Database Server or Client installation. It has a command-line user interface, a Windows Graphical User Interface (GUI) and the iSQL*Plus web-based user interface. SQL*Plus has its own commands and environment, and it provides access to the Oracle Database. It enables you to enter and execute SQL, PL/SQL, SQL*Plus and operating system commands to perform the following: Format, perform calculations on, store, and print from query results Examine table and object definitions Develop and run batch scripts Perform database administration You can use SQL*Plus to generate reports interactively, to generate reports as batch processes, and to output the results to text file, to screen, or to HTML file for browsing on the Internet. You can generate reports dynamically using the HTML output facility of SQL*Plus, or using the dynamic reporting capability of iSQL*Plus to run a script from a web page. 45. How To Start the Command-Line SQL*Plus? f you Oracle server or client installed on your windows system, you can start the command-line SQL*Plus in two ways: 1. Click Start > All Programs > Oracle ... > Start SQL Command Line. The SQL*Plus command window will show up with a message like this: SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue ... Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. SQL> 2. Click Start > Run..., enter "cmd" and click OK. A Windows command window will show up. You can then use Windows commands to start the command-line SQL*Plus as shown in the tutorial exercise below: >cd c:oraclexeapporacleproduct10.2.0server >.binsqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue ... Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. 46. How To Get Help at the SQL Prompt? Once SQL*Plus is started, you will get a SQL prompt like this: SQL>. This where you can enter commands for SQL*Plus to run. To get help information at the SQL prompt, you can use the HELP command as shown in the following tutorial example: SQL> HELP INDEX Enter Help for help. @ COPY PAUSE SHUTDOWN @@ DEFINE PRINT SPOOL / DEL PROMPT SQLPLUS ACCEPT DESCRIBE QUIT START APPEND DISCONNECT RECOVER STARTUP ARCHIVE LOG EDIT REMARK STORE ATTRIBUTE EXECUTE REPFOOTER TIMING BREAK EXIT REPHEADER TTITLE ... COMPUTE LIST SET XQUERY CONNECT PASSWORD SHOW SQL> HELP CONNECT CONNECT ------ 47. What Information Is Needed to Connect SQL*Plus an Oracle Server? If you want to connect your SQL*Plus session to an Oracle server, you need to know the following information about this server: The network hostname, or IP address, of the Oracle server. The network port number where the Oracle server is listening for incoming connections. The name of the target database instance managed by the Oracle server. The name of your user account predefined on in the target database instance. The password of your user account predefined on in the target database instance. 48. What Is a Connect Identifier? A "connect identifier" is an identification string of a single set of connection information to a specific target database instance on a specific Oracle server. Connect identifiers are defined and stored in a file called tnsnames.ora located in $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/ directory. Here is one example of a "connect identifier" definition: ggl_XE = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP) (HOST = www.atoztarget.com) (PORT = 1521) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = XE) ) ) The above "connect identifier" defines "TNS_XE" with the following connection information: * The network hostname: www.atoztarget.com. * The network port number: 1521. * The name of the target database instance: XE. 49. How To Connect a SQL*Plus Session to an Oracle Server? In order to connect a SQL*Plus session to an Oracle server, you need to: 1. Obtain the connection information from the Oracle server DBA. 2. Define a new "connect identifier" called "ggl_XE" in your tnsnames.org file with the given connection information. 3. Run the CONNECT command in SQL*Plus as shown in the tutorial exercise below: >cd c:oraclexeapporacleproduct10.2.0server >.binsqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue ... Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. SQL> CONNECT ggl/retneclgg@ggl_XE; Connected. SQL> SELECT SYSDATE FROM DUAL; SYSDATE --------- 05-MAR-06 50. What Happens If You Use a Wrong Connect Identifier? Of course, you will get an error, if you use a wrong connect identifier. Here is an example of how SQL*Plus react to a wrong connect identifier: SQL> CONNECT ggl/retneclgg@WRONG; ERROR: ORA-12154: TNS:could not resolve the connect identifier specified Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE. What you need to do in this case: Check the CONNECT command to make sure that the connect identifier is entered correctly. Check the tnsnames.ora file to make sure that the connect identifier is defined correctly. Check the tnsnames.ora file to make sure that there is no multiple definitions of the same connect identifier. Check your files system to see if you have multiple copies of tnsnames.ora in different Oracle home directories, because you installed multiple versions of Oracle. If you do have multiple copies, make sure your SQL*Plus session is picking up the correct copy of tnsnames.ora. 51. What To Do If DBA Lost the SYSTEM Password? If the DBA lost the password of the SYSTEM user account, he/she can go to the Oracle server machine, and run SQL*Plus on server locally with the operating system authentication method to gain access to the database. The tutorial exercise below shows you how: (Terminal server to the Oracle server machine) (Start SQL*Plus) SQL>CONNECT / AS SYSDBA Connected. SQL> ALTER USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY ssap_lgg; User altered. Notice that the (/) in the CONNECT command tells SQL*Plus to use the current user on local operating system as the connection authentication method. 52. What Types of Commands Can Be Executed in SQL*Plus? There are 4 types of commands you can run at the SQL*Plus command line prompt: 1. SQL commands - Standard SQL statements to be executed on target database on the Oracle server. For example: "SELECT * FROM ggl_faq;" is a SQL command. 2. PL/SQL commands - PL/SQL statements to be executed by the Oracle server. For example: "EXECUTE DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Welcome to www.atoztarget.com')" runs a PL/SQL command. SQL*Plus commands - Commands to be executed by the local SQL*Plus program itself. For example: "SET NULL 'NULL'" is a SQL*Plus command. OS commands - Commands to be executed by the local operating system. For example: "HOST dir" runs an operating system command on the local machine. 53. How To Run SQL Commands in SQL*Plus? If you want to run a SQL command in SQL*Plus, you need to enter the SQL command in one or more lines and terminated with (;). The tutorial exercise below shows a good example: SQL> SELECT 'Welcome!' FROM DUAL; 'WELCOME -------- Welcome! SQL> SELECT 'Welcome to atoztarget.com tutorials!' 2 FROM DUAL 3 ; 'WELCOMETOatoztarget.COMTUTORIALS!' ----------------------------------- Welcome to atoztarget.com tutorials! 54. How To Run PL/SQL Statements in SQL*Plus? If you want to run a single PL/SQL statement in SQL*Plus, you need to use the EXECUTE command as shown in the following tutorial example: SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON SQL> EXECUTE DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Welcome to atoztarget!') Welcome to atoztarget! PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. 55. How To Change SQL*Plus System Settings? SQL*Plus environment is controlled a big list of SQL*Plus system settings. You can change them by using the SET command as shown in the following list: * SET AUTOCOMMIT OFF - Turns off the auto-commit feature. * SET FEEDBACK OFF - Stops displaying the "27 rows selected." message at the end of the query output. * SET HEADING OFF - Stops displaying the header line of the query output. * SET LINESIZE 256 - Sets the number of characters per line when displaying the query output. * SET NEWPAGE 2 - Sets 2 blank lines to be displayed on each page of the query output. * SET NEWPAGE NONE - Sets for no blank lines to be displayed on each page of the query output. * SET NULL 'null' - Asks SQL*Plus to display 'null' for columns that have null values in the query output. * SET PAGESIZE 60 - Sets the number of lines per page when displaying the query output. * SET TIMING ON - Asks SQL*Plus to display the command execution timing data. * SET WRAP OFF - Turns off the wrapping feature when displaying query output. 56. How To Look at the Current SQL*Plus System Settings? If you want to see the current values of SQL*Plus system settings, you can use the SHOW command as shown in the following tutorial exercise: SQL> SHOW AUTOCOMMIT autocommit OFF SQL> SHOW HEADING heading ON SQL> SHOW LINESIZE linesize 80 SQL> SHOW PAGESIZE pagesize 14 SQL> SHOW FEEDBACK FEEDBACK ON for 6 or more rows SQL> SHOW TIMING timing OFF SQL> SHOW NULL null "" SQL> SHOW ALL appinfo is OFF and set to "SQL*Plus" arraysize 15 autocommit OFF autoprint OFF autorecovery OFF autotrace OFF blockterminator "." (hex 2e) cmdsep OFF colsep " " compatibility version NATIVE concat "." (hex 2e) copycommit 0 COPYTYPECHECK is ON define "&" (hex 26) describe DEPTH 1 LINENUM OFF INDENT ON echo OFF 57. What Are SQL*Plus Environment Variables? Behaviors of SQL*Plus are also controlled a some environment variables predefined on the local operating system. Here are some commonly used SQL*Plus environment variables: * ORACLE_HOME - The home directory where your Oracle client application is installed. * PATH - A list of directories where SQL*Plus will search for executable or DLL files. PATH should include $ORACLE_HOMEbin. * SQLPLUS - The directory where localization messages are stored. SQLPLUS should be set to $ORACLE_HOMEsqlplusmesg * TNS_ADMIN - The directory where the connect identifier file, tnsnames.ora is located. TNS_ADMIN should be set to $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin. 58. How To Generate Query Output in HTML Format? If you want your query output to be generated in HTML format, you can use the "SET MARKUP HTML ON" to turn on the HTML feature. The following tutorial exercise gives you a good example: SQL> connect HR/retneclgg SQL> SET MARKUP HTML ON SQL> SELECT FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, HIRE_DATE 2 FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE FIRST_NAME LIKE 'Joh%'; FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME HIRE_DATE John Seo 12-FEB-98 John Russell 01-OCT-96 59. What Is Output Spooling in SQL*Plus? The output spooling a nice feature of the command-line SQL*Plus tool. If the spooling feature is turned on, SQL*Plus will send a carbon copy of the everything on your screen to a specified local file. Output spooling is used mostly for quick dump of data to local files. Here are the commands to turn on and off output spooling in SQL*Plus: * SPOOL fileName - Turning on output spooling with the specified file. * SPOOL OFF - Turning off output spooling and close the spool file. 60. How To Save Query Output to a Local File? Normally, when you run a SELECT statement in SQL*Plus, the output will be displayed on your screen. If you want the output to be saved to local file, you can use the "SPOOL fileName" command to specify a local file and start the spooling feature. When you are done with your SELECT statement, you need to close the spool file with the "SPOOL OFF" command. The following tutorial exercise gives you a good example: SQL> connect HR/retneclgg SQL> SET HEADING OFF SQL> SET FEEDBACK OFF SQL> SET LINESIZE 1000 SQL> SPOOL tempemployees.lst SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEES; ...... SQL> SPOOL OFF You should get all records in employees.lst with fixed length fields. 61. What Is Input Buffer in SQL*Plus? Input buffer is a nice feature of the command-line SQL*Plus tool. It allows you to revise a multiple-line command and re-run it with a couple of simple commands. By default, input buffer is always turned on in SQL*Plus. The last SQL statement is always stored in the buffer. All you need is to remember to following commonly used commands: * LIST - Displays the SQL statement (the last executed SQL statement) in the buffer. * RUN - Runs the SQL statement in the buffer again. ";" is a quick command equivalent to RUN. * CLEAR BUFFER - Removes the SQL statement in the buffer. * INPUT line - Adds a new line into the buffer. * APPEND text - Appends more text to the last line in the buffer. * DEL - Deletes one line from the buffer. * CHANGE /old/new - Replaces 'old' text with 'new' text in the buffer. 62. How To Revise and Re-Run the Last SQL Command? If executed a long SQL statement, found a mistake in the statement, and you don't want enter that long statement again, you can use the input buffer commands to the correct last statement and re-run it. The following tutorial exercise gives you a good example: SQL> connect HR/retneclgg SQL> SELECT FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, HIRE_DATE 2 FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE FIRST_NAME LIKE 'Joh%'; FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE FIRST_NAME LIKE 'Joh%' * ERROR at line 2: ORA-00942: table or view does not exist SQL> LIST 1 SELECT FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, HIRE_DATE 2* FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE FIRST_NAME LIKE 'Joh%' SQL> CHANGE /EMPLOYEE/EMPLOYEES/ 2* FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE FIRST_NAME LIKE 'Joh%' SQL> RUN (Query output) SQL> INPUT ORDER BY FIRE_DATE SQL> LIST 1 SELECT FIRST_NAME, LAST_NAME, HIRE_DATE 2 FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE FIRST_NAME LIKE 'Joh%' 3* ORDER BY HIRE_DATE SQL> RUN (Query output) SQL> CLEAR BUFFER buffer cleared SQL> LIST SP2-0223: No lines in SQL buffer. 63. How Run SQL*Plus Commands That Are Stored in a Local File? If you have a group of commands that you need to run them repeatedly every day, you can save those commands in a file (called SQL script file), and using the "@fileName" command to run them in SQL*Plus. If you want to try this, create a file called tempinput.sql with: SELECT 'Welcome to' FROM DUAL; SELECT 'atoztarget.com!' FROM DUAL; Then run the "@" command in SQL*Plus as: SQL> connect HR/retneclgg SQL> @tempinput.sql 'WELCOMETO ---------- Welcome to 'atoztarget.COM -------------- atoztarget.com! 64. How To Use SQL*Plus Built-in Timers? If you don't have a stopwatch/timer and want to measure elapsed periods of time, you can SQL*Plus Built-in Timers with the following commands: * TIMING - Displays number of timers. * TIMING START - Starts a new timer with or without a name. * TIMING SHOW - Shows the current time of the named or not-named timer. * TIMING STOP - Stops the named or not-named timer. The following tutorial exercise shows you a good example of using SQL*Plus built-in timers: SQL> TIMING START timer_1 (some seconds later) SQL> TIMING START timer_2 (some seconds later) SQL> TIMING START timer_3 (some seconds later) SQL> TIMING SHOW timer_1 timing for: timer_2 Elapsed: 00:00:19.43 (some seconds later) SQL> TIMING STOP timer_2 timing for: timer_2 Elapsed: 00:00:36.32 SQL> TIMING 2 timing elements in use 65. What Is Oracle Server Autotrace in Oracle? Autotrace is Oracle server feature that generates two statement execution reports very useful for performance tuning: * Statement execution path - Shows you the execution loop logic of a DML statement. * Statement execution statistics - Shows you various execution statistics of a DML statement. To turn on the autotrace feature, the Oracle server DBA need to: * Create a special table called PLAN_TABLE. * Create a special security role called PLUSTRACE. * Grant PLUSTRACE role your user account. 66. How To Set Up Autotrace for a User Account? If an Oracle user wants to use the autotrace feature, you can use the tutorial as an example to create the required table PLAN_TABLE, the required security role PLUSTRACE, and grant the role to that user: SQL> CONNECT HR/retneclgg SQL> @oraclexeapporacleproduct10.2.0server RDBMSADMINUTLXPLAN.SQL Table (HR.PLAN_TABLE) created. SQL> CONNECT / AS SYSDBA SQL> @C:oraclexeapporacleproduct10.2.0server SQLPLUSADMINPLUSTRCE.SQL SQL> drop role plustrace; Role (PLUSTRACE) dropped. SQL> create role plustrace; Role (PLUSTRACE) created. SQL> grant plustrace to dba with admin option; Grant succeeded. SQL> GRANT PLUSTRACE TO HR; Grant succeeded. Remember that PLAN_TABLE table must be created under the user schema HR. 67. How To Get Execution Path Reports on Query Statements? If your user account has autotrace configured by the DBA, you can use the "SET AUTOTRACE ON EXPLAIN" command to turn on execution path reports on query statements. The tutorial exercise bellow shows you a good example: SQL> CONNECT HR/retneclgg SQL> SET AUTOTRACE ON EXPLAIN SQL> SELECT E.LAST_NAME, E.SALARY, J.JOB_TITLE 2 FROM EMPLOYEES E, JOBS J 3 WHERE E.JOB_ID=J.JOB_ID AND E.SALARY>12000; LAST_NAME SALARY JOB_TITLE ----------------- ---------- ----------------------------- King 24000 President Kochhar 17000 Administration Vice President De Haan 17000 Administration Vice President Russell 14000 Sales Manager Partners 13500 Sales Manager Hartstein 13000 Marketing Manager 6 rows selected. 68. How To Get Execution Statistics Reports on Query Statements? If your user account has autotrace configured by the DBA, you can use the "SET AUTOTRACE ON STATISTICS" command to turn on execution statistics reports on query statements. The tutorial exercise bellow shows you a good example: SQL> CONNECT HR/retneclgg SQL> SET AUTOTRACE ON STATISTICS SQL> SELECT E.LAST_NAME, E.SALARY, J.JOB_TITLE 2 FROM EMPLOYEES E, JOBS J 3 WHERE E.JOB_ID=J.JOB_ID AND E.SALARY>12000; LAST_NAME SALARY JOB_TITLE ----------------- ---------- ----------------------------- King 24000 President Kochhar 17000 Administration Vice President De Haan 17000 Administration Vice President Russell 14000 Sales Manager Partners 13500 Sales Manager Hartstein 13000 Marketing Manager 6 rows selected. 69. What Is SQL in Oracle? SQL, SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language), is a language for RDBMS (Relational Database Management Systems). SQL was developed by IBM Corporation. 70. How Many Categories of Data Types in Oracle? Oracles supports the following categories of data types: * Oracle Built-in Datatypes. * ANSI, DB2, and SQL/DS Datatypes. * User-Defined Types. * Oracle-Supplied Types. 71. What Are the Oracle Built-in Data Types? There are 20 Oracle built-in data types, divided into 6 groups: * Character Datatypes - CHAR, NCHAR, NVARCHAR2, VARCHAR2 * Number Datatypes - NUMBER, BINARY_FLOAT, BINARY_DOUBLE * Long and Row Datatypes - LONG, LONG RAW, RAW * Datetime Datatypes - DATE, TIMESTAMP, INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH, INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND * Large Object Datatypes - BLOB, CLOB, NCLOB, BFILE * Row ID Datatypes - ROWID, UROWID 72. What Are the Differences between CHAR and NCHAR in Oracle? Both CHAR and NCHAR are fixed length character data types. But they have the following differences: * CHAR's size is specified in bytes by default. * NCHAR's size is specified in characters by default. A character could be 1 byte to 4 bytes long depending on the character set used. * NCHAR stores characters in Unicode. 73. What Are the Differences between CHAR and VARCHAR2 in Oracle? The main differences between CHAR and VARCHAR2 are: * CHAR stores values in fixed lengths. Values are padded with space characters to match the specified length. * VARCHAR2 stores values in variable lengths. Values are not padded with any characters. 74. What Are the Differences between NUMBER and BINARY_FLOAT in Oracle? The main differences between NUMBER and BINARY_FLOAT in Oracle are: * NUMBER stores values as fixed-point numbers using 1 to 22 bytes. * BINARY_FLOAT stores values as single precision floating-point numbers. 75. What Are the Differences between DATE and TIMESTAMP in Oracle? The main differences between DATE and TIMESTAMP in Oracle are: * DATE stores values as century, year, month, date, hour, minute, and second. * TIMESTAMP stores values as year, month, day, hour, minute, second, and fractional seconds. 76. What Are the Differences between INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH and INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND? The main differences between INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH and INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND are: * INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH stores values as time intervals at the month level. * INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND stores values as time intervals at the fractional seconds level. 77. What Are the Differences between BLOB and CLOB in Oracle? The main differences between BLOB and CLOB in Oracle are: * BLOB stores values as LOB (Large OBject) in bitstreams. * CLOB stores values as LOB (Large OBject) in character steams. 78. What Are the ANSI Data Types Supported in Oracle? The following ANSI data types are supported in Oracle: * CHARACTER(n) / CHAR(n) * CHARACTER VARYING(n) / CHAR VARYING(n) * NATIONAL CHARACTER(n) / NATIONAL CHAR(n) / NCHAR(n) * NATIONAL CHARACTER VARYING(n) / NATIONAL CHAR VARYING(n) / NCHAR VARYING(n) * NUMERIC(p,s) * DECIMAL(p,s) * INTEGER / INT * SMALLINT * FLOAT * DOUBLE PRECISION * REAL 79. How To Write Text Literals in Oracle? There are several ways to write text literals as shown in the following samples: SELECT 'atoztarget.com' FROM DUAL -- The most common format atoztarget.com SELECT 'It''s Sunday!' FROM DUAL -- Single quote escaped It's Sunday! SELECT N'Allo, C''est moi.' FROM DUAL -- National chars Allo, C'est moi. SELECT Q'/It's Sunday!/' FROM DUAL -- Your own delimiter It's Sunday! 80. How To Write Numeric Literals in Oracle? Numeric literals can coded as shown in the following samples: SELECT 255 FROM DUAL -- An integer 255 SELECT -6.34 FROM DUAL -- A regular number -6.34 SELECT 2.14F FROM DUAL -- A single-precision floating point 2.14 SELECT -0.5D FROM DUAL -- A double-precision floating point -0.5 81. How To Write Date and Time Literals in Oracle? Date and time literals can coded as shown in the following samples: SELECT DATE '2002-10-03' FROM DUAL -- ANSI date format 03-OCT-07 SELECT TIMESTAMP '0227-01-31 09:26:50.124' FROM DUAL 31-JAN-07 09.26.50.124000000 AM -- This is ANSI format 82. How To Write Date and Time Interval Literals in Oracle? Date and time interval literals can coded as shown in the following samples: SELECT DATE '2002-10-03' + INTERVAL '123-2' YEAR(3) TO MONTH FROM DUAL -- 123 years and 2 months is added to 2002-10-03 03-DEC-25 SELECT DATE '2002-10-03' + INTERVAL '123' YEAR(3) FROM DUAL -- 123 years is added to 2002-10-03 03-OCT-25 SELECT DATE '2002-10-03' + INTERVAL '299' MONTH(3) FROM DUAL -- 299 months years is added to 2002-10-03 03-SEP-27 SELECT TIMESTAMP '1997-01-31 09:26:50.124' + INTERVAL '4 5:12:10.222' DAY TO SECOND(3) FROM DUAL 04-FEB-97 02.39.00.346000000 PM SELECT TIMESTAMP '1997-01-31 09:26:50.124' + INTERVAL '4 5:12' DAY TO MINUTE FROM DUAL 04-FEB-97 02.38.50.124000000 PM SELECT TIMESTAMP '1997-01-31 09:26:50.124' + INTERVAL '400 5' DAY(3) TO HOUR FROM DUAL 07-MAR-98 02.26.50.124000000 PM SELECT TIMESTAMP '1997-01-31 09:26:50.124' + INTERVAL '400' DAY(3) FROM DUAL 07-MAR-98 09.26.50.124000000 AM SELECT TIMESTAMP '1997-01-31 09:26:50.124' + INTERVAL '11:12:10.2222222' HOUR TO SECOND(7) FROM DUAL 31-JAN-97 08.39.00.346222200 PM 83. How To Convert Numbers to Characters in Oracle? You can convert numeric values to characters by using the TO_CHAR() function as shown in the following examples: SELECT TO_CHAR(4123.4570) FROM DUAL 123.457 SELECT TO_CHAR(4123.457, '$9,999,999.99') FROM DUAL $4,123.46 SELECT TO_CHAR(-4123.457, '9999999.99EEEE') FROM DUAL -4.12E+03 84. How To Convert Characters to Numbers in Oracle? You can convert characters to numbers by using the TO_NUMBER() function as shown in the following examples: SELECT TO_NUMBER('4123.4570') FROM DUAL 4123.457 SELECT TO_NUMBER(' $4,123.46','$9,999,999.99') FROM DUAL 4123.46 SELECT TO_NUMBER(' -4.12E+03') FROM DUAL -4120 85. How To Convert Dates to Characters in Oracle? You can convert dates to characters using the TO_CHAR() function as shown in the following examples: SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'DD-MON-YYYY') FROM DUAL; -- SYSDATE returns the current date 07-MAY-2006 SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY/MM/DD') FROM DUAL; 2006/05/07 SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'MONTH DD, YYYY') FROM DUAL; MAY 07, 2006 SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'fmMONTH DD, YYYY') FROM DUAL; May 7, 2006 SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'fmDAY, MONTH DD, YYYY') FROM DUAL; SUNDAY, MAY 7, 2006 86. How To Convert Characters to Dates in Oracle? You can convert dates to characters using the TO_DATE() function as shown in the following examples: SELECT TO_DATE('07-MAY-2006', 'DD-MON-YYYY') FROM DUAL; 07-MAY-06 SELECT TO_DATE('2006/05/07 ', 'YYYY/MM/DD') FROM DUAL; 07-MAY-06 SELECT TO_DATE('MAY 07, 2006', 'MONTH DD, YYYY') FROM DUAL; 07-MAY-06 SELECT TO_DATE('May 7, 2006', 'fmMONTH DD, YYYY') FROM DUAL; 07-MAY-06 SELECT TO_DATE('SUNDAY, MAY 7, 2006', 'fmDAY, MONTH DD, YYYY') FROM DUAL; 07-MAY-06 87. How To Convert Times to Characters in Oracle? You can convert dates to characters using the TO_CHAR() function as shown in the following examples: SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'HH:MI:SS') FROM DUAL; 04:49:49 SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'HH24:MI:SS.FF') FROM DUAL; -- Error: SYSDATE has no fractional seconds SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSTIMESTAMP, 'HH24:MI:SS.FF9') FROM DUAL; 16:52:57.847000000 SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'SSSSS') FROM DUAL; -- Seconds past midnight 69520 88. How To Convert Characters to Times in Oracle? You can convert dates to characters using the TO_CHAR() function as shown in the following examples: SELECT TO_CHAR(TO_DATE('04:49:49', 'HH:MI:SS'), 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS') FROM DUAL; -- Default date is the first day of the current month 01-MAY-2006 04:49:49 SELECT TO_CHAR(TO_TIMESTAMP('16:52:57.847000000', 'HH24:MI:SS.FF9'), 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS.FF9') FROM DUAL; 01-MAY-2006 16:52:57.847000000 SELECT TO_CHAR(TO_DATE('69520', 'SSSSS'), 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS') FROM DUAL; 01-MAY-2006 19:18:40 89. What Is NULL value in Oracle? NULL is a special value representing "no value" in all data types. NULL can be used on in operations like other values. But most operations has special rules when NULL is involved. The tutorial exercise below shows you some examples: SET NULL 'NULL'; -- Make sure NULL is displayed SELECT NULL FROM DUAL; N - N U L L SELECT NULL + NULL FROM DUAL; NULL+NULL ---------- NULL SELECT NULL + 7 FROM DUAL; NULL+7 ---------- NULL SELECT NULL * 7 FROM DUAL; NULL*7 ---------- NULL SELECT NULL || 'A' FROM DUAL; N - A SELECT NULL + SYSDATE FROM DUAL; NULL+SYSD --------- NULL 90. How To Use NULL as Conditions in Oracle? If you want to compare values against NULL as conditions, you should use the "IS NULL" or "IS NOT NULL" operator. Do not use "=" or "" against NULL. The sample script below shows you some good examples: SELECT 'A' IS NULL FROM DUAL; -- Error: Boolean is not data type. -- Boolean can only be used as conditions SELECT CASE WHEN 'A' IS NULL THEN 'TRUE' ELSE 'FALSE' END FROM DUAL; FALSE SELECT CASE WHEN '' IS NULL THEN 'TRUE' ELSE 'FALSE' END FROM DUAL; TRUE SELECT CASE WHEN 0 IS NULL THEN 'TRUE' ELSE 'FALSE' END FROM DUAL; FALSE SELECT CASE WHEN NULL IS NULL THEN 'TRUE' ELSE 'FALSE' END FROM DUAL; TRUE SELECT CASE WHEN 'A' = NULL THEN 'TRUE' ELSE 'FALSE' END FROM DUAL; -- Do not use "=" FALSE SELECT CASE WHEN 'A' NULL THEN 'TRUE' ELSE 'FALSE' END FROM DUAL; -- Do not use "" FALSE SELECT CASE WHEN NULL = NULL THEN 'TRUE' ELSE 'FALSE' END FROM DUAL; -- Do not use "=" FALSE 91. How To Concatenate Two Text Values in Oracle? There are two ways to concatenate two text values together: * CONCAT() function. * '||' operation. Here is some examples on how to use them: SELECT 'ggl' || 'Center' || '.com' FROM DUAL; atoztarget.com SELECT CONCAT('atoztarget','.com') FROM DUAL; atoztarget.com 92. How To Increment Dates by 1 in Oracle? If you have a date, and you want to increment it by 1. You can do this by adding the date with a date interval. You can also do this by adding the number 1 directly on the date. The tutorial example below shows you how to adding numbers to dates, and take date differences: SELECT TO_DATE('30-APR-06') + 1 FROM DUAL; -- Adding 1 day to a date 01-MAY-06 SELECT TO_DATE('01-MAY-06') - TO_DATE('30-APR-06') FROM DUAL; -- Taking date differences 1 SELECT SYSTIMESTAMP + 1 FROM DUAL; -- The number you add is always in days. 08-MAY-06 SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSTIMESTAMP+1,'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS.FF3') FROM DUAL; -- Error: Adding 1 to a timestamp makes it a date. 93. How To Calculate Date and Time Differences in Oracle? If you want to know how many years, months, days and seconds are there between two dates or times, you can use the date and time interval expressions: YEAR ... TO MONTH and DAY ... TO SECOND. The tutorial exercise below gives you some good examples: SELECT (TO_DATE('01-MAY-2006 16:52:57','DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS') - TO_DATE('31-JAN-1897 09:26:50','DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS')) YEAR(4) TO MONTH FROM DUAL; -- 109 years and 3 months 109-3 SELECT (TO_DATE('01-MAY-2006 16:52:57','DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS') - TO_DATE('31-JAN-1897 09:26:50','DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS')) DAY(9) TO SECOND FROM DUAL; -- 39901 days and some seconds 39901 7:26:7.0 SELECT (TO_TIMESTAMP('01-MAY-2006 16:52:57.847', 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS.FF3') - TO_TIMESTAMP('31-JAN-1897 09:26:50.124', 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS.FF3')) YEAR(4) TO MONTH FROM DUAL; -- 109 years and 3 months 109-3 SELECT (TO_TIMESTAMP('01-MAY-2006 16:52:57.847', 'DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS.FF3') - TO_TIMESTAMP('31-JAN-1897 09:26:50.124','DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS.FF3')) DAY(9) TO SECOND FROM DUAL; -- 39 94. How To Use IN Conditions in Oracle? An IN condition is single value again a list of values. It returns TRUE, if the specified value is in the list. Otherwise, it returns FALSE. Some examples are given in the script below: SELECT CASE WHEN 3 IN (1,2,3,5) THEN 'TRUE' ELSE 'FALSE' END FROM DUAL; TRUE SELECT CASE WHEN 3 NOT IN (1,2,3,5) THEN 'TRUE' ELSE 'FALSE' END FROM DUAL; FALSE SELECT CASE WHEN 'Y' IN ('F','Y','I') THEN 'TRUE' ELSE 'FALSE' END FROM DUAL; TRUE 95. How To Use LIKE Conditions in Oracle? LIKE condition is also called pattern patch. There 3 main rules on using LIKE condition: * '_' is used in the pattern to match any one character. * '%' is used in the pattern to match any zero or more characters. * ESCAPE clause is used to provide the escape character in the pattern. The following script provides you some good pattern matching examples: SELECT CASE WHEN 'atoztarget.com' LIKE '%Center%' THEN 'TRUE' ELSE 'FALSE' END FROM DUAL; TRUE SELECT CASE WHEN 'atoztarget.com' LIKE '%CENTER%' THEN 'TRUE' ELSE 'FALSE' END FROM DUAL; -- Case sensitive by default FALSE SELECT CASE WHEN 'atoztarget.com' LIKE '%Center_com' THEN 'TRUE' ELSE 'FALSE' END FROM DUAL; TRUE SELECT CASE WHEN '100% correct' LIKE '100% %' ESCAPE '' THEN 'TRUE' ELSE 'FALSE' END FROM DUAL; TRUE 96. How To Use Regular Expression in Pattern Match Conditions in Oracle? If you have a pattern that is too complex for LIKE to handle, you can use the regular expression pattern patch function: REGEXP_LIKE(). The following script provides you some good examples: SELECT CASE WHEN REGEXP_LIKE ('atoztarget.com', '.*ggl.*','i') THEN 'TRUE' ELSE 'FALSE' END FROM DUAL; TRUE SELECT CASE WHEN REGEXP_LIKE ('atoztarget.com', '.*com$','i') THEN 'TRUE' ELSE 'FALSE' END FROM DUAL; TRUE SELECT CASE WHEN REGEXP_LIKE ('atoztarget.com', '^F.*','i') THEN 'TRUE' ELSE 'FALSE' END FROM DUAL; TRUE 97. What Are DDL Statements in Oracle? DDL (Data Definition Language) statements are statements to create and manage data objects in the database. The are 3 primary DDL statements: CREATE - Creating a new database object. ALTER - Altering the definition of an existing data object. DROP - Dropping an existing data object. 98. How To Create a New Table in Oracle? If you want to create a new table in your own schema, you can log into the server with your account, and use the CREATE TABLE statement. The following script shows you how to create a table: >.binsqlplus /nolog SQL> connect HR/atoztarget Connected. SQL> CREATE TABLE tip (id NUMBER(5) PRIMARY KEY, subject VARCHAR(80) NOT NULL, description VARCHAR(256) NOT NULL, create_date DATE DEFAULT (sysdate)); Table created. This scripts creates a testing table called "tip" with 4 columns in the schema associated with the log in account "HR". 99. How To Create a New Table by Selecting Rows from Another Table? Let's say you have a table with many data rows, now you want to create a backup copy of this table of all rows or a subset of them, you can use the CREATE TABLE...AS SELECT statement to do this. Here is an example script: >.binsqlplus /nolog SQL> connect HR/atoztarget Connected. SQL> CREATE TABLE emp_dept_10 2 AS SELECT * FROM employees WHERE department_id=10; Table created. SQL> SELECT first_name, last_name, salary 2 FROM emp_dept_10; FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME SALARY -------------------- ------------------------- ---------- Jennifer Whalen 4400 As you can see, this SQL scripts created a table called "emp_dept_10" using the same column definitions as the "employees" table and copied data rows of one department. This is really a quick and easy way to create a table. 100. How To Add a New Column to an Existing Table in Oracle? If you have an existing table with existing data rows, and want to add a new column to that table, you can use the ALTER TABLE ... ADD statement to do this. Here is an example script: SQL> connect HR/atoztarget Connected. SQL> CREATE TABLE emp_dept_110 2 AS SELECT * FROM employees WHERE department_id=110; Table created. SQL> ALTER TABLE emp_dept_110 ADD (vacation NUMBER); Table altered. SQL> SELECT first_name, last_name, vacation 2 FROM emp_dept_110; FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME VACATION -------------------- ------------------------- ---------- Shelley Higgins William Gietz This SQL script added a new column called "vacation" to the "emp_dept_110" table. NULL values were added to this column on all existing data rows. ORACLE Database Questions and Answers Pdf Download Read the full article

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A Complete Guide for MCSA Certification

MCSA stands for Microsoft Certified Solutions Associate. It is kind of IT certification that is meant for the web/software developers and the IT professionals, who want to get a job on the basis of their skills and competency in Microsoft technology. Further, the MCSA windows-server 2016 certification is a first step taken by software professional towards being an MCSE or Microsoft Certified Solutions Expert. MCSA is a qualification that you require to be a computer network specialist, or a network/computer system administrator. All IT professionals who have the tasks related to the designing and building of the IT solutions, which use the various Microsoft technologies should have this certification. The technologies include the Windows Server, Windows, Linux, SQL, Microsoft Dynamics, and Exchange Server among others. The IT certification can easily get you and IT job in any of the Fortune 500 companies.

The  MCSA certification training and program inculcates within you all the skills that are needed for running and managing a new-age data centre. You also get expertise in systems management, identity management, storage, virtualization, and networking. It will get you jobs like Computer Systems Administrator, Network Engineer or the Computer Network Specialist. MCSA certification qualifies you for other certifications as well, and these include:

MCSE or Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer

MCSD or Microsoft Certified Solutions Developer

MCPS or Microsoft Certified Product Specialist

MCT or Microsoft Certified Trainer

MCSA 2016 certification replaces the older Microsoft Certified Systems Administrator course and certification. You as a student can select from a number of specialty areas while learning the new MCSA course. These include:

MCSA Windows Server 2016

MCSA Windows server 2012

Windows 10

MCSA SQL Server 2016

MCSA SQL Server 2012/2014

MCSA Office 365

MCSA Linux on Azure

MCSA: Cloud Platform

Qualifications/Experience/Knowledge

If you know computer basics, the Windows operating system, and networking, you can begin learning MCSA. For joining and learning MCSA, you need to have knowledge about computer basics. You can also qualify for joining the course by processing the  MTA certification .

Fee for Studying MCSA

The combined fee for appearing for all the 3 MCSA course is around $450 ($150 for each exam), and this can be termed as the  MCSA certification cost . The courseware and study material can cost around $376.

Exam Schedules for MCSA Certification

In order to pass the MCSA exam successfully, you need to pass 3 exams. You are awarded the certification of Microsoft Certified Professional when you clear the first 1st exam of the series. A brief description of the MCSA 3-tier exam is given below.

70-410– The 1st examination paper: Concerned with the installation and the configuration of the Windows server. A candidate can appear for the other 2 papers when he or she clears this one. This paper also has questions on Hyper-V, administration, and installation of the active directory, creation, and management of the Group policy. It also deals with the various server roles and features.

70-411– The 2nd examination paper: Concerned with the administration of the Windows server. Topics covered under this paper include DCS or Data Collector Sets, WDS or Windows Deployment Services, implementation of the patch management, and the monitoring of the virtual machines and configuring alerts, among others.

Further, the 2nd paper also covers configuration and installation of the DFS namespaces, scheduling the replications, creation of the clone or copied databases, procedures for unlocking of the network, management of the various Bit locker policies, and the settings related to remote differential compression.

70-412– The 3rd examination: Concerned with the configuration of the advanced Windows server. The last exam of the 3 exams series is also the hardest and toughest one. Other than the theoretical aspects of the syllabus, questions in the 3rdtest can also relate to the practical skills attained by the candidate while learning the course.

The 3rd exam asks questions on the configuration and the management of the high availability servers by using the Network Load Balancing procedure, the movement of the virtual machines and the clustering of the failovers. Topics also include optimization of the storage capacity by using the iSCSI target/initiator, the fault tolerance techniques, using backup for recovering from the disasters, and configuration and management of the NFS (Network File System) data store.

Why MCSA For Your Career

MCSA can serve as the foundation stone of your IT career. It helps you gain skills and knowledge that is required to perform several critical tasks related to the modern IT and their inherent responsibilities. MCSA can benefit your career path in the following ways:

Widely recognized. Helps you gain good salary and promotions in a number of leading organizations.

A clear and well-defined career path.

A sustainable career in IT.

Apart from professional benefits, the MCSA course also helps you achieve academic excellence while bringing in the academic responsibilities.

Validates your skill set, helps you focus more on the specific job responsibilities.

Helps you gain more certifications.

Work and show your skills on the core Microsoft platform.

Helps you reduce the business costs and IT costs.

Helps you to best use the servers.

Helps you implement the business continuity and makes you an expert in disaster recovery

Also Read:-  Career Opportunities & Scope After Doing MCSA Certification

The Objectives of the MCSA Course

The MCSA course and certifications has objectives relating to the running of the windows servers. At the end of the certification course you will:

Learn about the installation and configuration of the Microsoft Windows Server

Learn about the deployment and the administration of the server

Gain more proficiency in the configuring of the more advanced Windows servers

Design the various network infrastructure protocols and implement them wisely

How to prepare for MCSA Certification

While you need to process certain basic knowledge for joining the course, for preparing for the 3 papers you have various methods available.

Training through instructors: You can get trained towards the certification at a “Microsoft” training centre. Here trainers who possess the “Microsoft Certified Trainer” certificate will give you both practical and theoretical course information so that you can easily accumulate the required skills. You stand to gain from the exceptional expertise of the passionate and experienced teachers and trainers. You will be able to exploit your own potential fully and comprehensively when you join this training program.

Self-Training: Microsoft has its own website by the name “Microsoft Virtual Academy”.

Book Study: The Microsoft Press Store sells the books for the 3 exams viz. 70-410, 70-411 and 70-412. These books are in the form of e-books. You can also get the hard book of the same content.

Other than the above-given ways, you can also study for the exam by accessing the “Born to Learn” official forum and the Microsoft virtual academy. Here you can find the sample test papers, information, and resources that will help you study for the exam easily. Microsoft TechNet is another platform that can be useful for the candidates.

Related Blog:-  MCSA Interview Questions and Answers

MCSA Salary

An MCSA can easily get a salary above $80,000 easily after attaining 10 years of experience. Those with lesser experience work at a salary of around $50,000. MCSA is also the first step that you take to attain the next Microsoft technology certification in the line, which is MCSE or  Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer . An MCSE gets a salary of around $94,000 or above.

Below are some jobs that you can get after having the MCSA certification and the salaries that are offered to these professionals.

IT (information Technology) Manager- $76,036

Senior Systems Administrator- $81,187

Network Administrator- $56, 441

Network Engineer- $67, 390

IT (Information Technology) Director- $92,670

Senior Systems Engineer- $91, 328

Systems Administrator- $63,404

The MCSA course imparts you solid and comprehensive foundation knowledge so that you can carry with expertise on the career path of computer support expert and specialist. 100% of the recruitment managers and experts find MCSA a useful certification, and more than 91% of them give preference to those who possess it during recruitment.

Growth in Demand in the Coming Years

Studies and surveys indicate that the demand for the MCSA IT professionals will continue to increase in the coming time, and will increase at a rate of 18% each year till the year 2020. This growth will be primarily driven by the companies who create, expand or upgrade their IT department. Other than this, there is also an increase in the demand for the health care services, and this will indirectly fuel the demand for the IT and MCSA professionals.

All  Microsoft certifications  are validations of your expertise and skills in the Microsoft technology. The certified professionals also get access to a plethora of community resources, and can also join the Microsoft community where they can add more skills and knowledge, communicate with their peers towards exchanging information, and also get number of career opportunities. Microsoft offers the most popular and highly successful server infrastructure, and anyone who wants to make a career in this area should opt for the MCSA course and certification instantly.