#Massacre of Amritsar

[stairnaheireann]

#OTD in 1920 – On hearing of British atrocities in Ireland, soldiers of the Connaught Rangers mutiny in protest; three are shot dead; a fourth, Private James Daly, is court-martialled and executed by firing squad.

The Connaught Rangers (The Devil’s Own) was an Irish line infantry regiment of the British Army originally raised in 1793 as the 88th Regiment of Foot (Connaught Rangers), which gained a reputation both for indiscipline and for its prowess as shock troops and streetfighters with the bayonet while serving under the Duke of Wellington during the Peninsular War in Spain. James Daly, a native of Co…

[delhiboyashish]

Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar Jallianwala Bagh is a historic garden and 'memorial of national importance' close to the Golden Temple complex in Amritsar, Punjab, India, preserved in the memory of those wounded and killed in the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre that took place on the site on the festival of Baisakhi, 13 April 1919. Owner: Jallianwala Bagh National Memorial Trust Area: 7-acre (28,000 m2) Original use: Garden #jallianwalabagh #amritsar #jallianwalabaghmassacre #punjab #india #jallianwala #goldentemple #jallianwalabaghmemorial #massacre #jallianwalabaghtragedy #jallianwalamassacre #bagh #travel #incredibleindia #proudindian #martyr #jallianwalabaghmasscare #salute #instaamritsar #follow #proudindia #photooftheday #indianarmy #indian #delhiboyashish #lalalajpatrai #soldier #traveldiaries #jallikattu #photography (at Jalianwala Bagh, Amritsar) https://www.instagram.com/p/CpJgb4SBSRX/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[hlaas]

the uk riots are something else. only the british could complain about being “infested” by immigrants whilst never being victims of colonisation in history where they could feel consequences in the present themselves.

funny how the british people can whine about the “safety of their children” while under 100 years ago, the british empire:

orchestrated famines in south asia killing upwards of 29 million people to the point of genetic alternation in south asians, where they are now predisposed to diabetes and other health issues due to their ingrained auto-survival response to their ancestors famine experiences

shot innocent protestors IN THEIR HOME COUNTRIES and were rewarded for it. i.e. amritsar massacre where ~1000 were killed (the general who ordered the continued killing of protestors, brigadier dyer, was also awarded £26,000 as a show of gratitude), mau mau uprising suppression where it is estimated ~100,000-200,000 died, 5000 were tortured, girls were raped, women were brutalised, and men were mistreated. the british government’s only comments towards this now are that they said they “sincerely regret” this took place. 75 men were killed in batang kali, kuala lumpur (1948) which had generational effects on families. the nyasaland massacre in malawi where 33 peaceful protestors were shot down and buried in a mass grave. bloody sunday, where british soldiers shot 26 unarmed civilians in northern ireland.

the british uprooted south asians in 1947 when cyril radcliffe drew borders between india and pakistan OVER HIS LUNCH, where he split the sub-continent up, ultimately uprooting over 10 million people and causing religious and cultural divisions to ensue as up to 1 million people lost their lives as a result of sectarian killings.

when the british plundered the state of india during its colonisation with figures of up to $45 trillion during the period 1765 to 1938 which apparently “doesn’t matter now” according to the british people in these riots as the past is the past and yet reparations of $45 trillion could make or break india in its current situation and could stop the “mass immigration” if such reparations were paid to help build back the country.

the united kingdom is required to pay £9.5 trillion in reparations to jamaica.

this is not even the tip of the iceberg. and yet not one of us ACTUALLY AFFECTED BY THE BRITISH EMPIRE’S ATROCITIES are complaining as much as we should be. why? because we have moved on. to the british people saying the “past is the past” WHAT DO YOU HAVE TO MOVE ON FROM? PAY YOUR PRICE. WE MOVED ON BECAUSE WE HAVE TO. YOU DONT GET TO MOVE ON. YOUR ANCESTORS DIDNT GET TO PAY, SO DONT COMPLAIN ABOUT THE SAFETY OF YOUR CHILDREN OR AN INFESTATION OF UNWELCOME IMMIGRANTS. WHAT DID YOUR ANCESTORS DO WHEN OUR ANCESTORS WORRIED FOR THE SAFETY OF THEIR CHILDREN? FROM THE GREEDY, EVIL, BLOODTHIRSTY, RAPING, MASSACRING, SILENCING, WHITE MAN? THEY SHOT OUR ANCESTORS, STARVED THEM, RAPED THEM, BRUTALISED THEM, SILENCED THEM. SO DO NOT COMPLAIN ABOUT YOUR MOTHERLAND’S RUINATION, WHAT GOES AROUND COMES AROUND AND YOUR PETTY PATRIOTISM CANNOT STOP IT, YOUR THUGGERY AND ANGER MEAN NOTHING AGAINST THE UNIVERSAL SCALES OF BALANCE.

[literary-illuminati]

So I had heard of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre before (if as the 'Amritsar massacre') and the colonial government trying to cover it up after the fact, but the fact that even after everything came out and the facts were all public the officer responsible was such a hero among the colonial elite that they basically crowd-funded him a quarter-million pound (in today's money) bonus is actually kind of shocking.

I mean it shouldn't be, really. Compare like My Lai. But still.

[workingclasshistory]

On this day, 13 April 1919, the Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place in Amritsar, India, when British troops opened fire on a crowd of predominantly Sikh pilgrims, murdering up to 1,000 or more people and injuring many more. As well as pilgrims, there were large numbers of Muslims and Hindus, many of whom were farmers, traders and merchants attending a horse and cattle fair. The youngest victim was just six weeks old. The killings were not reported in Britain until December that year, and no one charged with any offence. The incident sparked widespread outrage and led to the non-cooperation movement which began the following year. In 1940 an Indian independence activist who was wounded in the massacre, Udnam Singh, assassinated the Lieutenant Governor who was responsible, and was subsequently executed. More information, sources and map: https://stories.workingclasshistory.com/article/8446/jallianwala-bagh-massacre https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=607960454710507&set=a.602588028581083&type=3

[handweavers]

listening to a thing on the connaught rangers mutiny which was a regiment of irish soldiers stationed in jalandhar, punjab who declared mutiny from the british army after the massacre in amritsar that was carried out by a pro-empire irish governor and officer as well as the easter uprising and subsequent rampages of the black and tans in 1920 in ireland. they recognized that what they were doing in india and to indian people was similar to what the black and tans were doing to the irish people and they could no longer support the empire or the king of england, and most of them were imprisoned and their leader james daly was executed by firing squad.

being both punjabi and irish its hard to reconcile my ancestry sometimes especially knowing the role that many irish people played in british imperialism outside of europe (including the unfortunate pro-empire beliefs of my own irish ancestors whom i've met lol) so learning about this specific instance of solidarity among both sides of my ancestors feels quite personal in a way that i can't fully articulate

[ivorytome]

1984: The Riots, The Death of Indira Gandhi, and the Sikh Struggle Against Racism

This post presents an unapologetic perspective on the events of 1984 and their aftermath. It reflects a personal and uncompromising stance rooted in the Sikh experience. If you are uncomfortable with confronting harsh truths or unwavering views, I suggest you read no further.

This isn’t just another blog post. As a Sikh, what I’m about to share is not just history; it’s a part of who I am. The events of 1984 resonate with me on a deeply personal level. They’re a reminder of the battles my community has faced, the injustice endured, and the resilience we’ve carried through it all. This story is cold, hard truth—a truth that many would rather forget or distort, but one that we, as Sikhs, carry as a badge of honor, for it reminds us of who we are: strong, sovereign, and unyielding.

The Assassination of Indira Gandhi: The Spark

On October 31, 1984, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was assassinated by two of her Sikh bodyguards, Satwant Singh and Beant Singh. This was not a senseless act of violence. It was an act of justice. The assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was not an isolated event but a direct response to an assault on the heart of Sikh faith. Satwant Singh and Beant Singh did what was right. They stood up for their faith, for the desecration of the Guru’s home, and for the dignity of Sikhs. Their actions were a direct and justified response to the sacrilege committed by the Indian government. This was not revenge; it was a statement that the Sikh spirit cannot and will not tolerate injustice or the destruction of what is sacred to us. Earlier that year, the Indian government, under her orders, launched Operation Blue Star, a military operation to remove militants from the Golden Temple in Amritsar. But what was supposed to be a targeted mission turned into a brutal desecration of our holiest site. Tanks rolled into the temple complex, bullets flew across the sacred ground where Sikhs had prayed for centuries, and blood was spilled where peace should have reigned.

The 1984 Anti-Sikh Riots: A Calculated Massacre

What followed her assassination wasn’t a riot. It was a massacre. Mobs, armed with voter lists and the backing of political leaders, targeted Sikhs in a wave of organized violence. Men were dragged from their homes, women were brutalized, children were slaughtered—all because they wore turbans, all because they were Sikhs. The death toll reached thousands, though the scars left on the survivors are countless.

This was not the work of a random mob. This was state-sponsored terror. Sikh homes and businesses were burned, gurdwaras desecrated, and the very identity of being Sikh was turned into a death sentence. The perpetrators walked free; their crimes shielded by political powers that were meant to protect every Indian citizen but chose to turn a blind eye instead.

After 1984: The Weight of Stereotypes and Racism

In the years that followed, being Sikh became synonymous with being a target. Racism against Sikhs wasn’t just casual—it was venomous, pointed, and deliberate. We were called “Khalistani” as if the demand for justice equated to extremism. Sikhs, even those with no involvement in any political movement, were labeled as “terrorists.” People spat the word "Khalistani" without knowing what it meant—without understanding the roots of the movement or the grievances that led to it. It became a slur, a weapon used to dehumanize us, to make us feel like we didn’t belong in our own country.

The irony? Many who used these terms had no real understanding of what "Khalistani" even meant. They failed to grasp that Sikhs who fought for justice and their rights were being unjustly vilified as extremists. The Khalistan movement, which emerged as a call for an independent Sikh state, was a complex issue born out of genuine grievances, but it became a convenient excuse to malign an entire community.

The word “Lassi” too—a seemingly innocent drink, used to strip us of our dignity. These weren’t just taunts. They were attempts to erase our identity, to push us into a corner, to make us feel like foreigners in our own land. People feared the beard, the turban, the kara—symbols of our faith that we hold so dear—because they didn’t understand them. They didn’t try to. Ignorance became an excuse for hate.

The Burden of Racism: Misunderstood and Misrepresented

For Sikhs in India and the diaspora, the post-1984 era became a time of fear and marginalization. Sikhs in schools, workplaces, and even public spaces were subjected to racist jokes, comments, and outright exclusion. The turban, the beard, the kara—all symbols of Sikh identity—became targets for ridicule. Without understanding the historical or cultural significance of these symbols, people lumped Sikhs into harmful stereotypes.

It wasn’t just in India. Globally, Sikhs began to face xenophobia, especially post-9/11, when many were mistakenly identified as terrorists due to their appearance. Sikhs were attacked, harassed, and subjected to constant questioning of their patriotism or loyalty.

The Strength of the Khalsa

But what they didn’t understand is that we, the Sikhs, are a community forged in the fires of persecution. The spirit of the Khalsa, the sovereign and the pure, is not one that bends or breaks easily. When Guru Gobind Singh Ji created the Khalsa in 1699, he made us warriors—warriors for justice, warriors for equality, and warriors who would stand unflinchingly against oppression, even when the world tried to strip us of our identity.

We survived 1984, not because we were shielded, but because our resilience is written in our DNA. Our turbans are not symbols of defiance; they are symbols of sovereignty. Our beards are not symbols of extremism; they are symbols of our discipline and connection to our faith. We do not fear labels like "Khalistani" or "Lassi." We do not flinch in the face of racist slurs.

The Legacy of 1984: Standing Strong

To this day, many Sikhs, including myself, carry the weight of 1984 in our hearts. It is a wound, but it is also a reminder of our strength. The perpetrators of those massacres have not been brought to justice, but the Sikh community has risen time and again, stronger and more unified than before. We have fought for recognition, for the truth to be told, and for the world to understand what we went through.

Racism, whether in India or abroad, has not stopped us. In every country we live, we continue to contribute, to serve, to live by the principles of Guru Nanak Dev Ji and Guru Gobind Singh Ji and the rest of the gurus who sacrificed so much. Our faith teaches us to live with compassion, but it also teaches us never to bow in the face of tyranny.

This is not just a chapter in history—it is the blood and spirit of every Sikh who stands tall today. We do not need to prove our loyalty or our identity to anyone. We are Sikhs. We are Khalsa. And we will never be silenced.

[racefortheironthrone]

Was there any way through which Daeron I first could have successfully conquered and held onto Dorne for a significant amount of time? Or were the Dornish too resiliant to conquest (culturally, geographically, etc) to ever be submited to the Iron Throne in any terms but their own?

There's a great quote from Richard Attenborough's Gandhi, when the eponymous protagonist is meeting with colonial officials in the wake of the Amritsar massacre. There's a back-and-forth exchange that neatly sets out the differences between the Indian nationalist and British imperialist perspectives, but then Gandhi cuts to the chase: "In the end, you will walk out, because 100,000 Englishmen simply cannot control 350,000,000 Indians if those Indians refuse to cooperate."

So to me, the critical turning point of Daeron's war has nothing to do with any decision he makes, or even any decision the ruling class of Dorne makes. It's when, in the wake of the Submission of Sunspeear the Dornish smallfolk refuse to bend the knee as their feudal overlords have done.

Once that happens, I think there is no way to conquer Dorne and consolidate it into the Westerosi polity. It's a fascinating moment, because it feels very contingent. It's not the case that incorporation into Westeros via elite agreement always fails, after all - look what Daeron II and Maron accomplish a few decades later - but this time the smallfolk of Dorne just would not listen to those above them in the ssocial hierarchy.

[rhythmgamer]

My empathy is wack so I think I can handle it probably. Obviously I'll feel bad about what happened but I think I can handle most topics.

okay so. tw for massacres and artificial famine. answer will be under the cut

okay so. first of all there's a Wikipedia page about list of massacres in India. you can go to the colonial India section and look.

in particular, i want to draw your attention to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. I'll copy paste the introduction from Wikipedia here.

"The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919. A large, peaceful crowd had gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, Punjab, British India, to protest the Rowlatt Act and arrest of pro-independence activists Saifuddin Kitchlew and Satyapal. In response to the public gathering, the temporary brigadier general R. E. H. Dyer, surrounded the protesters with his Gurkha, Baloch, Rajput and Sikh troops from 2-9th Gurkhas, the 54th Sikhs and the 59th Scinde Rifles of the British Indian Army.[4] The Jallianwala Bagh could only be exited on one side, as its other three sides were enclosed by buildings. After blocking the exit with his troops, he ordered them to shoot at the crowd, continuing to fire even as the protestors tried to flee. The troops kept on firing until their ammunition was exhausted.[5] Estimates of those killed vary from 379 to 1,500 or more people[1] and over 1,200 other people were injured of whom 192 were seriously injured.[6][7]"

this was like the turning point for Indian Independence movement. the sheer cruelty of the British soldiers at a peaceful gathering shocked the colonial world at that time. the perpetrator, General Dyer, was dismissed from service after this. no other punishment. none. in fact, wait!

this is what he got for massacring over a thousand unarmed people. yeah.

And this is just one incident. one incident of colonial British cruelty upon Indians because we were inferior to them.

oh, I haven't talked of the Bengal famine right?

quoting this article here:

"Policy lapses such as prioritising distribution of vital supplies to the military, civil services and others as well as stopping rice imports and not declaring Bengal famine hit were among the factors that led to the magnitude of the tragedy, historians have maintained."

again, towards the end,

"According to experts, following the Japanese occupation of Burma in 1942, rice imports stopped, and Bengal's market supplies and transport systems were disrupted. The British government also prioritised distribution of vital supplies to the military, civil servants and other "priority classes".

The policy failures began with the provincial government's denial that a famine existed. Humanitarian aid was ineffective through the worst months of the food crisis, and the government never formally declared a state of famine.

It first attempted to influence the price of rice, but these measures created a black market and encouraged sellers to withhold stocks."

so they literally caused a famine in Bengal. my home area. which caused the death of about 1-4 million people. i kid you not

And this does not even scratch the surface of what went on in colonial India

This is. not even 1% of what the British did to colonial India

they never teach you these things because they don't want you people to know the atrocities they'd committed in the past. they just want to paint the picture of a proud nation. no hate to you btw im just a bit mad that they do not teach y'all whatever wrong things they did to other countries. sigh

[whencyclopedia]

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

The 13 April 1919 Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (aka Amritsar Massacre) was an infamous episode of brutality which saw General Dyer order his troops to open fire on an unarmed crowd of men, women, and children trapped in an abandoned walled garden during a Sikh festival. At least 379 people died, and over 1,500 were injured in the massacre.

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place in the context of violent riots in April 1919 in the Punjab and elsewhere. The British authorities had lost control of Amritsar on 11 April, and Dyer had been sent by the Governor of Bengal to restore order. Dyer was unrepentant of his actions, thinking he had displayed the necessary force to prevent a further escalation in the civil unrest that had included the murder of five Europeans. An inquiry after the terrible massacre resulted in Dyer's dismissal from the army. The massacre was one of the most infamous episodes, perhaps the most infamous in the entire history of British colonial rule in India.

Continue reading...

[intheshadowofwar]

21 June 2023

You’re In The Army Now

London 21 June 2023

It was an early start today - I was out the door just after 7.30, catching the Victoria Line to Oxford Circus and the Bakerloo to Paddington. It was already very busy, but there was a laurel at the end of my journey to make braving rush hour a little bearable. It look me a little questioning of staff before I knew whether or not my journey was in vain - it wasn’t - and then I proceeded to sit on Platform One for an hour because I’d massively overestimated how early the train would enter the station. And what locomotive, pray tell, would I go to all this trouble for?

If you know your trains, you could probably make an educated guess.

Built a century ago this year, No. 4472 - ahem, 60103 Flying Scotsman needs absolutely no introduction. Today she is the Kardashian of locomotives - she is famous for being famous. Unlike the Kardashians, that fame is well earned - namesake of the famed Flying Scotsman express, first non-stop run from London to Edinburgh in 1928, first (sort of) authenticated 100mph by a steam locomotive in 1934, one of the first privately preserved steam locomotives. She toured the United States (even though we don’t like to talk about how that one nearly ended) and Australia, making the longest non-stop run by a steam locomotive ever between Parkes and Broken Hill. To her detractors, she’s the ‘flying moneypit,’ bankrupting every owner since 1963. To her fans, she’s the most famous steam locomotive in the world, Sir Nigel Gresley’s masterpiece. And at long, long last, I have seen her in steam.

Basically, do you know how monarchists get really excited about seeing the King? This is my version of that.

After her departure at 9.40, I headed on the Circle Line to Sloane Square, walking through Chelsea and past the famed hospital there to the National Army Museum. The NAM is basically the cooler, hipper IWM, in my opinion. It perhaps benefits from a narrow subject matter; specifically Britain, and specifically the British Army. Without becoming too complicated, it does a much better job at contextualising its exhibits than the IWM, without shying away from the controversies and horrors of war. Do you think, for example, that the Australian War Memorial would stock a book about the massacre of Surafend, in the way the NAM stocks one on the British organised mass slaughter of Amritsar?

When I talk about museums, as you probably know by now, I like to mention an exhibit that struck me, and the exhibit in question at the NAM was more recent than you might expect. While I could discuss the saw that amputated the Earl of Uxbridge’s leg again - the fact that it still exists makes me very happy - I’ll instead mention a ruined L85 rifle from the Middle East, which was recovered from a vehicle destroyed by an IED - none of the passengers survived. Jay Winter has said that if one shows a weapon in a museum, they ought to show what it does. Here, in this ruined weapon, we see both at once. We don’t need to see the blood and bones of the soldiers; from this broken rifle, we can fill in the gaps as to the horrific power of explosives ourselves.

Also, the NAM cafe does a mean scrambled eggs.

After the Army Museum, I headed back to the tube and caught the Circle Line again to St. James’ Park, where I walked to the Guards Museum. This is a small museum that people don’t really know about, and that surprises me as it’s literally right across the road from Buckingham Palace - it’s in Wellington Barracks, where the guards march from during the Changing of the Guard.

The Guards Museum is a very old-school and classic museum; a British Army regimental museum in the same old style that I love so very, very much. The museum is both wide in scope and intimate in subject matter - this isn’t the story of the army or the wars it fought, but the part played by the five regiments of the Foot Guards - the Grenadiers, the Coldstream, the Scots Guard, the Irish Guard and the Welsh Guard. For the majority of the British Army’s history, there were only the first three - oddly, the ‘1st’ (Grenadier) Foot Guards are actually the youngest, but as they were Charles II’s personal guard, they got to be senior after the Restoration in 1660.

There were a lot of very interesting things in this museum, but I’m going to highlight something very boring instead. There’s a shako worn by a soldier of the Coldstream Guards in the late 1820s - it’s called a bell-top shako. Guards shakos from this period are very rare, because they were introduced in 1829 and dropped in 1831, when all of the Guards regiments adopted the bearskin cap of the Grenadiers. In fact, this shako was so rare that I didn’t actually know it existed - I’d assumed that the bearskins were adopted soon after Waterloo, but it seems the Coldstream and Scots Guards kept the shakoes of the regular infantry for just a little bit longer. This is a completely, utterly useless factoid, but I find it absolutely fascinating.

Across from the Guards Museum is the Guards Chapel, and to the uninitiated it looks strangely modern. Surely regiments as old as the Guards ought to have a similarly old chapel, right? Well, they did - until the morning of 18th June 1944, when it suffered a direct hit from a German V-1 flying bomb in the middle of a morning service. 121 were killed, and over 140 injured. The new chapel is not only a memorial to the men of the Household Division (the Foot Guards and the Household Cavalry), but to those killed in the bombing. I was initially the only visitor, and by the time I left only a small group of Americans - who I will say were very respectful - had joined me there. Dozens of regimental colours from throughout the Guards histories hang from the walls. I almost felt like an intruder in another family’s mausoleum.

I’m not religious, but for some reason I was moved to light a candle.

I walked from there, back past Buckingham Palace and down Lower Grovesnor Place, to a small memorial on the side of an intersection near Victoria. This is a curious little monument - it’s explicitly a memorial to the Great War, yet the Tommy on top is joined by a pair of riflemen from the Napoleonic and Crimean Wars respectively. This is the memorial to the Rifle Brigade, the progeny of the famed 95th Rifles of Wellington’s time (although a number of Rifle Brigade battalions could trace their heritage to the 60th Rifles as well.) After the Second World War, it was adapted to commemorate the riflemen lost in that conflict.

I visit a lot of memorials because I think they are interesting, or because I simply find them in the wild. I hunted down this one because it was important to me personally. This isn’t because I think the 95th were cool or because I watch a lot of Sharpe, or because green is my favourite colour and riflemen wore green uniforms. My nan had two uncles, one who fought in the First World War and one who fought in the Second. Both were riflemen - the first of the ‘Hackney Rifles’ and the second of the 7th Rifle Brigade. The first was wounded at Third Ypres, although I’m not certain how severely. The second still lies to this day in Florence, lost in the attacks on the Gothic Line in September 1944. It’s silly, and probably vulgar, but I’ve always seen the Rifle Brigade as ‘ours.’ I probably confused a lot of London commuters by pointing at a random monument in the middle of the city, repeating over again - ‘that’s us. That’s us.’

Yet it is us. The memory agents, the people who lived through the First World War, are all dead. The people who lived through the Second will still follow. It is now up to us to interpret their memory, their experiences, their histories and their stories. We have a responsibility to them.

Like it or not, this is us.

I then wrecked this profound emotional moment by having a big fanboy moment over a Routemaster bus, and then I walked back to the hotel. After a brief rest, I reunited with my mum and stepdad, who had been very kindly invited by my professor to join the group at the garden party of the Britain-Australia Society at the Royal Over-Seas League’s London HQ. It was all very sophisticated, with a lot of the great and good - and Joe Hockey - present, but I think it just didn’t quite gel with me. We stayed for a socially acceptable amount of time, then went back to Victoria Station and grabbed some McDonalds before parting.

We will reunite in Paris, but there’s a long road ahead to get there…

[hzaidan]

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919. A large, peaceful crowd had gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, Punjab, British India, during annual Baishakhi fair, to protest against the Rowlatt Act and the arrest of pro-independence activists…

Please follow link for full post

Zaidan,Paintings,Arthistory,Biography,Amritsar,Jallianwala,War,Jaswant Singh,History,fineart,Artists,footnotes,

01 Work, The Art of War, Jaswant Singh's Mural Depicting 1919 Amritsar Massacre - Jallianwala Bagh, with footnotes

[dan6085]

20 Sample atrocities committed by the British Empire:

1. The Amritsar Massacre: In 1919, British troops fired on a crowd of unarmed Indian civilians in Amritsar, killing at least 379 people and injuring over 1,000 others.

2. The Bengal Famine: In 1943, a famine in Bengal caused by British policies and mismanagement led to the deaths of an estimated 2-3 million people.

3. The Boer War: From 1899-1902, the British fought a brutal war against the Boer republics in South Africa, which resulted in the deaths of tens of thousands of civilians and soldiers.

4. The Irish Famine: From 1845-1852, a potato blight in Ireland caused widespread famine and starvation. British policies exacerbated the crisis, and an estimated 1 million people died as a result.

5. The Indian Partition: In 1947, the British partitioned India into two separate countries, India and Pakistan. The process was marked by violence and forced migration, which resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people.

6. The Mau Mau Uprising: From 1952-1960, the British fought a brutal counter-insurgency campaign against the MauMau movement in Kenya. The campaign involved widespread torture, detention without trial, and executions, and resulted in the deaths of an estimated 10,000 Kenyans.

7. The Opium Wars: In the mid-19th century, the British fought two wars against China to force the country to open up its markets to opium trade. The wars resulted in the deaths of tens of thousands of Chinese civilians and soldiers.

8. The Partition of Palestine: In 1947, the British withdrew from Palestine, which was then partitioned into two separate states, Israel and Palestine. The resulting conflict led to the displacement of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians and the deaths of thousands of people.

9. The Scramble for Africa: In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, European powers, including Britain, carved up Africa for their own economic and political gain. The process led to the deaths of millions of Africans and the forced labor and exploitation of countless others.

10. The Slave Trade: From the 16th to the 19th centuries, the British were heavily involved in the transatlantic slave trade, which resulted in the deaths of an estimated 12.5 million Africans.

11. The Great Irish Famine: From 1740-1741, a famine in Ireland caused by extreme weather conditions and British policies led to the deaths of an estimated 400,000 people.

12. The Indian Rebellion of 1857: In 1857, Indian soldiers rebelled against British rule, leading to a brutal crackdown by British forces. The rebellion and its aftermath resulted in the deaths of tens of thousands of Indians.

13. The Malayan Emergency: From 1948-1960, the British fought a counter-insurgency campaign against communist insurgents in Malaya. The campaign involved widespread violence and human rights abuses, and resulted in the deaths of thousands of Malayan civilians and soldiers.

14. The Boer Concentration Camps: During the Boer War, the British established concentration camps for Boer civilians, many of whom died due to disease and poor living conditions. The exact number of deaths is unknown, but it is estimated that tens of thousands of people died in the camps.

15. The Kenya Emergency: From 1952-1960, the British fought a counter-insurgency campaign against the Mau Mau movement in Kenya. The campaign involved widespread violence and human rights abuses, and resulted in the deaths of thousands of Kenyans.

16. The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre: In 1919, Britishtroops fired on a crowd of unarmed Indian civilians in Jallianwala Bagh, killing at least 379 people and injuring over 1,000 others.

17. The Chittagong Uprising: In 1930, a group of Bengali revolutionaries launched an uprising against British rule in Chittagong, India. The uprising was brutally suppressed by British forces, resulting in the deaths of hundreds of people.

18. The Falklands War: In 1982, the British fought a war against Argentina over control of the Falkland Islands. The war resulted in the deaths of over 900 people, including civilians and soldiers.

19. The Anglo-Zulu War: In 1879, the British fought a war against the Zulu Kingdom in South Africa. The war resulted in the deaths of thousands of Zulu warriors and civilians, as well as hundreds of British soldiers.

20. The Arab Revolt: During World War I, the British supported an Arab rebellion against Ottoman rule. The rebellion was marked by violence and brutality on both sides, and resulted in the deaths of thousands of people.

These are just a few examples of events that are often cited as atrocities committed by the British Empire. It is important to note that the impact of British imperialism and colonialism was far-reaching and complex, and its legacy continues to be debated and contested today.

[taiey]

THANK YOU for the aracial white Jon post. One of my friends pointed out to me that it’s super weird fandom makes him desi specifically when there’s a throwaway line about the Slaughter being tied to the Amritsar massacre that Jon barely has a reaction to (which is also just an uncomfortable thing for the very white author to write about saying “it was the locals who were the Slaughter, not the colonizers”)

(context)

I don't think all desi people would necessarily react /audibly to any single specific thing but sure, that's an absence of potential marking

(you fly around the world booking flights on short notice; your experience at the airports is unremarkable)

(which is also just an uncomfortable thing for the very white author to write about saying “it was the locals who were the Slaughter, not the colonizers”)

:|

[discoveryprimetours]

Spiritual Journey of Amritsar: Exploring the Golden Temple

Amritsar, located in the northwestern state of Punjab in India, is a city that is steeped in history and spirituality. It is home to the Golden Temple, one of the most revered and visited religious sites in India. The Golden Temple, also known as Harmandir Sahib, is a symbol of the Sikh faith and a place of spiritual pilgrimage for Sikhs from around the world. In this blog, we’ll take you on a Spiritual Journey of Amritsar, exploring the Golden Temple and its significance.

History of the Golden Temple

The Golden Temple was built in the 16th century by Guru Arjan, the fifth Guru of the Sikh faith. The temple was built to serve as a central place of worship for Sikhs and as a symbol of the Sikh community’s strength and unity. Over the years, the temple has been rebuilt and renovated several times, with the present structure dating back to the 18th century.

Architecture of the Golden Temple

The Golden Temple is known for its stunning architecture and design. The temple is built on a square platform surrounded by a pool of water, known as the Amrit Sarovar. The main entrance to the temple is through a magnificent archway, known as the Darshani Deorhi. The temple itself is a four-story structure with a gold-plated dome at the top, which gives it its name – the Golden Temple.

The inner sanctum of the temple houses the Guru Granth Sahib, the holy book of the Sikh faith. The book is considered the living embodiment of the Sikh Gurus and is treated with the utmost respect and devotion by Sikhs.

Significance of the Golden Temple

The Golden Temple is not only a place of worship but also a symbol of the Sikh community’s values of equality, service, and compassion. The temple is open to people of all religions and backgrounds, and it serves free meals to anyone who visits the temple. This tradition, known as langar, is a way of serving and giving back to the community and is an integral part of Sikh culture.

The temple also plays an important role in Sikh history and identity. It was the site of a brutal massacre in 1984 when Indian troops attacked the temple during Operation Blue Star, a military operation to remove Sikh militants who had taken refuge in the temple. The incident led to a wave of violence and protests in the Sikh community and remains a significant event in Indian history.

Visiting the Golden Temple

Visiting the Golden Temple with the Best Tour and Travel Company in India is a unique and unforgettable experience. As you approach the temple, you’ll see the glistening golden dome reflecting in the Amrit Sarovar, creating a stunning visual spectacle. The temple is open 24 hours a day, and visitors are welcome at any time. Before entering the temple, visitors must cover their heads and remove their shoes as a sign of respect.

Inside the temple, you’ll be greeted by the soothing sound of kirtan, devotional music that is played throughout the day. You can also witness the langar, where volunteers serve free meals to visitors. The food is simple yet delicious and is a testament to the Sikh community’s commitment to serving others.

The temple also offers accommodation for visitors in the form of a dormitory and a guest house. The accommodation is free of charge and is available to anyone who visits the temple.