#Microsoft Authentication Library

[faciletechnolab1]

Exploring the Power of Microsoft Identity Platform

Microsoft Authentication Library (MSAL) and support for other standards-compliant libraries. The open source MSAL libraries are recommended as they provide built-in support for conditional access scenarios, single sign-on (SSO) experiences for your users, built-in token caching support, and more. MSAL supports the different authorization grants and token flows used in different application types and scenarios.

[zadle]

How to replace Microsoft and support the BDS boycott

reach out to your tech friends about replacing windows with an alternative operating system, such as linux or a *BSD OS. if you decide to do this on your own, make sure to back up your hard drive first. windows profits off your usage data (even if you never paid for it) and can use it to train their AI, which is arming israel.

if your work or school requires you to acquire windows, look up massgrave (it's very simple to activate windows).

duckduckgo is just microsoft's bing in a trench coat. they have made a secret exception for microsoft's tracking services in the past. check out Searx instances, or try alternative indie web search engines such as Marginalia or Wiby.

if you're using microsoft's outlook for email, consider Tuta or Disroot (avoid proton; it's all privacy theatre that's only somewhat better than other email providers, and the CEO has voiced support for trump).

don't pay to watch the minecraft movie that's coming out. i've heard it's incredibly underwhelming anyway.

insist on playing minecraft but don't want to give microsoft money? avoid bedrock edition. check out UltimMC if you need a way to acquire java edition and you don't own it. if you're a server operator, you can set your server to offline mode in server.properties which allows people who acquire minecraft the cool way to connect, but this should be paired with a server-side authentication plugin/mod for safety reasons (in offline mode, anyone can log in with any username, including a whitelisted or operator username, and there are bots scanning for servers to grief). don't use realms. disable telemetry with mods if you can.

get a vpn (i recommend airvpn for p2p connections) and download qBittorrent. in case you're interested in media published by microsoft. or just in general. learn to torrent, and make sure all your torrent traffic goes through your vpn service.

if you're using microsoft edge, consider switching to an alternative browser such as LibreWolf (basically firefox with better privacy and security out of the box; mozilla is not the innocent robin hood figure they're made out to be) or Ungoogled-Chromium (chromium without the google spyware; unfortunately lacks auto-update in most cases).

if you're using microsoft's AI for anything, consider getting a library card instead.

[princessazalea17]

How I will be moving forward after the February 28 Boycotts

Here are the places I will be re-directing my money towards to support local and smaller businesses.

Stop supporting (or minimize support for) McDonald's, Target, Walmart, Home Depot, Amazon, Meta, and other large corporate chains. If buying from big giants, make mindful purchases to reduce your consumption.

Books: Pango books, The Last Bookstore, Thrift Books, Abe Books, and if through Amazon, buying used instead of new. Also, the library, for obvious reasons. I have made the mistake of wasting money on shitty new books before, I strongly do not recommend.

Food: Local food stands, taco trucks, smaller restaurants, and regional chains instead of national ones. Choosing In N' Out over McDonald's, Cane's over KFC, etc., or making copycats at home. The same goes for coffee and other drinks. Many smaller donut shops in the area are better priced and tastier than Winchell's. There are so many places selling authentic Mexican food that you have no excuse to buy some nasty bullshit at Taco Bell or Del Taco. However, I strongly recommend Yelp, some of the smaller restaurants suck in terms of food quality that you get for the price.

Clothing and Shoes: Old Navy is pro-DEI. Depop, since I buy and sell on there (despite prices being pretty steep at times). Smaller thrift stores that ACTUALLY have changing rooms in them (goodbye, Goodwill SoCal!) Go to Ross and Nordstrom Rack, and avoid Marshalls and TJ Maxx, apparently. DD's is shitty but I can work with it if I'm in a financial pinch. Facebook groups, but I haven't found any good ones yet. For shoes, Journey's, Zappos, WSS, DSW, and brand websites will work (and Depop if I am confident the shoe will fit).

Beauty: ULTA is pro-DEI. I can also order directly from brands' sites.

Haircare: I have too much, but if I need more, Sally Beauty is my go-to. Not sure about the local hair store, though, since I hear stories about store owners profiling their Black customers.

Personal care: I believe I have found what I need at Food4Less.

Groceries: Food4Less or Trader Joe's, Northgate Gonzalez Markets if I am too lazy to travel far or need something cheaper there than at the other stores.

Hardware and Tools: Maybe Harbor Freight, but I am so used to using Home Depot for everything since it is trusted and so accessible. This is going to be a hard one for me.

Gaming: Shopping sales and sticking to battle passes and Bing/Microsoft Rewards to minimize spending on unnecessary purchases on skins (it is a challenge due to FOMO and limited-time collabs, especially on Overwatch). If I am buying consoles and console gams, I will buy from trusted resellers (too many scams on Mercari and other user-based platforms)

Tech: Buy new due to being burned in the past from buying refurbished tech, but cut back on consumption. Use BackMarket for used iPhones and Pixels, or buy new or certified refurbished from Samsung for Galaxy phones.

Stationery and Office Supplies: I have so much shit hoarded from years of schooling and coursework. However, go to an office store or a dollar store (Dollar Tree/General or Family Dollar) if you don't want to support Target or Walmart. If you went to a hood school like I did, they will sometimes give away free school supplies. I'm gonna make a separate post on school supplies you DO and DO NOT need.

[yonahsienna]

This Was Supposed to Be Fun

Or: WTF happened to the online Commons, and where do we go now?

Let me start by saying that I don't want to be a "content creator" or “online influencer”. I don't want to "optimize engagement" or “build an agile social strategy”. I don’t even particularly want to Start a Blog or Podcast. I just want to f#¢&!ng hang out with my friends and community online, and I feel like we should have The Technology to just do that by now.

Of course (infuriatingly) we did have that technology! I first connected to the World Wide Web in 2001 when I was ten years old. Back then, the whole family shared one computer, which I mostly used to play Age of Empires, Bugdom, and Oregon Trail. Connecting to the Internet meant that nobody could use the phone, so we would log on quickly (accompanied by a symphony of discordant whistles and beeps), check emails and/or MSN messages, and then pass the computer to the next person.

As our access to the Internet grew through my teens, so did the diversity of content we consumed, shared, and bonded over. eBaum’s World and Newgrounds hosted a plethora of simple, free webgames we'd play once we got bored with the handful my parents were willing to buy, as well as the first viral videos like Numa Numa and Star Wars Kid. We also connected in new ways with a growing “social web” — profiles on sites like Myspace and Livejournal and eventually the early Facebook were a way that anyone could have their own site on the web, a little virtual locker that you could decorate and fill up to your liking, and have your friends stuff with virtual notes.

In my late teens and early twenties, the Internet was mostly for research and keeping up with student government and clubs via long weekly emails stuffed with hyperlinks and attachments. It wasn't until I was well into my twenties that I got my first smartphone. At university, the only way to connect to the Internet “on the go” was to tweet my on-the-go thoughts by sending an SMS text message to Twitter at 21212. I also hardly used the social web anyways, other than for a quick dopamine distraction or break from long study sessions in the library. I had even deleted my Facebook account that I'd had since high school, since the campus coffee shop and bar served as more than enough of a hub for socializing, philosophical and political debates, and important announcements posted on cork boards or delivered by intercom.

I know I probably sound like a stereotypical Millennial, whining about the “good ole days”, but I wanted to spend this time on memory lane for a reason. I think that no matter when you grew up, this feeling is probably close to universal: from the early 2000s to early 2020s, the Internet and social web seemed to just work. There were a lot of things wrong with the world, but the Internet was where we went to complain about other problems, not a source of them. But of course, even back then we were living on borrowed money and time. The virtual Commons we had grown comfortable in never actually belonged to us, the users. From the moment they incorporated, the big sites belonged to venture capital, who sold them out to the oligarchs, who sold them out to the fascists. We were never the customer, always the product.

Flash forward to 2025. The “big four” North American social media outlets (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok) have all been captured by the Trump administration. Smaller sites, like Reddit, Telegram, and Substack have long been a hotbed for bigotry and hate speech. Searches on Apple, Google, Microsoft, and even Pinterest are serving up LLM “AI” slop before authentic and unique human creations. Ads, suggestions, sponsored posts, and cookie pop-ups take up far more space than the content I came for. And if I ever want my family, friends, and community to actually see my updates, I either need to send them to each person directly, or market my posts not to them, but to an algorithm optimized not for users or even businesses, but shareholder profit. On top of all of this, there is a pervasive sense of how uncomfortably public, permanent, and surveilled it all is. (In parallel to all this: efforts to gather in person are cut at the knees by a lack of coherent and safe public health policies, the dismantling of Third Spaces and affordable public transportation, and the militarization of the police.)

It is horrifying that exactly when the biggest thing we need for survival is to build and strengthen community, that the only accessible tools to do so, are hostile to our very existence.

Obviously this isn’t a coincidence. Every time we, the people, can talk to each other directly, we start getting dangerous ideas about the fact that the ultra-wealthy and hyper-elite are so few, and the rest of us are so many. Pamphlets facilitated the French and American revolutions, the telegraph and radio hastened the collapse of the Russian and German Empires, and Twitter fanned the flames of the Arab Spring. And here in America, The Powers That Be, Red and Blue alike, overwhelmingly want the American government in strict control over where and how we can communicate with each other.

And here I am, just hoping for a single F#¢&!NG site on the whole World Wide Web where I can just hang out with family, friends, and community that isn't owned and operated by literal fascists, kept behind a paywall, or too technical for our Elders to use. A comfy virtual coffee shop with announcement boards, conversations, the occasional performance, and a locker nearby for collecting memories and passing notes.

I don’t really know what the Takeaway/Call to Action is here. Yes, I’m already on Tumblr, Mastadon, and Bluesky, and would love it if we all continued to grow these kind of alternatives while divesting from profit-driven social "platforms". I’m still on Discord, Snapchat, and Signal and even have accounts on Loops, Pixelfed, and Xiaohongshu, in case the center of gravity ever moves over to those places. All of them still feel very "under construction" though, so I don't even know which (if any) I feel comfortable asking friends and family to "switch over" to. In the meantime, I'm just feeling lost, sad, lonely, and adrift; and wanted to share these musings with y’all. Just in case anyone has any advice you want to share, or are feeling the same way and want to commiserate.

xposted to Facebook, Tumblr, Medium, and WriteAs. God, I hate the Internet right now >:(

[grandhotelabyss]

What makes an artwork highbrow? What makes another low?

Keeping in mind that this is a sociological rather than an aesthetic distinction, I believe the distinction hinges on how much you already have to know about art in general to appreciate any given work. As the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu writes:

A genre containing ever more references to the history of that genre calls for a second-degree reading, reserved for the initiate, who can only grasp the work’s nuances and subtleties by relating it back to previous works. By introducing subtle breaks and fine variations, with regard to assumed expectations, the play of internal allusions (the same one that has always been practised by lettered traditions) authorizes detached and distanced perception, quite as much as first-degree adherence, and calls for either erudite analysis or the aesthete’s wink.

This is most obvious in the case of a work that is both intensely allusive and extremely sophisticated in technique, like Ulysses, but it also applies to works of a radical simplicity or even contentlessness, like the writings of Gertrude Stein or the paintings of Jackson Pollock, where you have to know enough about art to know why this apparent non-art ("my toddler could paint that!") is actually very serious and meaningful art.

In practice, these distinctions don't hold. They don't hold aesthetically, because most actual practitioners say that the relevant distinction is not high and low but good and bad. But they also don't hold sociologically. The high-low distinction only applies after the mass literacy of the late 19th century, which generated both a mass culture industry and writers and artists who wanted to set themselves apart from this mass culture industry. The very same industry, however, produces such a proliferation of niche markets that even low-art genres become as complex and recursive in their own traditions as the high-art genres, such that you can't really just hand The Big Sleep or Dune or Watchmen to a person off the street anymore than you could with Ulysses. This is the symbolic import of the factoid I am always insisting upon: that this all comes from Poe, that Poe invents both Mallarmé and Lovecraft.

Then "middlebrow" as a concept presents problems of its own. A serious critic wants to scorn the middlebrow and uphold only the raw energy of the lowbrow and the radical intellection of the highbrow, but this standard is too severe. Anti-middlebrow critics get trapped in a hipper-than-thou spiral, or, to vary my image, they futilely chase an unreachable horizon of authenticity and difficulty. There is such a thing as middlebrow—we know it when we see it—but if you become obsessed with the idea, then soon you'll find that nothing is astringent enough for your taste. Anti-middlebrow critics may start by dismissing Our Town and The Grapes of Wrath, but they will inevitably end up writing "Against Ulysses."

Finally, these categories assume too much about who attends to what, and where and when and for what purpose. I quoted that Bourdieu passage above this summer in my Oppenheimer essay. Is Oppenheimer lowbrow, middlebrow, or highbrow? A film made for and sold to a mass audience through memes and sex appeal (lowbrow), a film full of Big Themes and Human Interest and Major Issues (middlebrow), a film formally ambitious, politically ambiguous, tragic in theme, and freighted with unexplained scientific, historical, political, and cultural allusions (highbrow)? I just don't think it's a very interesting question.

Do these categories explain why I read about Ulysses on Microsoft Encarta when I was 13 years old? (It included a recording of an Irish actress doing some of Molly Bloom's interior monologue.) I first checked the novel out of my suburban public branch library the summer of the same year and determined to read it, a task I admittedly didn't accomplish in full until later, when I was in college, just as Bourdieu would predict. But the ambition first found me in the lower-middle-class suburbs through a simple consumer conveyance rather than through any type of elite training.

I don't mean to sound a note of false populism here, to suggest that there's much hidden greatness in the morass of cranked-out junk clogging Amazon. It is, as I've written, "lonely at the top." My populist instinct, insofar as I have one, runs in the other direction: not "low art is actually great" but rather "great art is actually for everyone." (Or perhaps not "everyone" but "anyone." Not every single person but any single person capable of being found by it, which can't be determined in advance.) Still, the worth of a work of art is not extrinsically determined by the position it occupies in the social field, as the sociologists claim, but rather relies on its intrinsic merit in dynamic interaction with an unpredictable range of actual and potential audience members.

[chellyisacreampuff]

Arrival orientation & orientation (20th & 24th Sep)

Last time, for the arrival orientation for all the exchange students on the 20th of September, we already got a thick folder with so many documents, papers, information. About city registration, a comprehensive insurance that all students have to obtain during their time at the uni, additional optional insurance, immigration policies, safe living in Japan and around campus, how to register a bike, festivals around the campus,.... But most importantly: We got our student ID card, as well as the information for initiating our accounts for the Unified Authentication Sytem and the Microsoft 365 account.

The Unified Authentication System is important for example for the websites manaba and TWINS, where information and grades for each course will be published, as well as for the library and the on-campus WiFi System. Just like the BTU, Tsukuba Uni has a lot of different websites just to be able to obtain different information and it's hard to remember where to look up what....

The Microsoft account on the other hand is used to set up an uni related email address which is used for all communication. For online lectures, Microsoft Teams is used, and sometimes also MS Stream, for any on-demand videos related to the lectures.

Today, 24th of September, at the orientation by the Academic Service Office (School of Life and Environmental Sciences in my case), we got another big envelope with lots of paper.

The most important paper in that whole thing was this Student Record (see above). Due to privacy, I censured the upper part, but it basically just mentions your name and Faculty at Tsukuba that you're in. Plus, we have to submit a photo of ourselves.

The Student Record is used to apply for the courses you wanna take and has to be submitted to the Academic Service Office by the deadline of 9th of October. Until then, we need to collect the Seal of Approval from each instructor of the course on the first day of when the class is being held.

Regular students can apply for courses online, but exchange students can't. We're supposed to prioritise courses from our college (department) and school (faculty), but we don't have to stick to it. Unless you're having different requirements from your home university, of course.

One important thing they let us know is that if you have a student visa, you have to do at least 600 hours of classes per week, to keep the visa valid. Since at Tsukuba each class is 75 min, that means we have to take at least 8 classes per week. There is only an exception for FallC (the third part of the semester), which is shorter than FallA and FallB, hence we don't necessarily need those eight hours per week and instead it's enough if we achieved it in FallAB.

In the envelope that they handed us out today they also included a printout of the whole PowerPoint presentation..... (Poor trees). But we also got another handout with actual useful information:

The Pledge is also important, but only for the uni... We had to pledge that we're obeying by the rules and regulations of the Tsukuba Uni xD

With that, I got lots of paperwork to do 💪

[mariacallous]

Microsoft said in June that a China-backed hacking group had stolen a cryptographic key from the company's systems. This key allowed the attackers to access cloud-based Outlook email systems for 25 organizations, including multiple US government agencies. At the time of the disclosure, however, Microsoft did not explain how the hackers were able to compromise such a sensitive and highly guarded key, or how they were able to use the key to move between consumer- and enterprise-tier systems. But a new postmortem published by the company on Wednesday explains a chain of slipups and oversights that allowed the improbable attack.

Such cryptographic keys are significant in cloud infrastructure because they are used to generate authentication “tokens” that prove a user’s identity for accessing data and services. Microsoft says it stores these sensitive keys in an isolated and strictly access-controlled “production environment.” But during a particular system crash in April 2021, the key in question was an incidental stowaway in a cache of data that crossed out of the protected zone.

“All the best hacks are deaths by 1,000 paper cuts, not something where you exploit a single vulnerability and then get all the goods,” says Jake Williams, a former US National Security Agency hacker who is now on the faculty of the Institute for Applied Network Security.

After the fateful crash of a consumer signing system, the cryptographic key ended up in an automatically generated “crash dump” of data about what had happened. Microsoft's systems are meant to be designed so signing keys and other sensitive data don't end up in crash dumps, but this key slipped through because of a bug. Worse still, the systems built to detect errant data in crash dumps failed to flag the cryptographic key.

With the crash dump seemingly vetted and cleared, it was moved from the production environment to a Microsoft “debugging environment,” a sort of triage and review area connected to the company's regular corporate network. Once again though, a scan designed to spot the accidental inclusion of credentials failed to detect the key's presence in the data.

Sometime after all of this occurred in April 2021, the Chinese espionage group, which Microsoft calls Storm-0558, compromised the corporate account of a Microsoft engineer. According to Microsoft, that target engineer's account was itself compromised with a stolen access token obtained from a machine infected with malware, though it hasn't shared how that infection occurred. 

With this account, the attackers could access the debugging environment where the ill-fated crash dump and key were stored. Microsoft says it no longer has logs from this era that directly show the compromised account exfiltrating the crash dump, “but this was the most probable mechanism by which the actor acquired the key.” Armed with this crucial discovery, the attackers were able to start generating legitimate Microsoft account access tokens.

Another unanswered question about the incident had been how the attackers used a cryptographic key from the crash log of a consumer signing system to infiltrate the enterprise email accounts of organizations like government agencies. Microsoft said on Wednesday that this was possible because of a flaw related to an application programming interface that the company had provided to help customer systems cryptographically validate signatures. The API had not been fully updated with libraries that would validate whether a system should accept tokens signed with consumer keys or enterprise keys, and as a result, many systems could be tricked into accepting either.

The company says it has fixed all of the bugs and lapses that cumulatively exposed the key in the debugging environment and allowed it to sign tokens that would be accepted by enterprise systems. But Microsoft's recap still does not fully describe how attackers compromised the engineer's corporate account—such as how malware capable of stealing an engineer's access tokens ended up on its network—and Microsoft did not immediately respond to WIRED's request for more information. 

The fact Microsoft kept limited logs during this time period is significant, too, says independent security researcher Adrian Sanabria. As part of its response to the Storm-0558 hacking spree overall, the company said in July that it would expand the cloud logging capabilities that it offers for free. “It's particularly notable because one of the complaints about Microsoft is that they don't set up their own customers for security success,” Sanabria says. “Logs disabled by default, security features are an add-on requiring additional spending, or more premium licenses. It appears they themselves got bit by this practice.”

As Williams from the Institute for Applied Network Security points out, organizations like Microsoft must face highly motivated and well-resourced attackers who are unusually capable of capitalizing on the most esoteric or improbable mistakes. He says that from reading Microsoft's latest updates on the situation, he is more sympathetic to why the situation played out the way it did.

“You'll only hear about highly complex hacks like this in an environment like Microsoft's,” he says. “In any other organization, the security is relatively so weak that a hack doesn't need to be complex. And even when environments are pretty secure, they often lack the telemetry—along with the retention—needed to investigate something like this. Microsoft is a rare organization that has both. Most organizations wouldn't even store logs like this for a few months, so I'm impressed that they had as much telemetry as they did."

[pcrtisuyog]

The Anatomy of a Full Stack App: Explained Step by Step

In today's digital landscape, the demand for dynamic, scalable, and efficient web applications has grown exponentially. Whether you're scrolling through social media, ordering food, or managing your finances online, chances are you're interacting with a full stack development solution. But what exactly goes into building a full-fledged web app? Let’s break down the anatomy of a full stack app, explained step by step, in a way that’s both technical and easy to grasp.

What is Full Stack Development?

Full stack development refers to the process of building both the front-end (client side) and back-end (server side) parts of a web application. A full stack developer is someone who can manage the entire development process — from designing user interfaces to setting up databases and handling APIs.

These developers work simultaneously across different layers of a web application, ensuring seamless functionality, performance, and integration.

Core Components of a Full Stack Application

To better understand how a full stack app works, let’s explore its primary components:

1. Front-End (Client Side)

This is what users interact with directly — the visible part of a web application.

Languages Used: HTML, CSS, JavaScript

Frameworks/Libraries: React.js, Angular, Vue.js

Responsibilities:

Designing responsive layouts

Creating dynamic content

Ensuring a smooth user experience

2. Back-End (Server Side)

This is the backbone of the app — responsible for business logic, database interactions, and server management.

Languages Used: Node.js, Python, Java, Ruby

Frameworks: Express.js, Django, Spring

Responsibilities:

Handling API requests

Data processing

User authentication

Interfacing with databases

3. Database Layer

Data needs a safe place to be stored and retrieved. That’s where databases come in.

Types:

Relational (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL)

Non-relational (e.g., MongoDB)

Functions:

Store user data

Handle queries

Manage relationships and data integrity

4. APIs (Application Programming Interfaces)

APIs act as a communication bridge between the front-end and back-end.

RESTful APIs or GraphQL are often used

Functions:

Fetching or sending data to the server

Enabling third-party service integration (e.g., payment gateways)

5. Version Control and Deployment

Developers often use tools like Git and platforms like GitHub to manage code simultaneously in teams.

Deployment Tools: Docker, Jenkins, Netlify, Vercel, Heroku

Cloud Services: AWS, Google Cloud, Microsoft Azure

Benefits:

Continuous integration and delivery

Collaboration across teams

Automated testing and rollback features

How All Layers Work Simultaneously

A standout feature of full stack development is how each layer works simultaneously to deliver a seamless user experience. For instance:

A user fills a form (Front-End)

The form data is sent via an API call (API Layer)

The server processes the request (Back-End)

Data is stored or retrieved from a database (Database Layer)

The response is sent back and displayed to the user (Front-End)

All of these processes happen within milliseconds — a true example of coordinated effort!

Benefits of Full Stack Development

Here are a few key advantages:

End-to-End Control: Developers understand the full picture and can work across the project’s architecture.

Faster Development: With a single person or team handling both sides, time is saved.

Better Problem Solving: Troubleshooting is easier when one person understands both client and server logic.

Cost-Effective: Hiring fewer developers for multiple tasks can save resources, especially for startups.

Real-World Examples of Full Stack Apps

eCommerce Platforms like Shopify

Social Media apps like Instagram

Booking Systems such as Airbnb

Productivity Tools like Trello

All these apps are powered by technologies built through full stack development, functioning simultaneously across all layers.

Final Thoughts

The anatomy of a full stack development project reveals a sophisticated, layered system where all parts work simultaneously to bring digital experiences to life. Whether you're a budding developer or a business aiming to launch a digital product, understanding these steps can empower you to build smarter and more efficient applications.

In a world where speed, reliability, and user satisfaction define success, full stack development continues to shape the future of web and software solutions — one layer at a time.

[fosilsblog]

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Exploring the Power of Microsoft Identity Platform

Microsoft Authentication Library (MSAL) and support for other standards-compliant libraries. The open source MSAL libraries are recommended as they provide built-in support for conditional access scenarios, single sign-on (SSO) experiences for your users, built-in token caching support, and more. MSAL supports the different authorization grants and token flows used in different application types and scenarios.

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How .dotnet Development is Revolutionizing the Software Industry

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Why Choose Playwright Over Selenium and Cypress

Playwright Web automation has long been a cornerstone of quality assurance, with tools like Selenium and Cypress dominating the field. But as web applications become more dynamic and complex, the demand for smarter, faster, and more reliable tools is growing. That’s where Playwright automation stands out — offering a fresh, modern solution built to meet today’s testing needs.

The Rise of Playwright: A New-Age Automation Tool

Playwright, developed by Microsoft, is an open-source end-to-end testing framework that supports all modern rendering engines like Chromium, WebKit, and Firefox. Unlike older tools, Playwright was built from the ground up with modern web architecture in mind. It offers native support for multi-browser, multi-tab, iframed, and network-intercepted testing.

By using Typescriptor JavaScript, developers and testers can create powerful, readable test scripts with strong typing support and better IDE integration. This alone sets it apart from Selenium and Cypress, which often require more setup or plugins to reach the same capabilities.

Why Playwright Beats Selenium

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Installation Simplicity: Selenium often requires installing third-party drivers for each browser, while Playwright automatically downloads the required binaries.

Modern Web Compatibility: Selenium sometimes struggles with modern SPAs (single-page applications), while Playwright was designed with them in mind.

Built-in Features: Playwright includes auto-waiting, trace viewer, network mocking, and test recording out of the box.

If you're using Playwright with Typescript, you also get strong type safety and better developer productivity, something that’s harder to achieve with Selenium unless you integrate other tools.

Why Playwright Wins Over Cypress

Cypress brought a new approach to testing by offering fast execution and a powerful UI test runner. However, Playwright still comes out ahead in several key areas:

Cross-browser Support: Cypress supports only Chromium-based browsers. Playwright supports Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Safari, and even mobile views — all with one test suite.

Native iFrame Support: Testing content within iframes is seamless in Playwright Online Training but limited in Cypress.

Multi-tab and Multi-context Testing: Cypress doesn't support multiple browser tabs or parallel browser contexts. Playwright handles both natively.

CI/CD Compatibility: Playwright runs more efficiently in headless mode and integrates smoothly with CI pipelines.

These differences become even more evident when teams scale their tests or introduce complex flows like authentication, role-switching, or third-party integrations.

Real-World Use Case: Login with MFA

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Final Thoughts: The Better Choice in 2025 and Beyond

While Selenium and Cypress still have their place, Playwright automation has raised the bar in terms of speed, reliability, and developer experience. For teams adopting modern frameworks and complex workflows, Playwright provides a robust and scalable testing solution

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Selenium with Python Tutorial: A Complete Beginner’s Guide

Introduction

Web automation has become a crucial skill in today's digital world, helping developers and testers automate repetitive tasks such as web testing, form submissions, data extraction, and more. Selenium with Python is one of the most powerful combinations for web automation, making it easier to interact with web applications programmatically.

This Selenium with Python tutorial is designed for beginners who want to learn how to automate web browsers efficiently. By the end of this guide, you will understand what Selenium is, why Python is a great choice for automation, and how you can start using Selenium for web testing and automation.

What is Selenium?

Selenium is an open-source automation framework used for testing web applications across different browsers and platforms. It allows developers and testers to simulate user interactions on a website, such as clicking buttons, filling out forms, navigating pages, and extracting information.

Key Features of Selenium:

Cross-Browser Testing – Supports multiple browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Edge, and Safari.

Multi-Platform Support – Works on Windows, macOS, and Linux.

Integration with Testing Frameworks – Can be used with frameworks like PyTest and Unittest for automated testing.

Headless Execution – Allows running tests in the background without opening a browser window.

Automated Web Scraping – Extracts useful data from websites efficiently.

Why Use Python for Selenium?

Python is one of the most popular programming languages for web automation because of its simplicity and extensive libraries. Here’s why Selenium with Python tutorial is a preferred choice for beginners and professionals:

Easy to Learn – Python has a simple syntax, making it ideal for beginners.

Rich Ecosystem – Offers numerous libraries and tools to enhance automation.

Fast Development – Requires fewer lines of code compared to other languages.

Active Community Support – A vast community of developers contributing to Python and Selenium.

Understanding Selenium Components

Selenium consists of several components that help automate web browsers effectively.

1. Selenium WebDriver

WebDriver is the core component of Selenium that interacts with web browsers. It allows automation scripts to perform actions like clicking buttons, entering text, and scrolling through pages.

2. Selenium Grid

Selenium Grid enables parallel execution of test cases on multiple browsers and operating systems simultaneously. It is useful for large-scale web testing.

3. Selenium IDE

A browser extension that records user interactions on a webpage and generates test scripts automatically. This is useful for beginners who want to learn Selenium without writing code initially.

4. Selenium Supported Browsers

Selenium supports all major web browsers, including:

Google Chrome

Mozilla Firefox

Microsoft Edge

Safari

Opera

Common Use Cases of Selenium with Python

Selenium is widely used across various domains for different purposes. Here are some common applications:

1. Automated Testing

Selenium helps developers test web applications by simulating user actions. This ensures the website functions correctly across different browsers and devices.

2. Web Scraping

With Selenium, users can extract data from dynamic websites that do not load content using traditional methods. This is useful for collecting market trends, pricing data, and more.

3. Form Filling and Data Entry

Selenium can automate tasks like filling out online forms, submitting surveys, or entering data into websites, saving time and reducing manual effort.

4. Automated Login and Navigation

Selenium allows users to automate login processes and navigate through websites programmatically, which is useful for testing authentication workflows.

5. Screenshot Capture

Developers and testers use Selenium to take automated screenshots of web pages for reporting and debugging purposes.

Challenges in Selenium Automation

While Selenium is a powerful tool, beginners might face some challenges when working with it:

1. Handling Dynamic Web Elements

Modern websites often use dynamic content that loads asynchronously. Identifying and interacting with such elements requires techniques like waiting for elements to appear.

2. Managing Browser Compatibility

Different browsers may render web pages differently. Ensuring cross-browser compatibility can be challenging without proper testing strategies.

3. Captcha and Bot Detection

Many websites implement security measures to prevent bots. Bypassing Captchas and handling bot detection mechanisms require additional tools.

4. Handling Pop-ups and Alerts

Web applications often contain pop-ups, alerts, and modal dialogs that need special handling during automation.

5. Maintaining Automation Scripts

Web pages frequently change, which may cause automation scripts to break. Regular updates and maintenance of test scripts are necessary to ensure reliability.

Best Practices for Using Selenium with Python

To effectively use Selenium for web automation, follow these best practices:

1. Use Explicit Waits

Instead of relying on fixed sleep times, use explicit waits to handle dynamic elements. This ensures better stability in test execution.

2. Keep Locators Unique and Reliable

Use stable locators like ID and CSS selectors to identify web elements. Avoid using XPaths that may change frequently.

3. Implement Logging and Reporting

Integrate logging mechanisms to capture test results and errors for better debugging.

4. Organize Test Scripts Properly

Follow a structured approach for writing automation scripts to improve maintainability.

5. Run Tests in Headless Mode When Needed

For faster execution, run Selenium tests in headless mode, especially in CI/CD pipelines.

Conclusion

This Selenium with Python tutorial provided an overview of how Selenium is used for web automation, why Python is a preferred language, and the key components that make Selenium a powerful tool. Whether you want to automate testing, scrape data, or perform repetitive web-based tasks, Selenium with Python offers a flexible and efficient solution.

By understanding its core concepts, best practices, and real-world applications, you can begin your journey into web automation with confidence. Start exploring Selenium today and take your automation skills to the next level! 🚀

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Cloud Computing: The Digital Revolution

Today, businesses and individuals are constantly seeking efficient, scalable, and cost-effective solutions for data storage, processing, and management. Cloud computing has emerged as the backbone of this transformation, offering flexibility, security, and accessibility. From small businesses to large enterprises, cloud technology is revolutionizing the way we interact with data, applications, and IT infrastructure.

Understanding Cloud Computing

Cloud computing refers to the delivery of computing services—including storage, processing power, databases, networking, software, and analytics—over the internet. Unlike traditional on-premise systems, where data and applications are hosted locally, cloud computing allows users to access their resources remotely from anywhere in the world. The fundamental concept behind cloud computing is “pay-as-you-go,” meaning businesses and individuals only pay for the resources they consume, reducing operational costs and improving efficiency.

Key Components of Cloud Computing

1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

IaaS provides virtualized computing resources over the internet. Users can rent servers, storage, and networking components on-demand without investing in physical hardware. Popular IaaS providers include Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud.

2. Platform as a Service (PaaS)

PaaS offers a cloud-based environment that enables developers to build, test, and deploy applications without worrying about underlying infrastructure. It includes tools, libraries, and frameworks necessary for application development. Examples include Google App Engine and Microsoft Azure App Services.

3. Software as a Service (SaaS)

SaaS provides fully managed applications that users can access via web browsers without requiring installation or maintenance. Common SaaS applications include Google Workspace, Microsoft Office 365, and Salesforce CRM.

Benefits of Cloud Computing

1. Cost Efficiency

Cloud computing eliminates the need for expensive hardware and IT infrastructure, allowing businesses to pay only for the services they use. This pay-as-you-go model significantly reduces capital expenditures.

2. Scalability and Flexibility

Cloud services can be scaled up or down based on demand, making them ideal for businesses with fluctuating workloads. Organizations can add or remove resources in real time, ensuring optimal performance and cost savings.

3. Enhanced Security

Cloud providers invest heavily in security measures, including data encryption, multi-factor authentication, and regular compliance audits. This ensures that sensitive information remains protected from cyber threats.

4. Remote Accessibility

With cloud computing, employees and businesses can access applications and data from anywhere with an internet connection. This has been especially beneficial in the era of remote work and global collaboration.

5. Disaster Recovery and Data Backup

Cloud solutions offer automated data backups and disaster recovery options, ensuring business continuity in case of hardware failures, cyberattacks, or natural disasters.

Industries Transformed by Cloud Computing

1. Healthcare

Cloud computing has revolutionized the healthcare industry by enabling electronic health records (EHRs), telemedicine, and AI-driven diagnostics. Cloud storage allows healthcare providers to access patient data securely and efficiently.

2. Finance

Banks and financial institutions leverage cloud computing for real-time transactions, fraud detection, and regulatory compliance. Cloud-based analytics help in making data-driven investment decisions.

3. Education

Online learning platforms and virtual classrooms rely on cloud computing for seamless content delivery, student management, and collaboration tools like Google Classroom and Microsoft Teams.

4. Retail and E-Commerce

Cloud-based solutions enable e-commerce businesses to handle high traffic volumes, optimize inventory management, and personalize customer experiences through AI and machine learning.

5. Manufacturing and Supply Chain

Manufacturers utilize cloud computing for predictive maintenance, IoT integration, and supply chain optimization, reducing costs and improving efficiency.

Emerging Trends in Cloud Computing

1. Hybrid and Multi-Cloud Strategies

Businesses are increasingly adopting hybrid cloud models, combining private and public clouds for greater flexibility and security. Multi-cloud strategies allow companies to leverage multiple cloud providers to prevent vendor lock-in.

2. Edge Computing

Edge computing reduces latency by processing data closer to the source, improving performance for applications like IoT, autonomous vehicles, and real-time analytics.

3. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in the Cloud

Cloud-based AI and ML tools are enhancing decision-making, automating tasks, and driving innovation in various industries.

4. Serverless Computing

Serverless computing enables developers to build and run applications without managing infrastructure, leading to increased agility and reduced operational overhead.

5. Quantum Computing in the Cloud

Tech giants like IBM, Google, and AWS are investing in cloud-based quantum computing, which has the potential to solve complex problems in cryptography, material science, and optimization.

Challenges and Considerations

Despite its advantages, cloud computing presents certain challenges:

Security and Compliance: Organizations must ensure compliance with data protection regulations such as GDPR and HIPAA.

Downtime Risks: Cloud outages can impact business operations, making disaster recovery planning essential.

Data Privacy Concerns: Storing sensitive data in third-party cloud environments requires trust and robust encryption measures.

Cost Management: While cloud computing reduces capital costs, inefficient resource allocation can lead to unexpected expenses.

Future of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing continues to evolve, driving innovation across industries. The integration of AI, blockchain, and IoT with cloud services will redefine business models, enhance automation, and improve decision-making processes. As cloud security measures strengthen and hybrid cloud adoption grows, businesses will increasingly rely on cloud solutions for their digital transformation journeys.

ConclusionCloud computing has become an indispensable part of modern business operations. Whether it’s improving efficiency, reducing costs, or enabling remote work, cloud technology is reshaping industries and paving the way for future innovations. As organizations continue to embrace cloud computing, staying updated with the latest trends and security best practices will be key to harnessing its full potential.