#Mrs. Charles B. Alexander

[gogmstuff]

More 1909 portraits -

Left 1909 Juliana Armour Ferguson by Joaquín Sorolla y Bastida (Smith College Museum of Art - Northampton, Massachusetts, USA). From oceansbridge.com/shop/artists/s/soe-spe/sorolla-joaquin-y-bastida/juliana-armour-ferguson?utm_source=pinterest 654X1280.

Right 1909 Margot Asquith by Philip Alexius de László (Chtistie's - Live auction 8020 15Dec11 Lot 33). From their Web site) 3272X4261.

Left 1909 Mrs. Charles B. Alexander by Joaquín Sorolla y Bastida (private collection). From joaquin-sorolla.blogspot.com/2015/06/mrs-charles-b-alexander.html 997X1280.

Right 1909 Mrs. Ira Nelson Morris y sus Hijos by Joaquín Sorolla y Bastida (Hispanic Society Museum & Library - New York City, New York, USA). From joaquin-sorolla.blogspot.com/2009/06/mrs-ira-nelson-morris-y-sus-hijos.html 1236X1600.

Left 1909 Mrs. William H. Gratwick, Emilie Victorine Piolet Mitchell Gratwick by Joaquin Sorolla y Bastida (location ?). From fleurdulys.tumblr.com/post/83297159756/william-h-gratwick-emilie-victorine-piolet 802X1280.

Right 1909 Mrs. Winthrop W. Aldrich (Harriet Alexander) by Joaquín Sorolla y Bastida (Metropolitan Museum of Art - New York City, New York, USA). From Wikimedia 771X1012.

Left 1909 Patricia of Connaught postcard. From eBay fixed spots with Photoshop and removed mono-color tint 952X1486.

Right 1909 Portrait of Countess Sophia Vladimirovna Panina by Ilya Repin (State Russian Museum). From the discontinued Athenaeum Web site 622X885.

Left 1909 Réjane by Ramon Casas (location ?). From verbinina.wordpress.com/2014/08/27/portraits-of-french-actresses-of-la-belle-epoque/ 2330X3000.

Right 1909 Señora de Urcola llevaba una mantilla de negro by Joaquín Sorolla y Bastida (auctioned by Christie's). From Wikimedia 1500X3033.

1909 Emilie Flöge by Atelier d'Ora/Arthur Benda/Madame d'Ora (Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe - Hamburg, Germany). From tumblr.com/fashionsfromthepast/743745372176957440? 743X1200

1909 (22Feb issue) Jugend - Die Raffinierte by Xavier Gose. From tumblr.com/mote-historie/744226861686685696/xavier-gose-paris-die-raffinierte-jugend? 1016X1865.

[yr-obedt-cicero]

The fascination with busts of Hamilton

After @essentialaegis pointed this out in the notes of this post, I started to look back and realize there were quite a few times people had some alluring interest or comments towards busts of Hamilton. These particular recollections being from Elizabeth Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, and none other than Aaron Burr.

I remember nothing more distinctly than a sofa and chairs with spindle tracting legs, upholstered in black broadcloth, embroidered in flowery wreaths by Mrs. [Elizabeth] Hamilton herself, and a marble bust of [Alexander] Hamilton standing on its pedestal in a draped corner. That bust I can never forget, for centuries the old lady always paused before it in her tour of the rooms, and, leaning on her cane, gazed and gazed, as if she could never be satisfied.

The Atlantic Monthly. United States, Atlantic Monthly Company, 1896.

After gazing a moment at these objects, the eye settled with a deeper interest on busts of [Thomas] Jefferson and [Alexander] Hamilton, by Ceracchi, placed on massive pedestals on each side of the main entrance—“opposed in death as in life,” as the surviving original sometimes remarked, with a pensive smile, as he observed the notice they attracted.

Randall, Henry Stephens. The Life of Thomas Jefferson. United States, Derby & Jackson, 1858.

Soon after his return Burr visited Boston. Phillips called on him at the Tremont Hotel, and offered to act the part of a cicerone. Among other places they went to the Athenæum, then on Pearl Street, to see the pictures and look at the library. As they walked down the hall, between the alcoves, Phillips caught sight of a bust of Hamilton, one of the ornaments of the library, which he had forgotten was there. He tried on some pretext to draw Burr in another direction; but he, too, had seen the bust and marched straight up to it. He stood facing it for a moment, then turned and said: “A remarkable man—a very remarkable man.” Upon this he wheeled on both heels in military style and moved on again with great composure.

Martyn, William Carlos. Wendell Phillips: the Agitator: With an Appendix Containing Three of the Orator's Masterpieces, Never Before Published in Book Form, Viz.: "The Lost Arts", "Daniel O'Connell", "The Scholar in a Republic".. United Kingdom, Funk & Wagnalls, 1890.

[Original source Recollections of Wendell Phillips, by F. B. Sanborn]

Take an anecdote in point. Mr. John Ant—n, a brother lawyer, had a bust of Hamilton in his office, and, from a trick or habit, A., when in earnest thought or talk, would fix his eye upon the bust. Burr had a consultation with him; and A., unconsciously, fixed his eye upon the pale Hamilton; but, instantly remembering, withdrew his sight from it, still not before Burr divined his thoughts. The Colonel quietly, slowly poked out his long fingers, pointed to the bust very deliberately, and said: “He may thank me—I made him a great man.”

PARTON, James. The Life and Times of Aaron Burr ... Vice-President of the United States, Etc. Fourteenth Edition. United States, n.p, 1864.

He had occasion to pay some attentions to Aaron Burr during a visit Burr made to Boston after the death of Hamilton. He took him to the Athenæum, and while walking through the sculpture gallery, seeing the bust of Hamilton near him, turned off, naturally thinking it would be disagreeable to Burr to be brought before it. But Burr went directly up to it and said in a very loud tone, ‘Ah! Here is Hamilton.’ And, pressing his finger along certain lines of his face said, ‘There was the poetry!’

Adams, Charles Francis. Richard Henry Dana: A Biography. United States, Houghton, Mifflin, 1891.

Arguably the most beloved busts of Hamilton has been coined as Giuseppe Ceracchi's iconic one. When Ceracchi took a trip to the US in 1791-92, he proposed a monument in honor of the Revolution and appealed to Congress to finance the project. Ceracchi had attempted to raise the funds for the memorial, and Jefferson endorsed him and told Robert Livingston that he was; “a very celebrated sculptor from Rome.” [x] He began sculpting models of the founding fathers, including others like Washington and Jefferson. In July 1792, Ceracchi wrote to Hamilton that he was; “impatient to receive the clay that I had the satisfaction of forming from your witty and significant physiognomy”. [x] When Ceracchi heard the memorial proposal was rejected by Congress on May 7th, 1792, he sent the completed busts to each of his models in 1794. Hilariously, he also sent them each a bill for the work which they didn't ask for. Though while Washington tried to return the bust rather than pay that outrageously for a marbel copy of his face, Hamilton shamelessly paid $620; “for this sum through delicacy paid upon cherachi's draft for making my bust on his own importunity & as a favour to him.” [x]

The Roman stylized bust paints Hamilton like an ancient senator, with a slash of the Order of Cincinnatus over his bare chest—Likely referring to the Society of the Cincinnati, which you can read more about here and here. The original is inscribed on the back in Latin; “DE FACIE PHILADELPHIAE EX ECTIPO FLORENCIAE FACIEBAT JOS. CERACCHI CIDDCCLXXXXIV” Which translates; “Executed in Philadelphia and copied in Florence, Executed by Joseph Ceracchi, 1794.” [x]

The Hamilton family kept the bust until 1896 when they donated it to the New York Public Library, there is also a copy on display at the Grange. This bust would be utilized as a common reference for Hamilton's appearance posthumously, as Trumbull used the bust as model for a series of 1804-1808 portraits of Hamilton, that would later be used for reference on the ten dollar bill. [x] And the first US Postal Service stamp to honor Hamilton was an 1870 30-cent stamp using this bust as a model. [x] Also in 1880 while the bust was owned by Hamilton's son, John Church Hamilton, he lended it so it could be used as a model for the head of the granite statue of Hamilton by Carl Conrads. [x]

[psalm22-6]

The Exhibitors Herald, June 1926

The first of the deluxe presentations was at the Forrest theatre, Philadelphia, Thursday evening. The audience was composed largely of members of the Advertising Clubs of the World, which was holding an international convention in the Quaker City, and the members of the Poor Richard Club. There were also present a large turnout of society, official and judicial life of Philadelphia. The other audience, which included Mrs. Coolidge, members of the diplomatic corps and Washington newspapermen, as guests of the National Press club, viewed the picture at a special screening Friday night at Poli’s theatre in Washington. General W. W. Atterbury; Senator-elect [and notorious political boss] Wm. S. Vare; Senator [and law professor] George W. Pepper; Lieut. Commander Geo. B. Wilson, U. S. Navy [not to be confused with the character from the Great Gatsby] ; Mrs. Barclay Warburton [civil rights supporter and journalist] ; Major Norman MacLeod; E. T. Stottsbury; Paul Thompson; Alexander Van Rensselaer; Mrs. Charlemagne Tower; Dr. H. J. Tily [department story owner, mason] ; Mr. and Mrs. Theodore W. Reath; Frank Smith; Mr. and Mrs. Jos. N. Snellenburg [merchant in clothing trade] ; Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Block; Mr. and Mrs. Jules E. Mastbaum [movie theater and department store magnates] ; George Nitsche [possibly an affiliate of U. Penn]; Josiah H. Penniman [Provost of U. Penn] ; J. Willis Martin [a judge]; H. S. McDevitt; John J. Monaghan. Judge Buffington, of Pittsburgh; Thos Finletter [could be one of a a number of lawyers with this name]; Mr. and Mrs. A. L. Einstein; Maurice Paillard, French consul; Robt. Von Moschzisker [justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania]; Mayor W. Freeland Kendrick; Geo. H. Elliott, director of public safety; Chas. B. Hall, president of City Council; Dr. Charles Hart; Rev. Wm. H. Fineschriber; Chas Fox, district attorney [could be a coincidence but Charles Fox III and IV are both currently lawyers in Pennsylvania]; John Fisler, president Manufacturers Club [golf afficianado]; Albert M. Greenfield [real estate broker and developer]; Jos. P. Gaffney; Mr. and Mrs. Ellis Gimbel [department store owner]; Daniel Gimbel [brother and co-owner along with Ellis]; J. D. Lit; Richard Gimbel [son of Ellis Gimble]; Benedict Gimbel [brother of Ellis and Daniel]; Colonel Robert Glendinning [banker]; Benjamin Golder [member of the Pennsylvania State House of Representatives], Agnew T. Dice [President of Reading Railroad]. Dr. Leon Elmaleh [founder of the Levantine Jews Society of Philadelphia]; H. Gilbert Cassidy [a judge]; Utley E. Crane [author of Business Law for Business Men]; Cyrus H. K. Curtis [magazine publisher]; Chas. S. Caldwell; G. W. Cole; Hampton L. Carson [lawyer, professor, state Attorney general]; A. Lincoln Acker [Philidelphia port collector]; Max Aron [lawyer]; Eugene C. Bonniwell [a judge]; Chas. L. Brown; Edward Groome; Chas. L. Bartlett; Edward Bok [editor of the Ladies Home Journal]; Mr. and Mrs. Geo. H. Lorimer [editor of the Saturday Evening Post]; Edw. Bacon; Chas. Curtis Harrison [a judge]; Samuel S. Eels, Rev. J. J. O’Hara [future Archbishop of Philadelphia], and Bishop Thos. J. Garland, D. D. [Episcopalian bishop]

There were a bunch of Universal employees in attendance too but that's less interesting to me. Let's see who went to the Washington show

Both showings were under the auspices of Ambassador Henri Beragner of France and Marcel Knecht, French publisher and trade representative. Dr. Ferdnand Heurteur, leader of the orchestra of the Paris Opera House, came to the United States to conduct the orchestras at these two showings. Among the distinguished guests at the Washington showing were: Don Juan Riano, Spanish ambassador; Senor and Senora de Mathieu, Chilan ambassador; Raoul Tilmont, secretary, Belgium embassy; G. H. Thompson, second secretary, British embassy; A. J. Pack, British embassy; Eduardo Racedo and Madame Racedo, first secretary, Argentine embassy; Conrado Traverso, Argentine embassy; Dr. and Senora Velarde, Peruvian ambassador; Dr. and Madame Santiago F. Bedoya, secretary, Peruvian embassy; Senor and Senora Tellez, Mexican ambassador; Senor and Senora Castro, secretary, Mexican embassy; Ambassador de Martino, Italy; Colonel Augusto Villa, miltary attache, Italian embassy; Count and Countess Sommati di Mombello, Italian embassy; Signor Leonardo Vitetti, Italian embassy. Baron and Baroness Ago Maltzan, German embassy; Mr. and Madame Matsuidaira, Japanese embassy; Mr. and Madame Gurgel de Amaral, Brazilian embassy; Senor and Senora de Sanchez Aballi, Cuban embassy; Senor Don Jose T. Baron, secretary, Cuban embassy; Brigadier General Georges A. L. Dumont, military attache, French embassy; Mr. Jules Henry, first secretary, French embassy; Major and Madame Georges Thenault, French embassy; Captain and Madame Willm, French embassy; Mr. A. Konow Bojsen, secretary, Danish legation; Mr. and Madame Marc Peter, Swiss ambassador; Mr. Andor de Hertelendy, Hungarian embassay; Senor and Senora Ricardo Jaimes Freyre, Bolivian embassy. Mr. and Mrs. Timothy A. Smiddy, minister, Irish Free State; Mr. and Madame Simoposilis, Minister from Greece; Mr. and Madame Prochnik, Austrian ambassador; Mr. and Madame Charles L. Seya, Latvian embassy; Mahmoud Samy Pasha and Madame Samy Pasha, Egyptian embassy; Mr. Zdenek Fierlinger, Minister from Czechoslovakia; Mr. Simeon Radeff, Bulgarian embassy; Mr. and Madame Jan Ciechanowski, Polish minister; Senor don Manuel Zavala, Nicaragua embassy, and Mr. and Madame Bostrom, Swedish ambassador.

[unfortunate-arrow]

Benedict and Sophie’s children

Mr. and Mrs. Benedict Bridgerton had four children: Charles, Alexander, William, and Violet. All four were known for their quiet and even dispositions, matching their parents’ temperaments. As the eldest, Charles was, perhaps, the least serious. While not an overly outgoing person, Charles found a calling in medicine and was always fascinated by the new developments that came each day. He had an open mind and found it easier to accept the changes to his field than some of his medical peers. Even without holding a title, Charles was considered a highly eligible man to the ton, and many were disappointed when it was announced that he was engaged to a governess. As the second son, Alexander was the most protective. He kept an eye on his younger siblings and cousins, and was often involved in numerous scuffles during his time at school. Alexander found his niche in architecture, combining the creativity that he had inherited from his father with the knack for numbers that he had inherited from his mother. He shocked the ton when he announced his engagement to the duke of Ashbourne’s youngest daughter, as the dowager duchess of Ashbourne had declared that the second son of a second son was not a suitable match for her granddaughter. As the third son, William was the quietest. However, his quiet nature often hid the turmoil that was brewing beneath his calm demeanor as he struggled to find his calling and purpose in life. An eligible choice for the ton’s debutantes, William broke hearts and caused scandal when he announced his engagement to an Irish Catholic woman. As the youngest and only daughter, Violet ended up becoming the most guarded of Mr. and Mrs. Benedict Bridgerton’s children. Having a personality that was extremely similar to her mother’s, Violet attracted her fair share of suitors. However, all of her serious suitors let her down… except for the fourteenth marquess of Insley, who succeeded in fulfilling all that Violet had wanted in a suitor, but also had his own scandalous past to contend with.

Charles Edmund “Charlie” Bridgerton

Born in 1818, Charlie is a momma’s boy. He’s always been very close to Sophie. He looks to her for advice, even more than he does his father. He also trusts Sophie’s advice a little more than he does Benedict’s advice. 

Charlie’s godfather is Anthony and his godmother is Posy.

He doesn’t go by “Charlie” until he starts school and there happens to be two other boys in his year who are also named Charles and have a surname starting with B. He also cannot go by “Bridgerton” because his cousins, Edmund and Miles, are also at school at the time as him and then his brothers and more cousins join him. 

Charlie stands at 6’1”, making him shorter than his youngest brother, William, but taller than his brother, Alexander. However, both height differences are only an inch. He also has the Bridgerton chestnut hair and Sophie’s green eyes. 

Charlie is the Benophie kid most in touch with his emotions. He’s an introvert at heart, but he enjoys spending time with people more than his younger brothers do, although not as much as his sister does. He also sometimes feels like he’s missing out on something when he doesn’t want to go out. 

Charlie has always been curious. He wanted to know everything about everything and loved to learn new things. He also likes trying out new ways to do things.

He becomes a doctor. This was driven by feeling helpless after his little brother’s accident and taking a few medical classes during university that ended up completely grabbing his attention. Charlie even readily accepts it when new advances or theories emerge in the field of medicine and will actively rant about them to any willing (or even unwilling) listener. He ends up mostly as a country doctor, and doesn’t mind not being in the city. In fact, he’s quite happy with being a country doctor as long as he can read about the new advances in the cities and try to implement them in his own practice. 

In the summer of 1846, Charlie spent a few months visiting his Uncle Gregory, Aunt Lucy, and little cousins. He met his wife, Helena “Nell” Shepherd there. She had been hired to be a governess for Gregory and Lucy’s youngest five children. Charlie falls for her quickly.

Charlie’s marriage to Nell places him on the list of scandalous Bridgerton marriages, especially given the stuff that goes down shortly after they get engaged. 

Charlie married Nell in November of 1846, when he was 28 and she was 25.

Charlie and Nell have five children together, Norman, Sophia, Meg, Franklin, and Linus. Their eldest son, Norman Benedict Bridgerton, is eighteen months older than their eldest daughter, Sophia Abigail Bridgerton. Their second daughter, Margaret Helena “Meg” Bridgerton, is two years younger than Sophia. Their second son, Franklin Charles Bridgerton, was born three years after Meg. Their third son, Linus Edmund Bridgerton, was born four years after Franklin.

Alexander Nicholas Bridgerton 

Born in 1820, Alexander is a bit of a momma’s boy. However, he’s never had a strong preference for either parent, although he is a bit closer to Sophie. He’s more likely to go to Sophie with his problems, though. 

Alexander’s godfather is Colin and his godmother is Eloise.

He never goes by “Alex” or “Alec.” He just never wanted to and never had to. He’s content being “Alexander.” 

Standing at 6’0”, Alexander is the shortest of Benedict and Sophie’s three sons. He’s not short, but it does drive him a bit crazy that his younger brother is two inches taller than him. Like his older brother, Alexander has the Bridgerton chestnut hair and Sophie’s green eyes.

Alexander has a protective streak. He doesn’t put up with anyone saying negative things about the people he cares about. He got into a lot of fights during his school days because he refused to put up with bullies picking on the smaller boys. This streak became a little more noticeable after his little brother’s accident. 

Alexander is the most artistic of Benedict and Sophie’s four children. This leads him to become an architect, as he also discovers that he has Sophie’s knack for numbers. 

Alexander is a talented fencer. He really enjoys fencing and is the only one of his brothers who can regularly beat their sister in fencing bouts. 

He is an introvert and prefers to spend time with a select group of people, who do mostly end up being his family. He’s not the biggest fan of balls. Although, he’s not as introverted as his younger brother. He’s also not as extroverted as his older brother or younger sister. 

In the 1847 season, Alexander agrees to attend more events than he usually does and at a ball hosted by his aunt and uncle, he sees Lady Emma Rutledge across the dance floor. He’s immediately intrigued by her and eventually falls hard for her. However, Alexander finds himself branded unsuitable by Emma’s grandmother, as he doesn’t have a title and isn’t an appropriate husband for a duke’s daughter.

While he appears uptight, Alexander is, at heart, a romantic and enjoys doing small romantic gestures for the woman he loves. The first ever gesture he does for Emma is gifting her a pair of spectacles after he noticed that she kept squinting while they were dancing and that she continually bumped into people or stepped on their toes. (Emma insists on wearing them at the next ball, despite her grandmother’s insistence that men do not want a lady in spectacles.) 

Alexander married Emma in 1847, when he was 27 and she was 23. 

Alexander and Emma struggled to have children in their early years of marriage and they only had one successful pregnancy which occurred about nine and a half years into their marriage and resulted in identical twin boys, Vincent and Beckett. Vincent Charles Bridgerton was older than Beckett Nicholas Bridgerton by fourteen minutes.

William Benedict Bridgerton

Born in 1822, William is a bit closer to Benedict than he is Sophie. He doesn’t have a strong preference for either parent, but he is more likely to consult Benedict when he has a problem. 

William’s godfather is Gregory and his godmother is Francesca.

William was born prematurely. He was born early enough to scare his parents, but late enough to survive without modern medicine. (Here’s the link to the story I wrote about his birth, as he’s the one Sophie had difficulty with in my Next Gen ‘verse.) 

William was also a late talker. He didn’t start talking until he was nearly two, which was influenced by the fact that he was born prematurely.

At the age of ten, while attempting to keep up with his older cousins during a family party at the Hastings estate, William was thrown from his horse. The first one to notice was Edmund, who as the eldest at 17, immediately took charge. He sent David to get the dads and Miles to take Charlie and Alexander back to the house while Oliver calmed William’s horse. It was Edmund’s quick actions that saved William’s life and by some miracle, William walked away without any life altering injuries. Sure, his right arm was badly broken as were both his legs, he had a concussion, and needed stitches in a few different places. But there was nothing permanent… unlike his cousin-in-law, Neil Pemberton, who was left with a limp after his own horse riding accident. William did have  to relearn how to write, mostly because he was right-handed and wasn’t able to write for a while. Perhaps the biggest thing was that William never wanted to ride a horse again. 

William has always been the quietest of Benedict and Sophie’s four children. He didn’t confide in many people and kept most of his thoughts to himself. This tendency was exacerbated by his accident. Sometimes, it seemed that the only people who could pry things out of him were Benedict, Sophie, and his cousin, Charlotte. He’s often found alone, enjoying things that can be done in his own company.

Due to his quiet and reserved nature, no one really discovers how difficult it is for William to find his profession in life. His brothers both have their own passions for their chosen professions and his sister had her own passions, but William cannot seem to figure out what his passion is or what he wants to do with his life.

Of Benedict and Sophie’s three sons, William is the tallest and stands at 6’2”. He also looks exactly like Benedict. Sometimes, his grandmother thinks she’s looking at his father when he was William’s age.

In 1848, William literally runs into Róisín O’Connolly outside of a shop. He stops to help her pick up her fallen belongings and is immediately smitten. She has an Irish accent and is just a tad awkward around him. He thinks that he’ll never see her again, so imagine his surprise when he sees Róisín in a parlor, arguing fiercely with a politician about the policies dealing with the famine in Ireland. Of course, the idea of someone in the aristocracy marrying an Irish Catholic is met with scorn from most of the ton.

William married Róisín in 1848, when he was 26 and she was 24.

William and Róisín have four children together. They have three daughters named Maeve Sophia Bridgerton, Kathleen Mary Bridgerton, and Ivy Róisín Bridgerton each born two years apart, and a son named Oscar William Bridgerton, who was born three years after their youngest daughter, Ivy.

Violet Maria Bridgerton

Born in 1824, Violet is a daddy’s girl. She’s always been very close to Benedict. She generally looks to him for advice, even more so than she does her mother. However, as she grows older, Violet becomes closer to her mother. She’s also close to her grandmother and namesake. 

Violet’s godfather is Phillip and her godmother is Daphne. 

Violet is the only one of Benedict and Sophie’s children to inherit Sophie’s blonde hair. She also has Benedict’s hazel eyes. In addition, she has her mother’s more petite stature, standing at 5’4” and looking like she’s in a hole whenever she stands next to her brothers, who are all 6’0” or taller. 

Violet is the most extroverted (but she’s still an introvert) of Benedict and Sophie’s four children. Violet has always been the most social. She loved to hang around and chat with her cousins or the aunts. Although, she would disappear, sometimes for hours on end. 

However, despite being the most social, Violet is also the most guarded. She has five seasons of poor and horrid suitors, most of whom were only interested in what she could give them. This resulted in Violet beginning to be more guarded with her emotions and herself, mostly with people who were not the family. 

From the ages of four to six, Violet brings home injured animals to help them heal. Benedict and Sophie aren’t necessarily impressed, but they do end up adopting a retriever puppy when Violet is five as it was the runt of the litter and no one else wanted the puppy. And Violet got her brothers invested in the puppy too.

Violet took fencing lessons with her brothers and is quite talented. Alexander is the only one who can regularly beat her in bouts. There’s a more even playing field when she fences with Charles or William. 

In 1848, Violet decides that she would only do one more season. She’s tired of suitors who aren’t interested in her and think that she would be an easy target to join the power of the Bridgerton family. Luckily, Violet meets Jonathan “Jack” Fullerton, the new (and awkward) marquess of Insley and makes it her mission to make him feel comfortable. He’s different and has a complicated family history, but Violet finds herself losing much of her guard and falling hard for Jack on her crusade to make him feel more comfortable within the ton. 

Violet married Jack in 1848, when she was 24 and he was 27.

Violet and Jack have four children together: Thomas, Levi, Josie, and Leo. Their eldest son, Thomas Benedict, is two years older than their second son, Levi Jonathan. Their daughter, Josephine Sophia (or Josie, as she’s more commonly known) is three years younger than Levi. Their youngest son, Leopold Harry (or Leo, as he’s more commonly known) is eighteen months younger than their daughter, Josie.

Anthony & Kate’s children • Colin & Penelope’s children • Daphne & Simon’s children • Eloise & Phillip’s children • Francesca & Michael’s children • Gregory & Lucy’s children • Hyacinth & Gareth’s children

[whatdoesshedotothem]

Wednesday 12 July 1837

8

12 55

fine morning but dull F54° at 9, and breakfast In about ¾ hour – then to the hay barn – found  Messrs. Holt (James) and Wood, Mr. Bates’s engineer there come to speak to Booth who came soon afterwards – sent B- and W- to the wheel-race and followed slowly with Holt – he did not see Mr. Jeremiah Rawson on Monday – is to see him tomorrow – told H- I had well considered the business – sure no agreement could be comfortably made with Mr. R – and desired H- to ask what they would take for the Bank-bottom staith  and upper and lower bed soughs, but to say that he (H-) had mentioned the thing to me and I had said I would have nothing to do with it, but would abide by my answer to Messrs. Alexander – if Mr. R- chose to make me any definite proposal, he might do so – but I would offer nothing – H- said he had been calculating and found that the coal would be hurried at less expense by the steam engine up the Incline than along Mr. R-‘s road by 3 galloways – the coal along R-‘s road would cost 1/. per score hurrying much more uphill road than mine would be, and mine would also be much better for the upper bed and for carrying the loose forwards – in short H- owned that he had come round to my opinion that it would be best to push on with the Incline – I told him the job engine and all would = £2500 – no! not quite that he thought – he said it would cost me £200 to make R-‘s road available to me (he said the other day it would be done (all to be walled and arched) at 10/. a yard - .:. I should have 400 yards to wall and arch which would take longer doing than 2 months (the time he mentioned the other day) – I convinced him the Inline would pay me best even it cost £2500 – R- would not take less than £1000 + £200 and extras = £1200+ would be more than ½ the Incline; and after all, we could not pull out ½ as much coal as by the Incline; and it was the quantity got that we ought to look to – By the Incline we could get 6 acres per annum and H- agreed we should have sale for as much if we could get it – sometime with Messrs. H- and Wood and Booth at the wheel-race – all to be ready on Monday next for Joseph Mann to being setting the pumps – on this promise from both W- and H- for him I consented to delay setting up the gin – Joseph M- and co. and Charles Howarth took it down today, and Zebedee brought the bolts and lights part down this afternoon to Listerwick cabin, but will not set the gin up just yet at Listerwick – will wait and be sure that I do not want it 1st at the Engine pit – long while talking to Booth – talking over the work to be done, and disposing of the men 7 masons and 1 labour and 4 lads and B- himself  - to take 3 and labour to the pen-trough to be done in a fortnight – and the temainder to finish the hay-barn in a fortnight – then the haybarn men do the jobs at home and the back Lodge (and the pen-trough) men do Little marsh I would give up the terrace wall till next year -  Little marsh to be done by the 1st of October – B- not against my giving up working the Hipperholme quarry as soon as we have got all the footings we can – it was after 12 before I got back – asked Booth in to have beer and bread before going to Dobsons’ to order more ashler for pentrough – sometime with A- out again about 1 – at the hay barn Thomas Pearson’s cart filling up the low end with scale from the old slip in pit and bringing stone from between wood and sour Ing to wall up for hay barn floor to rest on – about (before) 12 John B- come to tell Mrs. Henry Priestley and Miss Larkham had called – very civil to them – Mrs. HP- asked if anything remained of the hall – shewed them over the house and cellars – they had walked from the Lodge and the carriage followed them sometime afterwards and returned to the Lodge while I walked with the 2 ladies to the haybarn and thro’ the paddock into the Godley road – asked Mrs. HP- to come and spend a day with us – she will come next summer – both A- and I very civil –s aw them in their  carriage (Mr. Edwards’ carriage) at 2 ¾ then a little while at the hay barn – the stack got up ½ height [?] last night – asked Mark Hepworth (the stacker) to get me a cart horse to job about for 2 or 3 months to come – he said Sugden had given £30 or less a piece for the 2 bay horses – Mark would get to know what he really did give – from about 3 ¼ to 7 with Robert Mann + 5 at the new pool – or rather set Mr. Gray squaring and setting out the lines of terrace, and set the men regularly to work – I really must be with them all the day, or I see little will be done – they  had got more bilberry sods, and placed them, and planted fox gloves, and monkey plant and Coll myrtle in full flower to shew the effect of colour along the new pool and the one immediately beneath and had been repuddling at the foot of the Sam stone – came in at 7 5 – dinner at 7 25 out with Mr. Gray at 8 ½ the men all gone – would stay till 8 ¼ - A- sent for us to witness the signing of Bairstow’s lease of water Lane mill – Messrs. B- Tetley and Cunliffe come – B- objected to pay the insurance – A- rather pothered – I thought she ought to insure the building for £700 or £800 and the wheel and going geer for £150 – I had told Cunliffe the radical he ought to give us a split vote for Wortley, and the other should plump for Wood – but finding B- awkward about signing , I quietly said A- did not care whether they signed or not, and I wanted he to go out and she had best leave them – so out we all went for ½ hour at the end of which time George came to say, as he had done on our going out (when we had desired him to tell them they must wait) that they would sign, on which we (A- and I and Mr. Gray) went to them in the upper kitchen (at 9 40) and Mr. Gray and I witnessed their all signing the lease, and I witnessed A-s’ signed the copy of the lease written by herself which B- and co. took away with them – the water Lane mill lease signed term 8 years dated by me 31 January last – then at 10 coffee – Letter charged as weighing one oz. from the office of Messrs. Gray solicitors York (in Mr. Watsons’ handwriting?) containing the account of interest due from A- and myself  the 15th instant and containing the deposition respecting Eliza Raines’ will by Mrs. Duffin and Mr. Jonathan Gray himself but not containing that stated to have been given by Mrs. Belcombe senior – came upstairs at 10 ½ at which hour F55° - fine day tho’ rather gloomy – about 3 10 came a man from Mr. John Dearden junior the chair-man of the country election committee with the subscription book to defray the election expense of Mr. John Stuart Wortley – too much to pay expense of the 2 brothers borough and country – 4 names down Messrs. John Derden, Waterhouse, Rawson (Christopher) and Holmes (Thomas) for £20 each – I put my name down for £10

[nananieshitpost]

Antike (ca. 2000 vChr. bis ca. 500 nChr.)

Gilgamesch-Epos

Homer: Ilias, Odyssee

Äsop: Fabelsammlung

Caesar, Gaius Iulius: Der gallische Krieg

Vergil: Aeneis

Ovid: Metamorphosen

Tacitus, Publius Cornelius: Germania

Augustinus, Aurelius: Bekenntnisse

Herodot: Historien

Mittelalter (500-1500)

Beowulf

Murasaki Shikibu: Die Geschichte vom Prinzen Genji

1001 Nacht

Nibelungenlied

Gottfried von Straßburg: Tristan

Wolfram von Eschenbach: Parzival

Chaucer, Geoffrey: Die Canterbury-Erzählungen

Renaissance (1500-1600) und

Barock (1600-1720)

Boccaccio, Giovanni: Das Dekameron

Brant, Sebastian: Das Narrenschiff

Machiavelli, Niccolö: Der Fürst

More, Thomas: Utopia

Rabelais, Franois: Gargantua und Pantagruel

Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de: Don Quijote

Grimmelshausen: Der Abentheurliche Simplicissimus Teutsch

Aufklärung (1720-1785)

Hobbes, Thomas: Leviathan

Fielding, Henry: Die Geschichte des Tom Jones, eines Findlings

Voltaire: Candide

Sterne, Laurence: Leben und Ansichten von Tristram Shandy, Gentleman

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques: Emile oder Über die Erziehung

Kant, Immanuel: Kritik der reinen Vernunft

Sturm und Drang (1765-1790)

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von: Die Leiden des jungen Werthers

Bürger, Gottfried August: Münchhausen

Klassik (1786-1832)

Defoe, Daniel: Robinson Crusoe

Swift, Jonathan: Gullivers Reisen

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von: Die Wahlverwandtschaften

Kleist, Heinrich von: Michael Kohlhaas

Romantik (1798-1835)

Arnim, Achim von/Brentano, Clemens: Des Knaben Wunderhorn

Grimm, Jacob und Wilhelm: Kinder- und Hausmärchen

Austen, Jane: Stolz undVorurteil

Eichendorff, Joseph Freiherr von: Aus dem Leben eines Taugenichts

Andersen, Hans Christian: Märchen

Gogol, Nikolai: Tote Seelen

Balzac, Honore de: Verlorene Illusionen, Glanz und Elend der Kurtisanen

Bronte, Charlotte: Jane Eyre

Bronte, Emily: Die Sturmhöhe

Huge, Victor: Die Elenden

Biedermeier und Vormärz (1815-1848)

Heine, Heinrich: Buch der Lieder, Deutschland. Ein Wintermärchen

Büchner, Georg: Lenz

Droste-Hülshoff, Annette von: Die Judenbuche

Moderne (1850-1968)

Melville, Herman: Moby Dick

Beecher Stowe, Harriett: Onkel Toms Hütte

Keller, Gottfried: Dergrüne Heinrich

Dickens, Charles: Große Erwartungen

Dostojewski, Fjodor: Der Idiot

Tolstoi, Lew: Krieg und Frieden

Mark Twain: Tom Sawyers Abenteuer

Storm, Theodor: Der Schimmelreiter

Wilde, Oscar: Das Bildnis des Dorian Gray

Lagerlöf, Selma: Gösta Berling, Nils Holgersson

Fontane, Theodor: Effi Briest

Mann, Thomas: Buddenbrooks, Der Zauberberg

Proust, Marcel: Auf der Suche nach der verlorenen Zeit

Joyce, James: Ulysses

Babel, Isaak: Die Reiterarmee

Fitzgerald, Francis Scott: Der große Gatsby

Kafka, Franz: Der Prozess, Das Schloss

Woolf, Virginia: Mrs. Dalloway

Hesse, Hermann: Der Steppenwolf, Das Glasperlenspiel

Döblin, Alfred: Berlin Alexanderplatz

Remarque, Erich Maria: Im Westen nichts Neues

Roth, Joseph: Hiob, Radetzkymarsch

Traven, B.: Das Totenschiff

Fallada, Hans: Kleiner Mann - was nun?

Mann, Klaus: Mephisto

Steinbeck, John: Früchte des Zorns

Orwell, George: Farm der Tiere

Machfus, Nagib: Die Midaq-Gasse

Camus, Albert: Die Pest

Greene, Graham: Der dritte Mann

Dürrenmatt, Friedrich: Der Richter und sein Henker

Nabokov, Vladimir: Lolita

Tomasi di Lampedusa, Giuseppe: Der Leopard

Frisch, Max: Homo Faber

Aitmatow, Tschingis: Dshamilja

Grass, Günter: Die Blechtrommel

Solschenizyn, Alexander: Ein Tag im Leben des Iwan Denissowitsch

Wolf, Christa: Der geteilte Himmel

Bulgakow, Michail: Der Meister und Margarita

Garcia Märquez, Gabriel: Hundertjahre Einsamkeit

Gegenwart (ab 1968)

Lenz, Siegfried: Deutschstunde

Kertesz, Imre: Roman eines Schicksallosen

Eco, Umberto: Der Name der Rose

Jelinek, Elfriede: Die Klavierspielerin

Kundera, Milan: Die unerträgliche Leichtigkeit des Seins

Morrison, Toni: Menschenkind

Vargas Llosa, Mario: Das Fest des Ziegenbocks

[blooming-lily-petals]

Musicals Put On By Night Raven College

Drama Teacher: Ratton (OC based off of Ratigan from the Great Mouse Detective):

SIX:

(The first names are the singers, the second names are their dance partners as creative liberties for this musical playing Henry VIII or just the men mentioned in the songs).

Catherine of Aragon - Vil + Juna (1/8 MCs).

Anne Boelyn - Jinsuke (7/8 MCs) + Silver

Jane Seymour - Lilia + Idia

Anne of Cleeves - Riddle + Floyd

Katherine Howard - Norito (5/8 MCs) + Sebek

Catherine Parr - Rinsay (2/8 MCs) + Rook

Heathers:

Veronica - Rinsay (2/8 MCs)

J. D. - Rook

Heather Chandler - Vil

Heather Duke - Jinsuke (7/8 MCs)

Heather McNamara - Cater

Ram - Ace

Kurt - Deuce

Ram’s Dad - Trey

Kurt’s Dad - Arthur (An oc, big brother of Riddle)

Martha Dunnstock - Kalim

Ms. Fleming - Epel (imagine him saying “And Steve, I’m ending our affair” in his actual voice).

Sweeney Todd the Demon Barber of Fleet Street:

Sweeney Todd - Malleus

Mrs. Lovett - Isara (8/8 MCs)

Anthony Hope - Silver

Johanna - Jinsuke (7/8 MCs)

Judge Turpin - Leona

Beadle - Ruggie

Toby - Ortho

Pirelli - Floyd

‘Old Woman’ / Lucy - Vil

Les Misérables:

Valjean - Dante (oc based off of Drizella; Prof. Trien’s oldest child)

Javert - Sebek

Fantine - Vil

Child / Adult Cosette - Epel

Monsieur Thénardier - Floyd

Madame Thénardier - Jinsuke (7/8 MCs)

Éponine - Cater

Gavroche - Ortho

Enjolras - Ace

Grantaire - Deuce

Marius - Hiraku (3/8 MCs)

Courfeyrac - Rook

Combeferre - Trey

Joly - Pippa (strong oc based off of Panic from Hercules)

Bahorel - Jack

Feuilly - Ruggie

Bossuet - Isara (8/8 mcs)

Jehan - Riddle

The Forman - Althea (oc based off of Pain)

The Bishop - Kalim

Hamilton:

Alexander Hamilton - Ace

Aaron Burr - Leona

George Washington - Malleus

Thomas Jefferson - Arthur (oc; Riddle’s older brother)

James Madison - Azul

John Laurens - Deuce

Hercules Mulligan - Dante (OC based off of Drizella)

Marquis de Lafayette - Rook

Angelica Schuyler - Vil

Eliza Schuyler - Anteros (OC based off of Meg from Hercules)

Peggy Schuyler - Polkus (OC based off of Iago from Aladdin)

Philip Hamilton - Ruggie

King George III - Floyd

Samuel Seabury - Pippa (Panic from Hercules)

Charles Lee - Kalim

George 1 Eaker - Jack

Maria Reynolds - Norito (5/8 mcs)

James Reynolds - Jamil

Hadestown:

Orpheus - Hiraku (3/8 mcs)

Eurydice - Epel

Hermes - Ace

Hades - Idia

Persephone - Lilia

Fate 1 - Kiza (6/8 mcs)

Fate 2 - Norito (5/8 mcs)

Fate 3 - Rinsay (2/8 mcs)

Beetlejuice:

Beetlejuice - Floyd

Lydia - Norito (5/8 mcs)

Lydia’s Dad - Juna (1/8 mcs)

Lydia’s Step Mother, Delia - Vil

Barbara - Cater

Barbara’s Husband, Adam - Trey

The Landlord - Azul

The Dead Woman, Ms. Argentina - Jinsuke (7/8 mcs)

Girl Scout, Sky - Ortho

Below is where my fiancé and I don’t have any ideas but if you guys do, they will be appreciated! ☺️🫰

Dear Evan Hansen:

Evan Hansen -

Evan’s Mom -

Connor -

Connor’s Sister -

Connor’s Mother -

Connor’s Father -

Evan’s Friend -

Be More Chill:

Jeremy - Idia

Michael -

Christine -

Rich -

Jake -

Popular Girl 1 -

Popular Girl 2 -

Popular Girl 3 -

The S.q.u.i.b -

The Greatest Showman:

B. T. Barnum -

B. T. Barnum’s Wife -

B. T. Barnum’s Children -

The Right Hand Man -

The Acrobat -

The Bearded Lady -

The Opera Singer -

Percy Jackson and the Lightning Thief Part 1:

Percy -

Percy’s Mom -

Grover -

Annabeth -

Luke -

Clarice -

Chiron -

Dionysus -

Ares -

Poseidon -

Hades - Idia

Zeus -

Hermes -

Chronos -

Alecto -

Dr. Horrible’s Sing-Along Blog:

Dr. Horrible - Idia

Penny - Lilia

In The Heights:

Usnavy -

Vanessa -

Sonny -

Nina -

Benny -

Nina’s Mom -

Nina’s Dad -

Abuela Claudia -

Hairdresser Woman -

Teenage Girl -

1776:

John Adams -

Benjamin Franklin -

Richard Henry Lee -

John Dickinson -

James Wilson -

Edward Rutledge -

John Hancock -

Charles Thomson -

Robert Livingston -

Roger Sherman -

Dr. Lyman Hall -

Reverend John Witherspoon -

Lewis Morris -

Stephen Hopkins -

Andrew McNair -

Charley McNair -

Billy Hartford -

Abigail Adams -

Martha Jefferson -

The Book of Mormon:

[if-you-fan-a-fire]

“6 More Witnesses Tell of Riot In Dorchester Pen.,” Moncton Daily Times. March 6, 1933. Page 5. ---- Preliminary Hearing Continued Saturday in Case of Five Convicts Charged with Rioting at Institution Early in January - Adjournment Made Until Wednesday. ---- (Special to the Times) Dorchester, N. B. March 4th - Following the evidence of six witnesses here this forenoon before Magistrate C, J. M. Chapman, the preliminary hearing of Alexander Carvery, James Izzard. Charles Jackson and George Walker, all Inmates of the Maritime penitentary here, charged with rioting in the institution on January 7 last with intent to damage the workshops and prison buildings, was adjourned until Wednesday more to March 8th, at 10 o'clock.

Col. E. C. Weyman of Saint John, is appearing in the interests of the Attorney General's Department and the accused are not represented by counsel.

The first witness called this morning was guard Clarence T. Douglas, who told of being on duty this day of the rioting, and had in his charge two convicts of the farm gang with the teamsters. He said he had taken his men to the prison at 4.10 o'clock and from the yard had taken them into the dome. He said he had then gone to D4 landing and from there to C 3 landing where three men were locked in their cells. "Let's Tear Her Down" The first intimation he had of trouble, he said was when he saw Izzard come to C3 landing and shout "come on boys, let's tear her down." He saw a convict named Silver throw his dishes into the dome and that Izzard had thrown a cupboard into the corridor. The witness said he recognised Jackson, who was also throwing articles over the landings and that he also seen Carvery, who was also heaving furnishings out of the cells. One convict, he said, had yelled at him "come on get out of here and help us tear this place down or we will throw you over the landing." He said he also saw a convict named Gaudet run up a ladder. There was a variety of articles thrown about, he said, and a lot of noise. He continued to say that Carvery, was not in his own cell on A 3 landing but to the one next to it. Mr. Douglas said there was from 20 to 56 convicts throwing things about in the north wing with Izzard and Jackson being the most active.

Harry E. lson, chief engineer, told a story of the commencement of the riot which agreed with others already told. He said he had first heard convicts shouting as they came out of the carpenter shop and that he had heard Silver yell "tear her down, boys." Mr Ison said he had been on the lookout for fire because of the water being shut off due to many toilets being broken and water running over the landings. He listed the damage done in his department alone as having a total monetary value of 1963.75.

Threw Tear Gas Bomb Thomas Nelson, hospital overseer, told of being one of members of the armed squad and of throwing a tear gas bomb into the cracking shop. He said be had recognized Carvery, lssard, Gaudet and a convict named Murphy coming cat of the shed.

David H. Cormier told of the riot and of recognizing Issard and of seeing Jackson in his cell. Jackson, he said, was making considerable noise and threatened to beat anybody in the staff if be could get out.

Fernley A. Lyne also said he saw Izzard throw a box of rubbish over the landing and the man Silver was also throwing articles.

There were approximately 3000 window panes smashed in the building, 305 window sashes broken, these sashes were in North and South wings, cracking shed and hospital. There were 300 cupboards broken, the damage to windows would run into hundreds of dollars, the cupboards damaged would be around $300.00, there were 300 chairs broken, also mattresses, pillows and wash basins destroyed.

H. T. Leblanc. librarian. told of damages done to books as follows: school books destroyed about 300 at an estimated value of $240.24, 254 novels and French novels, a typewriter and its cover at a value of $360.16, 

The hearing was then adjourned until ten o'clock Wednesday

[pub-lius]

Learn the Alphabet with Alexander Hamilton

heyo so uh i just finished all the notes for my George Washington post, so in the meantime, have this <3 (not all these quotes were actually said by him, and i think its obvious which ones those are lol. if you can find something he said that starts with x ill kiss you /j)

A: “A garden, you know, is a very usual refuge of a disappointed politician.” -Letter to Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, December 29, 1802

B: “...Burr has never appeared solicitous for fame, and that great Ambition unchecked by principle, or the love of Glory, is an unruly Tyrant which never can keep long in a course which good men will approve.” -Letter to James Bayard, January 16, 1801

C: “Common interest may always be reckoned upon as the surest bond of sympathy.” -Federalist No. 35, January 5, 1788

D: “...destruction of life and property incident to war,... will compel nations the most attached to liberty to resort for repose and security to institutions which have a tendency to destroy their civil and political rights.” -Federalist No. 8, November 20, 1787

E: “Experience is the oracle of truth; and where its responses are unequivocal, they ought to be conclusive and sacred.” -Federalist No. 20, December 12, 1787

F: “Folly makes me ashamed and beg youll conceal it, yet Neddy we have seen such Schemes successful when the Projector is Constant. I shall Conclude saying I wish there was a War.” -Letter to Edward Stevens, November 11, 1769

G: “Give therefore to the first class [rich and well born] a distinct, permanent share in the government. They will check the unsteadiness of the second, and as they cannot receive any advantage by a change, they therefore will ever maintain good government.” -Farrand’s Records of the Federal Convention of 1787, June 19, 1787

H: “Heresies in either [religion or politics] can rarely be cured by persecution.” -Federalist No.1, October 27, 1787

I: “I lose all taste for the pursuits of ambition, I sigh for nothing but the company of my wife and my baby. The ties of duty alone or imagined duty keep me from renouncing public life altogether.” -Letter to Richard Kidder Meade, March 1782

J: “Justice is the end of government. It is the end of civil society. It ever has been, and ever will be, pursued, until it be obtained, or until liberty be lost in the pursuit.” -Federalist No. 51, February 6, 1788

K: “[Know that] if a meme is dank, a man is not only right to steal it, he is obligated to do so.” -Statement on the impending duel with Aaron Burr, written June 28-July 10, 1804

L: “Lastly, I shall hazard much, and can possibly gain nothing by the issue of the interview. But it was, as I conceive, impossible for me to avoid it. There were intrinsick difficulties in the thing, and artificial embarrassments, from the manner of proceeding on the part of Col Burr.” -Actual statement on the impending duel, June 28-July 10, 1804

M: “Man is very much a creature of habit. A thing that rarely strikes his senses will generally have but little influence upon his mind.” Federalist No. 27, December 25, 1787

N: “Nothing has given me so much chagrin as the Intelligence that the Federal party were thinking seriously of supporting Mr. Burr for president. I should consider the execution of the plan as devoting the country and signing their own death warrant.” -Letter to James McHenry, January 4, 1801

O: “One great error is that we suppose mankind more honest than they are.” -Constitution Convention, June 22, 1787

P: “...power over a man’s subsistence amounts to a power over his will.” -Federalist No. 79, May 28, 1788

Q: “Ququququqquuuquququuqu” -the sound he made when he got shot probably

R: “...Russians would make the best troops in the world, if they were under other officers than their own.” -Letter to John Jay, March 14, 1779

S: “Sometime last fall when I spoke to your Excellency about going to the Southward, I explained to you candidly my feelings with respect to military reputation, and how much it was my object to act a conspicuous part in some enterprise that might perhaps raise my character as a solider above mediocrity...” -Letter to George Washington, November 22, 1780

T: “The weak side of a republican government is the danger of foreign influence.” -Debate at the Constitutional Convention, June 18, 1787

U: “Under every form of government, rulers are only trustees for the happiness and interest of their nation, and cannot, consistently with their trust, follow the suggestions of kindness or humanity towards others, to the prejudice of their constituents.” -Notation in the margin of Gazette of the United States, July 10, 1793

V: “Vigor of government is essential to the security of liberty...” -Federalist No. 1, October 27, 1787

W: “Why has government been instituated at all? Because the passions of men will not conform to the dictates of reason and justice, without constraint.” -Federalist No. 15, December 1, 1787

X: “xoxo gossip girl” -Signature at the end of the Federalist Papers

Y: “You should not have taken advantage of my sensibility to steal into my affection without my consent.” -Letter to John Laurens, April 1779

Z: “Zzzzzzzzz” -him snoring in Maria Reynolds’ bed

[aic-european]

The Nativity, Fra Bartolommeo, 1504, Art Institute of Chicago: European Painting and Sculpture

The young Baccio della Porta came under the spell of the charismatic Dominican friar Girolamo Savonarola, joining his monastic order as Fra (Friar) Bartolommeo in 1500 and forsaking his painting career for several years. Returning to painting in 1504, he looked to the most lyrical and harmonious recent works of Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo to form his own style, which was characterized by a new, quiet spirituality. The palette of saturated blue, red, and green announces the Holy Family, while the muted tones of the angels’ garments establish an otherworldly presence. Here he treated the Nativity in a traditional, though especially intimate, manner. The Virgin kneels humbly as she gazes at the Christ Child, while Joseph assumes a pose of restrained wonderment, as if suddenly aware of the infant’s divine nature. The family shelters in a rustic stall erected within the ruins of an edifice understood to be the palace of David at Bethlehem. This juxtaposition of architecture symbolizes Christ’s establishment of his new church on the Old Testament order of the Jews. Reinforcing this device is a young tree springing from a remnant of ancient stones directly above the infant. Ethel T. Scarborough Fund; John G. Searle Family Trust, L. L. and A. S. Coburn, Mr. and Mrs. Lester King, John and Josephine Louis, Samuel A. Marx, Alexander McKay, Chester D. Tripp, and Murray Vale endowment funds; restricted gift of Marilynn Alsdorf, Anne Searle Bent, David and Celia Hilliard, Alexandra and John Nichols, Mrs. Harold T. Martin, Mrs. George B. Young in memory of her husband, and the Rhoades Foundation; gift of John Bross and members of the Old Masters Society in memory of Louise Smith Bross; through prior gift of the George F. Harding, Mr. and Mrs. W. W. Kimball, Mr. and Mrs. Martin A. Ryerson, and Charles H. and Mary F. S. Worcester collections Size: 34 × 24.5 cm (13 3/8 × 9 5/8 in.) Medium: Oil on panel

https://www.artic.edu/artworks/184371/

[rattyarts]

may i please see the list?

Sure! There's one or two spoilers here, but honestly if you have the dedication to read through a list of 370 random-ass character names and manage to both retain it AND cross reference it with shit I've mentioned in the past, you deserve a bit of a sneak peek.

Aster

Skut

Pixie

Orange (Roy)

Yellow (James)

Blue (Martin)

Aster's mom

Henry aka. Aster's dad

Aster's brother

Aster's sister

Gorgonzola "Zola"

Hops Barley

Tallemaja

Tallemaja's mom 1

Tallemaja's mom 2

Pixie's mom 1

Pixie's mom 2

Pixie's mom 3

Dizzy "Izzy"

Urus

Auro

Urus's mom 1

Urus's mom 2

Shrimp

Buttercup (she counts as a character, shut up)

Kris P. Wyngz

Chitin E. Wyngz "Kai"

Bert D. Wyngz

Hoo Sunfire

Wut Sunfire

Pan Sunfire

Cody

Phyllis

Sugarbeans S. Sugarbeans

Shuck S. P. J. G .T. Y. W. F. Dog (Stinky Girl)

Lars

Brutus

Beetle

Wattson

Matt

Leopold Mesquite

Leo's dad

Leo's mom

Terry Saturn

Oakley Saturn

Triton Saturn "Tri"

Katelynn Blanche

Linnéa Blanche

Anton Glitterhooves

Glitterhooves's imp assistant

Doc (True name redacted)

Margaret

George

M&G's parents (fuck it, they don't have a design so they share a spot)

Chup

Mus

Frika

Frika's mom

Frika's dad

Lord Cluck

Popcorn

Bunny B. Buns

Stitches "Stitchy"

Jöran

Puck

Tyrellid

Me (nice)

Peeps

Dusie

Stheno

Eury

Orthrus

Sir Berus

Hugh Man

Rosemary

Bailey Rhynd

Lana Rhynd

Stuart

Sena

Miss Whiskers "Whisky"

Tilly W. 🐢

Enellie

"Little man"

Obert Bellius Tucker

Ted

Leo's damselfly ex

Leo's mantis ex

Peter "Petey"

Leo's butterfly ex

B. Z. Bub

Cute nameless mosquito dude

Liquor store St. Bernard

Orphanage stork

Unlucky vampire kid

Duck

Spider cat

Hoppit fighter

Gorgon fighter "Diamond"

Kitsune/Nyaga fighter

Cryptid fighter

Scorpion fighter

Bufo Bloop

Bb

Downbeet

Dog trainer therewoof

Maltea Barley

Ollie - Dove

Seven animimics. Maybe more. Imagine - Dove

Shinchu - Dove

Shinchu's mom - Dove

Shinchu's dad - Dove

Shinchu's sister - Dove

Shinchu's brother - Dove

Shinchu's grandma - Dove

Shinchu's grandpa - Dove

Vampire maid - Dove

Therewoof butler - Dove

Basement dragon - Dove

Velvet - Dove

Velvet's gf - Dove

Bebo - Dove

Biggby - Dove

Big's dad - Dove

Horse with no name - Dove

Marley - Dove

Marley's dad - Dove

Marley's robot mom - Dove

Beatrice - Dove

Merlin - Dove

Beatrice's mom whose name I can't remember - Dove

Shelly - Dove

George (Shelly's bro not the dragon) - Dove

Kimera - Dove

Kimera's mom - Dove

Kimera's dad - Dove

Mr. Boingo - Dove

Imp Bastard - Dove

Shoe - Dove

Sock - Dove

Unnamed vampire - Dove

Damian - Dove

Riley - Dove

Bubble - Dove

Unnamed elf/gorgon - Dove

Oberon - Dove

Titania - Dove

Professor Lindworm - Dove

Piko - Riot

Stewart - Riot

Ripcord - Riot

Beefman - Riot

Maiden Mathilda - Riot

Delphinium Luuna "Finny" - Riot

Finny & Mathilda's kid - Riot

Marie Antt Wanette - Riot

Charles - Riot

Jennifer - Riot

Blanc - Riot

Pracilla - Riot

Aizo - Riot

Brahms - Riot

Tanner - Riot

Gordon - Riot

Winnifred - Riot

Flootsnoot - Riot

Gord - Riot

Phox - Riot

Sophie - Riot

Remminton - Riot

Violet - Riot

Bottom - Riot

Harriet - Riot

Pupa - Riot

Three mimics in a trenchcoat - Riot

Riot - Riot

Mr. Bones - Riot

Cloudy - Riot

Gell Edward Beans - Riot

Liar-Liar - Vampasaurus

Doppler - caught-gaming

Phiamia - caught-gaming

Byron - caught-gaming

Ophelia - karmaluck

Pinky - karmaluck

Priscilla - catherinecreates

Scale - main-blog-pretty-dead

Angel - primrose-art

Olive - primrose-art

Olive's mousefly roommate - primrose-art

Queena Wygena Hyena - primrose-art

Tulip - primrose-art

Bojangles - primrose-art

Trifoli - primrose-art

Lip - hexadoodles

Hex - hexadoodles

Peewee Cockatrice - lilsunshinesam

Lieu - ossy-p

Kissyface - ossy-p

Jess - mx-feratina

Teedee - mx-feratina

Goryn - mx-feratina

Sona - mx-feratina

Alexander - mx-feratina

Baba Yaga - mx-feratina

Lesh - mx-feratina

Vody - mx-feratina

Vani Firestarter - mx-feratina

Umis - mx-feratina

Peggy - katisconfused

Scorpia - katisconfused

Minnie - katisconfused

Jeff - waxwormrepublic

Horatio - ari-nemera

Gus - kingpink

Margie - kingpink

Buttons - coldblood-flowerbulb

Willy - coldblood-flowerbulb

Angelica - kiddfox

Linguni - kiddfox

Hoagie - kiddfox

Martin T. Pinwheel - kiddfox

Professor Beepis - kiddfox

Skronk - kiddfox

Lindworm elf - kiddfox

DR4K3N "Ken" - kiddfox

Debbie - Emily

Eva - Emily

Asterion - Emily

Pierce - Emily

Vireo - Emily

Thayer - Emily

Peggy - Emily

Xia - Emily

Minerva - Emily

That fucking horrifying sexy minotaur - Emily (that's right it's canon now. You have to live with this)

Sexybeans/Cutiebeans - Emily (you're a sinner)

??? - Spooky

Hux - Spooky

Speckle - MY WIFE

My wife - My wife

Mazie - my wife who's cute

Phebe - wifff

Korneli - WIIIFE

Axael - ... me, but technically wife's at this point

Dora - HEY BABE LOVE YOU

Luce - my babe

Harm - my beebee

Hell - my bee

Olivia - it's a mystery but probably my bee

Otterpop - still my bee

Mothball - my favorite person (my wife)

Polliwog - wiiiiiife

Morty - tickfleato

??? - tickfleato

Basilisk - tickfleato

Serpent-tamer - tickfleato

Worm-slayer - tickfleato

Tuni - silverstarsheep

Suika - silverstarsheep

Tiramisu - silverstarsheep

Unnamed gorgon - silverstarsheep

Carice - silverstarsheep

Oliver - silverstarsheep

Fishhead - silverstarsheep

Markov - terrycrewslistenstofnafpodcasts

Finch - terrycrewslistenstofnafpodcasts

Ember - fire-rose

Bill (Denzel Billard) - fire-rose

Doug - caydebug

Rook - caydebug

Quilt - mineral-vulture

Burn - dear-maggotboy

Charlie - dear-maggotboy

Schund - dear-maggotboy

Moth - ccosmicmoth

Frogchamp - thelibraryofdiscosstuff

Candyfloss - avespecora

Wendelle - avespecora

Ethel - avespecora

Ely - heart-buzz

Nugget - heart-buzz

Sadie Mazarine - Luca

Virginia Ragno - Luca

Coffee Grounds - Luca

Skunch Midgley - Luca

Carl Sludgerson - Luca

Dr. Constance Flora - Luca

Eleanor King - Luca

Tibb Ragno - Luca

Chad Ragno - Luca

One Ragno - Luca

Honey Ragno - Luca

Rumples Bingus - Luca

Lola Lapin "Beanie" - Luca

Pinky (Cassandra) - Luca

Panini Houdini- Luca

Sheila Hades-Solanum & sisters - Luca

Stanley Bloodwart - Luca

Jamie Mazarine - Luca

Cassandra Bingus - Luca

Lolly (Lily)- Luca

Pop (Princess) - Luca

Spronkle "Ramos" Drinklybonk - Luca

Hank Drinklybonk - Luca

Atlas Saturn "Attie" - Luca

Cossi Day Saturn - Luca

Pippa Twombly - Luca

Carolina North - Luca

North North - Luca

Cheesed Burger - Luca

February Makkelmoore - Luca

Sluy - Luca

Wimpy Jingles- Luca

Bradison Bradwell Bratthew - Luca

Onley Oxley - Luca

Y Houdini - Luca

Samson Hades - Luca

Terry Hades - Luca

Marsipan Twombly - Luca

Clarice - Luca

Avril Gunn - Luca

Cyrille Gunn - Luca

Hue Gunn - Luca

Jimmy Bellucci - Luca

James B. Horney - ottersaurus

Jessica - ottersaurus

Reggie - ottersaurus

Rubarb - ottersaurus

China - ottersaurus

Mixie Mup - kaiujis-hole

Matt Shtick - kaiujis-hole

Breen - therandomringmaster

Cooper - therandomringmaster

Psue - therandomringmaster

Cap Brinesby - therandomringmaster

Harriot Hornet - therandomringmaster

Belfree Buzzby - therandomringmaster

Buck Lopanny - therandomringmaster

Merryl DaBloon - therandomringmaster

Mays Lopanny - therandomringmaster

Gnargle Floove - therandomringmaster

Chrys Ignatious - therandomringmaster

Donna Ignatious - therandomringmaster

Fumble McChumbles - therandomringmaster

Garbanzo - bonelessnerd

Huge Fowl - bonelessnerd

Gams - bonelessnerd

Unnamed basilisk - bonelessnerd

Unnamed therewoof - bonelessnerd

Unnamed vampire - bonelessnerd

Balor - bonelessnerd

Snips N. Snales - bonelessnerd

Waylon Snales -bonelessnerd

Bleep - bonelessnerd

Marcel DuChomp - bonelessnerd

Max - bonelessnerd

Ms. Finx - bonelessnerd

Grimpus - twerkyvulture

Mixie “Mixologica” Mixtus - twerkyvulture

Old Man Baneezer - twerkyvulture

Dominic Dominari - twerkyvulture

J. Falcourt - twerkyvulture

Isidore "Izzy" Lindson - vividvermeer

Snot - MeloncholyMonster

Bottle - MeloncholyMonster

Currently unnamed taxidermist character - radvom

Rubber/latex elf - radvom

Chicken/Flower - chickencat-arts

Depica - die-06

Muse - die-06

Fae - die-06

Duri - die-06

Aquen - die-06

A SHIT TON of chess mimics - die-06

Thistle - luxidoptera

Nobel - luxidoptera

[yr-obedt-cicero]

On the King estate was a wild ravine where a stream known by the name “Awiehawken” dashed over a part of the famous duel ground, “which has been called the most interesting spot in the county of Hudson.” There handsome young Philip Hamilton in the dawn of his manhood fell by the hand of George Eacker three years before his father met a like fate from Aaron Burr. His second on that occasion was his cousin Philip Church, who had recently returned from England with his father, where he had been studying at Eton. These two grand-sons of General Philip Schuyler are said to have been strikingly alike in personal appearance, and their remarkable attachment, which led them to be seen constantly together, is one of the pleasantest memories in the annals of the society of the period.

Source — Mills, Weymer Jay. Historic Houses of New Jersey. United Kingdom, J. B. Lippincott, 1902.

I find this description interesting because it's one of the very few descriptions we get of Philip's appearance, aside the general elucidation of “handsome”, and Hamilton who once described him as having common, basic, infant attributes—Additionally, he was only eight months old, and any of these said features he very well could and likely did grow out of;

It is agreed on all hands, that he is handsome, his features are good, his eye is not only sprightly and expressive but it is full of benignity. His attitude in sitting is by connoisseurs esteemed graceful and he has a method of waving his hand that announces the future orator. He stands however rather awkwardly and his legs have not all the delicate slimness of his fathers.

Source — From Alexander Hamilton to Richard Kidder Meade, [27 August 1782], Founders Online, National Archives. [Original source: The Papers of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 3, 1782–1786, ed. Harold C. Syrett. New York: Columbia University Press, 1962, pp. 150–151.]

Also particularly because this edition was published in 1902, before Allan McLane made the grave mistake of titling William's painting as Philip's in 1910. [x] Which would then spur others to make the same mistake like Ron Chernow, and even Phillip Thomas Tucker, who wrote; “A healthy and handsome dark-haired son Philip Hamilton was destined to be born on January 22, 1781.” [x] The presumption of dark hair likely originating due to William's shaded portrait.

But at the same time, Weymer Jay Mill was born in 1880 in Jersey City, and died in 1939. So, he was hardly talking from firsthand experience considering this would have been a whole 79 years after Philip's death, and P. Church who died in 1861. He also doesn't bring up any source material to this particular claim, so it can only be defined as hearsay. Although his claim isn't entirely far-fetched as a whole, P. Church visited his Hamilton relatives often and did seem to be close with his similar namesake cousin. He was definitely close to his Uncle Hamilton, He also served as an Aide-de-camp to for him between 1798-1800, while he was Major General and Inspector General of the Army during the Quasi-war. And both he and his cousin Philip were part of a literature society. It was a Literature Society composed mainly of boys in their early twenties. It looks as though the members belonged to the same generational group, and were all rather acquainted with each other. A reappearing pattern being that; most of them were from New York, studied law, and graduated from Columbia in the 1790s.

About this time, Mr. Jones was a member of a literary society, (of which the late Peter A. Jay was president,) composed, among others, of Nathan Sandford, Charles Baldwin, John Ferguson, Jas. Alexander, Rudolph Bunner, Goveurneur Ogden, the first Philip Hamilton, William Bard, Wm. A. Duer, Philip Church, John Duer, and Beverley Robinson; of whom the last five are the only survivors.

Source — Jones, William Alfred. Memorial of the Late Honorable David S. Jones: With an Appendix, Containing Notices of the Jones Family, of Queen's County. United States, Stanford and Swords, 1849.

But I still have yet to see any claims that could be more solid about Philip looking similar to P. Church. Either way, it is interesting and could be plausible. Although judging by the common depictions of P. Church, I wouldn't consider that a compliment!

[blackswaneuroparedux]

I feel a sort of reverence in going over these scenes in this most beautiful country, which I am proud to call my own, where there was such devoted loyalty to the family of my ancestors – for Stuart blood is in my veins.

- Queen Victoria on Scotland

For a British monarch, Queen Victoria was extremely quick off the mark in making her first visit to Scotland in 1842, only five years after her coronation as Queen. Hooked on the stories of Sir Walter Scott, Queen Victoria toured the country with Prince Albert, spending several days in the capital at Edinburgh.

Then in September 1844 she returned to Scotland with Prince Albert and her young daughter Vicky at her side. This time she visited Blair Castle in Perthshire. They all enjoyed not only Scottish oatmeal porridge but its spectacular fresh landscapes, especially the Highlands, which captivated them both and inspired a rich new adoption of ideas. Later, they took on Highland life in the fullness of its tastes and traditions, something which was recorded in a wealth of artwork, not least in the Queen’s watercolours.

Victoria and Albert loved Scotland so much they inspired a trend for tartan and tweed across the kingdom. They returned over and over again, and after taking possession of Balmoral in 1848 they actually built a castle of their own.

Queen Victoria was a keen diarist and kept detailed records of her stays in Scotland, writing exhaustively about what happened each day: whether Albert’s hunting trips had been successful, who they dined with, her thoughts on the landscape, Highland pony riding, plans for scenes to sketch, details of the people she met, whether she liked them or not.

One of the most common urband legends of Victoria’s time in Scotland is that she and Albert got lost in the Highlands and sought shelter and hospitality in a poor family’s cottage.

Queen Victoria certainly never mentioned getting lost in the forest alone with Prince Albert on horseback, as depicted in the recent British drama series Victoria.

Queen Victoria never mentioned being forced to seek shelter with a kindly poor couple who cooked delicious trout over an open fire and let them stay the night, and there’s no record of her hiding her identity as Queen and learning to darn a sock like a “normal” person.

Still – you can see where this fanciful storyline came from. What we do see in her journal is that, for her, the wild Scottish Highlands were an escape from reality.

“After the constant trying publicity we are accustomed to, it is so pleasant & refreshing, to be able, amidst such beautiful surrounding, to enjoying such complete privacy & such a simple life,” she wrote in her diary.

And while and Albert avoided getting lost, they did have an idyllic pony ride accompanied by only one servant – as close to privacy as the monarch could really get.

“When I awoke the sun was shining brightly & it lit up the mountains so beautifully,” she wrote. “At 9, we set off, both, on ponies, attended only by Lord Glenlyon’s excellent servant, Sandy McAra, in his Highland dress, to go up one of the hills.

“We went through a ford, Sandy leading my pony, and Albert following closely, and then went up the hill of Tulloch straight over a very steep cabbage field, afterwards going round zigzag to the very top, the ponies scrambling up over stones & heather, & never once making a false step. The view all round was splendid & so beautifully lit up. From the top it was quite like a panorama.

“We could see the Falls of Bruar, the Pass of Killiecrankie, Ben y Gloe, and the whole range of hills behind, in the direction of Tay mouth. The house itself & the houses in the village looked like toys, from the height at which we were. It was very wonderful. We got off once or twice, & walked about. There was not a house or creature near us, only pretty Highland, black faced sheep.”

She added: “It was the most delightful, and most romantic ride and walk, I had ever had.”

Another time they cut it fine on a pony ride, with the Queen suddenly becoming worried about nightfall – “Got alarmed at seeing the sun sinking, for fear of our being benighted, & we called anxiously for Sandy to give a signal to Albert to come back. At length we got on the move, skirting the hill & the ponies went as safely & securely as possible.”

But they made it home just in time: “A long day indeed, but one which I shall not easily forget.”

And as for visiting a couple of unsuspecting-yet-kindly Highlanders at their cottage?

The only mentions of a “cottage” make clear this is no poor man’s house: “We got out at the Cottage, which is pretty & beautifully situated. There are some good Landseers in the room we went into.” With paintings by Sir Edwin Henry Landseer on the walls this is not exactly a poor man’s hut…

As she prepared to leave at the end of September, Victoria reflected on her time in Scotland: “I am so sad at thinking of leaving this charming place, & the quiet, liberty, & the pure air we have enjoyed. The action life we have been leading, peculiar in its way, has been so delightful.”

Having already lost her beloved husband Albert, Victoria found solace in Scotland and its people. John Brown was famously associated with Queen Victoria.

The Queen first mentioned Brown in her Journal on 11 September 1849, and from 1851 John Brown, at Albert's suggestion, took on the role of leading Queen Victoria's pony. In 1858, Brown became the personal ghillie (shooting guide and gun-loader) of Prince Albert.

After Prince Albert died in 1861, Queen Victoria went into deep mourning, becoming almost a recluse. In 1864, her daughter, Princess Alice, noted that the Queen had always been happy at Balmoral, especially when taking a ride in her pony cart. Why couldn't pony cart rides be made available at Windsor and at Osborne (the Queen's home on the Isle of Wight), with the Queen in the care of the man who so effectively led her pony at Balmoral? The Queen agreed and in December 1864 John Brown became a full-time servant. He was, as Queen Victoria put it in her journal, "indefatigable in his attendance and care".

By 1866 gossip about the relationship between the Queen and her extremely informal servant had started. Brown was the only person around Victoria prepared to "tell it like it was", and he often proved abrasive with members of the Royal Household: even, it is said, on at least one occasion giving the Prince of Wales the rough edge of his tongue. Rumours soon spread more widely, and Brown was featured in the satirical magazine Punch on 30 June 1866, and Queen Victoria came to be referred to by some members of her household (behind her back) as "Mrs Brown".

Speculation about Queen Victoria's 20 year relationship with Brown, following the early death of her husband Albert in 1861, started in court circles almost as soon as the unlikely friendship itself did when the queen was in her mid-forties.

Victoria's daughters joked about "Mama's lover", and the then Duke of Edinburgh (the queen's second son) claimed he had been evicted from Buckingham Palace because he refused to shake the servant's hand.

The news of 1866 carried a piece in the Gazette de Lausanne, a Swiss paper, that read, “On dit…that with Brown and by him she consoles herself for Prince Albert, and they go even further. They add that she is in an interesting condition, and that if she was not present for the Volunteers Review, and at the inauguration of the monument to Prince Albert, it was only in order to hide her pregnancy. I hasten to add that the Queen has been morganatically married to her attendant for a long time, which diminishes the gravity of the thing.” Most assuredly, no British paper carried such a tale, but once the word spread of the Queen’s supposed affair, there was no reining it back in.

In the United Kingdom it was Alexander Robertson’s pamphlet “John Brown: A Correspondence with the Lord Chancellor, Regarding a Charge of Fraud and Embezzlement Preferred Against His Grace the Duke of Atholl K. T. of 1873” that first openly suggested that Queen Victoria and John Brown had married morganatically - this being related to, or being a marriage between a member of a royal or noble family and a person of inferior rank in which the rank of the inferior partner remains unchanged and the children of the marriage do not succeed to the titles, fiefs, or entailed property of the parent of higher rank.

Citing one Charles Christie, ‘House Servant to the Dowager Duchess of Athole at Dunkeld House,’ Robertson claimed that John Brown was regularly noted as entering Queen Victoria’s bedroom when the rest of the household was asleep. Robert purported that Victoria married Brown at Lausanne, Switzerland, in 1868, with Duchess Anne standing as witness. The Duchess of Atholl vehemently denied Robertson’s allegations. Robertson went on to make other incendiary allegations without any proof including that Brown and Queen Victoria had a love child which as given up for adoption in Vaux, Switzerland.

Meanwhile, in our more recent times  various newspaper revelations went as far as suggesting that the two had actually married based on newly unocvered letters from Victoria’s courtiers. Indeed a film was even made: "Mrs Brown" became the title of a 1997 film about the relationship, starring Dame Judi Dench as Queen Victoria and Billy Connolly as John Brown.

In 1872 John Brown knocked down a would-be assassin in what was the fifth attempt on Victoria's life. John died at Windsor Castle on 27 March 1883, aged 56, by some accounts because he was too devoted to Victoria. It is suggested that had he taken to his sick bed at the first sign of a chill, he would have survived, but his sense of duty was such that he carried on working until it was too late. He was buried at Crathie.

Were Queen Victoria and John Brown married? Historians are divided over this contentious claim. Those that have believe it have based their views on four pieces of information, none of which is in itself conclusive. But they believe that, when taken together, help swing the balance of probability in favour of a wedding having taken place:

After Victoria's death, two sets of mementos were placed in her coffin, at her request. On one side was placed one of Prince Albert's dressing gowns, while on the other was placed a lock of Brown's hair, along with a picture of him and a ring worn by Brown's mother and given to Victoria by Brown.

The published diary of the Liberal MP, the 1st Viscount Harcourt, for 17 February 1885 related a second-hand story told to his father, the then Home Secretary, by a renowned gossip, that on his deathbed in 1872 the Revd Dr Norman Macleod, the chaplain to Queen Victoria,stated that he had conducted a marriage ceremony between John Brown and Queen Victoria.

The Daily Mail on 2 September 2006 reported a similarly second-hand story in which a late senior member of the Royal Family had said that documents confirming a marriage had many years earlier turned up in the Royal archives at Windsor, and been destroyed.

After Victoria's death (a full 18 years after John Brown's own death), Edward VII tried to destroy everything connected with Brown, including busts and photographs. A life-size statue of Brown at Balmoral, commissioned by Queen Victoria after his death, was only saved by being moved to an obscure part of the estate where Edward was unlikely to find it.

My own view is that it’s a much ado about nothing. Although much of the gossip about John Brown and Queen Victoria was seen as ridiculous steps were taken to suppress information, for instance, when Queen Victoria died her daughter Princess Beatrice removed pages from the queen’s journal ‘that might cause pain” in her own words. People have msiread the intent behind such actions. The Royal family down the ages have always doused more petrol on the fire by simply trying to quell any rumours of impropriety that it invites unfounded wilder speculative tittle tattle.

It is clear, despite public gossip, there was nothing immoral in Queen Victoria’s relationship with John Brown. Queen Victoria would never have contemplated sex with a servant. People forget how rigid social roles really were and how seriously people viewed them in Victoria’s age despite the hypocrisy we have come to see them with.

Furthermore, she was never alone to carry out an affair having court ladies always within shouting distance. That was the whole point of having a royal court and doting ladies in waiting about the place.

The significance of Queen Victoria’s attraction to John Brown was that he - at worst - made a career out of her. He never married, had few holidays and devoted his life to the queen, and he was a walking encyclopedia of her like, dislikes, moods and needs. As a downright selfish person this greatly appealed to the queen. She liked him because she needed to be fussed, cosseted and spoiled. He told her the truth, spoke boldly to her and importantly too; unlike her family and senior courtiers, he was not afraid of her. Above all, when Prince Albert died Queen Victoria needed a male friend — she never really made close friendships with women — and someone to lean on. John Brown supplied all that.

Victoria’s visited Balmoral in her beloved Scottish Highlands in the late autumn of 1900. The Queen could not know it, but it was the last time that she would see the new castle which Prince Albert had erected in her words as his ‘own work… as at Osborne’ and which had become a box of intensely personal memories.

So deeply did the Queen feel her first visit to Balmoral after Prince Albert’s death in May 1862 (in pouring rain) that she wrote with painful dread to her eldest daughter, the Crown Princess of Prussia of the strange reality of everything: ‘Oh! Darling child… the stag’s heads – the rooms – blessed, darling Papa’s room – then his coats – his caps – kilts – all, all convulsed my poor shattered frame!’ (cit., Delia Millar, Queen Victoria’s Life in the Scottish Highlands, 101). Even the Queen’s lonely pursuit of spinning wool, which later became synonymous with her early widowhood, had been a vigorously traditional Highland activity (Ibid, 76). Now her widowhood of waiting was drawing to an end, forty years later, with the Queen’s approaching death.

The Queen’s unknowing leave-taking of Scotland took place gradually, over these last days at Balmoral. Touchingly, she was still referring to ‘tea’ – although by now, it consisted only of arrowroot and milk  – drinking it at her secluded Highland retreat of Alt-na-giubhsaich. Queen Victoria’s last day included luncheon in Prince Albert’s rooms with her youngest daughter, Princess Beatrice and her Battenberg children. She left Balmoral fittingly, with the weather ‘wretchedly gloomy & dark’ whilst with her, she had a wreath to take back to Windsor, to place on the tomb of the Prince Consort at Frogmore; possibly it also contained the Balmoral heather she loved so much. Perhaps there may have been a presentiment, within the sentimental.

The Queen’s trusted doctor, Sir James Reid was with her at Osborne when she died, so presumably, the Queen would have had the comfort of a Scottish voice at her side, in between her lingering states of consciousness.

After her death, the Prince of Wales spoke a moving sentence of gratitude for Reid’s devoted service: ‘You are an honest straightforward Scotchman… I shall never forget all you did for the Queen’ (read Christopher Hibbert, Queen Victoria: A Personal History, pg. 494).

Significantly, the Queen instructed amongst the many sentimental items to be put in her coffin ‘some of which none of her family were to see’, a photograph of her devoted Highland servant, John Brown, which she ordered to be placed in her left and, with a lock of his hair. These were both tactfully hidden inside a silken case, the handiwork of the Queen’s late wardrobe maid Annie MacDonald, wrapped in tissue paper.

Afterwards, the Queen’s left hand was covered with Queen Alexandra’s flowers. Also put into the Queen’s coffin was a simple sprig of Balmoral heather, which Sir James Reid covered with a quilted cushion – made especially to fit the coffin – to preserve the Queen’s privacy in death.

Scotland was at her funeral, in the form of her Highland ghillies, as the Queen’s German grandson, Ernst Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse, wrote in his private memoirs: ‘[The moment] when her coffin was lowered in the mausoleum at Frogmore, remains unforgettable to me… I remained a moment there alone. When I looked about me, there were kneeling near me all of her ghillies [Highland servants] from Scotland, all strong, sturdy men, who were weeping there uncontrollably like sons for their mother…’ For her funeral, the Funeral March by Handel was substituted as per the Queen’s instructions, for music by Chopin and Beethoven and importantly, Highland dirges.

The sarcophagus or tomb chest was hewn from a flawless block of grey Aberdeen granite from the quarries at Cairngall in Scotland. Three attempts were made before this one was successfully carved out and it is purportedly the largest of its kind ever to have been hewn for such a use.

It was an appropriate Scotch bed for the Queen’s final sleep. Upon this sarcophagus, the effigies of Prince Albert and Queen Victoria lie still, a more sublime rendering of their marriage bed, staring into the beyond. Touchingly though, the head of Queen Victoria’s effigy is half-turned towards that of Prince Albert, as if it somehow suggesting that he died before she did. As in life, she is leaning, straining after the beloved husband that she mourned for half of her life.

The fact that their sarcophagus was quarried in Scotland is an appropriate choice for a royal couple who loved that country so much, becoming a little more Scotch with every visit. Appropriately for the Queen, parts of Eastern Central Scotland still celebrate Victoria Day, the last Monday before or on 24 May, Queen Victoria’s birthday.

Scotland was indeed with them, in the end. And continues to be with the House of Windsor.

[aic-american]

Female Dancer, Elie Nadelman, 1920, Art Institute of Chicago: American Art

“Is Nadelman serious?” asked a writer for the New York World in 1919. “Are these things art, or only insolence?” This indignation stemmed from the fact that Elie Nadelman’s sculptures depicted people in contemporary dress, rather than the classical drapery used by most sculptors at the time. Nadelman garbed the figure of Female Dancer in a short dress and high heels, evoking the entertainments of the modern city. Female Dancer twirled into the Roaring Twenties with whimsy and charm, among the attributes that made Nadelman one of the most celebrated American modernist sculptors of the early 20th century. Through prior gift of the Mary and Earle Ludgin Collection; restricted gift of the Antiquarian Society; through prior gifts of Albert A. Robin, the Estate of Felicia Mayer Marsh, the Friends of American Art Collection; through prior purchase of Dr. A.J. Ochsner, Mrs. Margaret Cook, J.N. Eisendrath, Dr. W.H. Allport, Mrs. T.A. Shaw, Miss Bertha Randolph, Mrs. Pauline Dohn Rudolph, and the B.F. Ferguson Fund; The Kate S. Buckingham Fund; through prior purchase of the Mr. and Mrs. Frank G. Logan Purchase Prize Fund; restricted gift of Mr. and Mrs. Samuel M. Mencoff; through prior gifts of the George F. Harding Collection, Edgar Kaufmann Jr., and Mary and Leigh B. Block; through prior bequest of Dr. John J. Ireland; restricted gift of Jamee J. and Marshall Field; through prior purchase from the Roger McCormick Fund; through prior gifts of Yvonne and Richard Angarola, Miss Gertrude Finch, Mrs. Ignatius Jelinski, the Charles H. & Mary F. S. Worcester Collection, the Walter H. Schulze Memorial Collection, and Donn Shapiro; Jane and Morris Weeden Fund; through prior gifts of the Society for Contemporary American Art and Mr. Sam A. Lewisohn; through prior purchase of the Charles S. Peterson Purchase Prize Fund; through prior gift of the Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Nickerson Collection; Vance American Arts Fund; through prior gifts of the estates of Edgar William and Bernice Chrysler Garbisch and Marie F. Lennards; through prior purchase of the Samuel P. Avery Fund; through prior gifts of Joseph R. Shapiro, Mr. and Mrs. Charles S. Dewey Jr., Mr. and Mrs. Martin A. Ryerson Collection, Evelyn Padorr and Helene Segil in memory of Sarah and George Ehrlich, Honoré Palmer, Alexander Bing, Chicago Normal School Alumni, Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge, Leonard Florsheim, Mrs. Abram Poole, and Mrs. Maurice L. Rothschild; through prior purchase of the A.A. McKay Fund Size: 82.6 × 43.2 × 19.1 cm (32 1/2 × 17 × 7 1/2 in.) (without base) Medium: Bronze

https://www.artic.edu/artworks/233228/

[whatdoesshedotothem]

[KISS] Monday 18 May 1835

7 ¼

10 55

goodish little kiss last night  ready in 35 minutes very fine morning and F55° at 7 55 am  - out with Charles H- and Robert Schofield and Holt and the Manns seeing the line of the new water drift - gave 10/.  (customary) to foot the gin - then breakfast (in 20 minutes) at 8 ¾ - then had Booth the mason - Mr Bradley to be here at 10 am to see the centres of the quadrant arch [struck] - waited indoors and out till 11 ½ - then took Booth to Hopkins’ - they want the present mistall pulling down to be replaced by another for 5 cows and a barn - I quite against taking the present building down what new building I put up - shewed Booth the arch I want removed to Trough of Bolland wood - thinks £25 or less would put it up as I want and £5 would put up the old arch near Breakneck cottage over the brook  between Parson’s and Sown holme and Tilley holme -returned along the walk and home at 1 ½ - left Booth to get his dinner here and stood talking to Marian - she thought Mr Waterhouse did quite right to stay yesterday with my father - it was to talk quietly to her and make up for what had gone before (his incivility to Marian’s intended) - she would have Mr Alexander the barrister requested to stand for Halifax - I said any good conservative who could concentrate the interest of the borough in his favour would do - I should certainly do all I could to further the election of such a candidate in the place the present whig-radical of Mr Wood - then went to Booth - took him into the little north dining room and left him to make a plan and estimate of barn for Hopkin - then with Marian again - talk as before - I very quietly and conciliatory to all sides - she expects her friend tonight -on returning to Booth found the estimate of his job £55.19.6 for an oblong building 10 yards x 6 ½ (inside) and 5 yards high above ground up to the roof - distributed into a mistall for 5 cows with floor over them and 17ft. divided into 8ft. 6in. of barn, and 7ft. 6in. of place for hay - the joiners’ shop would be done (finding everything) for £30 .:. whole cost of barn = £85.19.6 - annoyed about Mr. Bradley’s not coming - told Booth to come on Wednesday morning if fine, and whether Mr. B- here or not -

SH:7/ML/E/18/0037

Booth went at a few minutes before 5 - then Holt here a few minutes to shew me how he had settled to stop the Spiggs loose - I sent him down with the Manns this morning about it, determined to have it stopped as soon as possible - settled that it is to be done on Wednesday - from 5 to 5 20 wrote the above of today - Booth also made a calculation of the expense of the Ice house amounting to £44.10.0 instead of £25 as stated by Mr Bradley - out at 5 25 dawdling about till A- came home at 6 - dinner at 6 ½ - coffee - A- had called this afternoon on Mrs Carter and sat an hour with her - A- had hardly swallowed her coffee when she came because unwell - her face swelling, particularly the lips, and a sort of redness almost amounting to rash with great itching coming on - gave her 2 or 3 glasses of hot water and put her to bed at 8 - sat by her - she fell asleep and into a perspiration about 9 or after and seemed better- then sat dozing in the great chair by her till had my hair curled at 9 ½ - and ¼ hour with my aunt till 10 at which hour F58° - very fine day - note from Mr Bradley this evening to say he could not come today but would come tomorrow A- had letter directed to ‘Walker Esquire Crownest near Halifax Yorkshire’ from Oxford, a bill of £1 against her brother in 1825

[aswithasunbeam]

Excerpt from William Van Ness to Charles Biddle, undated, regarding the duel between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr

“After the necessary pre-arrangements heretofore detailed, had been made—the parties had taken their stations, & received their pistols cocked (Mr. Hamilton’s being a remarkably high-finished pair, of a very large bore carrying, I should judge, nearly an ounce ball). After the mode of proceeding had been explained and Mr. Pendleton was about to give the word, ‘Stop’, said Mr. Hamilton, ‘in certain states of the light one requires glasses.’ He then levelled his pistol in several directions, as if to try the light; then drew from his pockets & put on, a pair of spectacles, and again levelled his pistol in different directions. and once, as appeared to me, at Mr. Burr who was all this time silent at his station. After the latter experiments of the light, and begging pardon for the delay Genl. H. said, keeping on his spectacles, ‘this will do; now you may proceed.’

“The Gentleman whose duty it was to give the word then asked the parties whether they were prepared?—which being replied to in the affirmative, the word ‘present’ was given; on which both parties presented, and Genl. H. fired. After a few seconds of time Coll. B. fired; and instantly Genl. H. fell. Mr. B immediately approached, but Mr. P. at the same time called out very loudly for Doctr. Hossack; and hearing the Doctr. coming through the bushes, I urged the propriety of his (Mr. B’s) repairing immediately to the barge: he accordingly retired and I soon followed him. When I arrived at the barge I found Coll B. in the act of stepping from it, and as I approached he said ‘I must go & speak to him.’ I observed that it would be obviously imprudent, as Genl. H. was then surrounded by the Surgeon & Bargemen by whom he (Mr. B.) ought not to be seen; but that if he would remain I would go & see the General again, which I did; and on my return ordered the bargemen to proceed immediately to the City....

...“It is but justice to add that the Vice President so far from manifesting any degree of levity upon the occasion which is the subject of my letter, or from expressing any satisfaction at the result, his whole conduct whilst in my company was expressive of regret & concern.”

Source: Founders Archive