#PrimarySources

[ipbbanking]

In this video, we'll dive deep into the world of income, exploring the two main sources: primary income and side hustles. We'll break down what each means and explore the different options available to you. Whether you're looking to land that dream job or create an extra income stream, this video will equip you with the knowledge you need to navigate the exciting world of making money.

Click on the link to watch the full video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ge1E-OIcSfg

[resinfood]

Imaging the NSA and CIA headquarters.

Airspace restrictions preventing such photography to be updated - our visual conception of them still rooted in photos taken in the 70s.

[on-partiality]

I love your posts! How do you study and what do you read to know so much?

Yay! I get to recommend my favourite sources!

So for primary sources (first-hand accounts, letters written by people who were involved or connected to a certain event or person) I recommend:

https://founders.archives.gov/ - has lots of transcripts of letters written by or to the founding fathers.

https://www.loc.gov/ - has a wide range of revolutionary war related material like manuscripts, transcripts, maps, books and more made or written by the soldiers of the time.

https://www.masshist.org/ - has online exhibitions featuring maps, accounts of events, letters, artifacts and drawings relating to 18th century Massachusetts, the colony most important when studying the early years of the revolutionary war. I really like their Bunker hill exhibit and their one on the early days of the revolutionary war

https://clements.umich.edu/exhibit/spy-letters-of-the-american-revolution/ - an online exhibition on the Culper Spy Ring and military intelligence from both sides of the war featuring letters that directly affected the war's battles and the outcomes of said battles. It's also got mini biographies, a timeline and lots of anecdotes.

https://avalon.law.yale.edu/subject_menus/amerrev.asp - Just a lot of documents in chronological order starting from a year before the Stamp Act was passed by parliament to the surrender at Yorktown. Just try to ignore the misspelling of the word 'Britain'.

https://www.archives.gov/exhibits - admittedly not a site I'm very well acquainted with however I used it as a source in my really long post about standard Continental army soldier uniforms and it was very pleasant.

https://guides.bpl.org/primarysources/revolutionarywar - I love this one, they have so many resources and if you click on the link and scroll down it'll give you a nice list of places to find information on the five most popular founding fathers and just underneath that you can find lists of information on important political events.

All 6 American Archive volumes by Peter Force - I dream of one day having these books, they're the holy grail for anyone wanting to learn about the revolutionary war. They're filled with correspondence, state papers and debates from the war and I want them BADLY

I will make a separate post for tumblr users that I use as sources sometimes because there's too many of you people and frankly I want to get all of you in without having this post be absurdly long

[socscilearn]

Images from the front in WW1, trout fishing in the Laurentians, and Lord Chief Justice's opinion on beer! #PrimarySource Newspapers are great for revealing life in the past to students: https://ift.tt/nkx2N3a Posted by @paulrombough.bsky.social - Paul Rombough @ LEARN https://ift.tt/Uk06roh

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[christianityoriginal]

*#antman #resurrectionweek* http://ChristianityOriginal.com/Resurrection Skeptics say: 'You cannot quote the Bible for proof of the resurrection.' But the Bible is not a single book. It's actually a set of books/letters authored by multiple individuals. Paul's 50 AD letter to Corinthians, a *#primarysource,* refers to more than five hundred people seeing the risen Jesus. 1Cor 15:6. His point: 'Most of those are alive. Just ask them.' *#heisrisen*

[surfsup2007]

writing a kick ass lesson plan rn. #primarysources #lectureanddiscussion #introwelcomingactivity #exitticket

[weemsbotts]

The Kidnapped Local “Princess”: How the Patawomeck People Navigated Deceit from All Sides

By: Lisa Timmerman, Executive Director

“Captaine Argall intelligence, but he delt with an old friend, and adopted brother of his Iapazeus, how and by what meanes he might procure hir captive, assuring him, that now or never, was the time to pleasure him, if he entended indeede that love which he had made profession of, that in ransome of hir he might redeeme some of our English men and armes…” Raphe Hamor recorded the kidnapping of Pocahontas in his “A True Discourse of the Present Estate of Virginia” printed in 1615. He served as Secretary of the Virginia colony until 1614 and returned to Virginia in 1617 where his life was strife with conflict and controversy. While he claimed Captain Samuel Argall lured the Patawomeck subchief Iopassus (Iapazeus) into helping capture Pocahontas for the reward of a “small Copper kettle, and some other les valuable toies so highly by him esteemed”, he greatly misunderstood the situation and the indigenous people.

(The Abduction of Pocahontas by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris, early 20th century painting, Courtesy of the Virginia Historical Society. Note how the artist romanticized this exchange and the more English appearance of Pocahontas)

While the Patawomeck peoples paid tribute to Powhatan, they lived on the fringe of the alliance’s territory, closer to other hostile Algonquian-speaking groups. The people deftly maneuvered between many tumultuous relationships as the English certainly added new elements to their political and social worlds. While Captain John Smith claimed he encountered the Patawomeck people in 1608, even falsely reported they secreted a “glistering metal”, Captain Samuel Argall’s expeditions led him to actively engage in diplomacy, hoping to create a fissure in the tenuous indigenous alliances. From 1609-1614, the First Anglo-Powhatan War raged between the English and Powhatan’s alliances, persisting in small-scale but frequent and persistent warfare. Sidenote: Some scholars argue the label “Anglo-Powhatan War” misidentifies the complexities of the situation, only addressing it from an English perspective. However, the ongoing conflict led to serious problems such as food supply and Captain Argall headed north to find willing trade partners. In 04/1613, Argall learned Pocahontas was in the town of Passapatanzy, recognizing that she would be a valuable hostage. Regarding Iopassus role in the deception of detaining and kidnapping Pocahontas on a boat, Hamor recorded, “he [Iopassus] would reserve Pocahuntas, whereat she began to be exceeding pensive, and discontented, yet ignorant of the dealing of Iapazeus, who in outward appearance was no less discontented that he should be the meanes of her captivity, much a doe there was to perswade her to be patient, which with extraordinary curteous usage, by little and little was wrought in her, and so to James towne she was brought, a messenger to her father forthwith dispached to advertise him, that his only daughter was in the hands & possession of the English…” Pocahontas was a hostage in Jamestown for about a year as the English and Powhatans negotiated and her marriage to John Rolfe in 04/1614 brought an uneasy truce for a short period.

(Map of Powhatan Paramount Chiefdom created by Historian Helen Rountree, 2002. Read more here with Encyclopedia Virginia)

Unfortunately, we do not have a first-person account from Iopassus or the Patawomeck peoples. English sources are fraught with indigenous stereotypes, presumed cultural superiority, misunderstanding (and lack of wanting to), and agenda as letters and narratives measured and generated the financial backbone of the Virginia Company. In 1617, the same year Pocahontas died, John Rolfe printed “A True Relation of the state of Virginia Lefte by Sir Thomas Dale Knight in May Last 1616, referring back to Hamor’s writings, “How happily and plenteously the good blessings of God have fallen upon the people and colony since the last impression, faithfully written by a gent. of good merit, Mr. Ralph Hamor, (some tyme an actuall member in the Plantation, even then departing when the foundacoun and ground worke was new laid of their now thrift and happines,) of the earthie and worldly man is scarcely believed, but of heavenlier minds they are most easilie discerned, for they daily attend and marke how those blessings, (though sometimes restrayned for a tyme,) in the end, are poured upon the servants of the Lord.” As with Hamor, Rolfe also had an agenda to promote in keeping the Virginia Company alive and thriving with interest and influential backers overseas. Many complicated factors went into the decision to assist in the kidnapping of Pocahontas – from potential benefits and veiled and no so subtle threats. A “small Copper kettle” could not determine the decisions of a people that thrived in a setting with shifting enemies and neighbors. The Patawomecks would again ally with the English but earnest English encroachment in 1654, combined with disease and declaration of war on the peoples in 1666 led to the disappearance of the people in the English records.

The Patawomeck tribe applied for and eventually received official state recognition in 2010. Click here for their official website.

Note: What’s on the agenda for Friday, 05/20, 7pm? Grab your walking shoes, bottle of water, and join us and Prince William County Historic Preservationists as we give a free outside walking tour of the area! Click here to view our seasonal programs!

(Sources: Eckhardt, Joshua, and Dictionary of Virginia Biography. "Ralph Hamor (bap. 1589–by October 11, 1626)" Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Humanities, (22 Dec. 2021). Web. 17 May. 2022; Rountree, Helen C. Pocahontas’s People: The Powhatan Indians of Virginia Through Four Centuries. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1990; Wolfe, Brendan. "First Anglo-Powhatan War (1609–1614)" Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Humanities, (17 Feb. 2021). Web. 17 May. 2022; Rolfe, John. "A True Relation of the state of Virginia Lefte by Sir Thomas Dale Knight in May Last 1616 (1617)" Encyclopedia Virginia.Virginia Humanities, (07 Dec. 2020). Web. 17 May. 2022)

[phillyarchives]

Today's post highlights the work of one of our former interns, Maria Adamson, who interned with us virtually this past fall as a part of the Cultural Fieldwork Initiative (CFI), a partnership with the Temple University College of Education Social Studies faculty and more than 30 regional cultural institutions. We have two new teaching activities that focus on identification papers of several Chinese people who were “on exhibit” in an ethnographic display in Philadelphia in 1899. You can use The Chinese Village Exhibit at the 1899 Export Exposition for high school, or Contextualizing a Photograph: On Exhibit at the “Chinese Village” for middle school, while teaching about immigration and the Chinese Exclusion Act, imperialism, or while teaching the history of anthropology, “otherness,” and living ethnological displays. Check out Maria's blog post, along with links to her activities, here.

[steamship-historical-society]

It's officially #BlackHistoryMonth! Check out these #blackshiphistory lessons by clicking the link in our Instagram bio or visiting https://shiphistory.org/tag/black-history/. All of our lessons feature #primarysources from the Ship History Center, are standards-based, and are 100% free to use. Image: Steamer Natchez at dock, SSHSA Archives. (at The Steamship Historical Society of America) https://www.instagram.com/p/CZcRdLdsfu3/?utm_medium=tumblr

[kellygreenhat]

Some primary source context in case you ever hear me threaten a man with a box of oats. (Malleus Maleficarum, 1486) “A matter of common report,” ok, Kramer. #malleusmaleficarum #witches #witchcraft #primarysources #witchtrials #heinrichkramer #dicktree #boxofoats #15thcentury #folklore #inquisition #witch #witchesofinstagram https://www.instagram.com/p/CKYFxYSFUR6/?igshid=1ixvmookulam6

[resinfood]

Y2K Survival Kits, some sold for $89 in the US

[penandswordbooks]

Did you catch the Women of Power in Anglo-Saxon England blog tour earlier this month? Follow author @anniewhiteheadauthor and check out her blog for links to each of the posts. • Thank you so much to Annie and all of the lovely bloggers who took part in the tour! Women of Power in Anglo-Saxon England is out now in hardback. 📚😍👀 • ‘Annie Whitehead’s new book brings Anglo-Saxon women to life in a vivid and readable story, simultaneously challenging certain preconceptions about Medieval women as powerless pawns and placing them in the context of their times.’ (~ The History Lady blog) • #BlogTour #WomenOfHistory #WomenOfPowerInAngloSaxonEngland #WomenOfPower #History #AngloSaxon #AngloSaxonHistory #AngloSaxonEngland #Hardback #PrimarySources #Saxon #NonFiction #NonFictionBooks #Reviews #BookReview #Bookstagram #PenAndSword #PenAndSwordBooks (at Pen and Sword Books) https://www.instagram.com/p/CFrJAP1Abde/?igshid=gu2e6u8yd1fi

[socscilearn]

Great to know that museums use Google Arts and Culture to publish extensive collections of paintings. #primarysource For Medieval Age in Secondary 1/2, check out https://ift.tt/Z7w5JDz Posted by @paulrombough.bsky.social - Paul Rombough @ LEARN https://ift.tt/K8vzW5c

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[entrepreneurboardgame]

What is your perspective? #TheEntrepreneurGamebyEESpeaks #PlayTheGameWinInLife #Business #TeachingResources #primarysources #LearningIsFun #knowledgeispower #games #bedifferent

[weemsbotts]

Thick with Smallpox: The First Time Dumfries Battled an Invisible Foe and Won

By: Lisa Timmerman, Executive Director

In April 1777, Dumfries became a critical site to the Revolutionary War as physicians, troops, and new recruits headed to the town to partake in a mass inoculation of the Continental Army. Not only was disease reportedly “thick on the roads”, Congress and the Continental Army collectively held their breath has they enacted a massive daring plan to protect their Achilles heel – the troops and new recruits vulnerability to smallpox.

On 02/05/1777, Washington set in motion plans for a mass inoculation of all troops and new recruits aware of the need for urgency and secrecy. Not only was he battling against mistrust and misinformation, the variolation gave a milder form of smallpox to the recipients, making those individuals disease vectors as well. To do this, the Continental Army needed to secure space, supplies, and people to properly inoculate and quarantine each person. On 04/23/1777, Congress “Resolved, that Dr. James Tilton be authorized to report to Dumfries in Virginia, there to take charge of all Continental soldiers that are or shall be inoculated against smallpox, and that he shall be furnished with the necessary medicines.” Congress dispatched physicians across the colonies including Alexandria and Georgetown. Troops previously unexposed to smallpox and new recruits arrived in these designated areas with the army using guarded private homes and churches as inoculation and treatment centers. Joseph Robertson from Northumberland Co., Virginia, noted, “Was marched to Dumfries, where I was inoculated for the small pox, on recovering from which I was marched to Valley Forge…” By 06/02/1777, Dr. William Shippen, Jr. wrote to George Washington noting, “…to assist & direct Dr. Tilton one of our senior Surgeons who writes me he has near 1100 Carolinians, officers included, under inoculation at Dumfries, Alexandria & Georgetown; Not one of these men have been subjects of our Hospital, but are in a fine state to receive the small pox & promise fair to have that disease very lightly; owing the Dr writes to their officers great attention to the cleanliness of their men; than which nothing can more effectually secure the health of a large Army.” Merchant and Postmaster Ebenezer Hazard traveled through the region in May 1777 describing Dumfries as “a very small Place, of considerable Trade” noting that most of the North Carolina and Virginia troops were “under inoculation”. (You can read about his other unpleasant statements in a previous blog here).

Colonel William Grayson actively reported the situation to Washington requesting his approval to purchase medicines from regimental surgeon Dr. Alexander to difficulties recruiting new men during April 1777, even noting the resignation of officers. His letter to Washington on 04/22/1777 from Dumfries noted his active involvement in directing units to inoculation sites such as Colchester and Alexandria as “there being no room at this place”. Frustrating to officers was the refusal of some counties to inoculate. Lieutenant Colonel Leven Powell notified Grayson of this in Loudon County, “I applyd to our Court the other day for leave to innoculate our Soldiers for the Small Pox but without Success, as the Season is advan[c]ing fast would it not be best for them to go either to Dumfries or Alexa., I am told the Small Pox is so thick on the road to Phila. that it will [be] impossible to get there without taking it. Any Orders you shall give respecting it I will endeavour to have complyd.”

(1782 Rochambeau Map: Camp a Dumphris. “Amérique campagne". Rochambeau,Jean-Baptiste-Donatien de Vimeur, comte de, 1725-1807.1782. G1201.S3 R65 1782 Vault : Roch 67. Library of Congress Geography and Map Division Washington, D.C.)

Overall, this audacious, risky, and impressive plan prevented an uncontrolled massive smallpox outbreak that could have disabled the Continental Army at crucial moments during the Revolutionary War. Washington’s campaign took the morality rate that was upwards of 50% to less than 2%. The evidence from this along with the development of the actual vaccine led President James Madison to sign ‘An Act to Encourage Vaccination’ that created the United States Vaccine Agency and required “‘the postal service to carry mail containing smallpox vaccine materials free of charge’.” And the doctor ordered to Dumfries in April 1777? Notably, Dr. Tilton later became the Physician and Surgeon General of the U.S. Army from 1813-1815, consistently advocating for proper sanitation protocols, elimination of incompetent persons, and the importance of well-ventilated areas.

While this blog focused on Virginia and the soldiers in the Revolutionary War, the history of inoculation in America began when the enslaved person physician Cotton Mather referred to as Onesimus (his real name is unknown) explained the practice of variolation. You can read more about this incredible story here (Washington Post Link: The African Roots of Inoculation in America: Saving Lives for Three Centuries by Gillian Brockell).

Note: The Weems-Botts Museum and Lee Lansing Research Library are scheduled to reopen to the public on 05/01! Until then, you can enjoy our virtual programs such as our monthly Weems-Botts Bibliophiles. March features the history, lore, and stories of the Brothers Grimm fairy tales, featuring academic discussions and eyebrow raising morals – tickets and more info here!

(NPS: Prince William Forest: The Crossing Trail. Used by Washington & Rochambeau but also served as a thoroughfare for Virginia) 

(Sources: Fisher, Amy Lynn and Raymond Dwek. George Washington and the First Mass Military Inoculation. Library of Congress: Science Reference Services, 2009. Accessed 03/16/2021; Thacker, Brenda. Disease in the Revolutionary War. George Washington’s Mount Vernon: Washington Library. Accessed 03/16/2021; Revolutionary War: History: The Continental Army Battles an Invisible Foe. American Battlefield Trust. Accessed 03/16/2021; CDC: History of Smallpox, https://www.cdc.gov/smallpox/history/history.html; Najera, Rene F. Black History Month: Onesimus Spreads Wisdom That Saves Lives of Bostonians During a Smallpox Epidemic. The History of Vaccines: An Educational Resource by the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Accessed 03/16/2021; Becker, Ann M. Smallpox in Washington’s Army: Strategic Implications of the Disease during the American Revolutionary War. The Journal of Military History, Vol. 68, No. 2 (April 2004): 381-430; Virginia Military Records From The VA Magazine of History and Biography, the William and Mary College Quarterly, and Tyler’s Quarterly. Baltimore: Clearfield Company, 2000; Bayne-Jones, Stanhope. The Evolution of Preventative Medicine in the United States Army, 1607-1939, Part 3: The American Revolutionary War and First Years of the Republic; Inglis, Stacey. Focusing on Firsts: Delaware Doctor was First U.S. Army Surgeon General. Delaware Medical Journal, September/October 2018, Vol. 90, No. 7:pages 248-251; “To George Washington from Colonel William Grayson, 1 April 1777,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/03-09-02-0037. [Original source: The Papers of George Washington, Revolutionary War Series, vol. 9, 28 March 1777 – 10 June 1777, ed. Philander D. Chase. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1999, pp. 35–37.]; “To George Washington from Colonel William Grayson, 8 April 1777,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/03-09-02-0089. [Original source: The Papers of George Washington, Revolutionary War Series, vol. 9, 28 March 1777 – 10 June 1777, ed. Philander D. Chase. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1999, pp. 86–87.]; “To George Washington from Colonel William Grayson, 29 April 1777,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/03-09-02-0287. [Original source: The Papers of George Washington, Revolutionary War Series, vol. 9, 28 March 1777 – 10 June 1777, ed. Philander D. Chase. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1999, pp. 299–300.]; “To George Washington from Colonel William Grayson, 22 April 1777,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/03-09-02-0222. [Original source: The Papers of George Washington, Revolutionary War Series, vol. 9, 28 March 1777 – 10 June 1777, ed. Philander D. Chase. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1999, pp. 237–238.]; NCBI: Liebowitz, Dan. Smallpox Vaccination: An Early Start of Modern Medicine in America. Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives. 2017 Jan; 7(1): 61–63.)

[lme-blogs]

Trip to Llandudno

My Primary Research

Today I visited Llandudno with my family on a weekend trip away. Whilst sightseeing and exploring the city, I stumbled across several independent shops that I knew would fit my concept and narrative throughout this module. One shop in particular I was mesmerised by was ‘Merry Moon’, a small single retailer that sold everything from candles, incense, Crystals, natural remedies, jewellery and various mystical gifts. Not only did this shop have a spiritual aura but its products where unique, organic and original to previous stores I had visited both in Birmingham and Liverpool. Collating primary research here I knew had the opportunity to adapt and improve my look book, social media and brand image as a whole.

Infusing both primary and secondary imagery into my look book would support my own personal growth in the making and development of the look book, adding varied artistic imagery and samples to my outcomes.

As a business and promotion pathway student, when capturing these photographs I was constantly reflecting back to the fundamentals of promotion and how these images can further improve my brands perception and design. Collecting photos of varied healing crystals, jewellery collections, gifts and spiritual oils, personally I believe supports my journey throughout this assignment as I am able to compare my own brands stock and jewellery jewellery collection to smaller independent shops.

One positive element I enjoyed about this store was its personalised properties cards that were beside each partnered crystal. I feel as though this is important for any beginner consumer or to someone who knows little about crystals to have and to keep as an informative guide. This is something I want to consider throughout my look book and other outcomes as some consumers want to learn to be educated and learn about the positives of each crystal necklace they are purchasing.

Overall I was pleasantly surprised with the extensive range and varied stone samples available, also amazed how kind and helpful the lady was who owned the shop. Overall this experience was a pleased and joyful whilst collecting necessary and support primary research on my travels.