#St Dominic Crusaders

[thewisecheerio]

Elden Ring's Soundtrack, Part 2

I'm in love with the Elden Ring soundtrack, DLC and base game alike. I think every track does a great job of evoking imagery and feelings of the boss or environment it was designed for.

The post will cover the following soundtracks with more to come in other posts: Shaman Village and Elden Ring Title Theme The Putrescent Knight Messmer, the Impaler

Part 1 contains Divine Beast Dancing Lion, The Twin Moon Knight, and The Lord of Frenzied Flame: https://www.tumblr.com/thewisecheerio/757695935032754176/elden-rings-soundtrack

Shaman Village and Elden Ring Title Theme

As many have noticed, Shaman Village is simply the harp section of Elden Ring, the title theme. It lacks the percussion and brass that begin to enter the title theme at 0:13. Instead, this piece graces us with the quiet and contemplative solitude of Marika's home. A single instrument for a single remaining Shaman. "Only the kindness of gold, without Order", as the Minor Erdtree incantation reads.

Contrasted to the solitude of the harp in Shaman Village, the percussion and brass almost sound intrusive. This mirrors the circumstances of Marika's godhood. This was something she sought not for her own ambitions, but in a desperate plea for an end to the violence that slaughtered her people—even an end to Destined Death itself.

But what she finds in that godhood isn't the "kindness of gold, without Order". Rather, just as the confident intrusion of brass brings cacophony that overwhelms Shaman Village's harp, so too does Marika's quest for peace turn into a genocidal quest for revenge. The desire for law and Order overwhelms her desire to heal, and her crusades begin bringing terror to the Lands Between.

Yet the Shaman Village sountrack is suffused with melancholy, almost a dirge for her people. It invites us to "have mercy, for the spirited away Shamans", as the description of the statue that blocks the way to the village reads. It invites us to remember the Marika-that-was, a woman who left a healing incantation to blanket her home, though there was no one left to receive it.

And it invites us to sit before the minor erdtree, or perhaps before the statue of the Grandmother at which Marika left an offering, and simply reflect on the cycles of violence contained in the rest of the game.

The Putrescent Knight

The harp throughout this soundtrack reminds me of a fairytale, or perhaps a dream. Considering that the Knight guards St. Trina, Chosen of the God of Sleep, this feels appropriate. We hear it at the very opening and then again at 1:55.

The dominance of bass instruments creates a deep, or perhaps dark, feeling to this soundtrack. It evokes images of night and the slumber that comes with it, but also the shadow of death that comes from too deep a sleep as St. Trina's nectar might induce. It brings images of the Deep-Purple Lilies and dusky Nectarblood Burgeons that grow in Trina's wake. This is all contrasted with a single soprano, perhaps symbolizing Trina herself.

With the Phase 2 transition at 2:07, the soundtrack has a kind of dream logic of its own. Just as a dream scene seamlessly fades into another without explanation, so too do we have harp-dominated phrases that fade into brass-dominated phrases that fade into string-dominated phrases.

The harp finale of the soundtrack bring us the soft kiss of dusk, lulling us into a quiet and peaceful sleep.

Messmer, the Impaler

The first 2 measures of this piece shout grandeur, power, and intimidation. Here lives Messmer, son of Marika. Here lives the Impaler. Here lives the bringer of war.

And yet at 0:44, I can't help but hear a sad thread underpinning this section's melancholic cellos. It is a reminder that war is a thing of fear and loss. It is also a reflection on Messmer himself, filled with self-hatred and tired to the bone from killing on his mother's behalf. For failing to do aught but follow she who abandoned him, he is left neglected and alone. But in the cellos' sadness is also power—a reminder to learn from the violent mistakes that came before and to use your power to break these cycles of violence, as Messmer failed to do.

Phase 2 of the soundtrack opens much as Phase 1, with a grand chorus. But compared to the first, the second opening is slightly higher pitched, raise just a note (or it might be just a half-step?) above where we started. The stakes have increased. No longer are you a pitiful Tarnished to be vanquished quickly on his spear; now you are a true threat to be met with the power of the Base Serpent.

Quickly, the soundtrack morphs into a frantic hail of descending strings. Having resisted the call of the Base Serpent for so long, Messmer entreats us, "O lightless creature, embrace thine oblivion, as have I." The song evokes the sudden crumbling of an entire world, inviting us to become dust with it.

A profound and now desperate sadness continues to haunt this section in the powerful brass that accompanies the strings around 3:00 until the end of the track. It mirrors Messmer's descent as he finally breaks under the weight of his duty and lets go of everything he tried to hold together, all aimed at stopping you.

This may not be the final boss of the game, but the orchestral grandeur of the finale certainly signals the conclusion of an era. With a final strike of the Tarnished's chosen weapon, the age of Marika's genocide is over. The age of Messmer's war is at an end. And so too ends the abandoned prince, embracing his oblivion. The final stringed section of the piece echoes Messmer's death, the music ending on a relative whisper compared to the grand ensemble that came just before it. It evokes his final cries: a quiet curse at the mother-god who abandoned him.

Access the Soundtracks

You can listen to the entire DLC soundtrack here:

You can listen to the entire base game soundtrack here:

[a-devout-shannonite]

So I got to go to the event in Nashville last night with Samantha Shannon like I said and it was amazing I still can’t believe it happened and I’ll never forget it. And I put together some notes today from her discussion and Q&A about her writing methods and the world of The Roots of Chaos. I couldn’t remember everything, but I put together a lot of interesting/funny things she said last night that I could remember so I could share them with you all. And if you’re worried about spoilers, I will say that she didn’t share any spoilers last night that wouldn’t already be known to people who have read The Priory, though she did discuss the characters a little and a few themes of the book. So for anyone interested, here’s the notes I’ve put together!

- Shared a long discussion on drawing inspiration from St. George and the Dragon and its several retellings and the changes the Anglican faith made to enforce their colonialism and crusades (the story itself is incredibly fascinating and I don’t remember the title of the specific retelling she said she drew from in particular, but it was really cool to see just how much inspiration she drew from it)

- Many fun remarks on how St. George was awful and England sucks

- Direct quote from Samantha, talking about St. George: “Men” (derogatory)

- On creating this popular fantasy and her thoughts on the typical cishet white male dominated world of fantasy: she wasn’t creating it to challenge them exactly, but to offer something for the people who are often underrepresented in fantasy, to give them a book where they are the prominent features rather than the typical white male hero, wanted to create something where she felt she represented herself

- On giving multiple examples of motherhood in A Day of Fallen Night: she said that she thought she had given motherhood a small place in The Priory, but she wanted to really create a large space for it within ADOFN, said that growing up she always felt pressured by society that her role as a woman was to have children, and that she was never interested even when she was young, said she kept waiting for the switch to activate where she’d want to get married and be a mother but it never did (cue fun anecdote on how now she knows she’s gay so that explained quite a lot), wanted to show multiple different perspectives of motherhood within ADOFN and different methods of raising a child

- On writing ADOFN and getting the chance to work with this cast of characters: said that getting to write Glorian was her way of reconnecting with her childhood self, Dumai was also exciting for her as Dumai is the same age at the start of the book as she was when she first started writing it, Tunuva in particular was very interesting to her to represent a middle-aged woman in a long established relationship to present a counterpoint to the typical idea in fantasy where the story ends for the protagonist when they are young, she wanted to show with Tunuva that it does continue past that, and also that she wanted to make a character at this age in part for her mother, who said she felt as though she was seeing herself disappear in movies and stories as she grew older and the characters all stayed young, also mentioned that initially Esbar was planned to be a primary narrator instead of Tunuva, but Samantha felt that Tunuva would be more fresh as a character given she’s more the quiet introvert whereas Esbar is a sort of typical protagonist style, bold, outspoken, and a leader (and no spoilers, but an additional note on a character in the book; said she enjoyed writing this character realize they were gay as it felt similar to her experience; called herself as well as the character in question both “useless gays”)

- When asked about how she keeps/organizes her notes on worldbuilding, she responded that she in fact very rarely takes notes and just knows her world by memory (much to the shock of the entire audience)

- On what first inspired her love of dragons: the movie Dragonheart in the 90s, which she watched so many times as a child she could recite it word for word and once brought a tape recorder to the theater to record the audio for when she couldn’t watch it, went to see it for her 6th birthday

- Said that one of her weaknesses is numbers, she cannot keep track of the logistics in her books, (for example, if you asked how big the Abyss was, she wouldn’t know), and she mentioned that Isalarico IV Vetalda, mentioned in ADOFN, should actually be Isalarico II Vetalda

- Said she really enjoys writing books with loose ends, cliffhangers, or bittersweet endings (she apologized for this), shared anecdote of a US editor calling her a day before it went to print completely confused about Tané’s last chapter and very concerned she was actually dead at the end

- Told her editor initially The Priory would be a standalone and she wouldn’t write any more stories in the universe, editor didn’t believe her, he was right

- Her schedule of books to write at the moment is to finish the Bone Season 5 draft, research and start her Greek mythology retelling of the goddess Isis, begin work on Bone Season 6, and then start another Roots of Chaos book which she’s already sold to her publisher

- Next Roots of Chaos book hasn’t been decided yet, will either cover the events following ADOFN, in which the sterren becomes chaotic after the siden withdraws and creates a sort of ice age, or she will write the story of Kalyba, Cleolind, and Neporo (she says she’s aware that the latter is the more popular choice among her readers)

[ausetkmt]

CHRONOLOGY OF AMERICAN RACE RIOTS AND RACIAL VIOLENCE p.3

1911

National Urban League founded. 1914 Marcus Garvey establishes the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). November William Monroe Trotter confronts Woodrow Wilson in the White House over the president’s support for segregation in federal offices. 1915 Debut of the D.W. Griffith film, The Birth of a Nation. Failure of African American lawsuit against the U.S. Treasury Department for compensation for labor rendered under slavery. CHRONOLOGY OF AMERICAN RACE RIOTS AND RACIAL VIOLENCE lvii November William J. Simmons refounds the Ku Klux Klan at Stone Mountain in Georgia. 1916 Madison Grant publishes The Passing of the Great Race, detailing his drastic prescription—including eugenics—to save the white race from being overwhelmed by ‘‘darker races.’’ May Jesse Washington, a seventeen-year-old illiterate black farm hand, is lynched in Waco, Texas. 1917 May–July East St. Louis, Illinois, riots. August Houston, Texas, mutiny of black soldiers at Camp Logan. 1918 After protesting the lynching of her husband, Mary Turner, then eight months pregnant, is herself brutally lynched in Valdosta, Georgia. April Congressman Leonidas C. Dyer of Missouri introduces an anti-lynching bill into Congress (the Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill is defeated in 1922). July Chester and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, riots. 1919 NAACP publishes Thirty Years of Lynching in the United States: 1889–1918 by Martha Gruening and Helen Boardman. May Charleston, South Carolina, riot. Summer Known as ‘‘Red Summer’’ because of the great number of people killed in various race riots around the country. July Longview, Texas, riot. Publication of Claude McKay’s sonnet, ‘‘If We Must Die.’’ Chicago, Illinois, riot. Washington, D.C., riot. August Knoxville, Tennessee, riot. September Omaha, Nebraska, riot. September– October Elaine, Arkansas, riot. 1920 Founding of the Commission on Interracial Cooperation, a major interracial reform organization in the South. 1921 April Tulsa, Oklahoma, riot. 1922 Anti-Lynching Crusaders are formed to educate Americans about lynching and work for its elimination.

Chicago Commission on Race Relations issues its influential report on the 1919 Chicago riots. lviii CHRONOLOGY OF AMERICAN RACE RIOTS AND RACIAL VIOLENCE 1923 January Rosewood, Florida, riot. February U.S. Supreme Court decision in Moore v. Dempsey leads to eventual release of twelve African Americans in Arkansas who were convicted in perfunctory mobdominated trials of killing five whites during the Elaine, Arkansas, riots of 1919. 1929 Publication of Walter White’s Rope and Faggot: A Biography of Judge Lynch. 1930 Nation of Islam (Black Muslims) is founded in Detroit, Michigan, by W.D. Fard.

Formation of the Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching, the first organization of white women opposed to lynching. October Sainte Genevieve, Missouri, riot. 1931 Scottsboro Case occurs in Alabama; the case comprises a series of trials arising outof allegations that nine African American youths raped two white girls in Scottsboro, Alabama. 1932 Supreme Court renders a decision in Powell v. Alabama, a case related to the Scottsboro, Alabama, incident of 1931. 1934 Elijah Muhammad assumes leadership of the Nation of Islam. 1935 March Harlem, New York, riot. 1936 First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt addresses the annual conventions of both the NAACP and National Urban League. 1939 Billie Holiday’s first performance of the anti-lynching song Strange Fruit occurs at Cafe´ Society, New York’s only integrated nightclub. 1941 Supreme Court decision in Mitchell v. United States spurs integration of first-class railway carriages. 1942 Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) is founded as the Committee of Racial Equality. February Double V Campaign is launched to popularize the idea that blacks should fight for freedom abroad to win freedom at home. 1943 May Mobile, Alabama, riot. June Beaumont, Texas, riot. June ‘‘Zoot Suit’’ riots in Los Angeles, California. July Detroit, Michigan, riot. August New York City (Harlem) riot. 1944 Publication of Karl Gunnar Myrdal’s An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy.

[shoukokunoaltairfans]

The third battle of Centro ( 16/02/79)

The Third Battle of Centro, also known as the Phoenician War, was fought on the 16th of the month of Tencere, in the year 79 CTR, between a combined fleet consisting of the Knights of Rhodes, Sicilia, Naples, Genoa, Balt Rhein, and Li'solani, against the fleet of the Turkiye-Venedik alliance in the sea of Centro, near the city of Phoenicia. This was the third round of fighting in the entire conflict at sea between the two powers, in an attempt by the Imperial and Crusader alliances to dominate the waters of Centro after the failure of the land invasion of Sud. The Turkiye-Venedik fleet won a landslide victory, killing many of the Crusaders' commanders, capturing most of their warships, and taking many prisoners and booty. This battle was the end of the Balt Rhein Empire's dominance of the Centro and the loss of its vassal state on the island of Crete. It also had a major impact on the first appearance of the Turkiye naval dominance as the new ruler of the Centro Seas.

Power map of Balt Rhein Turkiye after the battle of Cinza.

several Countries in Centro and Mediterranean Before a Battle.

Prime Minister Louis of Balt Rhein was still not giving up his passionate determination to continue fighting Turkiye. even though the expeditionary force sent to Sud was destroyed. while according to miller, (who argues that the expedition to Sud was not at the direction of St Michael) Louis once again used his bet to be able to take Sud by sea. His strategy was to cut off all Turkiye lines of communication and supplies by taking control of Centro so that he could directly threaten Imbros (a Venedic colony) and Constantinople. Louis mediated with Pope Nicholas V to organise another Crusade. Despite Rome's difficulties in mobilising the masses, due to internal conflicts in western Europe, the pope's invitation was successful in getting Genoa, Sicily, Naples and the Hosipitaller Knights of Rhodes to form an alliance.

On 22 Lale, 79 CTR, the Naples and Sicily Fleets of 100 galleys each besieged Li'solani. Donattello Doria immediately surrendered, and asked for security guarantees. even offered military assistance in order to fight the Türkiye and Venedik. thus, Li'solani broke out of his agreement with the Türkiye 2 years ago that they had signed themselves. Donatello's betrayal reached the venedik and received a strong reaction from Antonio Lucio, Doge Venedik. Antonio conveyed this news directly to Constantinople. in response to this Zaganos Pasha ordered careful military preparations to Hamza Pasha as the Kapudan Bahriye who was positioned in Phoenicia. in order to mobilise his fleet.

Turkiye Galleys in 15th Century

In addition to taking control of Li'solani, the crusader fleet attacked any ship passing through the western centro. It did not even distinguish which ships belonged to Turkiye from those belonging to their own allies. On the 28th, there was an incident of robbery of a venedic merchant ship by the crusader fleet. The raids expanded to reach Ponente, Tharos, and St. Lucino. The two countries on the island of Crete decided to submit to the crusaders. facing the worsening situation in Centro. Antonio Lucio decided to make military preparations. The levy of goods was increased, and soldiers and archers were recruited. Marco Quirini, one of the Venedic commanders who participated in the first Centro War, was appointed Commander in Chief in place of Silvestro Brega. at the head of the Venedic Fleet mobilised in Imbros, consisting of 150 galleys.

Various Types of Venetian Ships

On the 3rd of Tencere, Hamza Pasha ordered the addition of 150 galleys in Phoenicia and immediately accelerated the mobilisation. With this new navy, Hamza Pasha tried to get out of Phoenike Harbour and met a small part of the crusader fleet that was coincidentally trying to get closer to Phoenike for the sake of looting. A brief battle ensued, and Hamza Pasha was able to repulse the invaders' attack. From this brief battle, Hamza Pasha realised that it seemed that the crusaders were attacking without any coordination or prepared strategy. So there was a possibility of winning the battle.

The next day, the Balt Rhein Imperial Fleet, led by Andreas Patarini, left the vessels for Li'solani, where the Crusader Fleet was supposed to be assembled. In the evening, a council of war was held. A dispute ensued over who would command the combined Crusader Fleet. Andreas put himself forward to lead the fleet. However, the majority of the Sicilian and Genoese forces voted against him. The Genoese instead put forward Giustiniani (their warlord, who was rumoured to have disappeared after the battle of Gallipoli, 77 CTR) to lead their leet. It is known that Giustiniani did not die and managed to survive his humiliating defeat and escape to Rhodes. Giustiniani is currently on his way to lead the Hospitaller Knight Fleet to Li'solani to answer the call of the papal alliance.

However, the Giustiniani's arrival was very slow due to a westerly wind that was contrary to the direction they were travelling. Five days later, on Tencere 8, Giustiniani arrived at Li'solani and immediately convened the council of war once again. Provveditore Venier (Capitan of Naples), Albano Capello (Genoa), and Poei Manfredi (Li'solani) urged a direct attack on the Turkishye Venedik forces towards their headquarters, i.e., Phoenicia, given that both fleets were not yet fully organised. But Giusitiniani was hesitant about this proposal and preferred to target an easier target, i.e., the city of Chielo or the city of Scoglio. This proposal was supported by the commanders of the Balt Rhein. The crusader commander accused the Balt Rhein of greed and stubbornness, wanting only the result of the war for themselves. The division among the councils of war continued into the night. Nevertheless, Giustiniani finally supported the first opinion. and decided to reorganise his fleet, getting ready to face the Combined Turkiye-Venedik Fleet.

Battle

The fleet of the Crusader Alliance, consisting of 400 ships (according to Marino Satino), 200 galleys from Balt Rhein, 40 from Rhodes, 30 from Li'solani, 80 from Sicily, 30 from Genoa, and 20 from Naples. (Among all the ships, those of Genoa and Naples were the largest.) The movement of the Crusader fleet towards the battlefield was very slow due to the lack of wind. and the fleet only departed on the 12th. Meanwhile, the Venedic Turkiye Combined Fleet arrived in Phoenicia, consisting of 300 ships. The Turkish ships were dominated by small galleys (and no large ships), totaling 150 galleys. supported by the Venedic Fleet (100 Galleys, 20 Formosse, and 30 Mescolare). Hamza Pasha was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet. and prepared to organise his battle formation. upon hearing that the Crusader Fleet was moving towards Phoenicia.

The two fleets met on the Phoenicia Sea Route on the 16th. Seeing that the enemy forces had more fleets and larger ships, Hamza Pasha decided to face his galleys against the galleys of the Balt Rhein and Rhodes. while the Venedic forces faced the Genoese, Naples, and Li'solani. The two ships approached each other and began to fire arrows. Hamza Pasha arranged the formation of his galleys close to the enemy galleys so as to make it easier for his soldiers to fight each other, like a war on land. The war continued with mutual sword-slashing and arrow-shooting for a long time, turning into a frightening, bloody battle. The Imperial troops tried to break free from the oars of the Turkiye galleys. However, the two galleys had already docked and could not be released. Despite the bumpy and unstable tidal waters, the Turkiye troops were able to take control of the situation. and killed many of the Empire's marine troops. The Balt Rhein troops were in disarray as their commander, Andreas Patarini, was killed, so they decided to retreat, leaving their allies without a second thought. According to Satino, Andreas staggered on his ship due to the tide. then fell into the sea and drowned.

Hamza Pasha General Commander of the Turkiye-Venedik Fleet

On the other hand, the Venedic battles against Naples, Genoa, and Naples are still ongoing. The Naples ships had difficulty keeping their fleet formation. So Marco Quirini took this golden opportunity to close his ships with the Naples ships. Provveditore Venier ordered his ships to retreat for a while in order to draw the Venedic forces further away from their gallai and thus separate them from the Main Fleet. The ships of Naples fought back by advancing ahead of the Venedik fleet; one of its commanders, Girolamo Minotto, misinterpreted Provveditore Venier's signal to stay away, according to Satino, and attacked the Venedik flagship instead. Seeing the tactical failure of the Naples forces, the commander of the Venedik Galleries, Lorenzo Festa, laid siege to the Naples Fleet. while Gianpaolo Cavallo attacked the Li'solani Galleries to separate them. 

Marco Quirini commander of the venedic navy, who replaced Silvestro Brega.

Seeing the chaos in the formation of his battle fleet, Giustiniani tried to help by mobilising his remaining reserve ships. in order to release the blockade of the Venedik Force over the Naples troops. However, the Turkiye Galley, led by Hass Murad Pasha and Mesih Pasha, came from the side and intercepted the Genoa ships. The Genoa ships were able to match the Turkiye ships in battle by relying on the large size of their ships. thus being able to escape the interception. Venier himself was badly wounded by the many arrows that pierced him, feeling unable to continue the battle. He decided to withdraw his fleet and retreat. although the effort was quite impossible. However, Venier was able to make a feint with some of his crew by disguising himself as a common soldier and escaping with some of his ships that managed to escape the siege. 

As a result, the Genoese and Rhodesians were left alone. This angered Giusitiniani. upset, he decided to return to Li'solani. hoping that he could avenge his painful defeat at the Sea of Phoenicia. This third Centro Sea battle lasted from dawn to sunset. The combined Turkiye-Venedik fleet was finally able to defeat the Crusader fleet. Many captains and crew members of enemy ships were killed and taken prisoner. and captured 57 galleys and 10 galleons, according to Satino's records. while the rest were destroyed during the battle. while the Egyptian historian, Maqrizi, says the number reached 40. Nicollo (one of the Venedik historians who participated in the war) details the ships captured by the Venedik forces. Lorenzo Festa captured 70 galleys belonging to Li'solani, while Marco Quirini captured 10 galleons belonging to Naples and one flagship galleon belonging to Genoa. The record of warships captured by the Turkiye is not mentioned by Nicollo except based on Maqrizi's account. The Turkiye captured 57 galleys, or at least 40 galleys, belonging to the Balt Rhein and 22 galleys belonging to Rhodes and Li'solani. Casualties on the Turkiye and Venedik sides reached at least 4000 men. on the enemy side, as narrated by Maqrizi, reached 30000 men. Most of the casualties were from the Balt Rhein. 

Aftermath

Four days after the third Centro battle, Hamza Pasha and Quirini organised a pursuit of the fleeing Crusader fleet. The Turkiye-Venedik fleet approached the island of Crete and laid siege to Tarros and Ponente, which were the bases of the Balt Rhein Fleet's escape. After more than five days of siege, both cities were defeated. ending both city governments and entering into Turkiye domination. Hamza Pasha captured eight generals of the Balt Rhein superintendent and some resisting troops and executed them. Next, on the 27th, the Turkiye Venedik Fleet moved towards Li'solani through the Witch Straits to shorten the journey. Giustinianni had taken full command of the city's controls and taken Donatello Doria prisoner in his own palace, then prepared for the final battle. 

On the 28th, fighting broke out again around Li'solani waters. The Genoese and Li'solani Fleets put up a vigorous resistance to the attacks of the Turkiye-Venedik Fleet, destroying parts of their galleys. Giustiniani tried to keep the enemy fleet away from the island, but was unsuccessful. Due to the unstable wind direction, the situation was reversed when the wind direction actually blew to the west, which brought the Genoese and Li'solani ships closer to land. The Turkiye-Venetian fleet took advantage of this opportunity by showering them with fire arrows in order to burn their ships and surrounded them. Giustiniani was forced to change his strategy by adopting defensive tactics in the fortress. The Turkiye troops carried out the siege from the 1st to the 6th of Raki. Li'solani decided to surrender. Despite Giustiniani's ingenuity, he was able to defend the city and thwart two consecutive attacks by the Turkiye-Venedik fleet. Due to the discontent of the inhabitants and merchants, they wanted the Genoese to withdraw from their city. 

Hamza Pasha accompanied by the Janisaries entered the city on the 6th and ordered the troops to spread out, in search of Giustiniani. However, they did not find him. Most likely, Giustiniani had escaped with 700 of his troops by robbing some of Li'solani's Galleys and then returning to Italy. Hamza pasha then stormed Donatello's palace and arrested him while expressing his anger for betraying the Anti-Imperial Tripartite that had been agreed 3 years earlier. in return, Hamza Pasha placed Donatello's son, Antonio Doria as the new Li'solani ruler. signifying the end of the independence of the Li'solani government. and transformed into a Vassal state under the auspices of Turkiye.

The victory at Centro marked the beginning of the fledgling Turkiye naval supremacy that would continue to develop until the end of the Stratocracy and the return of the Ottoman Empire. Nicollo says that although the Turkiye lacked the quality of ships capable of matching the Venediks, Genoese, and Li'solani, and their ships were mostly small galleys, their rowers were adept at mobilising them according to the tide and wind direction. Hamza Pasha's strategy, docking fellow galleys until the transfer of rowing troops to enemy ships, and the ambush of the Genoese ship, which was in fact larger, made the Venedik commander, who witnessed the Turkiye way of war for the first time at sea, truly amazed. seen, several times the Turkiye troops applied the strategies of the Venedik troops themselves. One of them was pouring oil or soap on the enemy's deck to throw off their balance when moving. Or, the troops' shoes were coated with sand so that they could walk on the soap. Because of this, Nicollo commented, "This tribe of horsemen has learned something from us.".

According to Seth Perry, "the destruction of the Crusader Fleet at Centro emphasised the influence of Turkiye, this time not only dominating the land but also the sea. This was evidenced by the conquest of Tarros, Ponente, Li'solani, and finally Vessels. making Turkiye a major player in naval warfare. next to Venedik, Li'solani, and Genoa.

[dailyclassicwho]

Doctor Who Stories

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Season 01

001. An Unearthly Child 002. The Daleks 003. The Edge of Destruction 004. Marco Polo 005. The Keys of Marinus 006. The Aztecs 007. The Sensorites 008. The Reign of Terror

Season 02

009. Planet of Giants 010. The Dalek Invasion of Earth 011. The Rescue 012. The Romans 013. The Web Planet 014. The Crusade 015. The Space Museum 016. The Chase 017. The Time Meddler

Season 03

018. Galaxy Four 019. Mission to the Unknown 020. The Myth Makers 021. The Daleks' Master Plan 022. The Massace of St. Bartholomews Eve 023. The Ark 024. The Celestial Toymaker 025. The Gunfighters 026. The Savages 027. The War Machines

Season 04

028. The Smugglers 029. The Tenth Planet 030. The Power of the Daleks 031. The Highlanders 032. The Underwater Menace 033. The Moonbase 034. The Macra Terror 035. The Faceless Ones 036. The Evil of the Daleks

Season 05

037. The Tomb of the Cybermen 038. The Adbominable Snowmen 039. The Ice Warriors 040. The Enemy of the World 041. The Web of Fear 042. Fury From the Deep 043. The Wheel in Space

Season 06

044. The Dominators 045. The Mind Robber 046. The Invasion 047. The Krotons 048. The Seeds of Death 049. The Space Pirates 050. The War Games

Season 07

051. Spearhead From Space 052. The Silurians 053. The Ambassadors of Death 054. Inferno

Season 08

055. Terror of the Autons 056. The Mind of Evil 057. The Claw of Axos 058. Colony in Space 059. The Daemons

Season 09

060. Day of the Daleks 061. The Curse of Peladon 062. The Sea Devils 063. The Mutants 064. The Time Monster

Season 10

065. The Three Doctors 066. The Carnival of Monsters 067. The Frontier of Space 068. Planet of the Daleks 069. The Green Death

Season 11

070. The Time Warrior 071. Invasion of the Dinosaurs 072. Death to the Daleks 073. The Monster of Peladon 074. Planet of the Spiders

Season 12

075. Robot 076. The Ark in Space 077. The Sontaran Experiment 078. Genesis of the Daleks 079. Revenge of the Cybermen

Season 13

080. Terror of the Zygons 081. Planet of Evil 082. Pyramids of Mars 083. The Android Invasion 084. The Brain of Morbius 085. The Seeds of Doom

Season 14

086. The Masque of Mandragora 087. The Hand of Fear 088. The Deadly Assassin 089. The Face of Evil 090. The Robots of Death 091. The Talons of Weng-Chiang

Season 15

092. Horror of Fang Rock 093. The Invisible Enemy 094. Image of the Fendahl 095. The Sunmakers 096. Underworld 097. The Invasion of Time

Season 16 (The Key to Time)

098. The Ribos Operation 099. The Pirate Planet 100. The Stones of Blood 101. The Androids of Tara 102. The Power of Kroll 103. The Armageddon Factor

Season 17

104. Destiny of the Daleks 105. City of Death 106. The Creature From the Pit 107. Nightmare of Eden 108. The Horns of Nimon 108.5. Shada

Season 18

109. The Leisure Hive 110. Meglos 111. Full Circle 112. State of Decay 113. Warriors' Gate 114. The Keeper of Traken 115. Logopolis

Season 19

116. Castrovalva 117. Four to Doomsday 118. Kinda 119. The Visitation 120. Black Orchid 121. Earthshock 122. Time-Flight

Season 20

123. Arc of Infinity 124. Snakedance 125. Mawdryn Undead 126. Terminus 127. Englightenment 128. The King's Demons 129. The Five Doctors

Season 21

130. Warriors of the Deep 131. The Awakening 132. Frontios 133. Resurrection of the Daleks 134. Planet of Fire 135. The Caves of Androzani

Season 22

136. Attack of the Cybermen 137. Vengeance on Varos 138. The Mark of the Rani 139. The Two Doctors 140. Timelash 141. Revelation of the Daleks

Season 23 (Trial of a Timelord)

143A. The Mysterious Planet 143B. Mindwarp 143C. Terror of the Vervoids 143D. The Ultimate Foe

Season 24

144. Time and the Rani 145. Paradise Towers 146. Delta and the Bannermen 147. Dragonfire

Season 25

148. Remembrance of the Daleks 149. The Happiness Patrol 150. Silver Nemesis 151. The Greatest Show in the Galaxy

Season 26

152. Battlefield 153. Ghost Light 154. The Curse of Fenric 155. Survival

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 9.2 (before 1940)

44 BC – Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. 44 BC – Cicero launches the first of his Philippicae (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of them over the following months. 31 BC – Final War of the Roman Republic: Battle of Actium: Off the western coast of Greece, forces of Octavian defeat troops under Mark Antony and Cleopatra. 1192 – The Treaty of Jaffa is signed between Richard I of England and Saladin, leading to the end of the Third Crusade. 1561 – Entry of Mary, Queen of Scots into Edinburgh, a spectacular civic celebration for the Queen of Scotland, marred by religious controversy. 1649 – The Italian city of Castro is completely destroyed by the forces of Pope Innocent X, ending the Wars of Castro. 1666 – The Great Fire of London breaks out and burns for three days, destroying 10,000 buildings, including Old St Paul's Cathedral. 1752 – Great Britain, along with its overseas possessions, adopts the Gregorian calendar. 1789 – The United States Department of the Treasury is founded. 1792 – During what became known as the September Massacres of the French Revolution, rampaging mobs slaughter three Roman Catholic bishops, more than two hundred priests, and prisoners believed to be royalist sympathizers. 1806 – A massive landslide destroys the town of Goldau, Switzerland, killing 457. 1807 – Napoleonic Wars: The British Royal Navy bombards Copenhagen with fire bombs and phosphorus rockets to prevent Denmark from surrendering its fleet to Napoleon. 1856 – The Tianjing incident takes place in Nanjing, China. 1859 – The Carrington Event is the strongest geomagnetic storm on record. 1862 – American Civil War: United States President Abraham Lincoln reluctantly restores Union General George B. McClellan to full command after General John Pope's disastrous defeat at the Second Battle of Bull Run. 1864 – American Civil War: Union forces enter Atlanta, a day after the Confederate defenders flee the city, ending the Atlanta Campaign. 1867 – Mutsuhito, Emperor Meiji of Japan, marries Masako Ichijō, thereafter known as Empress Shōken. 1870 – Franco-Prussian War: Battle of Sedan: Prussian forces take Napoleon III of France and 100,000 of his soldiers prisoner. 1885 – Rock Springs massacre: In Rock Springs, Wyoming, 150 white miners, who are struggling to unionize so they could strike for better wages and work conditions, attack their Chinese fellow workers killing 28, wounding 15 and forcing several hundred more out of town. 1898 – Battle of Omdurman: British and Egyptian troops defeat Sudanese tribesmen and establish British dominance in Sudan. 1901 – Vice President of the United States Theodore Roosevelt utters the famous phrase, "Speak softly and carry a big stick" at the Minnesota State Fair. 1912 – Arthur Rose Eldred is awarded the first Eagle Scout award of the Boy Scouts of America. 1923 – Kantō Massacre: Amid rumors that Koreans had been conducting acts of sabotage in the aftermath of the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake, lynch mobs of Japanese begin massacring thousands of civilians over the course of several weeks, mainly ethnic minorities such as Koreans and Chinese. 1935 – The Labor Day Hurricane, the most intense hurricane to strike the United States, makes landfall at Long Key, Florida, killing at least 400. 1939 – World War II: Following the start of the invasion of Poland the previous day, the Free City of Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland) is annexed by Nazi Germany.

[ramrodd]

Mike Johnson's wife PANICS, deletes website comparing homosexuality to b...

COMMENTARY:

What woke Christians need to bring up in conversation that St. Paul was as queer as a South Beach drag queen. Like Gym Jordan, Paul's "thorn in the flesh" is his hunger for young male flesh, which is why John Mark bailed out of the first mission with Barnabas and Paul. He was tired of being hit on by Paul, the Dr. Straus of the Acts of the Apostle's.

  Christians need to remind Evangelicals that the circumcision of Timothy was a same sex marriage. Paul was Greek and that sort of relationship was common. A difference between Peter and Paul is that Peter is asexual. Peter is a misogamist in the typical Jewish male who prayed every moring g "Thank you, Lord, that I was boun not a Gentile, nor a slave, nor a women".

  Paul went to the Jews first in any town he went to and he began with women doing wash. The women would bring him into the Jewish community (which included the synagogues that would replace the Temple as central to Jewish Diaspora,, This is why and how he hooked up with Luke, who, as a Gentile doctor, had a thriving OB?BYN practice from the Jewish community because he didn't share  Peter's Jewish norm of women as unclean in any way. Christians need to adopt the interpretation of the Gosples that Planned Parenthood is the obvious application of Mark 5:25 - 34 about the woman with the 12 year period and the complete repudiation of the Pro-Life heresey, which originated with the anti-Christ of the Total Depravity Gospel of Calvinism.

  The point of the Gospel of Luke is that Christianity is Pro-Choice in a Yaweh, Queen of Battle kind of way. The Trinity is an accurate but incomplete Christian ontology. The women called the Golden Calf "Yaweh" to celebrate the emancipation of their uterus from Egyptian  domination. The uterus is the Temple of Yaweh, Queen of Battle, but Moses wasn't about to allow women to exercise possession of their own bodies , but to theologically occupy the status of brood mares for the issue of the Jewish male and the state as Israel as defined by Moses.

  The point is that MAGA Mike Johnson's contempt for same sex marriages is in denial of the actual and true history of the theology of Paul. He is like the Pharisee's, who like to pray loudly in public spaces in order to be admired from their righteousness when it is actually an act of using the Name of the Lord to inflate his vanity.

  And never forget, when he's  declaring the heresy of the Campus Crusade for Christ version of Jesus, he sounds like Walter Cronkite, which is probably the reason he was the unanimous choice of the January 6 majority engaged in the continuing treason of all things Trump in a 14 Amendment kind of way.

[cruger2984]

THE DESCRIPTION OF SAINT JOHN OF CAPISTRANO The Patron of Military Chaplains and Jurists Feast Day: October 23

Fun fact. There is a Catholic parish in the Diocese of Orange (California) named after him, and a Spanish mission in Orange County, where the legendary cliff swallows return the mission.

It has been said the Christian saints are the world’s greatest optimists. Not blind to the existence and consequences of evil, they base their confidence on the power of Christ's redemption. The power of conversion through Christ extends not only to sinful people but also to calamitous events.

Imagine being born in the 14th century. One-third of the population and nearly 40 percent of the clergy were wiped out by the bubonic plague. The Western Schism split the Church with two or three claimants to the Holy See at one time. England and France were at war. The city-states of Italy were constantly in conflict. No wonder that gloom dominated the spirit of the culture and the times.

John Capistrano was born in 1386. His education was thorough. His talents and success were great. When he was 26 he was made governor of Perugia. Imprisoned after a battle against the Malatestas, he resolved to change his way of life completely. At the age of 30 he entered the Franciscan novitiate and was ordained a priest four years later.

John's preaching attracted great throngs at a time of religious apathy and confusion. He and 12 Franciscan brethren were received in the countries of central Europe as angels of God. They were instrumental in reviving a dying faith and devotion.

The Franciscan Order itself was in turmoil over the interpretation and observance of the Rule of St. Francis. Through John’s tireless efforts and his expertise in law, the heretical Fraticelli were suppressed and the 'Spirituals' were freed from interference in their stricter observance.

John of Capistrano helped bring about a brief reunion with the Greek and Armenian Churches.

When the Turks captured Constantinople in 1453, John was commissioned to preach a crusade for the defense of Europe. Gaining little response in Bavaria and Austria, he decided to concentrate his efforts in Hungary. He led the army to Belgrade. Under the great General John Hunyadi, they gained an overwhelming victory, and the siege of Belgrade was lifted. Worn out by his superhuman efforts, Capistrano was an easy prey to an infection after the battle. He died on October 23, 1456.

[hzaidan]

01 Work , RELIGIOUS ART, Philip Hermogenes Calderon's St Elizabeth of Hungary’s Great Act of Renunciation - with footnotes #200

Elizabeth of Hungary (1207-1231) was the wife of Lewis, Landgrave of Thuringia. After his death in 1227 during one of the Crusades, she entered a convent and devoted herself to good works. Before becoming a nun, she passed through a spiritual crisis, torn by the need to renounce the world, and therefore her children, in order to fulfil her desire to serve God. Pressed by a domineering monk, Conrad, whose natural affections had been starved by celibacy, Elizabeth finally vowed that 'naked and barefoot' she would follow her 'naked Lord'. Calderon's picture shows this moment of self-abasement.

Calderon took his subject from a play by Charles Kingsley, 'The Saint's Tragedy', first published in 1848. It was based on fact. More on Elizabeth of Hungary

Philip Hermogenes Calderon RA (Poitiers 3 May 1833 – 30 April 1898 London) was an English painter of French birth (mother) and Spanish (father) ancestry who initially worked in the Pre-Raphaelite style before moving towards historical genre. He was Keeper of the Royal Academy in London.

Please follow link for full post

Elizabeth of Hungary, Philip Hermogenes Calderon, RELIGIOUS ART, Zaidan, Mythology, Religion, biography, Paintings, Art, History, Ancient, footnotes, fine art,

Art #Bible #biography #History #Jesus #mythology #Paintings #religion #Saints #Zaidan #footnote #fineart #Calvary #Christ

[heavyweightnation]

Jimmy Mullen Secures 100th Win As St Joes Defeats #1 Bergen Catholic For First Time Since 1998

Jimmy Mullen Secures 100th Win As St Joes Defeats #1 Bergen Catholic For First Time Since 1998

A massive win for St Joes as they defeated the #1 ranked juggernaut Bergen Catholic. With this win they become the first St Joes team since 1998 to defeat the Crusaders, and they did it in dominant fashion winning 34-21. Full Dual Results: 106- Nathan Braun (BC) dec Jon McGinty (SJ) 1-0 113- Mike Bautista (SJ) df Chris Nucifora (BC) Injury 120- Brian Melamud (BC) dec Vincent Paino (SJ)…

[tittathin]

Roma invicta march

#Roma invicta march free#

Support a hobby game developer in his first commercial game, all done by himself.

Different starting conditions and difficulty levels ensure replay value.

Vallejo Black Grey Model Color Paint, 17ml. Sold by Dark Moon Enterprises and ships from Amazon Fulfillment.

#Roma invicta march free#

Get it as soon as Wednesday, Jun 22 FREE Shipping on orders over 25 shipped by Amazon. You decide whether to bring peace to the Gallic villages or whether to plunder them and thus further ignite the resistance against you. This item: Box Of Imperial Roman Starter Army Miniatures.Supply your troops and always pay attention to the changing of the seasons.Shop affordable wall art to hang in dorms, bedrooms, offices, or anywhere blank walls arent. T Shirt ROMA IDES of MARCH, Rome, Roman history, History lovers. Hand over parts of your army to the AI ​​to always keep control even in larger battles. Unique Roma Invicta Posters designed and sold by artists. Roma Invicta Shirt, History Teacher Shirt, History Gifts, Ancient Rome, Roman Empire.It was an inspirational motto used until the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD.This symbolic statement was later printed onto gold coins. Gaius Julius Caesar has only established t. Roma invicta is a Latin phrase, meaning 'unconquered Rome'. Slow down or pause the battle to always stay in control and give orders with no hurry. Crusader Kings 3 Royal Court is here and with it comes our Roman culture and Hellenic religion narrative campaign.Fight in tactical and action-packed real-time battles with hundreds of individual soldiers.Recruit your troops from legionnaires to scorpion artillery to Germanic cavalry. Another Rome 2 Total War timelapse, and the first time we actually see AI Rome not only do good, but dominate the mapMusic.Experience a lovingly handcrafted scenery of ancient Gaul.The game can best be described as a mixture of the old Amiga classic ‘North and South’ and the ‘Total War’ series. The game combines action oriented real-time battles with turn-based strategy on the campaign map where you raise, supply and move your armies. The campaign ends on March 27, which means about three days where things. And you can raise tyranny to deal with AE.In Roma Invicta you have the honor of conquering ancient Gaul with your Roman legions. I want to announce my attempt to implement a mod-support for Roma Invicta. Technology, good minister, also Rome has deity that speed up decreasing of AE. Only a few time surpass 50 AE, usually started wars with 20 AE. That was sufficient most of the time, but with 6 legions that way Seleucid make me suffer a lot before they surrender. 'March on Rome,' Bellona quietly urged, 'and you shall rise as no other. Later with multiple legions, 25 HI, 15 LC, 5 E, 5 ST, withouth any particular reason. Meanwhile could have only one legion and manpower wasnt unlimited I went for HI, later add HC, also Engies and Supply train, and made Legion as big as i could. Until late game wars with Seleucid, my wars was like blitzkrieg, I go straith to the fortress, but sometimes is better stop siege if you can crush enemy army. Make you legions always training, that adds a lot of experience, and war traditions is a big big bonus. It features vocals by Angela van Dyck, and bouzouki and mandolin by Saki K. In technology first I go for invention that make you able to recruit legion, then those which speed up the march of you troop, then those that increase you technology efficiency.ĭont wait to missions, a lot of lands started to conquer before I started respectivie mission. The Rome Total War Original Soundtrack was composed by Jeff van Dyck in 2003-2004. I see you already get excelent response, hovewer from my experience could add:

[soccerstl]

Missouri Girls High School Classification Analysis

I offer a look at the Missouri Girls High School Classification with an Analysis of points earned and its impact on what Class Teams may end up in

Sr. Paige Balota for St. Joseph’s Academy attempts to break past Fr. Mackenzie Duff and Sr. Jill Hausmann of Nerinx Hall on April 23, 2018 As we experienced in the Fall, there is a new Missouri Classification model that implemented a Championship Factor rather than the previous enrollment multiplier for non-public and charter schools. It moved small private schools like John Burroughs and Priory…

[mybeautifulchristianjourney]

Today in Christian History

Today is Tuesday, August 6th, the 218th day of 2019. There are 149 days left in the year.

Today’s Highlight in History:

258: According to tradition St. Sixtus II, the Bishop of Rome, is seized while holding an illegal service in a cemetery and is executed sitting in his own chair. The emperor Valerian’s soldiers kill several deacons that same day.

1187: After an eight-day seige, Saladin captures Beirut from the Crusaders.

1221: Death of Dominic, founder of the Dominican order. His love of people was so genuine, he once offered himself as a slave to a Moor in exchange for the son of a widow.

1727: (some say August 7th) French Ursuline nuns arrive at New Orleans, where they will set up the first permanent Catholic charitable institution within the boundaries of what will become the United States

1866: Death of John Mason Neale, hymnologist and hymnwriter. Two of his best known hymns are the Christmas carols “Good Christian Men, Rejoice” and “Good King Wenceslaus.”

1920: An extensive service is held in Atlanta’s West Mitchell Street Colored Methodist Episcopal Church for the burial of Bishop L. H. Holsey who had been a great builder and orator in the denomination.

1930: The Orthodox priest Tikhon Fyodorovich Yeroshkin, serving in the Bulayev region of Kazakhstan, is sentenced to death by the Communists and will subsequently be shot.

1984: The Papacy condemns parts of Liberation Theology.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 9.2 (before 1900)

44 BC – Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. 44 BC – Cicero launches the first of his Philippicae (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of them over the following months. 31 BC – Final War of the Roman Republic: Battle of Actium: Off the western coast of Greece, forces of Octavian defeat troops under Mark Antony and Cleopatra. 1192 – The Treaty of Jaffa is signed between Richard I of England and Saladin, leading to the end of the Third Crusade. 1561 – Entry of Mary, Queen of Scots into Edinburgh, a spectacular civic celebration for the Queen of Scotland, marred by religious controversy. 1649 – The Italian city of Castro is completely destroyed by the forces of Pope Innocent X, ending the Wars of Castro. 1666 – The Great Fire of London breaks out and burns for three days, destroying 10,000 buildings, including Old St Paul's Cathedral. 1752 – Great Britain, along with its overseas possessions, adopts the Gregorian calendar. 1789 – The United States Department of the Treasury is founded. 1792 – During what became known as the September Massacres of the French Revolution, rampaging mobs slaughter three Roman Catholic bishops, more than two hundred priests, and prisoners believed to be royalist sympathizers. 1806 – A massive landslide destroys the town of Goldau, Switzerland, killing 457. 1807 – Napoleonic Wars: The British Royal Navy bombards Copenhagen with fire bombs and phosphorus rockets to prevent Denmark from surrendering its fleet to Napoleon. 1856 – The Tianjing incident takes place in Nanjing, China. 1859 – The Carrington Event is the strongest geomagnetic storm on record. 1862 – American Civil War: United States President Abraham Lincoln reluctantly restores Union General George B. McClellan to full command after General John Pope's disastrous defeat at the Second Battle of Bull Run. 1864 – American Civil War: Union forces enter Atlanta, a day after the Confederate defenders flee the city, ending the Atlanta Campaign. 1867 – Mutsuhito, Emperor Meiji of Japan, marries Masako Ichijō, thereafter known as Empress Shōken. 1870 – Franco-Prussian War: Battle of Sedan: Prussian forces take Napoleon III of France and 100,000 of his soldiers prisoner. 1885 – Rock Springs massacre: In Rock Springs, Wyoming, 150 white miners, who are struggling to unionize so they could strike for better wages and work conditions, attack their Chinese fellow workers killing 28, wounding 15 and forcing several hundred more out of town. 1898 – Battle of Omdurman: British and Egyptian troops defeat Sudanese tribesmen and establish British dominance in Sudan.

[hetaestoniahq]

What have I found. Why have I seen NO ONE talk about this?

Estonia knows this stuff

Besides the piece I've seen before of Prussia during the USSR with Estonia and Latvia basically bringing up the chores and dealing with Russia they have to do, there isn't much about Estonia and Prussia in Hetalia.

In reality Estonia and Prussia (as the Teutonic Order) have quite the history together.

Considering said history, Estonia and Prussia's relationship should look more similar to Lithuania and Prussia.

It's simple really why.

The Teutonic Order crusaded and had a rather fierce war with Estonia, and even after winning Estonia kept doing uprisings and disobeying him. (The Saaremaa Rebellions in which Germans were wiped out on the island, Battle of Durbe in which Estonia ditched The Order and they lost the battle.)

The Order pressed on a religion Estonia didn't want, and enslaved the people to be treated like worthless trash for 600 years.

That is just scratching the surface of Estonia and Prussia, but one thing for certain is that Estonia was fueled by hatred and rage when it came to him.

In 1343-1345 Estonians rose up to renounce Christianity, fight for their freedom and wipe out all German blood on their land

Mahtra sõda. (War)

Estonians burning 300+ Baltic German manors in 1905

Estonians being eager to go into war during WWI because of wanting to get revenge of the Germans for the slavery and suffering prior.

Estonia with Latvia having to fight back and succeeding in winning against the Freikorps and Landwehr in 1919-1920, who had wanted to invade and annex both Latvia and Estonia to create a Baltic German dominated state.

During WWII, remembering St. George's night uprising in 1343-1345, Germans were declared "historical blood-enemies"

This is only keeping it simple and short, there is A LOT to it that fuels

Although I don't imagine with the recent things that Prussia was directly the one at fault, the things he did back as the Teutonic Order does make it HIS FAULT that Estonia (and Latvia too actually) suffered such a horrible history.

So this? This is huge.

Of course there's high doubt Himaruya knows the history behind those two, only having Estonia state how Prussia bullied him as kids, but this means quite a few things.

Estonia and Prussia get along, at least now they do, and Estonia seems to know things that some probably don't.

Prussia after all puts up this persona of being all awesome and with no issues with himself - in reality he's a very broken lonely man.

This clearly though - Estonia says it's so casually even - implies Estonia knows this broken side of Prussia very well. Although way back he wouldn't have cared he now does.

I highly doubt Prussia yet showed or even had such a horribly broken side to him during the crusades era. There is another era Estonia and Prussia have had to be around eachother: The USSR.

It's canon Prussia was/is East Germany and had to work with the Baltics, Lithuania and Prussia of course hate eachother - and knowing Latvia he either just behaved politely or even worked towards just trying to be friendly towards him and maybe even forgive him. (Although that would be very hard, considering all Latvia has suffered because of this man... I imagine Latvia can be pretty forgiving though.)

Estonia though - he's stubborn alright? Even after half a century of being free from the Baltic German's enslavement he was craving for any chance at revenge, to make them suffer. Estonia was like a wildfire with a whole forest as his fuel. He'd definitely not be one to forgive or be kind to the man who is the reason behind everything.

I imagine he kept up his usual facade of "Oh yes I definitely don't want to snap your neck" , acting polite and such, but would still sneak in certain behaviour that would remind Prussia that he does not like him. The reason he'd also just not go all revenge mode is because of how he's been trying to move and be the peaceful nation he wants to be, even in his current situation. He wouldn't want to give Prussia any way to say that Estonia is a bully or a horrible person - wanting to show that he's the better one here.

In the manga we see Estonia actually seem concerned for Prussia and even say to comfort him if he's crying. I don't know, something about this wording and even bringing this up is implying Estonia has comforted Prussia, possibly more than once.

Prussia has allowed himself be to vulnerable around a person he knows has many times wanted his death, and Estonia - instead of tormenting him for his tears and emotions - comforts him. I imagine Estonia almost never cries, the "Men don't cry" having gotten rooted into him too hard and heavily pressing it onto HIMSELF. Back then when it comes to Prussia and Estonia hating him, he could and would have absolutely used this to call Prussia weak and pathetic.

His expression too, he sees very calm about it, relieved to have someone there incase Prussia needs comfort.

He also knows odd things that shouldn't be said around Prussia, something maybe only Germany would know, that is very interesting.

You may not understand but to me this means a shit ton for those two's development oh my god.. This is huge and helps with my thought that Estonia and Prussia could have gone through a long and hard development of mending through their past and becoming friends. Their personalities would make them great damn friends. If only the history wasn't this bad...

Source

[rabbitcruiser]

Lisbon Cathedral (No. 2)

Lisbon has been the seat of a bishopric since the 4th century. After the period of Visigothic domination the city was conquered by the Moors and stayed under Arab control from the 8th to the 12th century, although Christians were allowed to live in Lisbon and its surroundings. In the year 1147, the city was reconquered by an army composed of Portuguese soldiers led by King Afonso Henriques and North European crusaders taking part on the Second Crusade (see Siege of Lisbon). An English crusader named Gilbert of Hastings was placed as bishop, and a new cathedral was built on the site of the main mosque of Lisbon.

This first building was completed between 1147 and the first decades of the 13th century in Late Romanesque style. At that time the relics of St Vincent of Saragossa, patron saint of Lisbon, were brought to the cathedral from Southern Portugal. In the end of the 13th century King Dinis of Portugal built a Gothic cloister, and his successor Afonso IV of Portugal had the main chapel converted into a royal pantheon in Gothic style for him and his family. In 1498, Queen Eleanor of Viseu founded the Irmandade de Invocação a Nossa Senhora da Misericórdia de Lisboa (Brotherhood of Invocation to Our Lady of Mercy of Lisbon ) in one of the chapels of the cloister of the cathedral. This brotherhood evolved into the Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa, a Catholic charitable institution that later spread to other cities and had a very important role in Portugal and its colonies.

Source: Wikipedia