#Top 30+ Popular CSS Interview Questions and Answers

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300+ TOP SELENIUM Interview Questions and Answers

Selenium Interview Questions for freshers and experienced :-

1. What is Automation Testing? Automation testing or Test Automation is a process of automating the manual process to test the application/system under test. Automation testing involves use to a separate testing tool which lets you create test scripts which can be executed repeatedly and doesn’t require any manual intervention. 2. What are the benefits of Automation Testing? Benefits of Automation testing are: Supports execution of repeated test cases Aids in testing a large test matrix Enables parallel execution Encourages unattended execution Improves accuracy thereby reducing human generated errors Saves time and money 3. Why should Selenium be selected as a test tool? Selenium is free and open source have a large user base and helping communities have cross Browser compatibility (Firefox, chrome, Internet Explorer, Safari etc.) have great platform compatibility (Windows, Mac OS, Linux etc.) supports multiple programming languages (Java, C#, Ruby, Python, Pearl etc.) has fresh and regular repository developments supports distributed testing 4. what is Selenium and what is composed of? Selenium is a suite of tools for automated web testing. It is composed of Selenium IDE (Integrated Development Environment) : It is a tool for recording and playing back. It is a firefox plugin WebDriver and RC: It provide the APIs for a variety of languages like Java, .NET, PHP, etc. With most of the browsers Webdriver and RC works. Grid: With the help of Grid you can distribute tests on multiple machines so that test can be run parallel which helps in cutting down the time required for running in browser test suites 5. What do we mean by Selenium 1 and Selenium 2? Selenium RC and WebDriver, in a combination are popularly known as Selenium 2. Selenium RC alone is also referred as Selenium 1. 6. Which is the latest Selenium tool? WebDriver 7. What are the testing types that can be supported by Selenium? Selenium supports the following types of testing: Functional Testing Regression Testing 8. Why should Selenium be selected as a test tool? Selenium is free and open source have a large user base and helping communities have cross Browser compatibility (Firefox, chrome, Internet Explorer, Safari etc.) have great platform compatibility (Windows, Mac OS, Linux etc.) supports multiple programming languages (Java, C#, Ruby, Python, Pearl etc.) has fresh and regular repository developments supports distributed testing 9. What are the different types of waits available in WebDriver? There are two types of waits available in WebDriver: 1.Implicit Wait 2.Explicit Wait Implicit Wait: Implicit waits are used to provide a default waiting time (say 30 seconds) between each consecutive test step/command across the entire test script. Thus, subsequent test step would only execute when the 30 seconds have elapsed after executing the previous test step/command. Explicit Wait: Explicit waits are used to halt the execution till the time a particular condition is met or the maximum time has elapsed. Unlike Implicit waits, explicit waits are applied for a particular instance only. 10. What are the limitations of Selenium? Following are the limitations of Selenium: Selenium supports testing of only web based applications Mobile applications cannot be tested using Selenium Captcha and Bar code readers cannot be tested using Selenium Reports can only be generated using third party tools like TestNG or Junit. As Selenium is a free tool, thus there is no ready vendor support though the user can find numerous helping communities. User is expected to possess prior programming language knowledge.

SELENIUM Interview Questions 11. When should I use Selenium IDE? Selenium IDE is the simplest and easiest of all the tools within the Selenium Package. Its record and playback feature makes it exceptionally easy to learn with minimal acquaintances to any programming language. Selenium IDE is an ideal tool for a naïve user. 12. How do I launch the browser using WebDriver? The following syntax can be used to launch Browser: WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(); 13. What is Selenese? Selenese is the language which is used to write test scripts in Selenium IDE. 14. When should I use Selenium Grid? Selenium Grid can be used to execute same or different test scripts on multiple platforms and browsers concurrently so as to achieve distributed test execution, testing under different environments and saving execution time remarkably. 15. What is Selenium? What are the different Selenium components? Selenium is one of the most popular automated testing suites. Selenium is designed in a way to support and encourage automation testing of functional aspects of web based applications and a wide range of browsers and platforms. Due to its existence in the open source community, it has become one of the most accepted tools among the testing professionals. Selenium is not just a single tool or a utility, rather a package of several testing tools and for the same reason it is referred to as a Suite. Each of these tools is designed to cater different testing and test environment requirements. The suite package constitutes of the following sets of tools: Selenium Integrated Development Environment (IDE) – Selenium IDE is a record and playback tool. It is distributed as a Firefox Plugin. Selenium Remote Control (RC) – Selenium RC is a server that allows user to create test scripts in a desired programming language. It also allows executing test scripts within the large spectrum of browsers. Selenium WebDriver – WebDriver is a different tool altogether that has various advantages over Selenium RC. WebDriver directly communicates with the web browser and uses its native compatibility to automate. Selenium Grid – Selenium Grid is used to distribute your test execution on multiple platforms and environments concurrently. 16. What is an Xpath? Xpath is used to locate a web element based on its XML path. XML stands for Extensible Markup Language and is used to store, organize and transport arbitrary data. It stores data in a key-value pair which is very much similar to HTML tags. Both being markup languages and since they fall under the same umbrella, Xpath can be used to locate HTML elements. The fundamental behind locating elements using Xpath is the traversing between various elements across the entire page and thus enabling a user to find an element with the reference of another element. 17. How to type in a textbox using Selenium? User can use sendKeys(“String to be entered”) to enter the string in the textbox. Syntax: WebElement username = drv.findElement(By.id(“Email”)); // entering username username.sendKeys(“sth”); 18. How can you find if an element in displayed on the screen? WebDriver facilitates the user with the following methods to check the visibility of the web elements. These web elements can be buttons, drop boxes, checkboxes, radio buttons, labels etc. 1.isDisplayed() 2.isSelected() 3.isEnabled() Syntax: isDisplayed(): boolean buttonPresence = driver.findElement(By.id(“gbqfba”)).isDisplayed(); isSelected(): boolean buttonSelected =driver.findElement(By.id(“gbqfba”)).isDisplayed(); isEnabled(): boolean searchIconEnabled = driver.findElement(By.id(“gbqfb”)).isEnabled(); 19. Can you explain the phase of Automation Testing LifeCycle? Outline the potential benefits and test tool proposal Test tool evaluation and selection Steps necessary to outline automated testing to the project Identifies the test procedure standards, defines the tests, defines development standard Test plans are executed This is done throughout the life-cycle 20. What are the different types of locators in Selenium? Locator can be termed as an address that identifies a web element uniquely within the webpage. Thus, to identify web elements accurately and precisely we have different types of locators in Selenium: ID ClassName Name TagName LinkText PartialLinkText Xpath CSS Selector DOM 21. What are the different types of Drivers available in WebDriver? The different drivers available in WebDriver are: FirefoxDriver InternetExplorerDriver ChromeDriver SafariDriver OperaDriver AndroidDriver IPhoneDriver HtmlUnitDriver 22. What is difference between assert and verify commands? Assert: Assert command checks whether the given condition is true or false. Let’s say we assert whether the given element is present on the web page or not. If the condition is true then the program control will execute the next test step but if the condition is false, the execution would stop and no further test would be executed. Verify: Verify command also checks whether the given condition is true or false. Irrespective of the condition being true or false, the program execution doesn’t halts i.e. any failure during verification would not stop the execution and all the test steps would be executed. 23. What are the steps to run automation using selenium? The very basic steps are: Record the test steps using selenium-IDE. Modify the script according to the testing needs. Add validation points, Java Scripts, Time-out etc. Run the test. View the result after test run complete analyze. 24. What are the capabilities of Selenium IDE? Selenium IDE (Integrated Development Environment) works similar to commercial tools like QTP, Silk Test and Test Partner etc. The below points describes well about Selenium IDE. Selenium IDE is a Firefox add-on. Selenium IDE can support recording the clicks, typing, and other actions to make a test cases. Using Selenium IDE, a tester can play back the test cases in the Firefox browser. Selenium IDE supports exporting the test cases and suites to Selenium RC. Debugging of the test cases with step-by-step can be done. Breakpoint insertion is possible. Page abstraction functionality is supported by Selenium IDE. Selenium IDE can supports an extensibility capability allowing the use of add-ons or user extensions that expand the functionality of Selenium IDE 25. How to find more than one web element in the list? At times, we may come across elements of same type like multiple hyperlinks, images etc arranged in an ordered or unordered list. Thus, it makes absolute sense to deal with such elements by a single piece of code and this can be done using WebElement List. Sample Code // Storing the list List elementList = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//div//ul//li")); // Fetching the size of the list int listSize = elementList.size(); for (int i=0; i { // Clicking on each service provider link serviceProviderLinks.get(i).click(); // Navigating back to the previous page that stores link to service providers driver.navigate().back(); } 26. What is the difference between driver.close() and driver.quit command? close(): WebDriver’s close() method closes the web browser window that the user is currently working on or we can also say the window that is being currently accessed by the WebDriver. The command neither requires any parameter nor does is return any value. quit(): Unlike close() method, quit() method closes down all the windows that the program has opened. Same as close() method, the command neither requires any parameter nor does is return any value. 27. How can we get a text of a web element? Get command is used to retrieve the inner text of the specified web element. The command doesn’t require any parameter but returns a string value. It is also one of the extensively used commands for verification of messages, labels, errors etc displayed on the web pages. Syntax: String Text = driver.findElement(By.id(“Text”)).getText(); What is the difference between “/” and “//” in Xpath? Single Slash “/” – Single slash is used to create Xpath with absolute path i.e. the xpath would be created to start selection from the document node/start node. Double Slash “//” – Double slash is used to create Xpath with relative path i.e. the xpath would be created to start selection from anywhere within the document. How to select value in a dropdown? Value in the drop down can be selected using WebDriver’s Select class. Syntax: SelectByValue: Select selectByValue = new Select(driver.findElement(By.id(“SelectID_One”))); selectByValue.selectByValue(“greenvalue”); selectByVisibleText: Select selectByVisibleText = new Select (driver.findElement(By.id(“SelectID_Two”))); selectByVisibleText.selectByVisibleText(“Lime”); selectByIndex: Select selectByIndex = new Select(driver.findElement(By.id(“SelectID_Three”))); selectByIndex.selectByIndex(2); 28. What are the different types of navigation commands? Following are the navigation commands: navigate().back() – The above command requires no parameters and takes back the user to the previous webpage in the web browser’s history. Sample code: driver.navigate().back(); navigate().forward() – This command lets the user to navigate to the next web page with reference to the browser’s history. Sample code: driver.navigate().forward(); navigate().refresh() – This command lets the user to refresh the current web page there by reloading all the web elements. Sample code: driver.navigate().refresh(); navigate().to() – This command lets the user to launch a new web browser window and navigate to the specified URL. Sample code: driver.navigate().to(“https://google.com”); 29. How to get title? driver.getTitle();~To Print: System.out.println( driver.getTitle()); 30. Can Selenium handle windows based pop up? Selenium is an automation testing tool which supports only web application testing. Therefore, windows pop up cannot be handled using Selenium. 31. Can WebDriver test Mobile applications? WebDriver cannot test Mobile applications. WebDriver is a web based testing tool, therefore applications on the mobile browsers can be tested. 32. How can we handle web based pop up? WebDriver offers the users with a very efficient way to handle these pop ups using Alert interface. There are the four methods that we would be using along with the Alert interface. • void dismiss() – The accept() method clicks on the “Cancel” button as soon as the pop up window appears. • void accept() – The accept() method clicks on the “Ok” button as soon as the pop up window appears. • String getText() – The getText() method returns the text displayed on the alert box. • void sendKeys(String stringToSend) – The sendKeys() method enters the specified string pattern into the alert box. Syntax: // accepting javascript alert Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); alert.accept(); 33. How can we handle windows based pop up? Selenium is an automation testing tool which supports only web application testing, that means, it doesn’t support testing of windows based applications. However Selenium alone can’t help the situation but along with some third party intervention, this problem can be overcome. There are several third party tools available for handling window based pop ups along with the selenium like AutoIT, Robot class etc. 34. How to click on a hyper link using linkText? driver.findElement(By.linkText(“Google”)).click(); The command finds the element using link text and then click on that element and thus the user would be re-directed to the corresponding page. The above mentioned link can also be accessed by using the following command. driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText(“Goo”)).click(); The above command find the element based on the substring of the link provided in the parenthesis and thus partialLinkText() finds the web element with the specified substring and then clicks on it. 35. How to assert title of the web page? //verify the title of the web page assertTrue(“The title of the window is incorrect.”,driver.getTitle().equals(“Title of the page”)); 36. What is a framework? Framework is a constructive blend of various guidelines, coding standards, concepts, processes, practices, project hierarchies, modularity, reporting mechanism, test data injections etc. to pillar automation testing. 37. How to handle frame in WebDriver? An inline frame acronym as iframe is used to insert another document with in the current HTML document or simply a web page into a web page by enabling nesting. Select iframe by id driver.switchTo().frame(“ID of the frame“); Locating iframe using tagName driver.switchTo().frame(driver.findElements(By.tagName(“iframe”).get(0)); Locating iframe using index frame(index) driver.switchTo().frame(0); frame(Name of Frame) driver.switchTo().frame(“name of the frame”); 38. When do we use findElement() and findElements()? findElement(): findElement() is used to find the first element in the current web page matching to the specified locator value. Take a note that only first matching element would be fetched. Syntax: WebElement element = driver.findElements(By.xpath(“//div//ul//li”)); findElements(): findElements() is used to find all the elements in the current web page matching to the specified locator value. Take a note that all the matching elements would be fetched and stored in the list of WebElements. Syntax: List elementList = driver.findElements(By.xpath(“//div//ul//li”)); 39. What are the advantages of Automation framework? Advantage of Test Automation framework Reusability of code Maximum coverage Recovery scenario Low cost maintenance Minimal manual intervention Easy Reporting 40. How can I read test data from excels? Test data can efficiently be read from excel using JXL or POI API. See detailed tutorial here. 41. Explain how Selenium Grid works? Selenium Grid sent the tests to the hub. These tests are redirected to Selenium Webdriver, which launch the browser and run the test. With entire test suite, it allows for running tests in parallel. 42. How to mouse hover on a web element using WebDriver? WebDriver offers a wide range of interaction utilities that the user can exploit to automate mouse and keyboard events. Action Interface is one such utility which simulates the single user interactions. Thus, In the following scenario, we have used Action Interface to mouse hover on a drop down which then opens a list of options. Sample Code: // Instantiating Action Interface Actions actions=new Actions(driver); // howering on the dropdown actions.moveToElement(driver.findElement(By.id("id of the dropdown"))).perform(); // Clicking on one of the items in the list options WebElement subLinkOption=driver.findElement(By.id("id of the sub link")); subLinkOption.click(); 43. Can captcha be automated? No, captcha and bar code reader cannot be automated. 44. Explain what is assertion in Selenium and what are the types of assertion? Assertion is used as a verification point. It verifies that the state of the application conforms to what is expected. The types of assertion are “assert” , “verify” and “waifFor”.. 45. While using click command can you use screen coordinate? To click on specific part of element, you would need to use clickAT command. ClickAt command accepts element locator and x, y co-ordinates as arguments- clickAt (locator, cordString) 46. What are the advantages of Selenium? It supports C#, PHP, Java, Perl, Phython It supports different OS like Windows, Linux and Mac OS It has got powerful methods to locate elements (Xpath, DOM , CSS) It has highly developer community supported by Google 47. How to retrieve css properties of an element? The values of the css properties can be retrieved using a get() method: Syntax: driver.findElement(By.id(“id“)).getCssValue(“name of css attribute”); driver.findElement(By.id(“id“)).getCssValue(“font-size”); How to capture screen shot in WebDriver? import org.junit.After; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType; import org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; public class CaptureScreenshot { WebDriver driver; @Before public void setUp() throws Exception { driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get("https://google.com"); } @After public void tearDown() throws Exception { driver.quit(); } @Test public void test() throws IOException { // Code to capture the screenshot File scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); // Code to copy the screenshot in the desired location FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File("C:\\CaptureScreenshot\\google.jpg")); } } 48. What is the difference between type keys and type commands ? TypeKeys() will trigger JavaScript event in most of the cases whereas .type() won’t. Type key populates the value attribute using JavaScript whereas .typekeys() emulates like actual user typing 49. What is the difference between setSpeed() and sleep() methods? :Both will delay the speed of execution. Thread.sleep () : It will stop the current (java) thread for the specified period of time. Its done only once • It takes a single argument in integer format Ex: thread.sleep(2000)- It will wait for 2 seconds • It waits only once at the command given at sleep SetSpeed () : For specific amount of time it will stop the execution for every selenium command. • It takes a single argument in integer format Ex: selenium.setSpeed(“2000”)- It will wait for 2 seconds • Runs each command after setSpeed delay by the number of milliseconds mentioned in set Speed This command is useful for demonstration purpose or if you are using a slow web application What is same origin policy? How you can avoid same origin policy? The “Same Origin Policy” is introduced for security reason, and it ensures that content of your site will never be accessible by a script from another site. As per the policy, any code loaded within the browser can only operate within that website’s domain. To avoid “Same Origin Policy” proxy injection method is used, in proxy injection mode the Selenium Server acts as a client configured HTTP proxy , which sits between the browser and application under test and then masks the AUT under a fictional URL 50. What is Object Repository? How can we create Object Repository in Selenium? Object Repository is a term used to refer to the collection of web elements belonging to Application Under Test (AUT) along with their locator values. Thus, whenever the element is required within the script, the locator value can be populated from the Object Repository. Object Repository is used to store locators in a centralized location instead of hard coding them within the scripts. In Selenium, objects can be stored in an excel sheet which can be populated inside the script whenever required. What is Selenium and what is composed of? Selenium is a suite of tools for automated web testing. It is composed of Selenium IDE (Integrated Development Environment) : It is a tool for recording and playing back. It is a firefox plugin WebDriver and RC: It provide the APIs for a variety of languages like Java, .NET, PHP, etc. With most of the browsers Webdriver and RC works. Grid: With the help of Grid you can distribute tests on multiple machines so that test can be run parallel which helps in cutting down the time required for running in browser test suites 51. What is Selenium 2.0 ? Web testing tools Selenium RC and WebDriver are consolidated in single tool in Selenium 2.0 52. Mention what is the use of X-path? X-Path is used to find the WebElement in web pages. It is also useful in identifying the dynamic elements. 53. List out the technical challenges with Selenium? Technical challenges with Selenium are Selenium supports only web based applications It does not support the Bitmap comparison For any reporting related capabilities have to depend on third party tools No vendor support for tool compared to commercial tools like HP UFT As there is no object repository concept in Selenium, maintainability of objects becomes difficult 53. List out the test types that are supported by Selenium? For web based application testing selenium can be used The test types can be supported are a) Functional b) Regression For post release validation with continuous integration automation tool could be used a) Jenkins b) Hudson c) Quick Build d) CruiseCont 54. What is heightened privileges browsers? The purpose of heightened privileges is similar to Proxy Injection, allows websites to do something that are not commonly permitted. The key difference is that the browsers are launced in a special mode called heightened privileges. By using these browser mode, Selenium core can open the AUT directly and also read/write its content without passing the whole AUT through the Selenium RC server 55. Why testers should opt for Selenium and not QTP? Selenium is more popular than QTP as Selenium is an open source whereas QTP is a commercial tool Selenium is used specially for testing web based applications while QTP can be used for testing client server application also Selenium supports Firefox, IE, Opera, Safari on operating systems like Windows, Mac, linux etc. however QTP is limited to Internet Explorer on Windows. Selenium supports many programming languages like Ruby, Perl, Python whereas QTP supports only VB script 56. What are the four parameter you have to pass in Selenium? Four parameters that you have to pass in Selenium are Host Port Number Browser URL 57. How you can use “submit” a form using Selenium ? You can use “submit” method on element to submit form- element.submit () ; Alternatively you can use click method on the element which does form submission Selenium IDE captures 3 options? Command, Target, Value 58. Mention what is the difference between Implicit wait and Explicit wait? Implicit Wait:Sets a timeout for all successive Web Element searches. For the specified amount of time it will try looking for element again and again before throwing a NoSuchElementException. It waits for elements to show up. Explicit Wait : It is a one-timer, used for a particular search./p> 59. What is Object Repository ? An object repository is an essential entity in any UI automations which allows a tester to store all object that will be used in the scripts in one or more centralized locations rather than scattered all over the test scripts. 60. Explain how to assert text of webpage using selenium 2.0 ? WebElement el = driver.findElement(By.id(“ElementID”)) //get test from element and stored in text variable String text = el.getText(); //assert text from expected Assert.assertEquals(“Element Text”, text); 61. Can we use Selenium grid for performance testing? Yes. But not as effectively as a dedicated performance testing tool like Loadrunner. 62. Can Selenium test an application on Android browser? Selenium can handle Android browser. 63. Which browsers does WebDriver support? The existing drivers are the ChromeDriver, InternetExplorerDriver, FirefoxDriver, OperaDriver and HtmlUnitDriver. For more information about each of these, including their relative strengths and weaknesses, please follow the links to the relevant pages. There is also support for mobile testing via the AndroidDriver, OperaMobileDriver and IPhoneDriver 64. What tests can selenium do? Selenium could do functional, regression, and load of web based applications.p> 65. Which attribute you should consider throughout the script in frame for “if no frame Id as well as no frame name”? You can use…..driver.findElements(By.xpath(“//iframe”))…. This will return list of frames. You will ned to switch to each and every frame and search for locator which we want. Then break the loop 66. How do I execute Javascript directly? We believe that most of the time there is a requirement to execute Javascript there is a failing in the tool being used: it hasn’t emitted the correct events, has not interacted with a page correctly, or has failed to react when an XmlHttpRequest returns. We would rather fix WebDriver to work consistently and correctly than rely on testers working out which Javascript method to call. We also realise that there will be times when this is a limitation. As a result, for those browsers that support it, you can execute Javascript by casting the WebDriver instance to a JavascriptExecutor. In Java, this looks like: WebDriver driver; // Assigned elsewhere JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; js.executeScript(“return document.title”); Other language bindings will follow a similar approach. Take a look at the UsingJavascript page for more information. 67. My XPath finds elements in one browser, but not in others. Why is this? The short answer is that each supported browser handles XPath slightly differently, and you’re probably running into one of these differences. The long answer is on the XpathInWebDriver page.. 68. Explain what is the difference between find elements () and find element () ? find element (): It finds the first element within the current page using the given “locating mechanism”. It returns a single WebElement findElements () : Using the given “locating mechanism” find all the elements within the current page. It returns a list of web elements. Explain what are the JUnits annotation linked with Selenium? The JUnits annotation linked with Selenium are @Before public void method() – It will perform the method () before each test, this method can prepare the test @Test public void method() – Annotations @Test identifies that this method is a test method environment @After public void method()- To execute a method before this annotation is used, test method must start with test@Before 69. What is Selenium IDE? Selenium IDE is an integrated development environment for Selenium tests. It is implemented as a Firefox extension, and has a recording feature, which will keep account of user actions as they are performed and store them as a reusable script to play back. Selenium-IDE also offers full editing of test cases for more precision and control. 70. Why is my Javascript execution always returning null? ou need to return from your javascript snippet to return a value, so: js.executeScript(“document.title”); will return null, but: js.executeScript(“return document.title”); will return the title of the document. 71. What is WebDriver? WebDriver is a tool for writing automated tests of websites. It aims to mimic the behaviour of a real user, and as such interacts with the HTML of the application 72. Can Selenium test a application on iPhone’s Mobile Safari browser? Selenium can handle Mobile Safari browser. There is experimental Selenium IPhone Driver for running tests on Mobile with Safari on the iPhone and iPad and iPod Touch. 73. What are the disadvantages of Selenium? Disadvantages of Selenium: Limitation in terms of browser support (It runs only in Mozilla).Scripts written using Selenium IDE can be used for other browsers only if it is used with Selenium RC or Selenium Core. We can’t run recorded script if it is converted to Java, C#, Ruby etc. Not allowed to write manual scripts like conditions and Loops for Data Driven Testing There is no option to verify images 74. Explain what is Datadriven framework and Keyword driven? Datadriven framework: In this framework, the test data is separated and kept outside the Test Scripts, while test case logic resides in Test Scripts. Test data is read from the external files ( Excel Files) and are loaded into the variables inside the Test Script. Variables are used for both for input values and for verification values. Keyworddriven framework: The keyword driven frameworks requires the development of data tables and keywords, independent of the test automation. In a keyword driven test, the functionality of the application under test is documented in a table as well as step by step instructions for each test. 76. What are the features of TestNG and list some of the functionality in TestNG which makes it more effective? TestNG is a testing framework based on JUnit and NUnit to simplify a broad range of testing needs, from unit testing to integration testing. And the functionality which makes it efficient testing framework are Support for annotations Support for data-driven testing Flexible test configuration Ability to re-execute failed test cases 77. Explain how you can login into any site if it’s showing any authentication popup for password and username? Pass the username and password with url Syntax- http://username:password@url ex- http://creyate:abc@www.gmail.com 78. What is the selenium’s recording language? Selenium’s recording language is “HTML”. 79. What does it mean to be “developer focused”? We believe that within a software application’s development team, the people who are best placed to build the tools that everyone else can use are the developers. Although it should be easy to use WebDriver directly, it should also be easy to use it as a building block for more sophisticated tools. Because of this, WebDriver has a small API that’s easy to explore by hitting the “autocomplete” button in your favorite IDE, and aims to work consistently no matter which browser implementation you use. 80. What are the steps to run automation using selenium? The very basic steps are: Record the test steps using selenium-IDE. Modify the script according to the testing needs. Add validation points, Java Scripts, Time-out etc. 81. Why to use TestNG with Selenium RC ? If you want full automation against different server and client platforms, You need a way to invoke the tests from a command line process, reports that tells you what happened and flexibility in how you create your test suites. TestNG gives that flexibility. 82. How you can capture server side log Selenium Server? To capture server side log in Selenium Server, you can use command java –jar .jar –log selenium.log 83. Other than the default port 4444 how you can run Selenium Server? You can run Selenium server on java-jar selenium-server.jar-port other than its default port 84. How Selenium grid hub keeps in touch with RC slave machine? At predefined time selenium grid hub keeps polling all RC slaves to make sure it is available for testing. The deciding parameter is called “remoteControlPollingIntervalSeconds” and is defined in “grid_configuration.yml”file 85. Using Selenium how can you handle network latency ? To handle network latency you can use driver.manage.pageloadingtime for network latency 86. To enter values onto text boxes what is the command that can be used? To enter values onto text boxes we can use command sendkeys() 87. How do you identify an object using selenium? To identify an object using Selenium you can use isElementPresent(String locator) isElementPresent takes a locator as the argument and if found returns a Boolean 88. In Selenium what are Breakpoints and Startpoints? Breakpoints: When you implement a breakpoint in your code, the execution will stop right there. This helps you to verify that your code is working as expected. StartpointsStartpoint indicates the point from where the execution should begin. Startpoint can be used when you want to run the testscript from the middle of the code or a breakpoint. 89. Mention why to choose Python over Java in Selenium? Few points that favor Python over Java to use with Selenium is, Java programs tend to run slower compared to Python programs. Java uses traditional braces to start and ends blocks, while Python uses indentation. Java employs static typing, while Python is dynamically typed. Python is simpler and more compact compared to Java. 90. Mention what are the challenges in Handling Ajax Call in Selenium Webdriver? The challenges faced in Handling Ajax Call in Selenium Webdriver are Using "pause" command for handling Ajax call is not completely reliable. Long pause time makes the test unacceptably slow and increases the testing time. Instead, "waitforcondition" will be more helpful in testing Ajax applications. It is difficult to assess the risk associated with particular Ajax applications Given full freedom to developers to modify Ajax application makes the testing process challenging Creating automated test request may be difficult for testing tools as such AJAX application often use different encoding or serialization technique to submit POST data. 91. Mention what is IntelliJ? Intellij is an IDE that helps you to write better and faster code for Selenium. Intellij can be used in the option to Java bean and Eclipse. 92. Mention in what ways you can customize TestNG report? You can customize TestNG report in two ways, Using ITestListener Interface Using IReporter Interface 93. To generate pdf reports mention what Java API is required? To generate pdf reports, you need Java API IText. 94. What is Listeners in Selenium WebDriver? In Selenium WebDriver, Listeners "listen" to the event defined in the selenium script and behave accordingly. It allows customizing TestNG reports or logs. There are two main listeners i.e. WebDriver Listeners and TestNG Listeners. 95. What are the types of Listeners in TestNG? The types of Listeners in TestNG are, IAnnotationTransformer IAnnotationTransformer2 IConfigurable IConfigurationListener IExecutionListener IHookable IInvokedMethodListener IInvokedMethodListener2 IMethodInterceptor IReporter ISuiteListener ITestListener 96. What is desired capability? How is it useful in terms of Selenium? The desired capability is a series of key/value pairs that stores the browser properties like browser name, browser version, the path of the browser driver in the system, etc. to determine the behavior of the browser at run time. For Selenium, It can be used to configure the driver instance of Selenium WebDriver. When you want to run the test cases on a different browser with different operating systems and versions. 97. For Database Testing in Selenium Webdriver what API is required? For Database Testing in Selenium Webdriver, you need JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) API. It allows you to execute SQL statements. 98. Mention when to use AutoIT? Selenium is designed to automate web-based applications on different browsers. But to handle window GUI and non-HTML popups in the application you need AutoIT. 99. Why do you need Session Handling while working with Selenium? While working with Selenium, you need Session Handling. This is because, during test execution, the Selenium WebDriver has to interact with the browser all the time to execute given commands. At the time of execution, it is also possible that, before current execution completes, someone else starts execution of another script, in the same machine and in the same type of browser. So to avoid such situation you need Session Handling. 100. What are the advantages of Using Git Hub For Selenium? The advantages of Using Git Hub for Selenium are Multiple people when they work on the same project they can update project details and inform other team members simultaneously. Jenkins can help you to build the project from the remote repository regularly. This helps you to keep track of failed builds. SELENIUM Questions and Answers pdf Download Read the full article

[t-baba]

A web accessibility win following Supreme Court decision

#412 — October 9, 2019

Read on the Web

Frontend Focus

Supreme Court Hands Victory to Blind Man Who Sued Domino's Over Site Accessibility — Back in August we shared news that pizza company Domino’s was requesting for a lawsuit, requiring its website to be accessible to blind people, to be shut down. The Supreme Court has now denied that petition — a significant win for disability advocates.

Tucker Higgins

ASPIRE: Ideals to Aspire to When Building Websites — In relation to the item above, here Scott makes the case that sites should aspire to be Accessible, Secure, Performant, Inclusive, Responsive and Ethical.

Scott Jehl

A Technical Deep Dive into FeathersJS — FeathersJS is easy to integrate, data agnostic, and highly customizable. Is it the holy grail of frameworks for realtime apps and APIs? This article puts Feathers through its paces and answers the question: when is FeathersJS too lightweight?

Ably sponsor

The Evolution of Web Content Management — A look at the evolution of web content management from the early days of the web to the headless, cloud-based CMS systems of today.

Brian Rinaldi

How to Read A Web Page Test Waterfall Chart — If like me, you often look at a waterfall chart and get a bit lost as to what it all means, you’ll find this to be a handy reference, explaining it all in very accessible way.

Matt Hobbs

💻 Jobs

React JS Developer (Remote) — We’re looking for an ambitious React developer to help us make komoot the place to go to plan outdoor adventures.

KOMOOT

Mobile App Developer Wanted for High-Growth Fundraising Platform — This company has a big vision, and everyone embraces it, not because it’s a weird cult or something, but only because it’s ethical and cool.

CareersJS

Find A Job Through Vettery — Vettery specializes in tech roles and is completely free for job seekers. Create a profile to get started.

Vettery

📙 Articles, Tutorials & Opinion

Avoid 100vh On Mobile Web — If you’re using viewport units in CSS to style an element to take up the full screen height (using height: 100vh), you may want to reconsider. David recommends an alternative approach using JavaScript.

David Chanin

An Interview with an 'Adult Site' Developer — Now this won’t be for everyone, but regardless of your stance, this is an interesting look into the decisions behind the tech choices and how they all work at one of the web’s largest adult sites.

David Walsh

Clipping, Clipping, and More Clipping! — An exploration of how the CSS clip-path property can be used to create interesting effects.

Mikael Ainalem

The React Hooks Guide: In-Depth Tutorial with Examples. Start Learning — Learn all about React Hooks as we comprehensively cover: State and Effects, Context, Reducers, and Custom React Hooks.

Progress KendoReact sponsor

Retro Nostalgia & Why My New Website Looks Like Windows 98 — This developer was feeling “particularly nostalgic for the days of Geocities and floppy disks” so created a new (and well-realised) Windows 98-style personal site paying homage to such an ‘idealized past’. Here’s the UI library behind it.

Ash Kyd

Verify Phone Numbers On The Web with The SMS Receiver API — It’s still early days for this API, but here’s an initial look at how the planned SMS Receiver API will work.

Eiji Kitamura

How to Build a Progressive Web App (PWA) with only Vanilla JS — Bring a native-like experience to your webapps with this grab bag of techniques including styling, fonts, Service Workers, and creating a manifest file.

Sayan Mondal

▶  Accessibility in Web Standards and Its Future in Software. Listen Now

Heroku sponsorpodcast

Spacing, Grids and Layouts: Creating a Spatial System — How to define baseline grids, column grids, spacing and layouts.

Elliot Dahl

Trying to Make Sense of Gmail CSS Support — As an email publisher this sort of knowledge can prove invaluable…

Rémi Parmentier

💡 Tip of the Week

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Defining quotation styles with the <q> tag

When styling your site you may be happy with the "default, straight quotation style", but if you're keen on getting your typography just right then there is a way to ensure your quotation marks are “smart” via CSS.

As explained here, the HTML <q> element signals that the contained text is a short inline quotation. Most browsers implement this by surrounding the text in "quotation marks". You can, however, add a style to modify what automatically appears around the text:

q {  quotes: "“" "”"; }

It may be hard to make out in email, but this rule will wrap your inline quote with alternative 'smart' quotation marks. This blog post expands on how this simple tip can be used for multilingual sites, such as using differing quotation rules for different languages (like German).

Another idea is outlined in this recent blog post from Michael Lazarski, who shows how this technique can even be used with emoji for an 🙌 altogether different 🙌 approach.

This Tip of the Week is sponsored by Flatiron School, where you can learn software engineering, data science, or UX/UI design in just 15 weeks online or on campus.

🔧 Code, Tools & Resources

moveable: A Library for Dragging, Resizing, Scaling and More — If you want to manipulate an element in any way (warping, pinching, rotating, etc) this library can probably help. Demo here.

Daybrush (Younkue Choi)

Facebook Design: Images and Sketch Files of Popular Devices — These sort of collections always prove handy to have stored away in your bookmarks.

Facebook

AniX: A 'Super Easy and Lightweight' CSS Animation Library

AniX

   🗓 Upcoming Events

Accessibility Scotland, October 25 — Edinburgh, UK — One day of talks. Friendly, open discussion about accessibility.

Performance Now, November 21-22 — Amsterdam, Netherlands — A single track conference with fourteen world-class speakers, covering the most important web performance insights.

VueConfTO 2019, November 11-12 — Toronto, Canada — First ever Vue Conference in Canada. Biggest in North America, with great workshops and talks.

Frontend Con, November 26-27 — Warsaw, Poland — Brings together 30+ top experts with over 500 experienced frontend pros from all over the world.

by via Frontend Focus https://ift.tt/2AY6PLu

[codingtag]

The CSS Questions covering all the basic and advanced CSS categories This article on CSS Interview Questions will help you ace your interviews and will set you on the path of becoming a Full Stack Web Developer.

[marviinmelton]

Meet the Expert: ARANER TIAC Specialist, Manuel Guerrero

Turbine Cooling is one of ARANER’s main areas of expertise, with ARANER having implemented projects throughout the world and particularly the Middle East, for big names like Saudi Aramco. Manuel Guerrero has been a Turbine Inlet Air Cooling (TIAC) Specialist with ARANER since 2014. To discover more about Manuel’s background and experience in TIAC, as well as his insights into the Turbine Inlet Air Cooling industry and technologies, read the interview below.

Manuel Guerrero, TIAC Specialist at ARANER

m.guerrero@araner.com

Tell us about your studies and area of expertise: Turbine Inlet Air Cooling

For 5 years, I studied a bachelor’s degree in Mechanical Engineering at the Polytechnic University of Madrid. After finishing this degree and doing 3 years as a Research Engineer in Refrigeration processes, I finally entered ARANER in 2014. Since then, I have been studying and proposing different solutions for Gas Turbine Inlet Air Cooling plants.

I am extremely proud to be the TIAC specialist at such an innovative company as is ARANER, where I find interesting challenges every day.

Could you give an overview of Turbine Cooling technology and the industry?

Figure 1: Industrial gas turbine

TIAC technology maximizes the power output and energy efficiency of both new and existing gas turbine power plants for combined-cycle, simple-cycle and cogeneration. TIAC is especially effective in warm areas, since both the power output and efficiency of the gas turbine decreases when the temperature increases, which usually coincides also with the periods of higher demand. In order to overcome this power drop, the TIAC system cools down the intake air of the gas turbine. Hence the name Turbine Inlet Air Cooling. This video offers a pretty great demonstration!

As for the industry state, nowadays we must look at two aspects:

The power generation industry is largely still based on natural gas

The continued global rise in the demand for power has many power producers looking for ways to maximize capacity and increase the efficiency of their gas turbines.

Turbine Inlet Air Cooling is already playing a big role in these aspects, and will only continue to become more popular in the future. In the ever-changing power generation market, we will see new advanced refrigeration technologies applied to the Turbine Inlet Air Cooling Industry, based on efficient, energy-saving and sustainable solutions.

Why is TIAC the best solution?

Compared to the installation of a new gas turbine for capacity increase, TIAC is a cost-effective option and thus an increasingly attractive solution to power producers and others depending on gas turbines.

Turbine Inlet Air Cooling offers many different benefits, especially in hotter climates, such as a power output increase about 10% to 30% and a heat rate improvement up to 5%. This improvement is related to another benefit that I am very proud of, that TIAC is a recognized green technology with carbon credits.

But there is more: TIAC is a well proven technology, with lower price per generated MW and faster delivery, compared to a new gas turbine installation. Besides that, we can use the same Turbine Cooling system to refrigerate the GT auxiliaries such as generator & transformer when necessary.

I’ll give you a few more benefits to conclude: The flexibility of TIAC avoids the gas turbine output fluctuation produced by ambient conditions. And lastly, we can design Turbine Inlet Air Cooling systems with ZERO water consumption for power plants with restrictions. As you can see there are many different reasons that makes Turbine Inlet Air Cooling the BEST choice in the market.

Tell us about ARANER’s experience in Turbine Inlet Air Cooling projects

Figure 2: A Turbine Inlet Air Cooling installation by ARANER

I myself have been working on TIAC projects for more than 5 years now, from the design to the commissioning of the plants. As for ARANER, the company has a wide experience in implementing state-of-the-art cooling technologies on different TIAC projects.

After decades of work, ARANER has successfully cooled more than 100 gas turbines in the Middle East alone, thanks to our tailor-made Turbine Inlet Air Cooling (TIAC) plants and in some cases, their combination with other innovative solutions such as Thermal Energy Storage (get in contact with my colleague Katlyn Avery for better insight into this technology).

In my experience, ARANER is the top choice for any Turbine Inlet Air Cooling project for 3 reasons:

ARANER’s goal is to create value for all the stakeholders in the project, by meeting the needs of our customers, employees and the communities where we work. ARANER has already helped companies and public utilities worldwide to reduce energy costs, optimize energy performance and reach their goals in terms of efficiency.

ARANER is an engineering group with more than 25 years of experience in developing innovative solutions in the fields of Refrigeration, Cooling and Heating. Our tailor-made technologies always go one step forward the market in terms of efficiency, reliability and cost effectiveness.

The company has a wide range of capabilities: design, engineering, manufacturing & procurement of equipment and construction management that allow us to take full responsibility of the overall project.

Conclusion

The entire ARANER team is made up with dedicated, passionate, and experienced engineers and experts like Manuel. When you work with ARANER, you will find a world-class team that are delighted to answer every question and find the best solution for your plant or project.

To get in contact with Manuel, send him an email. To learn more about ARANER’s other refrigeration, heating and cooling solutions, we have dedicated experts for each technology. Meet the rest of our team!

hbspt.forms.create({ css: '', portalId: '1802697', formId: '80e062cb-f477-48bd-92b7-5e7414efa9f3' });

  La entrada Meet the Expert: ARANER TIAC Specialist, Manuel Guerrero aparece primero en Araner.

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[siva3155]

300+ TOP Ext JS Interview Questions and Answers

Ext JS Interview Questions for freshers experienced :-

1. What is Ext Js? Ext JS stands for extended JavaScript. It is a JavaScript framework to develop rich UI web based desktop applications. 2. Why did you choose Ext JS? The overall design of extjs is exemplary.One can learn a lot from it’s unified architecture – no matter which language one is programming in. Extjs requires you to start with one of their base classes – ensuring a consitent model. Consistency is extremely important for the library to be reusable. Extjs documentation seems to be very comprehensive and well maintained. key aspect of the EXTJS Library is the cross-browser support. Build rich Internet applications with Ext JS Ext JS framework is the multitude of rich UI elements provided. These elements include forms, dialog boxes, tabs, trees, and grids. The Ext JS framework includes support for Ajax implementations. Ext JS integration with other Web server frameworks. Ext JS framework development into several popular integrated development environments (IDEs), including Eclipse, Aptana, and Komodo. Ext JS provides excellent performance.The framework is fully object oriented and extensible. Because it’s written in the JavaScript language 3. What are major Web browsers supported by Ext JS framework? Windows® Internet Explorer® version 6 and later. Mozilla Firefox version 1.5 and later (PC and Macintosh). Apple Safari version 2 and later. Opera version 9 and later (PC and Mac). 4. Integration of Web development server-side frameworks with Ext JS? You can use Ext JS with other common Web development server-side frameworks, including PHP, the Java™ language, Microsoft® .NET, Ruby on Rails, and ColdFusion. 5. Where Extjs extended from ? Ext JS as a project to extend the functionality that the YUI Library.A key aspect of the YUI Library is the cross-browser support.The Extjs framework is fully object oriented and extensible. Because it’s written in the JavaScript language. 6. Extjs Ajax implementation? A typical Ext JS Ajax implementation: an HTML text field and button element that posts data in the text field to a Web server when the button is clicked. 7.Do you have any advice for developers using Ext for the first time? Ext can be used by Web Application developers who are familiar with HTML but may have little or no experience with JavaScript application development. If you are starting to build a new web application, or you are revamping an existing application, then take your time to understand the basics of the library including. 8. How to access Dom element using EXTJS? The Element API is fundamental to the entire Ext library. Using traditional Javascript, selecting a DOM node by ID is done like this: var myDiv = document.getElementById(‘myDiv’); Using Extjs: Ext.onReady(function() { var myDiv = Ext.get(‘myDiv’); }); 9. what is the purpose of Element Object in Extjs? Element wraps most of the DOM methods and properties that you’ll need, providing a convenient, unified, cross-browser DOM interface (and you can still get direct access to the underlying DOM node when you need it via Element.dom) The Element.get() method provides internal caching, so multiple calls to retrieve the same object are incredibly fast The most common actions performed on DOM nodes are built into direct, cross-browser Element methods (add/remove CSS classes, add/remove event handlers, positioning, sizing, animation, drag/drop, etc.) 10. what is syntax for Ext js Button click event? Ext.onReady(function() { Ext.get(‘myButton’).on(‘click’, function(){ alert(“You clicked the button”); }); }); ulating it. 11. what is use of Ext.onReady() function ? Ext.onReady is probably the first method that you’ll use on every page. This method is automatically called once the DOM is fully loaded, guaranteeing that any page elements that you may want to reference will be available when the script runs syntax: Ext.onReady(function() { alert(“Congratulations! You have Ext configured correctly!”); }); 12. For example, to show our message when any paragraph in our test page is clicked, what is the extjs code on paragraph click? Ext.onReady(function() { Ext.select(‘p’).on(‘click’, function() { alert(“You clicked a paragraph”); }); }); or Ext.onReady(function() { var paragraphClicked = function() { alert(“You clicked a paragraph”); } Ext.select(‘p’).on(‘click’, paragraphClicked); }); 13. List out the extjs library files to include in JSP page? ext-base.js ext-all-debug.js or ext-all.js ext-all.css base.css or examples.css 14. List out the css file required to apply Extjs Theme property? xtheme-gray.css ext-all.css 15. what is purpose of MessageBox? MessageBox is asynchronous. MessageBox call, which demonstrates the readable message to user. MessageBox used for multiple purpose like Ext.Msg.alert() Ext.Msg.prompt() Ext.Msg.show({}); Ext.Msg.wait(); 16. write syntax for MessageBox show() method? Ext.MessageBox.show({ title: ‘Paragraph Clicked’, msg: ‘User clicked on Paragraph’, width:400, buttons: Ext.MessageBox.OK, animEl: paragraph }); 17. what is method to Update the message box body text for MessageBox? updateText( ) : Ext.MessageBox 18. what is a widget? A widget is a tiny piece or component of functionality. 19.what is parent class for all stores in extjs? how many stores exists? Ext.data.Store is parent class for all stores. A Store object uses its configured implementation of DataProxy to access a data object unless you call loadData directly and pass in your data. subclasses for Store: GroupingStore, JsonStore, SimpleStore 20. How to handle event for a extjs component? using listeners config object. For ex for grid events : listeners: {rowclick: gridRowClickHandler,rowdblclick: gridRowDoubleClickHandler} using addListener( String eventName, Function handler, , ) : void Appends an event handler to this component using on( String eventName, Function handler, , ) : void Appends an event handler to this element (shorthand for addListener) For ex: store.on( “datachanged”, function( store ){ ….. }); 21. How to find no of records in a store? using store.getCount() : Gets the number of cached records. store.getTotalCount() : Gets the total number of records in the dataset as returned by the server. 22. How to handle exception while loading datastore? using loadexception event. syntax: store.loadexception() : Fires if an exception occurs in the Proxy during loading. use beforeload : ( Store this, Object options ) : Fires before a request is made for a new data object. If the beforeload handler returns false the load action will be canceled. syntax: store.on(‘loadexception’, function(event, options, response, error) { alert(“Handling the error”); event.stopEvent(); }); 23. how to handle updates for store changes? use store.commitChanges() 24. what is the purpose of each() in store? Calls the specified function for each of the Records in the cache each( Function fn, ) 25. how to get modified records using store object? store.getModifiedRecords() : Gets all records modified since the last commit. 26. how to get record using index? store.getAt( Number index ) : Get the Record at the specified index. 27. how to get record using id? store.getById( String id ) : Get the Record with the specified id. 28. what is the purpose of load() in store? store.load() : returns boolean Loads the Record cache from the configured Proxy using the configured Reader. For remote data sources, loading is asynchronous, and this call will return before the new data has been loaded. store.load({callback: fnCheckData, scope: this}); 29. what is purpose of loadData() in store? store.loadData( Object data, ) : void Loads data from a passed data block and fires the load event. loadData(storeData,false); False to replace the existing records cache. loadData(storeData,true) : True to append the new Records rather than replace the existing cache. 30. How many types of layout managers exist in extjs?what are they? Layouts fall under this package Ext.layout.* Types of layouts: Absolute Layout: This is a simple layout style that allows you to position items within a container using CSS-style absolute positioning via XY coordinates. Accordion Layout: Displays one panel at a time in a stacked layout. No special config properties are required other than the layout. All panels added to the container will be converted to accordion panels. AnchorLayout: This type of layout is most commonly seen within FormPanels (or any container with a FormLayout) where fields are sized relative to the container without hard-coding their dimensions. BorderLayout: Border layouts can be nested with just about any level of complexity that you might need. Every border layout must at least have a center region. All other regions are optional. CardLayout (TabPanel): The TabPanel component is an excellent example of a sophisticated card layout. Each tab is just a panel managed by the card layout such that only one is visible at a time CardLayout (Wizard): You can use a CardLayout to create your own custom wizard-style screen. FitLayout: A very simple layout that simply fills the container with a single panel. FormLayout: FormLayout has specific logic to deal with form fields, labels, etc.FormLayout in a standard panel, ColumnLayout: This is a useful layout style when you need multiple columns that can have varying content height.Any fixed-width column widths are calculated first, then any percentage-width columns specified using the columnWidth config TableLayout: Outputs a standard HTML table as the layout container.you want to allow the contents to flow naturally based on standard browser table layout rules. data, plus manip 31. How we can apply pagination in grid panel ? using Ext.PagingToolbar plugin, we can implement pagination to a grid panel syntax: new Ext.PagingToolbar({ pageSize: 25, store: store, displayInfo: true, displayMsg: ‘Displaying topics {0} – {1} of {2}’, emptyMsg: “No topics to display”, }) // trigger the data store load store.load({params:{start:0, limit:25}}); 32. what is xtype? The xtype will be looked up at render time up to determine what type of child Component like TextField, NumberField etc to create. i,e xtype = Class ———————- button = Ext.Button textfield = Ext.form.TextField radio – Ext.form.Radio grid = Ext.grid.GridPanel combo = Ext.form.Combobox toolbar = Ext.Toolbar 33. what is vtype? The validations provided are basic and intended to be easily customizable and extended. Few vtypes provided by extjs are as below: emailText : String, The error text to display when the email validation function returns false alphanumText : String, The error text to display when the alphanumeric validation function returns false urlText : String, The error text to display when the url validation function returns false 34.Why we need javascript Library? Javascript is an awesome language. It’s super flexible.Browsers are the modern UI paradigm. The javascript Libraries now must provide a rich set of UI Widgets. javascript libraries: JQuery Qooxdoo Dojo Prototype.js mootools extjs 35.how to get record object from store: var record = grid.getStore().getAt(rowIndex); 36. purpose of Load mask? To apply mask to page level / component level. restrict user not to access any components in page var pageProcessBox = new Ext.LoadMask( Ext.getBody(), { msg: ‘Loading Employee details.’ } ); pageProcessBox.show(); 37. purpose of renderer in grid panel? using config option, renderer: fnCellColor where fnCellColor is method to apply color to a cell. 38. how to get selection model used in a grid panel? using grid.getSelectionModel(); method 39. how to stop editing a record? newRecord.endEdit(); 40. how to start editing a record? newRecord.beginEdit(); 41. how to commit a record modification? newRecord.commit(); 42. what is use of combo select event function? To get the selected value from a combo.using getvalue(); var selectedComboValue = mycombo1.getValue(); 43. how to get a value of textfield or combo box? using getvalue(); var selectedValue = mytextfield.getValue(); 44. how to apply css on select of combo box? using config option as emptyClass : ’emptycss’, where emptycss is a css classname 45. what are components required for grid panel? store, columnmodel, id, width,height 46. how to disable menu option for header in columnModel? using menuDisabled: true 47. how to hide the column in grid panel? using hidden : true 48. How to register callbacks to the load and exception events of the JsonStore? var grid = new Ext.grid.GridPanel({ store: new Ext.data.JsonStore({ listeners: { load: this.onLoadSuccess.crateDelegate(this), exception: this.onLoadException.createDelegate(this) } }), onLoadSuccess: function () { // success }, onLoadException: function () { // error }, } 49. extjs decode() ? var json = Ext.decode(response.responseText); Ext.Msg.alert(‘Error’, json.error); 50. Extjs Vs jQuery: ExtJs and JQuery are kind of apples and oranges. You can compare Ext Core to JQuery, and ExtJs to JQuery UI. Ext JS is a full-fledged widget library while jQuery (not jQuery UI) and Mootools are JavaScript frameworks that help with DOM manipulation etc. Whilst jQuery and Mootools help with the general workings of a site. jQuery UI is a much less rich set of components. Ext JS seems to be focussed on tables and storing Ext JS Questions and Answers pdf Download Read the full article