#achsah

[sergeantsporks]

I love how Achsah's plan to send her parents a message from her through the ages revolved around multiple factors.

1.) She remembering the layout of her parents house and the surrounding area correctly. (It's not much the layout that's the potential problem as locating the correct place must've been. 350+ years is a long time! Surely the geography and plant community changed quite a bit in the intervening centuries.)

2.) Caleb deciding to dig a root cellar like he always talking about doing. (Didn't happen, but luckily Ghost decided to dig in the exact same spot where she buried the puzzle box anyway.)

3.) Burying the message deep enough for it to not be found right away, but not so deeply that it's unlikely to never be found. (Image Caleb and Evelyn coming across the message... while building the house! They'd never let Achsah out of their sight!)

Oh, yeah, it was a shot in the dark, for sure. She buried that thing with NO idea if it would actually reach them.

In terms of part one, the house IS close enough to an unchanging landmark (the third rib) that she could probably get pretty close. We'll say she used oracle magic to predict the changing landscape, or she had a photograph of her house that she took from the third rib to guide her, or even that there's actually a couple dozen boxes buried in the surrounding area with a copy of the letter and a bracelet, lol. They can go find the rest of the boxes and EVERYONE can get an Achsah bracelet.

They got really lucky with Ghost finding the box, for sure, but in terms of how deep she needed to bury it, root cellars have to be a certain depth to really work properly, so if she buried it with the thought that Caleb would find it when he dug a root cellar, she could just bury it at that depth, and she'd be set!

But overall? Yeah. It was a desperate last attempt. It's a little sad to think about her writing a letter that might never reach its recipient, with no way of finding out if it got that far, and just hoping that fate would be kind, and her parents would find it. But, hey, it worked!

[promptuarium]

ACHSAH was the daughter of Caleb and the wife of Othniel. She was advised by her husband to ask her father for a field, and she received it. Judges ch. 1.

[parackalism]

[mybeautifulchristianjourney]

The Sons of Israel and the Descendants of Judah

25 The sons of Jerahmeel the firstborn of Hezron were Ram the firstborn, and Bunah, and Oren, and Ozem, and Ahijah. 26 Jerahmeel had another wife, whose name was Atarah; she was the mother of Onam. 27 The sons of Ram the firstborn of Jerahmeel were Maaz, and Jamin, and Eker. 28 The sons of Onam were Shammai, and Jada. The sons of Shammai: Nadab, and Abishur. 29 The name of the wife of Abishur was Abihail; and she bore him Ahban, and Molid. 30 The sons of Nadab: Seled, and Appaim; but Seled died without children. 31 The sons of Appaim: Ishi. The sons of Ishi: Sheshan. The sons of Sheshan: Ahlai. 32 The sons of Jada the brother of Shammai: Jether, and Jonathan; and Jether died without children. 33 The sons of Jonathan: Peleth, and Zaza. These were the sons of Jerahmeel. 34 Now Sheshan had no sons, but daughters. Sheshan had a servant, an Egyptian, whose name was Jarha. 35 Sheshan gave his daughter to Jarha his servant as wife; and she bore him Attai. 36 Attai became the father of Nathan, and Nathan became the father of Zabad, 37 and Zabad became the father of Ephlal, and Ephlal became the father of Obed, 38 and Obed became the father of Jehu, and Jehu became the father of Azariah, 39 and Azariah became the father of Helez, and Helez became the father of Eleasah, 40 and Eleasah became the father of Sismai, and Sismai became the father of Shallum, 41 and Shallum became the father of Jekamiah, and Jekamiah became the father of Elishama.

42 The sons of Caleb the brother of Jerahmeel: Mesha his firstborn, who was the father of Ziph; and the sons of Mareshah, the father of Hebron. 43 The sons of Hebron: Korah, and Tappuah, and Rekem, and Shema. 44 Shema became the father of Raham, the father of Jorkeam; and Rekem became the father of Shammai. 45 The son of Shammai was Maon; and Maon was the father of Beth Zur. 46 Ephah, Caleb's secondary wife, bore Haran, and Moza, and Gazez; and Haran became the father of Gazez. 47 The sons of Jahdai: Regem, and Jotham, and Geshan, and Pelet, and Ephah, and Shaaph. 48 Maacah, Caleb's secondary wife, bore Sheber and Tirhanah. 49 She bore also Shaaph the father of Madmannah, Sheva the father of Machbena, and the father of Gibea; and the daughter of Caleb was Achsah. 50 These were the sons of Caleb, the son of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah: Shobal the father of Kiriath Jearim, 51 Salma the father of Bethlehem, Hareph the father of Beth Gader. 52 Shobal the father of Kiriath Jearim had sons: Reaiah, half of the Manahathites. 53 The families of Kiriath Jearim: The Ithrites, and the Puthites, and the Shumathites, and the Mishraites; of them came the Zorathites and the Eshtaolites. 54 The sons of Salma: Bethlehem, and the Netophathites, Atroth Beth Joab, and half of the Manahathites, the Zorites. 55 The families of scribes who lived at Jabez: the Tirathites, the Shimeathites, the Sucathites. These are the Kenites who came from Hammath, the father of the house of Rechab. — 1 Chronicles 2:25-55 | New Heart English Bible (NHEB) The New Heart English Bible is in the public domain. Cross References: Genesis 22:24; Joshua 9:17; Joshua 15:16; Joshua 15:58; Ruth 4:11; 1 Samuel 27:10; 2 Kings 10:15; 1 Chronicles 3:1; 1 Chronicles 4:20; Jeremiah 29:3; Jeremiah 35:2; Jeremiah 35:6; Jeremiah 35:19

[inspiredchampion]

My Woman is sooo hilarious. Absolutely love her infectious laugh and beautiful character. So Glad I met my Achsah

[izatrini]

Carnival Queen Achsah Basha ... sharing essential tips for revellers - Trinidad Guardian

Carnival Queen Achsah Basha ... sharing essential tips for revellers  Trinidad Guardian http://dlvr.it/TBrhv9

[numbersbythebook]

Euphrates, Othniel, Babylon

written by Will Schumacher

I posted on the number 4 a few years back. It is consistently associated with dividing one thing from another. The 4th Hebrew letter is dalet and its pictograph is a door. A door separates what is inside from outside. The physical created world is also depicted by the number 4.

In the Bible the number 4 seems to represent the separation of the physical world.

The first “4” in the Bible is in Genesis 2:

Genesis 2:10 And a river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from thence it was parted, and became into four heads.

The 4th river is the Euphrates.

Genesis 2:14 And the name of the third river is Hiddekel: that is it which goeth toward the east of Assyria. And the fourth river is Euphrates.

God later tells Abraham the Euphrates is the edge of the Promised Land.

Genesis 15:18 In the same day the Lord made a covenant with Abram, saying, Unto thy seed have I given this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates:

So, the number 4 is about dividing the physical, and the 4th river, the Euphrates is the physical dividing line on the east of the covenant Promised Land. What is further interesting about the Euphrates is that it went through ancient Babylon. Its like God is painting a picture of His people on one side of the Euphrates and on the other is Babylon/not His people.

The New Testament mentions the Euphrates twice and only in the book of Revelation. The second time it is mentioned is a reference to how Cyrus conquered Babylon. His army dug channels to divert the Euphrates and they entered through the dried up river bed. Cyrus is a type of Christ.

Revelation 16:12 And the sixth angel poured out his vial upon the great river Euphrates; and the water thereof was dried up, that the way of the kings of the east might be prepared.

Strong’s G2166=Euphrates. Strong’s H3566=Cyrus. The following verse is interesting because it is verse 2166 with a gematria of 3566. Many see “him” as Christ.

Exodus 23:21 Beware of him, and obey his voice, provoke him not; for he will not pardon your transgressions: for my name is in him.

Strong’s H6578=Euphrates. Verse 6578 is about Othniel:

Judges 3:9 And when the children of Israel cried unto the Lord, the Lord raised up a deliverer to the children of Israel, who delivered them, even Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb's younger brother.

Othniel is also a type of Christ. He defeats a king of Mesopotamia. Babylon was located in Mesopotamia.

Judges 3:10 And the Spirit of the Lord came upon him, and he judged Israel, and went out to war: and the Lord delivered Chushanrishathaim king of Mesopotamia into his hand; and his hand prevailed against Chushanrishathaim.

I posted on Othniel awhile back.

Joshua 15:15-17 And he went up thence to the inhabitants of Debir: and the name of Debir before was Kirjathsepher. 16 And Caleb said, He that smiteth Kirjathsepher, and taketh it, to him will I give Achsah my daughter to wife. 17 And Othniel the son of Kenaz, the brother of Caleb, took it: and he gave him Achsah his daughter to wife.

Kirjathsepher means “the city of books”. Othniel means ”the lion of God”. He is from the tribe of Judah. Achsah means “anklets” or “fetters”. She is in bondage.

So we have the Lion of God from the tribe of Judah taking a city of books and marrying someone who was in bondage. We have the New Testament picture of this in the book of Revelation. This is the only time Jesus is called a lion in the Bible. The book is the book of life:

Revelation 5:1-5 And I saw in the right hand of him that sat on the throne a book written within and on the backside, sealed with seven seals. 2 And I saw a strong angel proclaiming with a loud voice, Who is worthy to open the book, and to loose the seals thereof? 3 And no man in heaven, nor in earth, neither under the earth, was able to open the book, neither to look thereon. 4 And I wept much, because no man was found worthy to open and to read the book, neither to look thereon. 5 And one of the elders saith unto me, Weep not: behold, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the Root of David, hath prevailed to open the book, and to loose the seven seals thereof.

This story of Othniel is a picture of the completed redemption work of Jesus and thus as king sitting down at the right hand of the Father as the owner of the Church/book of life. Jesus as the lion refers to His Kingship. The lion is called the king of the jungle/beasts.

Othniel is Strong’s H6274.

Verse 6274 from the end of the Bible. Perfect match.

Mark 15:2 And Pilate asked him, Art thou the King of the Jews? And he answering said unto them, Thou sayest it.

Jesus defeated “Babylon” on the cross and will again permanently defeat Babylon at His coming.

Babylon is described in Revelation 18 as being full of the “unclean”. Strong’s G169 is used twice in this verse, once as ”unclean” and once as “foul”:

Revelation 18:2 And he cried mightily with a strong voice, saying, Babylon the great is fallen, is fallen, and is become the habitation of devils, and the hold of every foul spirit, and a cage of every unclean and hateful bird.

The first verse in the bible with a gematria of 2166 matching the Strong’s number for the Euphrates is about the clean vs unclean:

Leviticus 11:47 To make a difference between the unclean and the clean, and between the beast that may be eaten and the beast that may not be eaten.

Jesus uses “eating” as a metaphor for doing God’s will.

John 4:32-34 But he said unto them, I have meat to eat that ye know not of. 33 Therefore said the disciples one to another, Hath any man brought him ought to eat? 34 Jesus saith unto them, My meat is to do the will of him that sent me, and to finish his work.

Leviticus 11:47 is verse 3045. Strong’s H3045=”know” as used in the tempting of Adam and Eve. They also “ate” and believed the lie that they could know good from evil:

Genesis 3:5 For God doth know that in the day ye eat thereof, then your eyes shall be opened, and ye shall be as gods, knowing good and evil.

Strong’s G3045=”dainty” is used in Revelation referring back to the story of Adam and Eve and man not being able to discern good from evil apart from God.

Revelation 18:14 And the fruits that thy soul lusted after are departed from thee, and all things which were dainty and goodly are departed from thee, and thou shalt find them no more at all.

As I said earlier Othniel is a type of Christ being the lion of the tribe of Judah defeating a king of Mesopotamia/Babylon. His Strong’s number is H6274. There is only 1 verse with a gematria of 6274 in the Old Testament and it is again about the clean vs unclean:

Deuteronomy 14:7 Nevertheless these ye shall not eat of them that chew the cud, or of them that divide the cloven hoof; as the camel, and the hare, and the coney: for they chew the cud, but divide not the hoof; therefore they are unclean unto you.

It would seem that obedience to the law of eating clean vs unclean is akin to relying on God to define that which is good and that which is evil. The children of God are wise in that they rely on God to define good vs evil and Babylon is full of the unclean because they have decided for themselves what is good vs evil in their own eyes

[wolint]

SPIRITUAL AMBITION!

SPIRITUAL AMBITION

Joshua 15:13-19

 

Ambition, in its essence, is the drive and determination to earnestly pursue a goal or desire. It’s the proactive effort to seek an office, position, or any object of desire. The teachings of the Bible encourage us to align our ambitions with the will of God, emphasizing service to others and glorification of God over personal glory or power.

Jeremiah 29:13 teaches us that our highest spiritual ambition should be to seek the Lord. Any ambitions we may have can only be realized through the authority of Jesus, as stated in John 14:13.

Everyone has some level of ambition. Some people strive for wealth, fame, career advancement, or family. However, it’s unfortunate that many Christians lack spiritual ambition. They are content to live their lives barely scratching the surface of their faith, missing out on the wealth of knowledge and promises offered in the scriptures that are only available to those ambitious enough to delve deep, discover, and apply them to their lives.

Genesis 11 shows us the high ambition of people wanting to reach heaven through their works. Yet, Christ teaches in Matthew 20:25-26 that true spiritual ambition is about being a servant, not a master.

In Numbers 16:3, we see the negative side of spiritual ambition in Kora, who incited the assembly of Israel against Moses and Aaron over the role of God’s chosen leader.

How spiritually ambitious are you? Are you like Caleb, who patiently waited and received his portion of the promised land, or his daughter Achsah, whose spiritual ambition earned her land in the South, springs of water, and a husband?

After Joshua’s great victory over the southern cities and the capture of Hebron in Joshua 10:36, Israel did not capitalize on that victory. They returned to settle in Gilgal. Similarly, today, we often fail to claim the spoils of Christ’s victory on the cross due to a lack of spiritual ambition.

Caleb, after 45 years, exercised his spiritual ambition to claim the hill country he was promised, and he received it! Hebron became Caleb’s.

Remember Salome’s spiritual ambition in Matthew 20:21, where she boldly lobbied the master for posts and positions for her sons. How bold are we in approaching the father for things already given to us? Are we spiritually ambitious enough to actively pursue God’s will as instructed in Matthew 7:7?

Ephesians 3:20 assures us that nothing is too big or impossible to ask of the Lord. The question is, are we spiritually ambitious enough to ask? As John 14:13 instructs, we must ask for what we need, so that our joy may be full declares John 16:24.

However, we must be careful not to become over-ambitious and put our plans ahead of God’s. Abimelech, in his selfish ambition, sought to usurp the position reserved for God alone, leading to ruthless actions. We must examine our ambitions to ensure they are God-cantered, not self-centred, and seek to fulfil our desires in a way that God would approve.

Spiritual ambition, fuelled by the word of God and manifested by the Holy Spirit, assures us that we’ll find the Lord when we seek Him with all our hearts.

Be ambitious! The Lord can surpass your ambition says 3 John 1:2.

PRAYER: Oh Lord, may I consistently align my ambitions with yours and correct my course when I stray, in Jesus’ name. Amen.

Shalom

WOMEN OF LIGHT INT PRAYER MIN.

[craftylovegentlemen]

Judges

Chapter 1

1 Now after the death of Joshua it came to pass, that the children of Israel asked the LORD, saying, Who shall go up for us against the Canaanites first, to fight against them? 2 And the LORD said, Judah shall go up: behold, I have delivered the land into his hand. 3 And Judah said unto Simeon his brother, Come up with me into my lot, that we may fight against the Canaanites; and I likewise will go with thee into thy lot. So Simeon went with him. 4 And Judah went up; and the LORD delivered the Canaanites and the Perizzites into their hand: and they slew of them in Bezek ten thousand men. 5 And they found Adonibezek in Bezek: and they fought against him, and they slew the Canaanites and the Perizzites. 6 But Adonibezek fled; and they pursued after him, and caught him, and cut off his thumbs and his great toes. 7 And Adonibezek said, Threescore and ten kings, having their thumbs and their great toes cut off, gathered their meat under my table: as I have done, so God hath requited me. And they brought him to Jerusalem, and there he died. 8 Now the children of Judah had fought against Jerusalem, and had taken it, and smitten it with the edge of the sword, and set the city on fire. 9 And afterward the children of Judah went down to fight against the Canaanites, that dwelt in the mountain, and in the south, and in the valley. 10 And Judah went against the Canaanites that dwelt in Hebron: (now the name of Hebron before was Kirjatharba:) and they slew Sheshai, and Ahiman, and Talmai.

11 And from thence he went against the inhabitants of Debir: and the name of Debir before was Kirjathsepher: 12 And Caleb said, He that smiteth Kirjathsepher, and taketh it, to him will I give Achsah my daughter to wife. 13 And Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb's younger brother, took it: and he gave him Achsah his daughter to wife. 14 And it came to pass, when she came to him, that she moved him to ask of her father a field: and she lighted from off her ass; and Caleb said unto her, What wilt thou? 15 And she said unto him, Give me a blessing: for thou hast given me a south land; give me also springs of water. And Caleb gave her the upper springs and the nether springs. 16 And the children of the Kenite, Moses' father in law, went up out of the city of palm trees with the children of Judah into the wilderness of Judah, which lieth in the south of Arad; and they went and dwelt among the people. 17 And Judah went with Simeon his brother, and they slew the Canaanites that inhabited Zephath, and utterly destroyed it. And the name of the city was called Hormah. 18 Also Judah took Gaza with the coast thereof, and Askelon with the coast thereof, and Ekron with the coast thereof. 19 And the LORD was with Judah; and he drave out the inhabitants of the mountain; but could not drive out the inhabitants of the valley, because they had chariots of iron. 20 And they gave Hebron unto Caleb, as Moses said: and he expelled thence the three sons of Anak.

21 And the children of Benjamin did not drive out the Jebusites that inhabited Jerusalem; but the Jebusites dwell with the children of Benjamin in Jerusalem unto this day. 22 And the house of Joseph, they also went up against Bethel: and the LORD was with them. 23 And the house of Joseph sent to descry Bethel. (Now the name of the city before was Luz.) 24 And the spies saw a man come forth out of the city, and they said unto him, Shew us, we pray thee, the entrance into the city, and we will shew thee mercy. 25 And when he shewed them the entrance into the city, they smote the city with the edge of the sword; but they let go the man and all his family. 26 And the man went into the land of the Hittites, and built a city, and called the name thereof Luz: which is the name thereof unto this day. 27 Neither did Manasseh drive out the inhabitants of Bethshean and her towns, nor Taanach and her towns, nor the inhabitants of Dor and her towns, nor the inhabitants of Ibleam and her towns, nor the inhabitants of Megiddo and her towns: but the Canaanites would dwell in that land. 28 And it came to pass, when Israel was strong, that they put the Canaanites to tribute, and did not utterly drive them out. 29 Neither did Ephraim drive out the Canaanites that dwelt in Gezer; but the Canaanites dwelt in Gezer among them. 30 Neither did Zebulun drive out the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the inhabitants of Nahalol; but the Canaanites dwelt among them, and became tributaries.

31 Neither did Asher drive out the inhabitants of Accho, nor the inhabitants of Zidon, nor of Ahlab, nor of Achzib, nor of Helbah, nor of Aphik, nor of Rehob: 32 But the Asherites dwelt among the Canaanites, the inhabitants of the land: for they did not drive them out. 33 Neither did Naphtali drive out the inhabitants of Bethshemesh, nor the inhabitants of Bethanath; but he dwelt among the Canaanites, the inhabitants of the land: nevertheless the inhabitants of Bethshemesh and of Bethanath became tributaries unto them. 34 And the Amorites forced the children of Dan into the mountain: for they would not suffer them to come down to the valley: 35 But the Amorites would dwell in mount Heres in Aijalon, and in Shaalbim: yet the hand of the house of Joseph prevailed, so that they became tributaries. 36 And the coast of the Amorites was from the going up to Akrabbim, from the rock, and upward.

Judges 1

Diane Beauford

[tdowning79]

Day 1: Lessons from Achsah The inspiration for this lesson is brought forth by Achsah’s mini insert in the Bible. Achsah was Caleb’s only daughter whom Caleb gave in marriage to Othniel after he captured Kiriath Sepher, a land which was assigned to Caleb by God. Caleb did this to fulfil a promise he made that whoever captures Kiriath Sepher would have Achsah’s hand in marriage. On their wedding day, Caleb gifted them a sizeable desert land, but Achsah went to present an additional request. Some may say that Achsah wasn’t being grateful when she went to her father to ask for something more. I mean, she and her husband had just been given land in the south. However, Achsah put in an additional request because she knew what she needed to fortify what she was given. Achsah was strategic in her request: starting off by stating what she needed and why she needed it. She did not beat around the bush but went straight for it. When making your requests, asking for more in addition to what you have already been given. Your intentions must be clear, lest your requests be confused for ungratefulness. We learn from Achsah’s demeanour that being bold about our requests can yield positive results. We also also learn from Achsah that boldness in our requests means we are confident in who we are, what we are about, and what we deserve. So, don’t hold back. Remember, when you hold back, you hold yourself back. And ultimately, you hold back the manifestation of God’s blessings upon your life. If you are not explicit with what you need, nobody will know what you need. The end result: they can’t help or provide for your needs. Show up for yourself as whole so the world and everyone in it can experience a whole you, enabling them to respond to a whole you. No half measures or in-betweens, but a whole you! Summary of lessons from Achsah: Don’t be shy to make your requests known. Know your place and bargain or negotiate if need be. Whatever you do, be bold, audacious, and specific in your requests to God, your employer, your husband, partner, or anyone. #morningdevotional #youversion https://www.instagram.com/p/CokqsgFuomT/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[sergeantsporks]

Achsah should haunt the narrative more

[foggynightdonut]

Joshua 15 : Israelites settlement

Beersheba was part of the Israelite settlement while Gerar was not. (Josh 15:28) There are two Beersheba with two different locations.

15 This then was the lot of the tribe of the children of Judah by their families; even to the border of Edom the wilderness of Zin southward was the uttermost part of the south coast.

2 And their south border was from the shore of the salt sea, from the bay that looketh southward:

3 And it went out to the south side to Maalehacrabbim, and passed along to Zin, and ascended up on the south side unto Kadeshbarnea, and passed along to Hezron, and went up to Adar, and fetched a compass to Karkaa:

4 From thence it passed toward Azmon, and went out unto the river of Egypt; and the goings out of that coast were at the sea: this shall be your south coast.

5 And the east border was the salt sea, even unto the end of Jordan. And their border in the north quarter was from the bay of the sea at the uttermost part of Jordan:

6 And the border went up to Bethhogla, and passed along by the north of Betharabah; and the border went up to the stone of Bohan the son of Reuben:

7 And the border went up toward Debir from the valley of Achor, and so northward, looking toward Gilgal, that is before the going up to Adummim, which is on the south side of the river: and the border passed toward the waters of Enshemesh, and the goings out thereof were at Enrogel:

8 And the border went up by the valley of the son of Hinnom unto the south side of the Jebusite; the same is Jerusalem: and the border went up to the top of the mountain that lieth before the valley of Hinnom westward, which is at the end of the valley of the giants northward:

9 And the border was drawn from the top of the hill unto the fountain of the water of Nephtoah, and went out to the cities of mount Ephron; and the border was drawn to Baalah, which is Kirjathjearim:

10 And the border compassed from Baalah westward unto mount Seir, and passed along unto the side of mount Jearim, which is Chesalon, on the north side, and went down to Bethshemesh, and passed on to Timnah:

11 And the border went out unto the side of Ekron northward: and the border was drawn to Shicron, and passed along to mount Baalah, and went out unto Jabneel; and the goings out of the border were at the sea.

12 And the west border was to the great sea, and the coast thereof. This is the coast of the children of Judah round about according to their families.

13 And unto Caleb the son of Jephunneh he gave a part among the children of Judah, according to the commandment of the Lord to Joshua, even the city of Arba the father of Anak, which city is Hebron.

14 And Caleb drove thence the three sons of Anak, Sheshai, and Ahiman, and Talmai, the children of Anak.

15 And he went up thence to the inhabitants of Debir: and the name of Debir before was Kirjathsepher.

16 And Caleb said, He that smiteth Kirjathsepher, and taketh it, to him will I give Achsah my daughter to wife.

17 And Othniel the son of Kenaz, the brother of Caleb, took it: and he gave him Achsah his daughter to wife.

18 And it came to pass, as she came unto him, that she moved him to ask of her father a field: and she lighted off her ass; and Caleb said unto her, What wouldest thou?

19 Who answered, Give me a blessing; for thou hast given me a south land; give me also springs of water. And he gave her the upper springs, and the nether springs.

20 This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Judah according to their families.

21 And the uttermost cities of the tribe of the children of Judah toward the coast of Edom southward were Kabzeel, and Eder, and Jagur,

22 And Kinah, and Dimonah, and Adadah,

23 And Kedesh, and Hazor, and Ithnan,

24 Ziph, and Telem, and Bealoth,

25 And Hazor, Hadattah, and Kerioth, and Hezron, which is Hazor,

26 Amam, and Shema, and Moladah,

27 And Hazargaddah, and Heshmon, and Bethpalet,

28 And Hazarshual, and Beersheba, and Bizjothjah,

29 Baalah, and Iim, and Azem,

30 And Eltolad, and Chesil, and Hormah,

31 And Ziklag, and Madmannah, and Sansannah,

32 And Lebaoth, and Shilhim, and Ain, and Rimmon: all the cities are twenty and nine, with their villages:

33 And in the valley, Eshtaol, and Zoreah, and Ashnah,

34 And Zanoah, and Engannim, Tappuah, and Enam,

35 Jarmuth, and Adullam, Socoh, and Azekah,

36 And Sharaim, and Adithaim, and Gederah, and Gederothaim; fourteen cities with their villages:

37 Zenan, and Hadashah, and Migdalgad,

38 And Dilean, and Mizpeh, and Joktheel,

39 Lachish, and Bozkath, and Eglon,

40 And Cabbon, and Lahmam, and Kithlish,

41 And Gederoth, Bethdagon, and Naamah, and Makkedah; sixteen cities with their villages:

42 Libnah, and Ether, and Ashan,

43 And Jiphtah, and Ashnah, and Nezib,

44 And Keilah, and Achzib, and Mareshah; nine cities with their villages:

45 Ekron, with her towns and her villages:

46 From Ekron even unto the sea, all that lay near Ashdod, with their villages:

47 Ashdod with her towns and her villages, Gaza with her towns and her villages, unto the river of Egypt, and the great sea, and the border thereof:

48 And in the mountains, Shamir, and Jattir, and Socoh,

49 And Dannah, and Kirjathsannah, which is Debir,

50 And Anab, and Eshtemoh, and Anim,

51 And Goshen, and Holon, and Giloh; eleven cities with their villages:

52 Arab, and Dumah, and Eshean,

53 And Janum, and Bethtappuah, and Aphekah,

54 And Humtah, and Kirjatharba, which is Hebron, and Zior; nine cities with their villages:

55 Maon, Carmel, and Ziph, and Juttah,

56 And Jezreel, and Jokdeam, and Zanoah,

57 Cain, Gibeah, and Timnah; ten cities with their villages:

58 Halhul, Bethzur, and Gedor,

59 And Maarath, and Bethanoth, and Eltekon; six cities with their villages:

60 Kirjathbaal, which is Kirjathjearim, and Rabbah; two cities with their villages:

61 In the wilderness, Betharabah, Middin, and Secacah,

62 And Nibshan, and the city of Salt, and Engedi; six cities with their villages.

63 As for the Jebusites the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the children of Judah could not drive them out; but the Jebusites dwell with the children of Judah at Jerusalem unto this day.

[packedwithpackards]

Chapter IX: Barnabas, Mary, and Plainfield

This is the 11th in a series of articles which serializes my family history, which I wrote in November 2017, titled "From Samuel to Cyrus: A fresh look at the History of the Packard Family." Below is the 9th chapter of that history:

With the death of Barnabas Packard I in 1824, there were two Barnabas Packards remaining. One of them was the first child son of Barnabas Packard I and Sarah Ford, and was named Barnabas Packard II. He was born in Bridgewater and was briefly mentioned in the previous chapter. [194] His story, that of his wife Mary Nash, and Plainfield, north of Cummington, is the subject of this chapter. Sometime between 1764 and 1789 he moved to Plainfield, Massachusetts, clearing the “wilderness for a farm in what is now Plainfield’s Maple Street” as one history put it. On September 17, 1789, he married a Plainfield woman by the name of Mary Nash. [195] While some sources say that her age was not recorded, using her gravestone as a guide, she would have been 28, meaning that she was three years older than Barnabas. As some recent articles have indicated, this could have increased her mortality rate, but even if that was not the case, it doesn’t follow the trend (currently changing) of older men marrying younger women, so it is a different dynamic. [196] This Barnabas reportedly built his own “home and barns” and the story goes that his wife Mary chased “a bear away from the hog-pen with a pitch-fork.” Considering the agricultural lifestyle they had, this story is within belief.

The town of Plainfield was not at all new. The town had begun to be settled in 1770 but was not incorporated until 1807. Hence, Barnabas and Mary were part of the wave of settlers before incorporation. The area itself has moderate to rugged terrain, with some areas having relatively gentle hills. [197] No major waterways go through Plainfield with existing local streams and brooks flowing into Westfield River, with such streams and brooks enough to run mills in the 19th century although they were not rivers. No settlements by indigenous peoples are known. It was only used as a resource area or division between indigenous nations, while the area did not have colonial population until about 1770, with locals attending religious services in Cummington since the town, at the time, did not have religious services. [198] In terms of an economy, it is relatively self-explanatory. The inhabitants were mainly farmers, so the economy was largely agricultural, with no railroads constructed in the area from 1830 to 1915, apart from some small cloth shops. [199] The town was small. It only had 570 people in 1870, producing potatoes and other agricultural products like maple sugar and apples, along with cattle raising even in the late industrial period, and continuing to be agricultural even into the 20th century. [200]

This would make the town a perfect place for the Packard family. They would stay in Plainfield even into the 1890s, when one historian, recounting the town’s genealogy, would say, they have “quite a family” in the area. [201] This would continue for many years, with some descendants still living there.

Barnabas and Mary would have eight children. One of them, as the story goes, “died in infancy” in 1794. Their first child was Achsah Packard. As the existing family history states, he was born on April 26, 1790, he died 15 months later on June 21, 1791, from a cause which is not known. [202] This cannot be confirmed or denied. Their second child was Sally Packard, born on July 3, 1792 and died on April 25, 1868. [203] While she never married, she lived with her sister, Ruby, and Edward Beals in Plainfield in 1850 and just with Ruby in 1860 in the same location. Nothing else is known. Their third child was Barnabas Packard III. He was born on June 10, 1795, in Brockton, Massachusetts, and died on December 1871, living in Cummington, Massachusetts in 1800. [204] Other information about him and his family will be explained in the next chapter.

The other five children have varied levels of documentation. Their fourth child, Patty Packard, was reportedly born on August 25, 1797, is said to have married Nathan Beales/Beals on July 13, 1815. Searches on Find A Grave and elsewhere cannot confirm or deny this information. Ruby Packard, their fifth child, is a different story. Her gravestone shows she was born on September 29, 1799, and died on October 25, 1871, at age 72 and one month. [205] No other information can be determined at this time. Some of their other children have more information on their lives, helping tell their story.

Norton, their sixth child, was born in 1802, on November 22 or 23, if you count backwards from his death date. [206] He married a woman named Mary Ann Thompson on November 2, 1828. They would have four children together: John Kirkland Packard (1832-1834) who lived in Cummington, Phidena Packard (b. 1834) of Cummington, Mainla Richardo Packard (b. 1837), and John Kirkland Packard (b. 1839). [207] In 1860, after the death of Mary, Norton would re-marry. On June 26, he would marry a woman named Eunice Rowley, the daughter or Erastus Rowley and Eunice. [208] They would live in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, within Berkshire, Massachusetts, from 1860 to 1871, when she died on September 28. Norton would live in the same place, not marrying again until his death on September 23, 1898 at age 96, 10 months and one day old, dying of old age and/or asthma. [209]

Milton and Roswell were Barnabas and Mary’s last two children. Milton E. was their sixth child. Born on January 10, 1805, he lived in Hampshire Massachusetts, likely Plainfield, from 1805-1865, dying in Cameron, Missouri, within Clinton County. [210] He married a woman named Charlotte Parker on January 6, 1828. While he, as the story goes, continued to operate his parent’s farm in Plainfield, he had at least four children with Charlotte: Lyman (1833-1867), Laura (1843-1870), Lozone (1845-1923), and Franklin Luther (1852-1920), all with the last name of Packard. [211] There is more to their story than just this simple recounting. Probate records focus on a number of Packards living in the area, including Milton, Charlotte, and their children, with the settling of their estates. [212] For Milton, Chalmers Packard (relation not known) became the administrator of his estate, while he also became a guardian to some of Milton’s children or related Packards.

The last child, the seventh child, was Roswell Packard. As the story goes, he was born on February 12, 1808. He married a woman named Susannah Bird on July 14, 1832. [213] If the 1850, 1860, 1870 and 1880 censuses refer to the same person, he moved to Racine, Wisconsin, and reportedly died sometime in 1883. Nothing else is known other than this photograph of him posted on Ancestry.com by a user named momcom1212 on November 7, 2009:

The records of Barnabas and Sarah’s family at this point are scant. While a probate, within the Massachusetts, Wills and Probates Records, 1635-1991, exists for Sally Packard of Hampshire, it does not exist for any other individuals. The 1790 census lists all three Barnabases, one in Cummington (Barnabas I), another in Plainfield (Barnabas II), and one in Easton (presumably Barnabas III). [214] Later years narrow down the results. As some note, Barnabas Packard II became church Deacon in 1799, and died on April 30, 1847, at age 83, with his wife dying 10 years earlier on July 10, 1837, at age 70, with both buried at West Hill Cemetery in Plainfield. At least 20 Packards are at this cemetery, while 33 or 34 are currently buried within Dawes Cemetery in Cummington, near Grace Hill Dairy on 47 Potash Hill Road. Both have signs. We know that Barnabas Packard II lived in Plainfield. Going through the results, Barnabas I (Cummington) and Barnabas III (likely the one in Easton) continue to be listed, but it is not until 1810 (and again in 1820) that Barnabas II appears once again in the U.S. Federal Census. [215] By 1830, there are two Barnabas’s living in Plainfield, one named Barnabas Packard (referring to Barnabas II) and another named Barnabas Packard, Jr (referring to Barnabas III), although the 1840 census does not distinguish between them both in this manner, the one with the bigger family is likely Barnabas II. With the death of Barnabas Packard II in 1847, this opens the door to telling more of the story of Barnabas Packard III in the next chapter.

Notes

[194] Birth date confirmed by Gen. Column of the "Boston Transcript". 1906-1941: 24 Jun 1908, 1108 along with Family Data Collection - Individual Records, while Massachusetts, Town Birth Records, 1620-1850 gives a different date.

[195] Town Records, Hampshire, Cummington, Massachusetts Town Clerk, Vital and Town Records, p. 254, image 135 of 162. There was a marriage notice on July 26 (and 12) but they were married on that day, there is no doubt.

[196]  Alison Bonaguro, “Why Younger Women Marry Older Men (It’s Not Always About Money),” Men’s Health, Jan. 13, 2016; Anna Petherick, “Men live longer when they marry younger spouses. Why don't women?,” The Guardian, Mar. 31, 2016; Flannery Dean, “The reality of dating a much younger man,” Chatelaine, Feb. 24, 2014; Roger Highfield, “Why men like to marry younger women,” The Telegraph, Dec. 5, 2007; Ian Sample, “Marrying a younger man increases a woman's mortality rate,” The Guardian, May 12, 2010; Jean Lawrence, “Older Woman/Younger Man Relationships,” WebMD, Accessed July 11, 2017; Victoria Wells, “Older women married to younger men die sooner: study,” National Post, May 13, 2010; Justin Lehmiller, “Older Women Who Marry Younger Men: They're Stigmatized, but Highly Satisfied,” June 14, 2017; Valeriya Safrnova, “Younger Men, Older Women: A Pairing Becomes More Common,” New York Times, May 5, 2017; Catherine Rampell, “On Whether Women Can (or Do) Marry Younger Men,” New York Times, Apr. 1, 2013.

[197] MHC Renaissance Survey Report: Plainfield, 1982, Massachusetts Historical Commission, scanned copy published sometime after 2000, p. 1

[198] Ibid, 2-4. Later they would have their own religious services.

[199] Ibid, 4-5, 7. Later, Route 116 would go through the town center.

[200] Ibid, 6, 8.

[201] Charles N. Dyer, History of the Town of Plainfield, Hampshire County, Mass, From Its Settlement to 1891 (Northampton, Mass: Press of Gazette Printing Co., 1891), 165-168. Dyer would also list the following Packards as residents of Plainfield at one time or another: David (p. 10, 42, 73), Wm H. (p. 13, 51, 86, 87, 127), Harold S. (p. 19, 65, 101), Noah (p. 19), Lieut John (p. 20, 22, 27, 28), Iram (p. 23, 66, 79), Harold S. (p. 24), H. Clark (p. 44, 53, 101), Minnie G. (p. 47), Cyrus W. Packard (p. 52, 101, 115, 177), Deacon John (p. 60), Barnabas II (p. 61, 165-166), Lucinda (p. 63), Eliza (p. 67), Philander (p. 73, 82), Phillip (p. 80), and Henry C. (p. 166).

[202] Find A Grave entry for Barnabas Packard II. The scanned records of Massachusetts births is hard to follow and look at online, so it cannot be used as a source. Some sources seem to say this is a she.

[203] As noted by Massachusetts Death Records, 1841-1915 (says she has a probate in 1868), and Massachusetts Town and Vital Records, 1620-1988. For the next sentence, see the 1850 and 1850 United States Federal Censuses.

[204] Massachusetts Town and Vital Records, 1620-1988, his Find A Grave entry, and the 1800 U.S. Federal Census.

[205] Gravestone of Ruby Packard.

[206] Gravestone of Norton Packard.

[207] Town Records 1762-1860, Hampshire, Cummington, Massachusetts Town Clerk, Vital and Town Records, 1626-2001, p. 228-229, 287, images 122 and 151 of 162, courtesy of Family Search. The 1850 census lists the following in the Packard household: Norton Packard, farmer (age 47); Mary A. Packard (age 41); George W. Packard (age 21); Milena M. Packard (age 15), Manila Packard (age 13), and John K. Packard (age 10). See Massachusetts, Town and Vital Records, 1620-1988 for more information supporting what is said in this paragraph.

[208] Gravestone of Eunice Rowley; Barnabas Packard in entry for Norton Packard and Eunice Rowley, 26 Jun 1860; citing Pittsfield, Berkshire, Massachusetts, United States, Town clerks and local churches; FHL microfilm 1,902,438, Family Search; 1850 U.S. Federal Census for Richmond, Berkshire, Massachusetts, USA; 1860 U.S. Federal Census for Pittsfield, Berkshire, Massachusetts, USA; 1865 State Census of Massachusetts, Pittsfield, Berkshire, Massachusetts, USA; 1870 U.S. Federal Census for Pittsfield, Berkshire, Massachusetts, USA; Massachusetts, Marriage Records, 1840-1915.

[209] Massachusetts, Town and Vital Records, 1620-1988; Gravestone of Norton Packard.

[210] Gravestone of Milton E. Packard; Gravestone of Charlotte Parker, 1830 U.S. Federal Census for Hampshire, Massachusetts, USA; 1840 U.S. Federal Census for Hampshire, Massachusetts, USA; 1850 U.S. Federal Census for Hampshire, Massachusetts, USA; 1860 U.S. Federal Census for Hampshire, Massachusetts, USA; 1870 U.S. Federal Census for Hampshire, Massachusetts, USA; Massachusetts State Census of 1855, Hampshire, Massachusetts; Massachusetts State Census of 1865, Hampshire, Massachusetts; Milton Packard, Missouri, Wills and Probate Records, 1976-1988, about 1875. All are courtesy of Ancestry.com.

[211] Gravestone of Lyman Packard; Gravestone of Laura Packard; Gravestone of Lazone Packard; Gravestone of Franklin Luther Packard, all on Find A Grave.

[212] Clinton, Probate Court Records, Volume C-E, Missouri Probate Records, p. 473, image 485 of 1000; Clinton, Probates vol D-E, Missouri Probate Records, p. 65, 82, 105, 175, 288, 291, 369, 462, 603, 606, 609-610, 612, 619, 631, images 312, 315, 316, 320, 326, 368, 378, 389, 426, 486, 487, 538, 587, 660, 663 of 682.

[213] Massachusetts, Town and Vital Records, 1620-1988.

[214] Cummington, Hampshire, Massachusetts, First Census of the United States, 1790, National Archives, NARA M637, Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, Roll 4, Page 131. Courtesy of Ancestry.com; Easton, Bristol, Massachusetts, First Census of the United States, 1790, National Archives, NARA M637, Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, Roll 4, Page 209. Courtesy of Ancestry.com; Plainfield, Hampshire, Massachusetts, First Census of the United States, 1790, National Archives, NARA M637, Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, Roll 4, Page 455. Courtesy of Ancestry.com.

[215] Cummington, Hampshire, Massachusetts, Second Census of the United States, 1800, National Archives, NARA M32, Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, Roll 15, Page 880. Courtesy of Ancestry.com; Easton, Bristol, Massachusetts, Second Census of the United States, 1800, National Archives, NARA M32, Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, Roll 19, Page 635. Courtesy of Ancestry.com; Easton, Bristol, Massachusetts, Third Census of the United States, 1810, National Archives, NARA M252, Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, Roll 17, Page 459. Courtesy of Ancestry.com; Cummington, Hampshire, Massachusetts, Third Census of the United States, 1810, National Archives, NARA M252, Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, Roll 19, Page 262. Courtesy of Ancestry.com; Plainfield, Hampshire, Massachusetts, Third Census of the United States, 1810, National Archives, NARA M252, Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, Roll 19, Page 256. Courtesy of Ancestry.com; Plainfield, Hampshire, Massachusetts, Fourth Census of the United States, 1820, National Archives, NARA M33, Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, Roll 19, Page 256. Courtesy of Ancestry.com; Easton, Bristol, Massachusetts, Fourth Census of the United States, 1820, National Archives, NARA M33, Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, Roll M33_47, Page 307. Courtesy of Ancestry.com; Plainfield, Hampshire, Massachusetts, Fifth Census of the United States, 1830, National Archives, NARA M19, Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, Roll 64, Page 419. Courtesy of Ancestry.com; Plainfield, Hampshire, Massachusetts, Sixth Census of the United States, 1840, National Archives, NARA M19, Records of the Bureau of the Census, Record Group 29, Roll 184, page 279, 281. Courtesy of Ancestry.com. These records are just a sampling of the many available.

Note: This was originally posted on July 27, 2018 on the main Packed with Packards WordPress blog (it can also be found on the Wayback Machine here). My research is still ongoing, so some conclusions in this piece may change in the future.

© 2018-2022 Burkely Hermann. All rights reserved.

[sidewalkstamps]

The Gray Bros A.S.P. Co Schillinger Patent 205 New High St. L.A. (this picture was submitted by https://www.tumblr.com/those-who-squirm and was probably taken around 2015)

I owe a lot to this Tumblr user, because we both believe this is one of the oldest contractor stamps in the City of Los Angeles! It was definitely stamped pre-1894; you’ll see how I know that in a few paragraphs.

I’ll get to the Grays in a minute, but, first, “Schillinger Patent.” The Schillinger Patent was “a method, patented by John J. Schillinger in 1870, of making pavements that involved inserting tarpaper or similar materials between blocks of concrete” (”Early concrete, or artificial stone.” Oakland Underfoot, 2016). It was also the impetus for a U.S. Supreme Court case in 1894, Schillinger v. United States, for patent infringement. But basically the government said it was immune from the tort.

The Gray Bros were George F. and Harry N. Gray. They were the sons of Mrs. Maria Freeman Gray, who was “a grand daughter of John Kimball” and Electa Granger and “a daughter of Achsah Bridgman (Kimball) Freeman” and Daniel Sanford Freedom, and John Henry Gray. The first mentioned John was “son of Boyce Kimball, a soldier in the revolution, he son of another Boyce Kimball” (pg. 13, “Mrs. Maria Freeman Gray.” January, 1900. Kimball Family News, Volumes 3-4. G. F. Kimball, 1902). According to the Iowa State Register, Mrs. Gray and her sons moved to San Francisco after her husband died. Maria advocated for “disarmament of nations, etc. and travel(ed) all over the world on this business” and John was the “first republican judge in Iowa” but was “born in Queen Anne County, Maryland, son of George Gray.” In San Francisco, Mrs. Gray was president of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union of San Francisco County. Harry was married and lived at the California Hotel on Bush Street and G.F. lived with his mother at 897 Bush Street (pg. 12, “Mrs. Maria Freeman Gray.”). Earlier in his life, he had been a paper boy for the Iowa State Register.

A.S.P. stands for “Artificial Stone Paving“ - a previous name for concrete sidewalks. In San Francisco, they were located at 316 Montgomery Street, which doesn’t seem to be an address that exists exactly anymore. They were big operators of quarries up there, including in Diamond Heights/Billy Goat Hill above Noe Valley, Corona Heights, and Telegraph Hill. They also had a brick factory in Corona Heights.

As of 1889, George F. was president and manager of the Gray Brothers Artificial Stone Paving Company, incorporated. F. F. Ward was the Secretary. H. N. Gray was the treasurer. (California Court of Appeal 1st Appellate District Records and Briefs: A016445, Appellant’s Opening, California State Law.) They showed up in the Los Angeles Business Directory 1890-91 in the “Artificial Stone” section (Los Angeles Business Directory 1890-91, W. M. Pearsall, Los Angeles, CA, 1890/1891), accessed via the Los Angeles Public Library's website). In 1891 and 1893, they showed up in the L.A. city directory with their San Francisco address and their Los Angeles address (the one in the submitted photo of this stamp above) and information (Los Angeles City Directory 1891, W. H. L. Corran, 1891 & Los Angeles City Directory 1893, W. H. L. Corran, 1893; both accessed via the Los Angeles Public Library’s website).

The “rock from the quarries was initially used for ballast in oceangoing ships. Pieces of Telegraph Hill today are parts of cobblestone streets in Chile and China. Furthermore they used the stones for construction, street paving, bay fill and others.” But the Gray brothers were very reckless and often injured people and property in this process. In 1895, a judge permanently enjoined them from blasting. But all they did was move to a different area and continue their stone quarrying/dynamiting/disruption in general.

By 1892, their 205 New High Street address had new tenants: Franklin Printing Co. (Twentieth Century, Volume 9, F. C. Leubuscher, 18923).

By 1894, Southern California Hotel Association had moved in their official headquarters and Bureau of Information. Hammer & Smith, publishers of the Daily Hotel Gazette and Southern California Railway Advertiser, were also located there (Out West, Volumes 1-2, F. A. Pattee & Company, 1894).

In the 1897 directory, the company was listed as Gray Bros. & Ward and had moved to 125 N. Broadway (near today’s Grand Park) with the following employees: Albert D. Coombs, superintendent, living at 2023 Oak (maybe in the University Park neighborhood today); Frank F. Ward, living at 141 W 23rd (now a plumbing supply store near L.A. Trade Technical College); Harry C. Ward, living at 1422 S. Flower; Daniel Morweg, teamster, living at 213 Alpine Street. They were also listed as having a warehouse at 219 Alpine in today’s Chinatown. I wonder if the Wards were also brothers! (Maxwell’s Los Angeles City Directory and Gazetteer of Southern California 1897, Los Angeles Directory Co., Los Angeles, CA 1897.)

In 1898, we have some employee additions/changes: Thomas T. Cunningham, cement worker, residing at 1217 Wilson (I’m not sure where this is but perhaps Glendale); George F. Gray, residing in San Francisco, California; J. Samuel Menefee, driver, living at 213 Alpine St. (just around the corner from their earlier New High St. business address and today probably part of the “ChinaTown Market” - maybe roommates with or replaced the aforementioned Morweg); Marion J. Rice, cement worker, living at 1030 E. 1st (not a current address);  and Harry C. Ward, superintendent, had moved to 310 W 7th St. (this address would probably now be part of the Burlington Coat Factory footprint). Frank F. Ward was apparently also president of L.A. Clam Packing Co. and Cal. Ornamental Brick Co. and Harry C. Ward was also treasure of L. A. Packing Co. (Los Angeles City Directory, 1898, Los Angeles Directory Co., 1898, accessed via the Los Angeles Public Library’s website.)

They were still listed in 1899 as Gray Bros. & Ward, with Ward being specified as F. F., but had moved to 107 N. Broadway (Los Angeles City Directory, 1899, p. 410, Los Angeles Directory Publishing Co., 1899, accessed via the Los Angeles Public Library website).

In May of 1900, “about 40 area residents, ‘most of them ladies,’ appeared before the Board of Supervisors to complain that the Gray brothers were still doing their dangerous dynamite explosions. But the Grays were powerful and politically connected, and despite their obvious violations, the board did nothing” (Anika Okje Erdmann, ”Gray Brothers Noe Valley Quarry Historical Essay,” accessed via foundsf.org). They even timed their illegal destruction to be masked by local July 4th celebrations of cannon fire!

Also in 1900, apparently the Gray Bros had secured “a big industrial improvement contract” from Claus Spreckels, “the sugar king,” that called “for the expenditure of $1,250,00 and for the employment of 1,000 men for more than a year” (“Mrs. Maria Freeman Gray”).

From the 1900 San Francisco City Directory (R.L. Polk), we can learn a lot about their staff. Tony S. Pedro was superintendent and resided at 62 Julian Av. A. Mattson was a teamster and lived at 4122 24th.

In the 1909 Hendricks’ Commercial Register of the United States (S. E. Hendricks Company), the Gray Bros. are listed as being in the business of “Crushed Rock” and being located in the Wells Fargo building in San Francisco, CA.

As of a 1922 book of California case law, a lawsuit involved the Gray Bros. is what determined that “reversal of judgment against sureties because prematurely entered does not discharge them from their liability on undertaking, and hence subsequent judgment may be entered against them” (”Money-Judgment-Undertaking on Appeal From,” The Codes of California...: pt. 1-3 Code of Civil Procedure, Bender-Moss Company, 1922).

George Gray was shot to death on November 10, 1914 by Joseph Lococo, a 36-year-old worker for the Gray Bros. He "was ill, had not eaten for two days, had a wife and two babies who were starving, and was about to be evicted from his house” (”Gray Brothers Noe Valley Quarry Historical Essay”). When he asked Gray for $17.50 in back wages and received instead laughter, he shot him. His court hearing found him innocent due to temporary insanity. The Gray Bros firm went bankrupt and the company stopped business. Harry lived until 1937.

Unrelated to this topic but have to share this extremely ridiculous advertisement for The Los Angeles Times in the Los Angeles City Directory 1899 (source information with first citation above). I had to look it up but apparently it’s a biblical quote from Psalms, and the L.A. Times is basically comparing itself to God.

Other sources:

- Palm’s California Case Citations: Volumes 1 to 142 Inclusive: Also All Citations of California Cases by the United States Supreme Court to and including Volume 192 of the Reports of Said Court and many Citations of California Cases by Other Courts; Palm Law Book Company, 1904.

- Reports of Cases Determined in the Supreme Court of the State of California, Volume 106, California Supreme Court, Bancroft-Whitney Company, 1906.

[inspiredchampion]

I will make sure I am married to my wife-to-be by next year September. Being married encourages others that there is something loving and hopeful by connecting two souls and binding them together here on Earth and in Heaven in Holy matrimony.

I want give my partner the full respect and show her that she is WORTHY to be my Wife, my Life partner and my Everything!

I will show my father and everyone that a TRUE man stands by his wife and never leaves her. He guards her and protects her and looks after her heart.

I Pledge my Life to my Sweet adorable Achsah!

[izatrini]

Carnival Queen Achsah Basha ... sharing essential tips for revellers - Trinidad Guardian

Carnival Queen Achsah Basha ... sharing essential tips for revellers  Trinidad Guardian http://dlvr.it/T3FJtM