#aguinaldos

[consultores24]

[divierteteetb]

¡Así puedes celebrar las novenas este año en Bogotá!

Sin duda la navidad es la época predilecta para pasar tiempo de calidad en familia y para disfrutar de Bogotá, es por eso que en #ETBDigital tenemos los mejores planes donde rezar las novenas este año. 

16 de diciembre:  La cita inicia en el Parque San Cristóbal, en la calle 17A sur 2A-60 Este a las 6:00 p.m. acompañada de Paola Jara Nelson y sus Estrellas y Big Ban.

17 de diciembre: La segunda novena será en el Parque la Igualdad, en la calle 3 # 68 D Bis. Con el acompañamiento de la artista de música popular Francy, las ‘Estrellas orquestas’y Karen Lizarazo.

18 de diciembre: El tercer día será en la casa de la cultura Arborizadora Baja en la avenida calle 61 Sur #59 B-43 sur. con el artista de vallenato Rafa Pérez, Jhon Alex Castaño y San Miguelito.

19 de diciembre: La cuarta será en la Plaza fundacional de Engativá, en la calle 64 #121-55. Estará a cargo de Alzate, Matecaña, Los Tupamaros y Andrey Riobueno.

20 de diciembre: La quinta novena será en el Parque el Jazmín, en la calle 1g #41a-39. Estará acompañada del cantante Jeison Jiménez, la parranda de Los 50 de Joselito, Penchy Castro y Hernán Gómez cantarán en las novenas.

21 de diciembre: Este día la cita es en el parque Fontanar del Río, en la calle 144c #141. Con el cantante Elder Dayan, Aniel Velásquez, Alquimia y Omar Enrique.

22 de diciembre: El viernes la novena será en la Plaza fundacional de Bosa, en la carrera 80 I No. 61 - 05 Sur y estará acompañada por Rafael Santos, Kari Castillo y Yimmy Gtz.

23 de diciembre: La última novena del año será en la Plazoleta Centro Comercial Tunal, de la calle 47B sur No. 24B - 33 con Daniel Calderón y Los Gigantes, Giovanny Ayala y Jeison Pérez.

¿Ya te agendaste para ir a la más cercana a tu casa? Recuerda que estas novenas están organizadas por la Alcaldía de Bogotá y que puedes ir para conectarte un rato con tu familia, amigos o tu pareja, lo importante es que vivas la navidad con toda.  Recuerda que en ETB tenemos los mejores planes de internet fibra óptica y de datos móviles para tu celular, ingresa aquí para más información o síguenos en nuestras redes sociales para más información y blogs, encuéntranos en Facebook como: ETB.Colombia, en Twitter: @ETB y @ETBsoluciones  y en YouTube: ETBCorporativo ¡Te esperamos!

[lacolonia]

¡Navidad 2023!

¡Felicidades!

[clauxdventura]

#aguinaldos #cuentaregresesiva https://www.instagram.com/p/CjgI0IbuXGW/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[oyeone89]

Till the undead by thy name.

[Rendered with Blender | Edited with Photoshop]

[videogamepoc]

MAYA AGUINALDO in Call of Duty: Black Ops 6 Zombies (2024) dev. Treyarch Studios

[dalandan-oranges]

Utak ng Rebolusyon

this comic is more about Aguinaldo, but I’ll find a way to draw Mabini too :) he was in Laguna for health reasons, but in the last panel, he’s probably taking some time to reply to some letters because that man didn’t quit.

Apolinario Mabini, Revolutionary, Cesar Adib Majul

⭐ places I’m at! bsky / pixiv / pillowfort /cohost / cara.app / insta

[filipinfodump]

Hi, I want to ask if you have any topics about the Philippine-American War? I have gotten myself in Philippine History and I want to know deeper. Thanks:)

I was thinking of many ways on how to answer this because this is such a large and complicated topic but I could just try to summarize some stuff here and tell you what I know and what I could find.

The Filipino-American war mainly started as Filipinos felt betrayed by their former American allies after the country was sold to them by Spain after the Spanish-American war during the Treaty of Paris of 1898 for $20 million alongside other Spanish colonies like Puerto Rico, Guam, and Cuba (American Historical Association, n.d.). This feeling of betrayal had come from the fact that the leader and dictator president of the Filipino revolutionaries, Emilio Aguinaldo of the Kataastaasang Kagalang-galang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (en. The Supreme and Honorable Association of the Children of the Nation) or the Katipunan for short, actually sought assistance from the Americans in Hong Kong during the Filipino Revolutionary War against Spain which was happening at the same time (Kedmey, 2013). This is why tensions were so high with the Americans when they first formally colonized the Philippines.

Interestingly, the purchase also included some territories that weren't actually part of Spanish rule such as the Sultanate of Sulu as well as some indigenous territories which led to a strained relationship with the Americans moving forward such as the independent Moros of Muslim Mindanao later being forced to assimilate to the rest of the colony of the Philippines despite previous agreements that state that they will leave them alone, mirroring the way the United States government treated Native Americans (Gowing, 1968).

Fighting between the American army and the Filipino army first broke out when on February 4, 1899 after Private William W. Grayson fired at 4 Filipino soldiers who cocked their rifles in response to them ordering the men to halt which later broke out into the Battle of Manile of 1899 (Chaput, 2012). As the Filipinos and Americans declared war on each other, the Katipuneros resorted to the mountains to start guerilla warfare against the American army (Philippine-American War, n.d.) which then lasted until 1901 when Aguinaldo was captured on March 23, 1901, just a day after Aguinaldo's birthday actually with the capture being attributed to two of his men, Lazaro Segovia and Hilario Tal Placido who betrayed him to the Americans with his other men still being too relaxed from the festivities the day before (Ocampo, 2010).

The fighting continued despite his capture and surrender until the last of the generals, General Macario Sakay, surrendered in July 14, 1906 who was then later executed along side his men on September 13, 1907 despite the initial promise of amnesty by the American government (Pangilinan & Pimintel, 2008).

The war ended the lives of 4,300 American soldiers with only 1,500 having been killed in action with the rest succumbing to diseases, while Filipino forces suffered 20,000 casualties alongside the death of 200,000 Filipino civilians due to hunger, disease, and combat (Philippine-American War, n.d.).

The violence of the situation and especially committed by the American soldiers prompted a lot of protests in the United States to stop the war immediately, as letters of the situation had been sent back to their homes which describes in excruciating detail the war crimes that these soldiers were ordered to commit such as blockading and burning down villages, extreme torture of captured and suspected enemies, and much more. The most well-known of these torture methods that I remember being taught to us in history classes as early as 4th grade was the "Water Cure" where American soldiers would force water down the victim's throat in and force them to vomit it back out. This article has a detailed account of the exact nature of this torture method as it discusses the torture of Mayor Joveniano Ealdama of Igbaras, who, although no American troop was actually hurt in his town, was tortured with his town being burnt down by the Americans the very next day (Vestal, 2017).

I do have to be honest, I was utterly shocked at how little Americans really knew about the Philippine American colonial era and by extension the Philippine-American war especially with the sheer amount of brutality the Americans had done to Filipino locals as well as the large impact the American government and American culture has had in my country and I am glad that more and more people are starting to learn more about this but it's still rather disappointing.

Videos on the Philippine-American War

If you want to learn more about the Philippine-American War, I have a couple of recommendations for videos that you can watch.

This video by Crash Course explains the origins of American Imperial idealization as well as the wars that led up to the colonization of the many territories that America acquired during this time era:

Here's a good summary by history teacher Mr. Beat of the major aspects of the war as well as the American public's perception of it that you can watch:

Here's a video made with a Filipino-perspective by Jonas Tayaban on the topic:

Here's a summary in Tagalog. It doesn't have English subtitles though but it does detail more things about the build-up and the subsequent wars between Spain and America and later the Philippines and Spain and then America too:

Movies about the Philippine-American War

I would also be remiss to not suggest some historical movies that tackle the events of this time period and especially TBA Studios' Artikulo Uno films Heneral Luna (2015) which focuses on the most popular and effective general of the revolution Gen. Antonio Luna, and Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral (2018) which focuses on Gregorio "Goyo" del Pilar, one the youngest generals of Filipino history who died a very tragic death at a young age:

You can watch the full movie here complete with English Subtitles

Another well-known movie about this time period is Viva Films' El Presidente (2012), although I had heard people say it's very much biased to the controversial dictator president Aguinaldo's side with many people citing that as the reason why they don't like the film.

Here's a reupload of the full-movie. It doesn't have subtitles though.

I don't know of any American-made movies that focuses on this topic and I know there's several other films that focus more on the politics of the Katipunan and the Filipino Revolutionary War against Spain, but not necessarily the Philippine-American War so if anyone has other suggestions, please let me know.

I would also like to suggest documentaries but most of the ones I've seen are on World War II and the others are other YouTube videos by history channels that I'm not too familiar with made by mostly white American YouTubers. Not that that would disqualify their videos (I did reference both John Green and Mr. Beat here) but I don't know these history channels and their hosts enough to recommend them in good faith as of right now.

Books and Further Reading on the Philippine-American War

For books on the subject, I often reference the many writings of Ambeth Ocampo such as his Looking Back series, specifically:

Looking Back 2: Dirty Dancing (Shopee, Lazada, Amazon)

Looking Back 11: Independence x6 (Shopee, Lazada)

Looking Back 13: Guns of the Katipunan (Shopee, Lazada)

I'm also currently interested in buying some other books about the topic like The Hills of Sampaloc: The Opening Actions of the Philippine-American War, February 4-5, 1899 (Shopee, Amazon) but I don't really have any extra money to spare for it right now.

I remember that my father had some other books about this too but the names had escaped me and it's far too much work to try to sort out through his entire book pile in our house.

I hope this answer's comprehensive enough since the subject is, as I said before, quite complex and rather large so I can't really get into all the specifics right now.

References:

American Historical Association. (n.d.). How Did America Enter the Picture?. Retrieved on 3 February 2024, from https://www.historians.org/about-aha-and-membership/aha-history-and-archives/gi-roundtable-series/pamphlets/em-24-what-lies-ahead-for-the-philippines-(1945)/how-did-america-enter-the-picture

Chaput, D. (2012). Private William W Grayson's War in the Philippines, 1899. Retrieved on 3 February 2024, from https://ne-test-site8.cdc.nicusa.com/sites/ne-test-site8.cdc.nicusa.com/files/doc/publications/NH1980GraysonWar1899.pdf

Gowing, P. (1968). Muslim-American Relations in the Philippines, 1899-1929. Retrieved on 3 February 2024, from https://asj.upd.edu.ph/mediabox/archive/ASJ-06-03-1968/gowing-muslim-american%20relations%20in%20the%20philippines%201899-1920.pdf

Kedmey, D. (2013, June 13). Exiled in Hong Kong: Famous Company for Edward Snowden.Time. Retrieved on 3 February 2024, from https://world.time.com/2013/06/15/exiled-in-hong-kong-famous-company-for-edward-snowden/slide/general-emilio-aguinaldo/

Ocampo, A. (2010). Looking Back 2: Dirty Dancing. Anvil Publishing

Pangilinan, F., & Pimintel, A. (2008, September 9). A Resolution Expressing the Sense of the Senate Honoring the Sacrifice of Macario Sakay and all other Filipinos who Gave Up their Lives in the Philippine-American War for our Freedom, Senate Resolution No. 623, 14th Congress of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved on 3 February 2024, from http://legacy.senate.gov.ph/lisdata/83927584!.pdf

Philippine-American War. In Britannica. Retrieved on 3 February 2024, from https://www.britannica.com/event/Philippine-American-War

Vestal, A. (2017). The First Wartime Water Torture by Americans. Retrieved on 3 February 2024, from https://digitalcommons.mainelaw.maine.edu/mlr/vol69/iss1/2/

[primisdempsey]

[peanut0w0]

"Bakit sa tuwing nakikita kitang nakangiti, tila'y mas nagniningning ka kaysa sa mga bituin sa ibabaw ng mga ulap?" THE FEELS, MIONG IS SO IN LOVE-

So I took my shot, Veil Scene 14 Redraw Trend! PLEASE READ THE VEIL MANGA IT'S VERY GOOD! Check out the author of the Manga as well! here

@_K0TTERl_ THE MANGA IS VERY RECOMMENDABLE! (I love my fluffly ship there. It reminds me of Mabinaldo asgdjagsd)

[paradamaxima]

Besties (I hope they are)

[loafaethernaut]

Like a lot of folks, I’ve noticed that the trailers for Terminus often depict Grey and Maya together, and one of the only voicelines we’ve heard from Maya thus far is of her reviving Grey and sounding rather cheerful about it.

It might be just a coincidence, but I think Grey and Maya are each going to play a key role in the other’s character arcs in BO6. Because what doesn’t seem like just a coincidence to me is that both Maya and Grey’s main motivations for this story are about reuniting with someone that they love.

Maya wants to find her brother (presumably because she cares about him but there could be another reason) and Grey wants to rescue Maxis (we haven’t been explicitly told yet this is her main motivation for BO6 but we know in MWZ they tried to get Maxis back and it just seems unlikely to me that Grey would care more about killing Richtofen than she would about rescuing Sam. But again, I could be wrong).

I might also be reading too much into this but I also think their character designs might hint at a potential contrast somewhere?

Maya’s character design has a lot of warmer, brighter colors like red, white, and khaki. Meanwhile Grey has a lot of darker, cooler colors like black. And more black. With some bits of blue and maybe gray in there (which is a big difference compared to her lighter and brighter colored outfit in CW).

My current theory for what this all might mean is this: Grey and Maya’s individual arcs might start out in a similar place, both searching for their lost loved one and maybe even helping each other out in their search. But their stories will eventually end up with two very different outcomes- perhaps Maya either finds her brother or loses him forever and is able to accept the loss, and Grey (we already know from MWZ that Requiem are unsuccessful in truly rescuing Sam from the DA) is unable to fully accept losing Sam and will struggle to carry on without her.

Regardless I’m really interested to see how each of their stories will play out in BO6!

[lacolonia]

¡Felicidades 2023!

Oye, cada año se va más rápido 😕

[georgia-anlor]

For National heroes day.

Too many characters so I just tag a few of them.

[oyeone89]

TERMINUS ISLAND

[rendered in Blender and edited in Photoshop]

[ano-po]

Short definition of my Bayani Dads,

Apolinario Mabini - Asshole (affectionate)

Emilio Aguinaldo - Asshole (derogatory)