#and potentially interfere with the functional brackets

[hotfudgecherryrosy]

im tired of scrolling through my code because java sucks

im going to use evil programming methods

edit: predictably, this broke my code

[honourablejester]

Random Blades in the Dark Question:

Can I just say, one initial impression about the Doskvol city map that makes me feel slightly itchy?

The lightning towers around the edge maintaining the lightning barrier. I’ve no idea if this is on purpose or not, but there are big dots and little dots, and I’m assuming that the big dots are the big towers described in the description of Barrowcleft: “The largest towers are over 200 feet tall and include their own internal generators to provide power to the lightning barrier that keeps the ravenous spirits of the deathlands out of the city.” So the little ones are sort of conduits, and the big ones are power sources? And it kind of makes sense, every time the lightning barrier crosses a body of water, the North Hook Channel, the Doskvol River, the little delta branch in Barrowcleft itself, at all of them, the gap is bracketed on either side by the big towers. All of this makes sense. My issue is …

There’s a huge section along the east side of the city, across the river from Nightmarket and the Gaddoc Rail Station, where there are no big towers. And it’s a section where, because of the rail station, the barrier is also pierced in two places by the electrorail lines. The book doesn’t go into detail on how either the lightning barrier or the rail lines work, so maybe this is fine, maybe the lines themselves can function as part of the power supply for the barrier, but just looking at the map for the first time …

It feels like a great big open flank to me? Like a place where the barrier is very precarious. A long stretch of barrier that is being purely conducted by smaller towers, and the nearest power generation towers are down at the split of the Dosk River and half way up Six Towers. The south side of the city also goes a bit of distance between big towers, but if you hold your fingers to the map to measure distance, the south side still has four big towers across the same distance where the east has two.

It just makes me wonder, is all. If this was on purpose. If the electrorail lines interfere in the barrier. The lower of the two big towers is right next to the southern rail line, so probably not? It doesn’t look like there’s a problem putting big towers right next to rail lines, so there doesn’t look like there should have been a problem putting another big tower north of the northern rail line to just even out the power distribution a bit more. Possibly there’s a terrain issue? I’d love to know if there’s an in-world explanation here. But it feels like a potential weak spot in the barrier to me, a place where it’s possibly more vulnerable and tenuous.

It’s also slightly baffling to me that the north shore of Whitecrown, which faces out to sea where ghosts tend not to hang out, has more defenses than the entire east side of the city, which faces directly out onto the deathlands. Or. Okay. Whitecrown is rich person central, so actually I’m not too surprised there. (And there’s also demons and leviathans out to sea). But still. Given that Nightmarket and Gaddoc are the trade links out to the rest of Akoros, you’d figure they’d want to protect that too.

Is it the electrorail? Does it necessitate a weaker barrier to run the rail through it? The two rail lines are the defining features of this section of the barrier.

Sorry. I just. I have questions?

[sngl-led-auto-lights]

Why are my taillights, turn signals, and parking lights not working except for my headlights?

​Why Your Taillights, Turn Signals, and Parking Lights Are Not Working (Headlights Functional) The failure of taillights, turn signals, and parking lights—while headlights remain operational—is typically caused by ​shared electrical components or ​system-specific faults. Below is a breakdown of potential causes and solutions based on your scenario:

​1. ​Fuse or Relay Failure** ​Shared Fuse: Taillights, parking lights, and turn signals often share a dedicated fuse or relay separate from headlights. A blown fuse or faulty relay could disable all three systems simultaneously . ​Check: Locate the fuse box (refer to your vehicle manual) and test the fuse(s) for these circuits. Replace if broken . ​Relay Test: Swap the suspect relay with a matching one (e.g., horn relay) to see if functionality is restored . ​2. ​Faulty Headlight Switch or Wiring** ​Switch Malfunction: The headlight switch controls multiple lighting circuits. If partially damaged or worn, it may fail to activate parking/taillights when fully engaged, even if headlights work . ​Test: Use a multimeter to check for power output at the switch terminals when activated. ​Example: In older Dodge models, a melted plug or damaged wiring near the switch can disrupt these circuits . ​3. ​Grounding Issues** ​Poor Ground Connection: A weak or corroded ground connection (often at the taillight housings, chassis, or license plate bracket) can disrupt multiple systems. This is especially likely if symptoms worsen when headlights are on . ​Check: Inspect ground points for corrosion, loose bolts, or paint interference. Clean and tighten connections. ​Symptom: If parking lights flicker or work intermittently when the switch is partially pulled (but fail when fully engaged), grounding is a likely culprit . ​4. ​Damaged Wiring or Short Circuits** ​Pinched or Rubbed Wires: Damaged insulation or exposed wires can cause short circuits, blowing fuses or disrupting power flow. This is common near trailer hitches or sharp metal edges . ​Example: A staple piercing a wire caused a trailer’s left-side lights to fail when brakes were applied . ​Test: Use a circuit tester to trace voltage drops or shorts along the wiring harness. ​5. ​Body Control Module (BCM) or Software Glitches** ​Electronic System Failures: Modern vehicles rely on the BCM to manage lighting. A faulty module or software glitch can disable specific circuits . ​Diagnosis: Use an OBD-II scanner to check for BCM error codes. Reprogramming or replacing the module may be required. ​Step-by-Step Troubleshooting ​Verify Fuses and Relays: Start with the simplest fixes. ​Test the Headlight Switch: Ensure it delivers power to all circuits. ​Inspect Grounds: Focus on taillight housings and chassis connections. ​Check Wiring: Look for damage, especially near high-heat areas (e.g., exhaust) or trailer wiring. ​Consult a Mechanic: For BCM issues or complex electrical faults, professional diagnostics are recommended . ​Key Takeaway The issue likely stems from a ​shared electrical component (fuse, ground, or switch) rather than individual bulb failures. Prioritize checking fuses, grounds, and wiring integrity. If unresolved, modern vehicles may require advanced diagnostics for BCM or software-related faults

[metrogaragedoor-tx]

How to Properly Maintain Your Garage Door After Installation

Maintaining your garage door after installation is essential to ensure its longevity and reliable performance. Proper upkeep not only prevents unexpected breakdowns but also saves you from costly repairs. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you keep your garage door functioning optimally.

1. Conduct Regular Inspections

Routine inspections are key to identifying potential problems before they become serious. Check for any signs of wear, such as loose hardware, frayed cables, or unusual noises when the door operates. Pay attention to the rollers, springs, and tracks for any irregularities. If you notice any issues, it's advisable to contact Garage door installation experts to address them professionally.

2. Lubricate All Moving Components

Proper lubrication of the garage door’s moving parts can prevent friction and extend its lifespan. Use a silicone-based lubricant on hinges, rollers, and springs at least twice a year. Avoid using heavy grease, as it can accumulate dust and debris, which may cause more harm than good.

3. Test the Door Balance

A balanced garage door is easier on the opener and motor, ensuring smooth operation. Disconnect the automatic opener and manually lift the door halfway. If it stays in place, the balance is correct. If it moves up or down, the springs may need adjustment. Always rely on professionals for spring adjustments, as they can be hazardous.

4. Examine the Weatherstripping

The weatherstripping at the bottom of the door prevents drafts, water, and debris from entering your garage. Over time, it may crack or wear down. Inspect it regularly and replace it when necessary to maintain an effective seal and protect your garage from the elements.

5. Clean the Tracks and Remove Debris

Ensure the tracks are clean and free from debris, as any obstruction can affect the smooth movement of the door. Use a damp cloth to wipe down the tracks and remove any buildup of dirt. However, do not lubricate the tracks, as this can attract more debris and interfere with the door’s movement.

6. Check the Safety Features

Garage doors are equipped with safety features like the auto-reverse mechanism, which prevents the door from closing if an object is in its path. Test this feature by placing an object, such as a block of wood, under the door. If the door does not reverse after contact, it may require professional adjustment to ensure safety compliance.

7. Tighten Hardware as Needed

The constant movement of your garage door can loosen its hardware over time. Periodically check and tighten all bolts, screws, and brackets, especially those that hold the tracks in place. Keeping these components secure helps maintain the door’s alignment and functionality.

8. Keep the Door Surface Clean

Regularly cleaning the door itself is vital to preserve its appearance and prevent rust, particularly on metal doors. Use a mild detergent and water to wash both the interior and exterior surfaces, and immediately address any signs of rust or damage to maintain its aesthetic and structural integrity.

Conclusion

Maintaining your garage door is a simple but crucial task that can significantly extend its lifespan and ensure it operates smoothly. Regular inspections, proper lubrication, and routine cleaning are essential to preventing major issues. When in doubt, professional assistance is always the best route to avoid potential hazards and costly repairs. By following these steps, you’ll keep your garage door functioning like new for years to come.

Metro Garage Door Repair Address: 11126 Shady Trail Suite. 116, Dallas, TX 75229 Phone: (972) 391-3610 Visit our website: https://www.metrogaragedoor.net/

Business Hours: Monday to Sunday - Open 24hrs

[spookysaladchaos]

Global Top 14 Companies Accounted for 32% of total Automotive EMC Testing market (QYResearch, 2021)

EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) testing is a process that ensures that an electronic device or system can operate properly in its intended electromagnetic environment without causing or experiencing any interference. Automotive EMC testing, in particular, is a type of testing that is focused on ensuring that vehicles and their components are compatible with electromagnetic emissions and are not adversely affected by electromagnetic interference.

Automotive EMC testing is critical because the electronic components in a vehicle can be sensitive to electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) can cause disruptions in the operation of electronic systems in a car, which can lead to malfunctions and potentially dangerous situations. Examples of such electronic systems include engine management, navigation systems, audio systems, and communication systems.

Today’s automotive systems contain many more active electronic components than in the past. Those components and assemblies may emit RF noise or be affected by external sources of energy. This can result in unanticipated changes in system operation.

Most of today’s vehicle rely on active devices, microprocessors, and vehicle communication networks for control of vehicle functions, entertainment systems and legislated requirements such as tire pressure monitoring. Because complex control systems require a high degree of robustness EMC testing for systems and components is critical to insure proper operation.

According to the new market research report “Global Automotive EMC Testing Market Report 2023-2029”, published by QYResearch, the global Automotive EMC Testing market size is projected to reach USD 2.72 billion by 2029, at a CAGR of 7.1% during the forecast period.

Figure.   Global Automotive EMC Testing Market Size (US$ Million), 2018-2029

Figure.   Global Automotive EMC Testing Top 14 Players Ranking and Market Share (Ranking is based on the revenue of 2022, continually updated)

The global key manufacturers of Automotive EMC Testing include SGS, Bureau Veritas, TUV SUD, Dekra, Intertek Group, UL Solutions, Applus+ Laboratories, Element, Horiba, Eurofins MET Labs, etc.

In 2022, the global top five players had a share approximately 32.0% in terms of revenue.

About QYResearch

QYResearch founded in California, USA in 2007.It is a leading global market research and consulting company. With over 16 years’ experience and professional research team in various cities over the world QY Research focuses on management consulting, database and seminar services, IPO consulting, industry chain research and customized research to help our clients in providing non-linear revenue model and make them successful. We are globally recognized for our expansive portfolio of services, good corporate citizenship, and our strong commitment to sustainability. Up to now, we have cooperated with more than 60,000 clients across five continents. Let’s work closely with you and build a bold and better future.

QYResearch is a world-renowned large-scale consulting company. The industry covers various high-tech industry chain market segments, spanning the semiconductor industry chain (semiconductor equipment and parts, semiconductor materials, ICs, Foundry, packaging and testing, discrete devices, sensors, optoelectronic devices), photovoltaic industry chain (equipment, cells, modules, auxiliary material brackets, inverters, power station terminals), new energy automobile industry chain (batteries and materials, auto parts, batteries, motors, electronic control, automotive semiconductors, etc.), communication industry chain (communication system equipment, terminal equipment, electronic components, RF front-end, optical modules, 4G/5G/6G, broadband, IoT, digital economy, AI), advanced materials industry Chain (metal materials, polymer materials, ceramic materials, nano materials, etc.), machinery manufacturing industry chain (CNC machine tools, construction machinery, electrical machinery, 3C automation, industrial robots, lasers, industrial control, drones), food, beverages and pharmaceuticals, medical equipment, agriculture, etc.

[fatefamilydental]

Start Early: Orthodontics for Children in Rockwall

Introduction

Orthodontic care is not just for teenagers; it can play a crucial role in the overall dental development and well-being of children as well. In the thriving community of Rockwall, Texas, parents are increasingly recognizing the importance of early orthodontic intervention to set their children up for a lifetime of healthy, beautiful smiles.

The Importance of Early Orthodontic Treatment

Optimal dental development typically begins around the age of 7, when the majority of a child's permanent teeth have erupted. At this stage, an experienced orthodontist can identify potential issues with tooth alignment, jaw growth, and bite alignment, and recommend appropriate treatment.

By addressing these concerns early on, orthodontic care can help prevent more complex problems from developing in the future. Early intervention can also make subsequent treatment more efficient and effective, leading to shorter treatment times and better long-term results.

Some of the key benefits of seeking orthodontic care for children in Rockwall include:

Improved Oral Health

Crowded, crooked, or misaligned teeth can make it challenging for children to maintain good oral hygiene, increasing their risk of tooth decay, gum disease, and other dental problems. Orthodontic treatment can properly align the teeth, making it easier for children to brush and floss effectively.

Enhanced Facial Development

Orthodontic appliances, such as palatal expanders, can help guide the growth and development of a child's jaws, ensuring that their teeth and bite align properly as they mature.

Prevention of Speech and Chewing Difficulties

Misaligned teeth or jaws can interfere with a child's ability to speak clearly and chew food efficiently. Orthodontic treatment can address these functional issues, improving a child's overall quality of life.

Boosted Self-Confidence

A beautiful, confident smile can have a profound impact on a child's self-esteem and social development. By addressing orthodontic concerns at an early age, parents in Rockwall can help their children feel more comfortable and secure in their appearance.

The Orthodontic Options for Children

When it comes to orthodontic treatment for children in Rockwall, parents have access to a wide range of modern, innovative options. Some of the most common and effective approaches include:

Traditional Metal Braces

Metal braces have long been the standard for correcting complex orthodontic issues in children. Advancements in bracket and wire design have made them more comfortable and less noticeable than in the past.

Clear or Tooth-Colored Braces

For children who are self-conscious about their appearance during treatment, clear or tooth-colored braces offer a more discreet alternative to traditional metal braces.

Palatal Expanders

These specialized appliances are used to gradually widen the upper jaw, creating more space for emerging teeth and helping to correct issues such as crossbites or narrow arches.

Retainers

After the completion of active orthodontic treatment, children will typically be fitted with a retainer to help maintain the corrected position of their teeth.

The Orthodontic Process for Children in Rockwall

The journey to a straighter, healthier smile for children in Rockwall often begins with an initial consultation with an experienced orthodontist. During this appointment, the orthodontist will carefully examine the child's teeth, jaws, and overall oral health, and work with the parents to develop a personalized treatment plan.

Depending on the specific needs and developmental stage of the child, the orthodontist may recommend starting treatment immediately or implementing a phased approach, with the initial focus on guiding the growth and development of the jaws and teeth.

Throughout the treatment process, children and their parents can expect regular appointments with the orthodontist to monitor progress, make any necessary adjustments, and ensure that the child's teeth are moving into their desired positions. The orthodontist will also provide detailed instructions on how to care for the orthodontic appliances and maintain good oral hygiene during treatment.

The Role of Parents in Childhood Orthodontics

Parents play a vital role in the success of their child's orthodontic treatment. By encouraging good oral hygiene habits, ensuring that the child wears any required appliances as directed, and attending all scheduled appointments, parents in Rockwall can help their children achieve the best possible outcomes.

Additionally, parents can provide emotional support and encouragement throughout the treatment process, helping their children feel confident and comfortable with the changes happening in their mouths.

Embracing the Benefits of Early Orthodontic Care in Rockwall As the community of Rockwall continues to grow and thrive, more and more parents are recognizing the long-term benefits of early orthodontic care for their children. By seeking treatment at the optimal age, they are setting their children up for a lifetime of healthy, beautiful smiles.

Whether your child requires traditional braces, clear aligners, or specialized appliances, the experienced orthodontists in Rockwall are dedicated to providing personalized, compassionate care that addresses their unique needs and helps them reach their full potential.

Conclusion

Investing in early orthodontics for children care is a gift that keeps on giving for children in Rockwall. By addressing potential dental issues at a young age, parents can help their children avoid more complex problems in the future, while also boosting their oral health, functionality, and self-confidence.

As you embark on this journey with your child, remember that you are not alone. The dedicated orthodontic professionals in Rockwall are here to guide you every step of the way, ensuring that your child's smile reaches its full, beautiful potential.

[mergescreen]

How to Use Carplay Modules to Improve Your Driving Experience

Nowadays, we all rely on our smartphones for communication, information, entertainment, and navigation. Yet, when stepping into our cars, we often face a disconnect, switching between our phone's numerous functionalities and our car's limited infotainment system. CarPlay modules bridge this gap, seamlessly integrating your smartphone with your car, opening a world of possibilities behind the wheel. But for many, a question lingers: Are wireless CarPlay adapters safe? Concerns surrounding potential distractions and signal disruptions are valid, and choosing a reliable CarPlay module is crucial for a safe and enjoyable driving experience.

CarPlay, a popular Apple-developed car tech integration system, has revolutionized the way we interact with our vehicles, providing a seamless experience for iPhone users. However, for Android users, the world of CarPlay has remained largely inaccessible. Thankfully, with the advent of CarPlay modules, including those specifically designed for Android, a complete and safe integration with your car is now possible. These modules offer a range of features and functionalities that allow you to enjoy the benefits of CarPlay, regardless of your smartphone operating system.

Understanding CarPlay Modules

CarPlay modules enable the integration of CarPlay into a vehicle's infotainment system. They come in various configurations, each tailored to specific car models and offering a range of features. Some common features of CarPlay modules include:

Wireless connectivity:

Wireless CarPlay modules eliminate the need for cumbersome cables, providing a more seamless and convenient connection between your smartphone and the car's infotainment system.

Touchscreen display:

CarPlay modules typically feature a touchscreen display that allows you to control various functions, including navigation, music streaming, and phone calls.

Voice control:

Hands-free voice commands make controlling CarPlay even more convenient and safe while driving.

App compatibility:

CarPlay modules support a wide range of apps, including navigation, music streaming, communication tools, and more.

Installing CarPlay Modules: A Straightforward Process

Installing a CarPlay module is an easy process, It usually requires minimal technical help. Most modules are assisted with clear installation instructions and mounting brackets to ensure flawless integration into your car's dashboard. If you are uncomfortable with DIY installations, professional installation services are also readily available.

Maintaining CarPlay Modules for Optimal Performance

CarPlay modules require regular maintenance to ensure ultimate performance and longevity. Software updates are periodically available to improve compatibility with the latest smartphone systems, and introduce new features. Regular cleaning of the touchscreen and module components is also essential to maintain its functionality and aesthetic appeal.

Addressing Safety Concerns: Wireless CarPlay Adapters and Distracted Driving

One of the primary concerns surrounding CarPlay modules is their potential impact on distracted driving. While the hands-free features of CarPlay do minimize distractions, it is crucial to use them responsibly and avoid any activities that could divert your attention from the road. Wireless CarPlay adapters, in particular, have raised some safety concerns due to the possibility of signal interference or disconnection. However, reputable manufacturers employ advanced technologies to ensure stable connections and minimize the risk of disruptions. So, are wireless carplay adapters safe? Keep scrolling to know more.

CarPlay modules offer a transformative experience behind the wheel, enhancing safety, convenience, and connectivity like never before. However, choosing a reliable brand and understanding safe usage practices are crucial. By prioritizing reputable companies like Merge Screens, known for their rigorous testing and commitment to quality, you can ensure a safe and seamless CarPlay experience. Merge Screens prioritizes user safety and satisfaction, guaranteeing top-of-the-line wireless CarPlay adapters that are secure and reliable. Remember, safe driving is paramount, and utilizing the hands-free features responsibly is key. By harnessing the power of CarPlay modules, you can embrace a future of connected driving that is both convenient and safe, opening a world of possibilities on your journey.

Merge Screens: A Leader in CarPlay Innovation

Merge Screens has become a a leading provider of CarPlay modules, renowned for their innovative features, user-friendly interfaces, and exceptional customer support. Many tests take place to ensure compatibility with a wide range of car models, and show the real commitment to customer satisfaction that extends beyond the product. Merge Screens CarPlay modules offer seamless connectivity, intuitive controls, and a wide range of compatible apps, transforming your car into a hub of connectivity and convenience.

Enhancing Your Driving Experience with CarPlay Modules

CarPlay modules offer a multitude of benefits that can significantly enhance your driving experience, thus answering the question: are wireless carplay adapters safe?

Hands-free navigation:

Access real-time traffic updates, turn-by-turn directions, and voice prompts without taking your eyes off the road.

Music streaming:

Enjoy your favorite music, podcasts, and audiobooks without the need to fiddle with your phone.

Hands-free phone calls:

Stay connected with friends, family, and colleagues without compromising your driving focus.

Access to a vast array of apps:

Expand your in-car experience with a wide range of apps, from entertainment and news to productivity and travel.

Are wireless CarPlay adapters safe? The answer is yes when used responsibly and with caution. Reputable brands prioritize safety and implement stringent measures to ensure that their products do not pose any additional risks to drivers. Wireless CarPlay adapters offer a convenient and safe way to enhance your driving experience, providing seamless connectivity and hands-free control without compromising safety.

Conclusion: Embracing the Future of Connected Driving

CarPlay modules have revolutionized the way we interact with our vehicles, providing Android users with the same level of convenience and connectivity that CarPlay has brought to iPhone users. With their ease of installation, minimal maintenance requirements, and significant safety features, CarPlay modules offer a compelling solution for enhancing your driving experience. Merge Screens, a pioneer in CarPlay innovation, stands out as a trusted provider of high-quality CarPlay modules, empowering you to embrace the future of connected driving.

So, are wireless CarPlay adapters safe? With responsible use and a trusted brand like Merge Screens, the answer is a resounding yes. Embrace the cutting-edge technology of CarPlay modules and unlock a whole new level of connected driving, knowing that you are prioritizing safety and convenience on every journey.

FAQ's

1. Can my old car use a wireless CarPlay adapter?

Yes, most wireless CarPlay adapters are compatible with a wide range of car models, typically ranging from 2016 onwards. However, it's crucial to check the compatibility list for your specific model before purchasing a wireless CarPlay adapter.

2. Do wireless CarPlay adapters drain my phone's battery faster?

Yes, using a wireless CarPlay adapter will drain your phone's battery faster than using a wired connection. This is because the adapter needs to constantly transmit data using Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. To minimize battery drain, ensure your phone is fully charged before using a wireless CarPlay adapter, and consider carrying a power bank for longer journeys.

3. Do wireless CarPlay adapters cause lag or audio delays?

Reputable wireless CarPlay adapters typically utilize advanced technologies to minimize lag and audio delays. However, some factors like signal interference, outdated software, or a low-quality adapter can contribute to performance issues. If you experience lag or audio delays, try updating the software on your phone and adapter, checking for signal interference, and ensuring you have a reliable wireless CarPlay adapter.

4. Are wireless CarPlay adapters legal in all states?

The legality of using a wireless CarPlay adapter varies depending on your location. While most states and countries allow their use, some have restrictions or require hands-free operation while driving. It's important to check the local laws and regulations before using a wireless CarPlay adapter to avoid any legal consequences.

5. Should I choose a wireless or wired CarPlay adapter?

The choice between a wireless and wired CarPlay adapter depends on your individual needs and preferences. Wireless adapters offer convenience and a cable-free experience, while wired adapters generally provide better stability and lower latency. Consider factors like your car's compatibility, budget, and desired features when making your decision.

[optilightroofwindow-blog]

How you can Install a Skylight with your Roof or Attic Conversion, Factors and Suggestions

optilight roof window

Skylights

Now we have located a lot of means of introducing gentle into our homes and homes. These range from full conservatories produced from glass in a narrow framework, by way of customized created, atrium roofing sections, to smaller mounted or opening windows equipped into an existing roof.

Irrespective of the amount of light you wish indoors, it can be significant to grasp how you can go over it. Some skylights involve fairly affordable and small-scale installation function; other individuals require large-scale, tailored fabrication and structure operate. Whilst arranging permission is probably not needed, the work should comply with the setting up laws, so consult your community properties regulator.

A skylight is a wonderful method to enable heat, mild and air right into a place. The addition of roofing lights can correctly convert a roof into a grid working among the squares of sunshine.

Opening roof home windows address ventilation and daylight complications involved along with the ordinary making. Specially in the circumstance of attic conversions where by typical home windows usually are not a possibility, a gap skylight turns a roof cavity right into a helpful and pleasurable area.

Usually take into consideration ceiling geometry when you find yourself serious about skylights. Narrow designs running right down to the line in the eaves build the result of slots of light internally. When all the surfaces are plastered and painted, the skylight looks even more interesting.

Putting in a skylight

A skylight is actually a fantastic solution to let gentle and warmth into dreary rooms. Placing within a skylight, primarily if the form with the ceiling mimics the slope from the roof, is unquestionably not beyond the potential on the ordinary Diy hobbyist.

First, make a decision how massive a skylight you desire; two, three or 4 smaller sized windows may be much better than a substantial one particular. Talk about as a result of your requirements with manufacturers or suppliers. When it arrives, very carefully read the installation guidelines. Keep in mind that you're going to put a hole in your roof, which could allow in the rain if there is a hold up due to the fact you do not know exactly how the unit should really be equipped or you can find several sections lacking. Have tarpaulin and e ropes to hand, just in case.

Generate a considerable nail in to the ceiling in which the skylight would be to go. Carrying sneakers with fantastic grip is essential. Climb onto the roof and track down the specified placement and take away the roof slates. The skylight have to not interfere with a ceiling hanger or possibly a purlin.

Reduce the tiling battens and mark out the frame size that will hold the skylight. Cut the rafters and put in trimmers in compliance with all the manufacturer's directions. Watch out for just about any wiring or cables. Reduce absent the plaster by using a noticed and take the skylight from its box and take away the flashings and trims.

Mark the position from the skylight on the ceiling and ensure that just one aspect of it matches subsequent to some ceiling joist. Generate a significant nail by way of its center. Get rid of the tiles and maintain them within reach. Slash the battens by using a circular saw or possibly a handsaw and after that minimize the rafters till they are really trimmed the right way. Body joints has to be properly nailed - make use of a bare minimum of 4 ninety mm nails in each and every scenario.

Just before sawing the hole during the plasterboard, lower deeply to the sheet from beneath which has a knife. This could reduce the likelihood of your lining paper tearing. If you've got manufactured the opening the correct dimensions, the brackets with the sides of the skylight ought to stand over the framing associates.

Stand the body while in the proposed situation and take care of it to your rafters and trimmers applying brackets which really should be delivered. It needs to be level through the roof at both finishes.

In good shape the underside flashing, bending it to adhere to the contours from the tiles. Healthy the aspect flashings, the highest flashing etc. Refit the tiles within the skylight. You could use tile cutters or a carborundum wheel set inside your circular observed for this. (In case the latter is utilised, ensure that you don goggles and long protecting garments.) If you've followed the methods effectively, the home beneath will never develop into water weakened. Examine the manufacturer's pointers cautiously, then posture the roof window and, immediately after double examining it really is appropriate, quickly repair it to 1 with the rafters.

Make use of a spirit stage to check which the skylight is flat. Whether it is not, pack it up around the reduced side and after that, applying screws or nails, fasten it tightly into position.

The flashings are very critical, they can be there to halt leaks and h2o hurt building involving the skylight and also the roof covering. They must be put in accurately and without the need of destruction. If you find yourself fitting the flashings to your roof slates, a wood block can be used for beating the metal into place. Do this until finally it suits the contours of your slates specifically. When fitting the side and best flashings, commence very carefully. Look at just about every action.

The final step for the exterior would be to replace the roof slates. This can contain reducing. When the work is finished, be certain to apparent absent many of the particles that can block the downpipes. Evaluate the uncovered area involving the sting of your skylight and the ceiling and slash the plasterboard to go well with. Nail the plasterboard in to put, employing plasterboard nails. Metallic corner angle joints strengthen the sign up for and give a precise line to operate on when you are plastering. Slice them by using a hacksaw and nail them in position. Utilizing a mortar trowel, utilize the cement in independent levels, every one finding broader and wider. Guantee that you easy each with the joints away to very little.

Plastering

Evaluate and mark the sections as expected. Make sure the highest side (unmarked) faces outwards. Using a sharp knife, reduce deeply along the sting. Change the board in excess of and, holding one particular aspect inside your hand, give the sheet a thump with the fist. This should trigger the sheet to bend and crack. Employing a sharp knife, slash together the sting on the back in the sheet. This could make sure the lining paper will not get ripped. Reduce and fix plasterboard within the skylight. Reduce and correct the metallic angles that bolster the corners. Plaster the corners. Sand, dry, primary and paint them.

Occupation carried out!

References Window https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window

[jessicagoldner-blog]

Side Effects of Smoking

Cigarette smoking is assumed, especially by teenagers, to be harmless and no addictive. Most cigarette consumers do not believe that it has adverse immediate effects on one’s health, as well as it can easily become a tough habit to drop. There are two types of smokers, active and passive. While the active smoker suffers more from these smoke-related consequences, involuntary exposure to tobacco likewise causes a health risk to victims. The habit of smoking adversely affects the respiratory, immune, cardiovascular, metabolic and gastrointestinal systems, as well as the brain,. As a rule, these effects are immediate, but most of them do not trigger obvious symptoms instantly. However, the cigarette has irreversible effects that may culminate in serious medical conditions and health defects. This paper examines all the known effects of smoking and their resultant consequences on the human body systems.

Among the most ignored effects of smoking, especially amongst young people, is an addiction. Most young people do not believe that smoking can create a heavy dependency syndrome within a short time. The latest research has shown that substantial symptoms of addiction usually appear among youths within a few weeks or even days after they try out smoking for the first time. These symptoms may include having strong urges to smoke, feeling anxious and unusually irritable, or failing to quit smoking. In addition, studies have shown that at least 90% of regular smokers in their youth get considerably strong cravings, while over 70% of them have already attempted to quit smoking, but eventually failed.

Continued exposure to tobacco leads to stress. There are a number of things that result from smoking but have not been acknowledged by smokers. Smoking does nothing to alleviate stress, in fact, it increases it. The reason for the assumption that it reduces stress is that smokers usually fall back into their previous stress less state, soon after the smoke wears out.

Smoking affects brain performance. Smokers have a smaller number of dopamine receptors. Initially, smoking increases these receptors to give the smoker a sense of pleasure. However, upon the frequent use, receptors are reduced to create dangerously high levels of cravings and dependency. This alteration in brain chemistry may also affect other functions of the brain like intelligence and memory. Cigarette smoking causes a medical condition called bronchospasm. This refers to tightened air passages, and it results in the difficulty in breathing, as well as, irritability in passages of the lungs. The air is forced in and out, thus, damaging the wall lining. This creates a wheezing effect, similar to that of an Asthma patient. The common symptoms for this condition are, therefore, wheezing in nonasthmatics and the difficulty and pain during breathing.

Smoke deposits are considered as irritants in the lungs, and to get rid of them, human bodies induce coughing. Smokers persistently have these irritants, thus, they persistently cough in a bid to remove them. This is the only way to reduce the harmful constituents of smoke in the lungs; therefore, a smoker without the cough is likely to suffer more and much sooner from the effects of smoking than the one, who coughs. This cough is, however, irritating and not good for the airways.

Smoking limits breathing, yet the physical performance requires more oxygen to be transported to the muscles as well as the heart. This implies that a smoker is less likely to carry out a strenuous physical activity successfully compared to a nonsmoker. In addition, among adolescents, it may result in a stagnated growth of respiratory organs, like the lungs, thus resulting in a limited future potential.

Tobacco smoking causes atherosclerosis. This is a condition, in which the walls of arteries are lined with ‘plaques’ formed of fat and cholesterol. Once in the bloodstream, nicotine and other toxins damage the walls and facilitate a faster formation and sticking of these ‘plaques’; thus, smoking accelerates atherosclerosis.

Some toxic components of smoke result in abnormal clotting abilities due to the high levels of thrombin in their blood systems. Thrombosis is a condition of blood clotting within the vessels, hence creating a blockage and preventing the blood from reaching some parts of the body. This may also result in a heart attack, as well as sudden death. By altering the body chemistry, smoking may cause a vassal constriction, thus resulting in a stroke or heart attack, especially among those with thrombosis, atherosclerosis, asthma or sickle cells.

Scientists have proven that the higher the nicotine consumption, the higher the resting heart rate. Moreover, a heart that works too hard is likely to wear out much faster. A heart attack or stroke is, thus, more likely in a young smoker. By increasing the blood pressure, smoking requires the heart to pump faster and harder so as to counter the pressure. This is also most likely to result in a stroke or heart attack since the heart will get worn out much faster than in nonsmokers.

Smoking induces the excessive production of mucus in the lungs but inhibits the same in the stomach. This leaves the stomach walls exposed to acids, thus resulting in self digested holes within the muscle layers of the digestive system. If untreated, these holes become peptic ulcers and are quite difficult to heal, given that tobacco hinders the effective wound healing mechanisms.

Furthermore, smoking results in the gum inflammation, tooth decay, and other mouth infections, since it alters the blood supply, immune responses and healing capabilities of the mouth. Smokers generally have an unpleasant smell that spreads into their clothes and immediate surroundings, as well. Other than just bad breath, they also suffer a strong body odor that most people consider repulsive. Sinuses warm and moisturize the air as inhaled before it enters the respiratory system. They clear unwanted particles and prevent the mucus from building up. Smoking slows or stops these processes, thus resulting in infections and irritations that are manifested through headaches, facial pain, tenderness, swelling, fever, cough, runny nose, sore throat, bad breath, and a decreased sense of smell. Altered body mechanisms result in an inability to effectively absorb vital nutrients into the body system, thus creating deficiency disorders in young passive smokers, as well as minor active smokers.

Smoking also affects one’s responsiveness to medicines. Naturally, medicines are broken down by enzymes before being assimilated into the body to perform their specified corrective functions. Any factor that affects drug metabolism affects the drug’s function, as well. Smoking interferes with a number of medicines given that the constituents of the tobacco smoke accelerate the breakdown of some antidepressants, blood-thinners, and anti-seizure medications, while it also leads to decreasing of the effectiveness of certain medicines, namely painkillers, asthma, heart and ulcer medicines, as well as sedatives. Oxidative damage, otitis media, rhinitis, and pneumonia are other possible consequences of smoking that affect both passive and active smokers but are more severe in young passive and minor active smokers.

While most of the effects of smoking can be mitigated by quitting early, some effects are irreversible and result in permanent organ damage. Thus, while advising smokers to quit, it is essential to emphasize that they also need a medical examination to determine the extent of damage to their body systems. Smoking generally results in higher death rates among young and supposedly healthy persons, with an alarmingly high number of premature strokes and heart attacks in this otherwise resilient and resistant age bracket.

More interesting ideas and article check on https://bestessaywriters.org/. 

[bestorthodonticsservice]

Orthodontics Services

If you're considering Orthodontics services, you should know that there are several kinds of malocclusions, including overbite, underbite, and crossbite. These are conditions where the teeth are not aligned properly, causing difficulty in eating and talking. If your malocclusion is severe, you might need braces or a full orthodontic treatment to correct the problem. A specialist may recommend treatment to correct jaw imbalances and straighten your teeth. Here's a good read about Ello Orthodontics, check it out!

A fixed appliance is the most common orthodontic device. It is often used when precision is essential. It can be worn with a normal diet, but you must avoid carbonated beverages, gum, and sticky foods. Special gum shields may also be required, particularly if you participate in contact sports. This type of appliance consists of brackets, wires, and bands that attach to your front teeth. It is important to brush and floss regularly while wearing a fixed appliance, so you don't risk damaging the appliance. To gather more awesome ideas on Ello Orthodontics, click here to get started.

Early orthodontic treatment may also include the removal of baby teeth. This helps the permanent teeth to erupt properly. Your dentist will carefully time the extraction of baby teeth so that they don't interfere with the growth of the permanent teeth. Orthodontic specialists use a variety of tools and techniques to ensure the teeth are aligned properly. You may even need palatal expanders if you're experiencing crowding. In addition, you may need removable aligners after getting braces.

Early orthodontic services, or phase one, are essential for proper development of a child's jaws. The process of orthodontic treatment may help a child avoid trauma and potentially more complicated problems later on. Early treatment can save your child from surgery or painful treatments that will result in a permanent set of teeth. It also helps them function properly and avoid the need for extractions as adults. Orthodontics services are extremely important for your child's health and appearance, and they can be done with less expensive, simpler techniques.

You will be provided with a diagnostic record that includes bite impressions, panoramic x-rays, and images of the jaw joints. In some cases, teeth may need to be extracted if they are too crowded in the mouth. Your dentist may also use fixed appliances to move the teeth into their correct alignment.

While it can be challenging to find a dentist who offers orthodontic services, general dentists are an excellent source of referrals. While general dentists can provide basic orthodontic services, they can refer you to a specialist for more complex treatment. If you're interested in orthodontic services for your child, you can visit our Find Your Dentist page. If your child is still young, your family dentist should recommend seeing an orthodontist before the age of seven.

Many people need orthodontic treatment if they are unhappy with their smile. Many of these individuals are born with straight teeth, but this is not always the case. Sometimes, orthodontic treatment is necessary to correct problems with overcrowding, overbites, or jaw gaps. Moreover, it may also address functional and cosmetic issues caused by skeletal discrepancies between the upper and lower jaws. A dentist with extensive knowledge of orthodontics can help you get the smile of your dreams. Kindly visit this website https://www.britannica.com/science/orthodontics for more useful reference.

[droneseco]

The DDPai Mini5 Dash Cam Review: 4K Video, Convenient Onboard Storage, Terrible Audio

Mini5

8.00 / 10

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See on amazon

Despite a few glaring flaws, the 4K Mini5 from DDPai is still a pretty decent dashcam pick. 

  Key Features

Capacitor power

4K UHD resolution

Wide 140-degree field of view

Realcube color technology

64 GB eMMC onboard storage

Wide F1.8 aperture

6-axis gyro sensor with impact detection

H.265 hardware encoding, HiSilicon processor

8 MP CMOS Sony IMX415 sensor

GPS

Onboard ADAS

Parking mode

SR2.0 augmented reality

Specifications

Number of Cameras: 1

Front Camera Resolution: 3840x2160

Field of View: 140-degrees

Emergency Power: No

Brand: DDPai

Pros

Crisp 4K UHD footage

Discrete size

Removeable

Can be hardwired

Simple install

Loop recording

Cons

Excessive noise in low-light footage

Recorded sound quality is laughably bad

Frequent false alerts from ADAS system

App needs work

If onboard storage fails camera will need to be replaced

Banding/distortion in parts of the image

Potential to overheat

Buy This Product

Mini5 amazon

Shop

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One of the best ways to protect yourself from traffic tickets, insurance fraud, and terrible drivers is to install a dashcam into your vehicle. Dash cameras can record road rage, help you keep tabs on your teenager's driving habits, or even document exciting road trips. Adding this simple device can also help you capture evidence of who's at fault if you're in an accident.

The newest dashboard camera from DDPai, the Mini5, offers the ability to record your commute in ultra-high definition 4K and features both 5GHz Wi-Fi and eMMC built-in storage. But is this the right dashcam for you? Today, we're test-driving the Mini5 to determine if it can take the checkered flag in the race for the best 4k dashboard camera.

Meet The DDPai Mini5

The Mini5 is a screen-less dash cam that records in 4k UHD. It offers 64 GB of built-in eMMC storage, uses Realcube image technology for bright, detailed images, and boasts a Sony IMX415 (8MP) image sensor. It's currently available on Amazon for $139.

The Mini5 also includes an advanced driver-assistance system (ADAS) with lane-assist, pedestrian detection, takeoff reminders, and collision avoidance. DDPai also states that its SR2.0 system allows viewing of real-time driving data. We're going to explore these features in-depth, but first, let talk about technical specifications.

Technical Specifications

All technical specifications were obtained directly from the DDPai website.

CPU: H.265 hardware encoding, HiSilicon processor

Wi-fi: 5 GHz

G-Sensor: Built-in 6-axis gyro sensor with motion locking and adjustable sensitivity

Storage: Built-in eMMC high-speed flash memory of 64GB (non-removable)

Loop recording: Yes

GPS: Yes

Video output: Wireless support including both Android and iOS devices (Can also access videos as a hard drive)

Lens: 140 degree wide-angle lens at f1.8

Image sensor: 8MP CMOS Sensor (Sony IMX415)

Image resolution: 3840x2160

RAM: 4 GB

Optimal Temperature Range: -4F - 158F (-20C - 70C)

What’s in the Box?

In the package for the Mini5, you'll get:

Dashcam unit

Mounting bracket

Power cable

12V USB charging plug

User guide

Installation tool

Additional 3M adhesive pad

Two Static Cling Films

Included in the test unit that DDPai sent to us was a hardwire installation kit that included three different types of wiring harness. These harnesses used different fuses and a length of cable to connect to the camera. We chose not to use this harness but wanted to mention that DDPai was kind enough to include it as part of our demo.

Note on hardwiring this dashboard camera: as an automotive industry insider, I can confidently tell you that externally wiring accessories into your fuse box or OBDII port can have some potentially damaging effects on the electrical system of your car.

Whenever possible, I always recommend that external accessories are kept separate from your vehicle's internal wiring. Additionally, if your car is still under manufacturer warranty you, should check with your dealer before hardwiring anything to ensure it won't negate your automobile's warranty.

Let's Install the Mini5 Dashboard Camera

The installation of this unit is easy out of the box. Simply choose a spot you'd like to place the camera, give the area a quick wipe down, remove the 3M adhesive, and stick the camera's mounting bracket to the windshield.

If you'd like, you can also use the included static films between the adhesive and the windshield to make removal easier. The mounting bracket has a slight tilt function to accommodate different windshield angles. The bracket holds the camera in place magnetically, which means you can remove it from the windshield if you're worried about someone swiping it.

Routing the wire for the camera was also easy, and the included installation tool made quick work of hiding the wires under the headliner, down the a-pillars, and under the dash. When finished, about a foot of wiring was left that I just stuffed behind a plastic panel to keep it out of the way. While there aren't any cable clips included for this unit, this doesn't limit the installation as long as you are conscious of where you're mounting the camera.

You also want to consider whether or not your vehicle has built-in ADAS before installation. If you have ADAS, check your vehicle's owner's manual to make sure you install the Mini5 in a spot where it won't interfere with the onboard system.

Once I plugged the Mini5 in and started the car, the camera greeted me with an enthusiastic "Hello, Ding Ding Pai!" before the light on the unit turned blue to indicate it was recording.

As mentioned above, there is the option to hardwire the Mini5 into the car as well. Doing so will allow you to monitor what's happening outside your vehicle while you're parked. Because I garage my vehicle, I felt that this feature wasn't worth tapping into the vehicle's fuse box. Instead, I plugged the Mini5 directly into the 12v power socket.

Key Features of the Mini5

The Mini5 offers an LED on the rear of the camera that will blink green if there is an issue with the unit's storage. Assuming the unit is in an area where you can easily see the LED, this should be all that you need to determine if the camera is working correctly.

For the Mini5, we think this is a great feature. If something goes wrong with your dashcam, it's always better to know about it before an accident occurs. The ability to see an indication of malfunction without opening the app is a massive plus for the Mini5.

Another feature that is worth noting is the built-in loop recording function. This function means you won't have to miss recording because your storage is full. In this case, the Mini5 will continue to overwrite the oldest video in favor of a more recent one. That means you don't have to bother with formatting SD cards or with swapping them out when one fills up.

While we're on the topic of storage, this unit uses 64 GB of eMMC memory for storage. This type of memory means that the transfer of videos to the internal storage is lightning fast compared to TF cards, but it also means that you don't have a way to repair storage that becomes corrupt. If the storage on this camera fails, then you'll be buying a whole new unit.

The Mini5 has a supercapacitor to power the device, and the camera can handle temperatures of -4F up to 158F. So even in extreme environments, the camera shouldn't complain. For folks like me, who live in New England, this is important. On the other hand, I have seen temps drop into the negative double digits here, so this might not be the best bet for frigid environments.

As for the sensor, the Mini5 sports an 8MP CMOS Sony IMX415. Sony's sensors are well-respected in the realm of dashboard cameras, and this sensor offers superb image reproduction with bright and reasonably accurate—though slightly over-saturated—colors.

The camera uses DDPai's Realcube color box technology and algorithm models for image processing. This technology offers a sharper focus and allows greater detail for reading things like road signs and license plates when reviewing footage.

The lens on this unit offers a 140-degree viewing angle and an f/1.8 aperture. The wide aperture means the camera can take in more light at night or in low-light environments.

The wide-angle is also great for getting a good look at the area surrounding your vehicle, so you don't lose critical contextual details if you wind up in a fender-bender. The lens on this unit is pretty sharp, though there is noticeable barrel distortion—that fisheye effect—toward the edges. But, with such a wide field of view, this isn't unexpected.

Finally, the Mini5 also takes advantage of SR2.0 (Sensor Reality), an augmented reality interface that allows access to real-time data like speed, turn, incline, decline, and lane change data. The camera uses an included high-precision 6-axis gyroscope sensor to generate this data.

This sensor also instructs the camera to take a snapshot if it senses an impact and sensitivity is adjustable. SR2.0 is a pretty neat feature, and it's nice to have access to that data within the video interface in case you're forced to answer questions like "do you know how fast you were going?"

Related: What is Spotify's Car Thing and How Does it Work? 

Daytime and Nighttime Image Quality Testing With the Mini5

We wanted to test this unit both in the daytime and at night to determine if camera performance would suffer in low light. The performance of this unit was outstanding during the day, and both video and stills were decently sharp. It was easy to make out license plates and road signs when stopped. When in motion, the camera blurred the details a bit, but this is something that my research has shown to be common with most dash cams, regardless of manufacturer. Even the best quality dashboard camera and lens aren't going to be tack-sharp when moving 20 MPH or more.

As for low-light performance, the Mini5 did a decent job, though brightly lit street signs seemed to get blown out. There was also significant lens flare on passing street lights and headlights. It wasn't horrendous, but it was noticeable during playback. While it seems like the sensor on the Mini5 operates best in higher light situations, the low-light performance is good enough, though not mind-blowing. Additionally, to my eye, the barrel distortion is slightly more noticeable at night.

I should also mention that the camera breaks up recordings into 60-second intervals when directly accessing the device. You can extend this to 3 minutes by using the app.

Audio Recording and Alerts

This area is one where the Mini5 is seriously lacking. To us, audio recording is not as crucial in dashboard cameras, and some states won't let you record others without their consent (check your local laws), so this isn't much of an issue. Regardless, the audio recording feature of this camera is horrible.

Playback sounds like it was recorded while someone was trying to smother the driver with a damp blanket. Even at high volumes, the audio was muddy and almost useless. My advice in this department is to turn the audio recording function off and not bother with it unless it's an absolute emergency.

In addition to that, the alert functions of the Mini5 should also be disabled. The ADAS system constantly spouts phrases like "front car launching" and "too close to front car," even if you're operating your vehicle safely. At first, these alerts are amusing, but after about ten miles, the novelty has worn off, and notifications become annoying.

Related: The Aivo Connect is A Superb Way to Bring Alexa Into Your Car

The DDPai App

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Like most connected devices these days, the DDPai Mini5 has an app that is the primary means of control. To initiate the app, you power on the camera, then connect to its Wi-Fi via your phone's settings. From there, you can explore the Mini5's settings, as well as watch a live video feed. The app also has a community where DDPai camera users can share video footage and interact.

As for the app here, there were several problems using it. First was the fact that it would not establish a consistent connection to the camera. It usually took two or three tries before the app would allow you to enter the settings or the video feed. On occasion, the unit would drop the connection entirely. The whole app experience felt surprisingly unpolished for such an expensive unit, though this may change as DDPai upgrades.

The only practical purpose of this app, for me at least, was to change the Mini5's settings. Once you set everything up the way you like it, though, it's almost easier to remove the camera from your vehicle and connect it to your computer when you'd like to monitor footage.

Download: DDPai for iOS | Android (Free)

Is the Mini5 Dash Cam Worth It?

There is a lot about the Mini5 that warrants consideration if you're in the market for a dashboard camera. If you turn the alerts and ADAS system off, this camera provides a hassle-free way of keeping track of your commute. You plug it in and let it record.

Removability is another excellent feature of the Mini5. It's small enough to fit in a purse or pocket if you're not comfortable leaving it mounted to your windshield. It's also quick to reinstall once you're back in the car.

The loop recording is also helpful, and it's nice not to worry about swapping out memory cards. This camera will be a solid pick for those users who prefer to be hands-off with their in-car electronics.

Image quality is also above average, letting you see tiny details that might be important if you're in an accident or need to fight a traffic ticket. Additionally, the camera is small enough that it doesn't attract much attention.

Finally, the installation was a breeze, and the two ways to power this camera are nice if you need options or only have one 12V power socket.

What's Not to Love?

There are three main gripes that I have with this camera. The first is sound. Recording playback is painful, and the ADAS and alerts systems aren't very useful in their current state. While lane departure and collision detection are essential to some people, most modern vehicles have these features already built-in. The numerous false alerts from the ADAS system of the Mini5 were also relatively obnoxious after a bit, so turning off the speaking aspects of this unit is advisable.

My second concern is the app interface. This app needs some significant work to feel user-friendly. The camera fails to connect half of the time, despite the strong Wi-Fi signal, and sometimes the camera's wireless network isn't even broadcast.

The DDPai app is probably one of the worst apps I've seen for any electronic device in recent years. The rating on the iOS app store is a scant two stars, and the rating on the Google Play store is only one star higher.

Finally, I see the built-in storage as a potential problem here. Because this is non-removable storage, if it fails, then the entire camera will need to be replaced.

Can You Repair the Mini5?

This unit is not repairable. When it stops working, you'll have to buy another one. DDPai offers a one-year warranty against any manufacturer defects.

Should You Buy the Mini5 by DDPai

For folks looking to buy a mid-tier 4K UHD dashboard camera, the Mini5 will scratch the itch. It's a decent unit with some great features. If you don't need onboard audio for your recordings, then you'll do just fine with this unit.

Also, if you don't mind connecting the camera to your computer to download footage, then the Mini5 will serve your needs well. It does what a dashboard camera is supposed to do—records excellent-looking video that will keep people honest.

But, if you're looking for a solid app interface, removable storage, and audio that doesn't sound like it was recorded underwater, then the DDPai Mini5 isn't for you. In that case, other options on the market demonstrate better quality at only a slightly higher price.

Overall, the Mini5 gets the job done, and without audio cues enabled, you can forget it's there. While this might sound like a bad thing, a dashboard camera should be unobtrusive. It shouldn't be so noticeable you think about it every time you look out the windshield. At this feat, the Mini5 excels. It disappears until you need it, and that is probably my favorite feature.

The DDPai Mini5 Dash Cam Review: 4K Video, Convenient Onboard Storage, Terrible Audio published first on http://droneseco.tumblr.com/

[tehlaen]

Day 8: “Magnetic Interference” (Morality)

Day 8 of the 30 Day Star Wars OC Challenge from @smuggler-captain that I’m doing with @lessdenied! Previous posts are tagged with #30dayswchallenge.

This is a bit of a deviation from the listed thing; the prompt for Day 8 is “Morality,” but I already touched on that a fair amount in previous entries. Instead, I decided to share a bit of fic that show-don’t-tells Teh’s morality in action. 

(Also, I’m a day late and possibly a little rambly, thanks to the mind-fogging effects of head colds and the cold meds meant to make them bearable. So, ya know, be kind!)

The system didn’t even have a name, so far as Teh’laen could recall. Just a seemingly random sequence of letters and numbers that some bored surveyor had assigned it before hurrying to put the unremarkable collection of mostly stationary rocks behind them. Pretty much described every spacer’s feelings on it, she reflected. It was conveniently located just off the major hyperlanes that connected Hutt Space and the portions of the Galaxy still occupied by the reeling Sith Empire. Aside from its location and a seemingly endless supply of asteroids full of useful, if common, minerals, it had absolutely nothing else to recommend it. Ships dropped out of hyperspace, fueled up and resupplied, then put the ugly little system out of sight and out of mind.

Teh’laen hated it, but it was a reliable source of income for her, so once again, she found herself cruising through at a leisurely pace, one eye fixed on the long-range sensors. A couple of passenger liners. Tiny mining pods and their motherships—some belonging to conglomerates, others operated by wildcat miners. A heavy cargo hauler looked promising at first; she swung around, paralleling the transport at a distance that could be considered mildly suspicious, but not outright hostile.

“Essix, peek in the window; let’s see if they’re carrying anything good.”

The droid toodled an acknowledgement and went to work. The comm panel lit up as Essix, through the subspace array, spat out an electronic handshake. The other ship’s transponder answered automatically; unless the crew was particularly astute, they probably wouldn’t even have noticed that their ship’s computers were being pinged. Essix used the handshake to piggyback on the signal to slice into the ship’s mainframe.

Teh had paid out the nose for Essix’s slicing module—top-of-the-line, military-grade, the kind of thing that made planetary governments both envious and deeply uneasy. It had cost a small fortune, but it’d proven a worthy investment time and again. (And, if she was being honest, she couldn’t say no to Essix and adored spoiling the little rustbucket.) Bypassing the cargo ship’s firewall was child’s play, and data began streaming across a secondary monitor as Essix plundered their quarry’s files.

Teh’s lips curled down in a frown. Agricultural products, medical supplies, some heavy construction equipment and prefab structures...Its manifest was chock full of goods that were neither especially portable nor valuable, and certainly not at the ratio necessary to justify the risk and effort… or, for that matter, the ethical implications of stealing food, medicine and building supplies from people who probably needed it.

With a sigh, Teh’laen peeled off, increasing speed to clear the hauler’s comfort zone. If she wasn’t going to steal from them, there was no reason to hang out uncomfortably close and make the crew nervous.

Her wandering flightpath took her through the farther reaches of the system--close enough to scan ships dropping out of hyperspace, but not so close she had to worry about getting run over by some mega-transport like an insect on a speeder’s windscreen.

Her control board lit up and Essix bleated a warning; another ship apparently had had the same idea as she had and was prowling the vicinity.

Active scans, but no intrusion. Good.

Since they’d already been rude enough to hit the Yime’Dizoh with active scans--the spacecraft equivalent  of bracketing her with a spotlight and scrutinizing her with macrobinoculars--she felt no compunction against returning the favor.

A three-dimensional mockup of the other craft sprang into existence, the results of her scans highlighted with orange and red arrows. Heavy weapons, reinforced shields, plenty of cargo capacity… She had a sinking feeling in her gut, and a glance at the ship’s registry confirmed it: It belonged to the Labor Alliance, the largest consortium of slavers in this region of space.

Both Teh’laen and the slavers altered their course in an unspoken, apparently mutual decision to leave each other be. Under other circumstances, this sort of detente could have been construed as professional courtesy; on those occasions when she and another thief had bumped into one another while targeting the same mark (a situation that occurred more often than one might think), they almost always came to a similar arrangement and went their separate ways.

By now, the slavers would have had time to make their own assessment of Teh’laen’s ship and its decidedly atypical outfitting, and they had likely come to the (accurate) conclusion that she was a pirate, engaged in similar activities to theirs. She suspected that they let her be as part of that unspoken professional courtesy... In the Twi’lek’s experience, slavers often saw themselves as pirates specializing in a very particular commodity; their counterparts rarely appreciated the comparison, and Teh was most definitely among those who resented any such equivalence. Thief, sure; slaver, never.

On Teh’s part, at least, the decision not to attack was purely pragmatic; she relished the idea of erasing a few slavers from existence. But the two ships were probably evenly matched, which made the potential conflict decidedly not to her liking.

“Essix, keep an eye on them; lemme know if they do anything interesting.”

The droid chirped an affirmative, and a little halo surrounded its blip on her sensor readout as Essix tagged it.

Another ship dropped out of hyperspace and Teh glanced at the sensor readout. What she saw elicited a grimace: a decrepit medium freighter, with weak shields and engines that looked to have been cobbled together in a junkyard.

“Faithful of Bezhil, huh? I dunno what a ‘Bezhil’ is.” She glanced at Essix questioningly, and the droid chirped in agreement. He, apparently, had no idea either. “Alright, this is almost certainly a waste of time, but check it anyway.”

Essix repeated his feat, slicing into the Faithful of Bezhil’s computers effortlessly. The manifest scrolled across her screen; as expected, nothing but passengers.

“I’m going to assume that they’re not passengers worth robbing,” Teh said dryly as she looked at Essix. “Nobody would choose to travel on that piece of junk if they could afford not to.”

A strobing flash out of the corner of her eye drew her attention to the sensor readout; the icon representing the slaver ship had changed course and was set to intercept the Faithful.

Oh, shit.

Teh’laen chewed on her bottom lip as the slavers came up on their target’s stern and roared past with barely five hundred meters separating them. The pilot of the passenger ship goosed the throttle, and it lurched forward. Even an idiot could tell that there was no way the Faithful could outrun the slavers; even with its burst of speed, it crawled like a drunken Hutt in comparison to the raider that had it in its sights.

The slaver vessel pulled up in a lazy loop, then dove at the passenger ship, laser cannons blazing. Hard light chewed through the weak shields like a blowtorch through butter.

“Unidentified ship, this is the passenger ship Faithful of Bezhil!” Teh cursed as the panicked shout of the transport’s pilot blared through her earpiece. “Please, we are unarmed, break off your attack!”

Unsurprisingly, their pleas did not have the desired effect; a second strafing run, this time with ion cannons, left the transport drifting, its vital systems disabled or destroyed. Its subspace comm array, at least, was still functional: “I repeat, we are unarmed! We are transporting religious pilgrims on a holy voyage, we have no valuables to steal!”

Teh’laen glanced at her comm panel. The stricken vessel was broadcasting on an open channel--either because the pilot had flailed at their console in a panic, or as a calculated ploy to beg assistance from any vessels within comm range.

If they’re betting on charity in this part of space, they are sadly mistaken, Teh’laen thought to herself. And yet…

She sighed and brought the Yime’Dizoh around in a lazy loop. Essix trilled a question at her, and she didn’t bother glancing over as she answered. “Yeah, I know. Just be ready.”

With its shields and engines disabled, the pilgrims’ ship floated, helpless, as the slavers grappled and docked at the port airlock. Teh kept her eyes on the controls and the holographic mockup of the slaver ship and steadfastly refused to contemplate what was happening aboard the Faithful.

The Yime’Dizoh orbited the two joined vessels, just out of weapons range of the slaver ship.  Coupled to its quarry like this, it couldn’t bring most of its armament to bear even if Teh’laen’s vessel was in range, though a couple of turrets tracked her as she flew past.

Her scanners swept the attackers and she started to formulate a plan of attack. Slavers were a predictable bunch, and this crew was apparently no different. The raider’s shields and weaponry were top of the line, but the people making the purchasing decisions didn’t bother to consider less straightforward angles of attack. The ship’s electronic-warfare and countermeasures suite was hopelessly, hilariously outdated by modern standards.

Teh’laen’s lips parted in a predatory grin, baring gleaming, sharply pointed teeth. “Essix? Let’s have some fun.”

As expected, Teh’laen and Essix quite enjoyed what followed, and the slavers--likewise according to Teh’s expectations--most definitely did not. With the Yime’Dizoh docked to the Faithful’s starboard airlock and thus shielded from the slavers’ weapons by the transport’s bulk, and with unfettered access to the slavers’ electronic systems, the confrontation was over in a matter of minutes.

Seated in her ship’s lounge, booted feet kicked up on the holotable and munching contentedly on a slice of beto melon she’d found in the galley, Teh’laen’s fingers flicked casually over the simulated control panel that Essix projected for her. Opening and closing the correct blast doors in the correct sequence shot most of the slavers out into vacuum before they even realized what was happening. By the time a couple of the brighter slavers--contradiction in terms, that--caught on, they were cut off from their ship. One grabbed a hostage, hauling him by his long, braided hair through the corridors, trusting that his unseen assailant wouldn’t space both attacker and victim. Which, Teh had to admit, was true.

That said, she reflected, if one were counting on a hostage to save one’s life, best to keep that hostage close and not drag them along a corridor with one’s arm outstretched. Particularly when a slicer had control of the blast doors and hatchways.

When she’d finished, the only trace of the slavers still aboard the pilgrim ship was a length of the late hostage-taker’s arm, severed just above the elbow. The hostage was having a fit; but, she thought to herself, better to be having a fit on this side of the airlock.

Teh’laen rose to feet, double-checking the charge on her blaster as she strolled to her ship’s airlock. “C’mon, Essix, let’s go clean up.”

The droid toodled at her derisively and she smirked. “Not literally. These poor fools want the blood mopped up, they can do it themselves.”

The Faithful of Bezhil was a mess. Passengers from more than a dozen different species sat, slumped or lay about in varying states of distress. Their clothes were rough, almost certainly hand-made, and their possessions were few and strictly of sentimental value.

“Vow of poverty, I guess,” she remarked dryly to no one in particular as she picked her way carefully among the pilgrims. They looked up at her with expressions ranging from guarded optimism to gratitude to mortal terror to near reverence, and it was the last that she found most discomfiting.

None of them had any symbols indicating rank, and since their clothes were uniformly shabby, she couldn’t even rely on the otherwise universal rule of “better clothes, higher status.”

She sighed and opened her arms, careful not to accidentally point the blaster held loosely in her right hand at any of the already traumatized passengers. “Anybody want to tell me who’s in charge or what the hell’s going on here?”

Faces turned in the direction of an old Zabrak, the tattoos on his face faded with age and the horns atop his head weathered and chipped. He gave Teh’laen a warm smile and stepped forward, holding out both of his hands to take hers.

She didn’t oblige, instead planting her left hand on her hip and letting her right arm dangle by her side, blaster pointed at the floor. “You in charge?” she asked coolly, one eyebrow arched.

He smiled and Teh’laen’s eyes tightened. “Our deity, the Great Consciousness Bezhil, is who’s ‘in charge’ here, Captain, as They are in all aspects of our lives.”

Fucking great. A sermon. No good deed, huh?

Teh’laen holstered her weapon with perhaps more force than was necessary and crossed her arms over her chest. “Fantastic. So can I talk to Bezhil? Or is there someone a little more corporeal that I can have a little chat with.”

A startled murmur rose from the Zabrak’s congregation and Teh set her jaw. Showing more sense than she would have thought, he bowed his head politely. “I suppose that would be me. My name is Hagen and I lead this group of adherents.”

Teh’laen glanced about, scanning faces, then returned her gaze to Hagen. “Okay. That answers my first question. My second question, though, still stands.”

The beneficent smile on the old man’s lips faded somewhat. “I apologize, Captain. What question was that?”

She sighed heavily. “What the hell is going on here? More to the point, what the hell were you thinking, traipsing through one of the most dangerous regions of space in a ship that, if I hadn’t personally seen it drop out of hyperspace, I would have mistaken for space junk?”

His smile grew again, and Teh’laen couldn’t fully keep the scowl off her own face. “Ah. As I said, we are pilgrims. This,” he waved around, indicating his flock and their vessel, “is but a test of our faith. In search of the enlightenment that will make us one with The Great Consciousness Bezhil, we travel the stars, trusting in Them to watch over us and provide what we need.”

“Right,” she replied dryly.

“Because we rely strictly on Their largesse, we do not keep any but the most rudimentary supplies on hand. Truth be told, I am not certain why those pirates attacked us; as we tried several times to explain, both before and after they boarded our humble ship, we have nothing of value to steal.”

“Idiot,” Teh ground out between her teeth.

Hagen looked at her with eyes wide, and shocked gasps came from the pilgrims closest to them. “I beg your pardon?”

“They weren’t pirates, you stupid bastards.” Her voice was less a recrimination than a dejected sigh, disappointed in their naivete. “They were slavers. They weren’t after credits or jewelry. You’re all poor, but the one thing they want, you possess in abundance.”

An expression of horror dawned on Hagen’s face and dozens of voices began to shout over one another. Teh’laen stood there, arms crossed, until the cacophony diminished.

The group’s leader recovered his  composure first, and he bowed his head toward her. “Then we are doubly grateful for your assistance, Captain. Truly, Bezhil has rewarded our faith with protection.”

The Lethan Twi’lek shifted her weight from one foot to the other, losing patience. “Maybe next time you should ask Bezhil for blaster cannons, deflector shields and engines that actually work.”

Hagen’s smile turned almost to a smirk, and Teh’s hands tightened on her arms to keep herself from reaching out and slapping it off his face. “No need, Captain. They sent us you.”

That does it.

Teh’laen lunged forward, grabbing the shoulders of Hagen’s roughspun tunic and bunching the fabric up in her fists. “Are you stupid?” she spat. “Your god didn’t send me. I’m a pirate. The only reason they took your ship instead of me is because you’re poor and don’t have anything I feel like taking from you.”

The look of panic on his face set off a guilty twinge in the back of her mind, but she didn’t let it show on her face. Good. Maybe he’ll realize that he can’t count on someone coming along to save him and his friends.

She released her grip and took a step back, then turned in a slow circle to take in the other pilgrims. “I scanned the damage to your ship; it’ll take a day or more to get your engines operational, and at least that long for shields. If it’s even possible to repair this thing. I’m not sticking around that long. I’ll be leaving in a little under two hours; anyone wants a ride, I suggest you be at the starboard airlock before I return. Only what you can carry. Though,” she added after a moment, “I guess that shouldn’t be a problem--vow of poverty and all.”

The quiet ripple of laughter heartened her, and she looked at Hagen. “Anyone injured?”

He shook his head. “Not seriously. We have medicine enough to treat them.”

“Good. I’ll be back.”

The slavers had been busy.

Teh’laen focused on the task. She refused to count the beings crammed into the hold, or speculate at their ages, or think about their injuries beyond what sort of treatment they’d require and whether she could provide it.

The controls for the shockcollars affixed to their necks was a closed circuit, not linked into the ship’s other systems, but once she and Essix had physical access to it, the droid’s slicing protocols made quick work of them.

Her voice was softer, but still briskly professional, as she swept her eyes over the freed slaves. “I’ll be leaving shortly. If you’d rather not stick around, you can get a ride to some place with a medical facility, maybe even a Republic embassy. I can’t promise th….”

She trailed off as she spotted a Devaronian near the very back. Something was off about him; Teh’laen’s eyes narrowed to slits of amethyst and she pushed through the crowd to face him. He cringed and shied away from her.

Too clean. That was it. She grabbed one of the Devaronian’s horns with one hand, wrenching his head around so that her other hand could pull down the neck of his freshly-laundered shirt.

“No shockcollar, hmm?” Her scarlet lips, pressed into a thin line, paled to a sickly pink.

“N-no, they j-j-just captured me!”

“Uh huh.”  Teh let go of him and he straightened his shirt, looking around warily at the freed slaves starting to press in upon them.

A small vibroblade dropped into her palm with a flick of her wrist, and she reached up and rent the fabric from navel to collarbone.

The Devaronian clutched the ruined cloth around him, trying desperately--and futilely--to conceal the tattoos that marked him as a proud member of the Labor Alliance.

Teh’laen regarded him coolly. The former captives watched their former captor with bloodlust, but they glanced at the tall Twi’lek before they made any move.

She shifted her weight to one hip, holding one elbow in the palm of her hand as she inspected her nails with studied indifference.

“Hm.”

Nearly a hundred eyes stared at her.

“I’m leaving shortly,” she remarked offhandedly, then turned for the hatch. “Make it fast.”

[pvcroofwindows-blog]

How you can Install a Skylight with your Roof or Attic Conversion, Factors and Suggestions

optilight roof window

Skylights

Now we have located a lot of means of introducing gentle into our homes and homes. These range from full conservatories produced from glass in a narrow framework, by way of customized created, atrium roofing sections, to smaller mounted or opening windows equipped into an existing roof.

Irrespective of the amount of light you wish indoors, it can be significant to grasp how you can go over it. Some skylights involve fairly affordable and small-scale installation function; other individuals require large-scale, tailored fabrication and structure operate. Whilst arranging permission is probably not needed, the work should comply with the setting up laws, so consult your community properties regulator.

A skylight is a wonderful method to enable heat, mild and air right into a place. The addition of roofing lights can correctly convert a roof into a grid working among the squares of sunshine.

Opening roof home windows address ventilation and daylight complications involved along with the ordinary making. Specially in the circumstance of attic conversions where by typical home windows usually are not a possibility, a gap skylight turns a roof cavity right into a helpful and pleasurable area.

Usually take into consideration ceiling geometry when you find yourself serious about skylights. Narrow designs running right down to the line in the eaves build the result of slots of light internally. When all the surfaces are plastered and painted, the skylight looks even more interesting.

Putting in a skylight

A skylight is actually a fantastic solution to let gentle and warmth into dreary rooms. Placing within a skylight, primarily if the form with the ceiling mimics the slope from the roof, is unquestionably not beyond the potential on the ordinary Diy hobbyist.

First, make a decision how massive a skylight you desire; two, three or 4 smaller sized windows may be much better than a substantial one particular. Talk about as a result of your requirements with manufacturers or suppliers. When it arrives, very carefully read the installation guidelines. Keep in mind that you're going to put a hole in your roof, which could allow in the rain if there is a hold up due to the fact you do not know exactly how the unit should really be equipped or you can find several sections lacking. Have tarpaulin and e ropes to hand, just in case.

Generate a considerable nail in to the ceiling in which the skylight would be to go. Carrying sneakers with fantastic grip is essential. Climb onto the roof and track down the specified placement and take away the roof slates. The skylight have to not interfere with a ceiling hanger or possibly a purlin.

Reduce the tiling battens and mark out the frame size that will hold the skylight. Cut the rafters and put in trimmers in compliance with all the manufacturer's directions. Watch out for just about any wiring or cables. Reduce absent the plaster by using a noticed and take the skylight from its box and take away the flashings and trims.

Mark the position from the skylight on the ceiling and ensure that just one aspect of it matches subsequent to some ceiling joist. Generate a significant nail by way of its center. Get rid of the tiles and maintain them within reach. Slash the battens by using a circular saw or possibly a handsaw and after that minimize the rafters till they are really trimmed the right way. Body joints has to be properly nailed - make use of a bare minimum of 4 ninety mm nails in each and every scenario.

Just before sawing the hole during the plasterboard, lower deeply to the sheet from beneath which has a knife. This could reduce the likelihood of your lining paper tearing. If you've got manufactured the opening the correct dimensions, the brackets with the sides of the skylight ought to stand over the framing associates.

Stand the body while in the proposed situation and take care of it to your rafters and trimmers applying brackets which really should be delivered. It needs to be level through the roof at both finishes.

In good shape the underside flashing, bending it to adhere to the contours from the tiles. Healthy the aspect flashings, the highest flashing etc. Refit the tiles within the skylight. You could use tile cutters or a carborundum wheel set inside your circular observed for this. (In case the latter is utilised, ensure that you don goggles and long protecting garments.) If you've followed the methods effectively, the home beneath will never develop into water weakened. Examine the manufacturer's pointers cautiously, then posture the roof window and, immediately after double examining it really is appropriate, quickly repair it to 1 with the rafters.

Make use of a spirit stage to check which the skylight is flat. Whether it is not, pack it up around the reduced side and after that, applying screws or nails, fasten it tightly into position.

The flashings are very critical, they can be there to halt leaks and h2o hurt building involving the skylight and also the roof covering. They must be put in accurately and without the need of destruction. If you find yourself fitting the flashings to your roof slates, a wood block can be used for beating the metal into place. Do this until finally it suits the contours of your slates specifically. When fitting the side and best flashings, commence very carefully. Look at just about every action.

The final step for the exterior would be to replace the roof slates. This can contain reducing. When the work is finished, be certain to apparent absent many of the particles that can block the downpipes. Evaluate the uncovered area involving the sting of your skylight and the ceiling and slash the plasterboard to go well with. Nail the plasterboard in to put, employing plasterboard nails. Metallic corner angle joints strengthen the sign up for and give a precise line to operate on when you are plastering. Slice them by using a hacksaw and nail them in position. Utilizing a mortar trowel, utilize the cement in independent levels, every one finding broader and wider. Guantee that you easy each with the joints away to very little.

Plastering

Evaluate and mark the sections as expected. Make sure the highest side (unmarked) faces outwards. Using a sharp knife, reduce deeply along the sting. Change the board in excess of and, holding one particular aspect inside your hand, give the sheet a thump with the fist. This should trigger the sheet to bend and crack. Employing a sharp knife, slash together the sting on the back in the sheet. This could make sure the lining paper will not get ripped. Reduce and fix plasterboard within the skylight. Reduce and correct the metallic angles that bolster the corners. Plaster the corners. Sand, dry, primary and paint them.

Occupation carried out!

References Window https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window

[riichardwilson]

The Renaissance Of No-Code For Web Designers

About The Author

Product designer @ Wix • Coder • Running shoes addict More about Uri …

Just like during the Renaissance, we’re living in times of incredible cultural and artistic innovation. As the Internet evolves, browsers align, capabilities are added and accessibility of technology becomes easier, designers face new opportunities to create, think, and change their status with no-code tools.

The word Renaissance — which means “rebirth” in French — was given to a tremendous period of philosophical and artistic achievements that began in the 14th century.

During this time, there were a wide range of developments, including:

Use of oil paints, rather than tempera, which made the painting process easier.

Use of fabric, rather than wooden boards, which reduced the expenses of painting.

Translation of classical texts in architecture, anatomy, philosophy, and more, making knowledge more accessible to the general public.

These developments and more made the Renaissance one of the most productive artistic eras in history, dramatically reducing the creative barrier and attracting a large audience rather than just a small group of elites.

‘Every block of stone has a statue inside it, and it is the task of the sculptor to discover it.’ — Michelangelo. Some people see a block of stone, while other people see a source of creation. The tools available to us at any given time can bring out our maximum potential. (Large preview)

Just like the Renaissance era, today’s web design field is exploring its potential through no-code development platforms (NCDPs). These tools allow non-programmers to create application software through graphical user interfaces and configuration, instead of traditional computer programming.

The Designer/Developer Mental Model

Taken from ‘The Singularity Is Here: Human 2.0‘ by Amit Maman. Part of his final project at Shenkar College of Engineering and Design, Maman created this triptych to show his vision of the singularity and the turning point in human history that it represents. His work is inspired by principles from the Renaissance era. (Large preview)

In 2000, usability expert Jakob Nielsen introduced “Jakob’s Law,” the idea that users develop mental models of the products they interact with based on their previous experience. The more users can focus on their goal without challenging this mental model, the easier it is for them to achieve that goal.

“CSS is closer to painting than Python.” — Chris Coyier, co-founder at CodePen

Design and development skills are rooted in different types of thinking and require different types of tools. While designers use WYSIWYG editors like Figma, Sketch, and Photoshop to place elements on the canvas, developers work with IDEs like VSCode, Webstorm, and Brackets. In order to remain productive, designers and developers need to be able to make changes and receive instant feedback, according to their mental model.

So, using drag and drop builders may actually interfere with developers who want to debug fast, but working only with a text editor may be inappropriate for designers who want to test composition.

Designers And Code

Many designers understand the functional differences between a mockup and a working product. In order to understand the possibilities of the medium, where to draw the boundaries and how to deal with the constraints, many designers are willing to “get their hands dirty” when it comes to learning code — but they have difficulties.

One of the main reasons designers are not coders is because there is a large gap between the designer’s mental model and the conceptual model of many code editors. Design and development take two very different modes of thought. This mismatch leads to a difficult and frustrating learning curve for designers that they might not be able to overcome.

Code Abstraction

(Large preview)

Abstraction is a core concept of computer science. Languages, frameworks, and libraries are built on different abstraction layers of complexity to facilitate, optimize, and guarantee productivity.

“Visual programming tools abstract code away from the creator, making them significantly more accessible. The real magic of these tools, however, is how they integrate all of the underlying layers of software into end products, providing useful functionality through modular components that can be harnessed through intuitive visual interfaces.” — Jeremy Q. Ho, No Code is New Programming

When working with abstraction layers, there are tools such as Editor X and Studio for websites/web applications, Draftbit and Kodika for mobile apps, and Modulz for design systems, which enable a visual representation of code, in addition to code capabilities.

By adopting a familiar visual medium, the learning curve becomes easier for designers.

If Chris Wanstrath the co-founder and former CEO of GitHub said, “the future of coding is no coding at all,” then surely no-code is a legitimate way to develop — despite the perception that these tools don’t offer the flexibility to write your own code, line by line.

Indeed, we see that interest in the term “nocode” is growing:

Search for the term ‘nocode’ in the last 5 years on Google Trends. (Large preview)

Difference Between Imperative And Declarative Programming

In order to understand the development of no-code tools for designers, you need to know the distinction between two types of programming:

Imperative Programming Deconstruct the result into a sequence of imperatives, i.e. explicit control flow. For example: JavaScript, Python, C ++.

Declarative Programming Declare the result, i.e. implicit control flow. For example: SQL, HTML, CSS.

Declarative languages are often domain-specific languages, or DSL, which means they’re used for a specific purpose, in a specific domain.

For example, SQL is DSL for working with databases, HTML is DSL for adding semantic structure and meaning to content on a web page, and CSS is DSL for adding style.

“There are too many variables to consider. The point of CSS is to make it so you don’t have to worry about them all. Define some constraints. Let the language work out the details.” — Keith J. Grant, Resilient, Declarative, Contextual

Imperative programming sets specific, step-by-step instructions to the browser to get the desired result, while declarative programming states the desired result and the browser does the work by itself.

The Middle Ages

The effort to create a visual interface tool for web design development started in the 1990s through groundbreaking attempts like InContext Spider, Netscape Navigator Gold, Microsoft FrontPage, and of course, Dreamweaver.

Dreamweaver MX, Foundation Dreamweaver MX. (Large preview)

During this period, the common terminology included: visual HTML authoring tool, WYSIWYG web page compositor, or simply HTML editor. The term “no-code” was popular in the 1990s — but for a different reason. In 1996, the American rock band Pearl Jam released their fourth studio album, No Code.

These no-code tools dramatically reduced the creative barrier and attracted a large audience, the Internet wasn’t ready for these types of tools at the time.

This effort was limited for the following reasons:

1. Layout

When the inventor of the World Wide Web Tim Berners-Lee launched his creation in 1989, he didn’t offer a way to design a website.

This came along in October 1994, after a series of suggestions on how to design the Internet by different people — including one from Håkon Wium Lie — who proposed an idea that attracted everyone’s attention. Lie believed in a declarative style that would allow browsers to handle the processing — it was called Cascading Style Sheets, or simply CSS.

“CSS stood out because it was simple, especially compared to some of its earliest competitors.” — Jason Hoffman, A Look Back at the History of CSS

For a long time after, CSS provided design solutions for a single object — but it didn’t give an adequate response to the relationship between the objects.

Methods to address this were effectively hacks, and they weren’t able to handle a great deal of complexity. As sites evolved from simple documents to complex applications, web layouts became difficult to assemble. Instead of using a style in a declarative way as Lie designed, web developers were forced to use imperative programming.

A grid system based on the rules of Swiss designer Josef Müller-Brockmann that was customary in print from the 1940s seems like a distant dream when considering anything related to the Web.

Posters by Josef Muller-Brockmann. (Large preview)

Because of these layout limitations, no-code platforms were forced to add an abstract layer to perform backstage calculations. This layer causes a range of problems, including losing the semantic value of the objects, performance issues, bulky code, a complex learning curve, unscalability, and accessibility issues.

2. Browser Alignment

In the early days, browser makers were the ones who decided how to build the Internet. This led to the Web becoming a manipulative commodity. Competition between browsers led to unique “design features”. This forced the need to rebuild the same site several times, so it could be accessed from multiple browsers.

“Developers in the 90s would often have to make three or four versions of every website they built, so that it would be compatible with each of the browsers available at the time.” — Amy Dickens, Web Standards: The What, The Why, And The How

To offset the need to build websites that fit specific browsers, the World Wide Web Consortium (WC3) community was established at MIT in 1994. The WC3 is an international community working to develop functional, accessible and cross-compatible web standards.

When the standards were introduced, browser makers were encouraged to stick to one way of doing things — thus preventing several versions of the same site from being built. Despite WC3’s recommendations, it took a long time for browsers to meet the same standards.

Due to a lack of alignment between the browsers (Internet Explorer, I’m looking at you), CSS for a time was stuck and no new capabilities were added. Once a declarative language doesn’t support something, it requires you to lean on all kinds of imperative hacks in order to achieve that goal.

3. Data Binding

In the early years of the Web, sites were developed as a collection of static pages with no semantic meaning. When Web 2.0 arrived, it received the description “the web as a platform,” which led to a significant change — pages had dynamic content, which affected the connection to the data, and of course the semantic meaning.

“Sites in the 1990s were usually either brochure-ware (static HTML pages with insipid content) or they were interactive in a flashy, animated, JavaScript kind of way.” — Joshua Porter, Web 2.0 for Designers

Indeed, connecting to data using a no-code approach has existed for a long time — but the user experience was difficult. Additionally, the transition to semantic marking so content could be detected in no-code tools was difficult because of the mixing between declarative and imperative programming.

No-code tools didn’t mesh with those core tasks.

(Large preview)

Proto-Renaissance

On June 29, 2007, the nature of the Internet was changed dramatically. This was the day when Steve Jobs introduced the iPhone — a combination of mobile phone and media player that connected to the Internet and enabled multi-touch navigation.

When the iPhone was introduced in 2007, it was a turning point for web design. All of a sudden web designers lost control of the canvas on which we designed websites. Previously, websites only had to work on monitor screens, which varied in size, but not all that much. How were we supposed to make our websites work on these tiny little screens? — Clarissa Peterson, Learning Responsive Web Design

This created new challenges for web design development. Mainly, how to build a site that can be used on multiple types of devices. Many “hack” approaches to layout design simply fell apart — they caused more problems than they solved.

Everything needed to be reevaluated.

The No-Code Renaissance

(Large preview)

Browsers supporting WC3 standards (Chrome and Firefox ) have huge market share today, which has pushed more browsers to support the standards. The fact that all of the browsers support the same standard, enable alignment in the building of sites and ensure these capabilities would continue to work as standards and browsers evolve.

Methods such as media query, flexbox and grid — which are natively available in the browsers for layout design — have paved the way for flexible layouts, even when element sizes are dynamic.

“When CSS Grid shipped in March 2017, our toolbox reached a tipping point. At last we have technology powerful enough to let us really get creative with layout. We can use the power of graphic design to convey meaning through our use of layout—creating unique layouts for each project, each section, each type of content, each page.” — Rachel Andrew, The New CSS Layout

In this way, HTML became cleaner and it was able to achieve its original purpose: a semantic description of the content.

Finally, thanks to alignment between the browsers and new capabilities, no-code tools are backed by powerful, uniform technology. These changes created a clearer distinction between declarative and imperative. New possibilities were created to solve old problems.

“Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.” — Leonardo da Vinci

The Effect Of No-code On Designers

Editor X | David’s photo by Igor Ferreira on Unsplash. (Large preview)

The developments of the Internet over the years has led to a situation where the abstraction between design and code is constantly improving. This has implications for the way web designers plan and implement their designs.

1. Design Planning

While popular design tools use static content for dynamic web design, no-code tools allow designers to work with the web’s own materials.

“Photoshop is the most effective way to show your clients what their website will never look like.” — Stephen Hay, author of Responsive Design Workflow

If we have a complex design with different states, micro-interactions, animations and responsive breakpoints — by using no-code tools we can work in a more tangible way.

Additionally, the development of the web enables no-code tools to clearly separate content from the design (which allows designers to visually manage real content). Reflecting the dynamic content in the design (e.g. text, images, videos, and audio), gives designers a clearer understanding of how it will appear.

The advantage of working in the no-code workspace is that interactions appear immediately. This allows designers to quickly test their design choices and see if they work.

2. Design Implementation

After investing in design perfection, designers should explain the visual and conceptual decisions to developers through prototypes. Prototypes not only take time in terms of preparation, but their design is also often implemented incorrectly due to misinterpretations.

With no-code tools, designers are able to place objects on their display and handle their visibility and behavior with ease and speed. In other words, they can design the end result without depending on anyone else.

To use myself as an example, when the Coronavirus pandemic hit, I worked with a small team on a project to help connect young volunteers to isolated seniors. In just three days, myself and another designer built the website and connected user registration data to a database, while the team’s developer worked to integrate data from the site into a separate mobile app.

The Effect Of No-code On Developers

Will no-code tools completely replace developers? The short answer: No. The significant change is in the way designers and developers can work together to create websites.

In addition to the development of CSS, Javascript has also evolved in parallel and perhaps even more. The idea that frontend developers need to control all the abilities makes no sense. And yet, the development of no-code over the years has enabled designers to build their own designs.

It’s a win-win situation, in which  developers can focus on developing logic, and designers have more control over the user experience and styling.

The Effort Is Not Yet Complete

I don’t want to leave you with the impression that designers have complete freedom to design with no-code tools. There are still some missing style capabilities that CSS has not yet solved, and these still require imperative development.

Unlike in the Middle Ages, where art was considered as handicraft without a theoretical basis, Renaissance developments changed the status of the artist — who was suddenly considered a polymath.

No-code tools remove bottlenecks, which allows designers to gain more ownership, influence, and control over the experiences they design.

We’ve come a long way from the days when designers weren’t able to bring their designs to life. As the Internet evolves, browsers align, capabilities are added and the accessibility of technology becomes easier — designers are faced with new opportunities to create, think, and change their status with no-code tools.

The no-code movement not only affects how things are done, but by who.

Credits: Yoav Avrahami and Jeremy Hoover contributed to this article.

Further Reading on SmashingMag:

(fb, ra, yk, il)

Website Design & SEO Delray Beach by DBL07.co

Delray Beach SEO

source http://www.scpie.org/the-renaissance-of-no-code-for-web-designers/ source https://scpie.tumblr.com/post/625139862448881664

[scpie]

The Renaissance Of No-Code For Web Designers

About The Author

Product designer @ Wix • Coder • Running shoes addict More about Uri …

Just like during the Renaissance, we’re living in times of incredible cultural and artistic innovation. As the Internet evolves, browsers align, capabilities are added and accessibility of technology becomes easier, designers face new opportunities to create, think, and change their status with no-code tools.

The word Renaissance — which means “rebirth” in French — was given to a tremendous period of philosophical and artistic achievements that began in the 14th century.

During this time, there were a wide range of developments, including:

Use of oil paints, rather than tempera, which made the painting process easier.

Use of fabric, rather than wooden boards, which reduced the expenses of painting.

Translation of classical texts in architecture, anatomy, philosophy, and more, making knowledge more accessible to the general public.

These developments and more made the Renaissance one of the most productive artistic eras in history, dramatically reducing the creative barrier and attracting a large audience rather than just a small group of elites.

‘Every block of stone has a statue inside it, and it is the task of the sculptor to discover it.’ — Michelangelo. Some people see a block of stone, while other people see a source of creation. The tools available to us at any given time can bring out our maximum potential. (Large preview)

Just like the Renaissance era, today’s web design field is exploring its potential through no-code development platforms (NCDPs). These tools allow non-programmers to create application software through graphical user interfaces and configuration, instead of traditional computer programming.

The Designer/Developer Mental Model

Taken from ‘The Singularity Is Here: Human 2.0‘ by Amit Maman. Part of his final project at Shenkar College of Engineering and Design, Maman created this triptych to show his vision of the singularity and the turning point in human history that it represents. His work is inspired by principles from the Renaissance era. (Large preview)

In 2000, usability expert Jakob Nielsen introduced “Jakob’s Law,” the idea that users develop mental models of the products they interact with based on their previous experience. The more users can focus on their goal without challenging this mental model, the easier it is for them to achieve that goal.

“CSS is closer to painting than Python.” — Chris Coyier, co-founder at CodePen

Design and development skills are rooted in different types of thinking and require different types of tools. While designers use WYSIWYG editors like Figma, Sketch, and Photoshop to place elements on the canvas, developers work with IDEs like VSCode, Webstorm, and Brackets. In order to remain productive, designers and developers need to be able to make changes and receive instant feedback, according to their mental model.

So, using drag and drop builders may actually interfere with developers who want to debug fast, but working only with a text editor may be inappropriate for designers who want to test composition.

Designers And Code

Many designers understand the functional differences between a mockup and a working product. In order to understand the possibilities of the medium, where to draw the boundaries and how to deal with the constraints, many designers are willing to “get their hands dirty” when it comes to learning code — but they have difficulties.

One of the main reasons designers are not coders is because there is a large gap between the designer’s mental model and the conceptual model of many code editors. Design and development take two very different modes of thought. This mismatch leads to a difficult and frustrating learning curve for designers that they might not be able to overcome.

Code Abstraction

(Large preview)

Abstraction is a core concept of computer science. Languages, frameworks, and libraries are built on different abstraction layers of complexity to facilitate, optimize, and guarantee productivity.

“Visual programming tools abstract code away from the creator, making them significantly more accessible. The real magic of these tools, however, is how they integrate all of the underlying layers of software into end products, providing useful functionality through modular components that can be harnessed through intuitive visual interfaces.” — Jeremy Q. Ho, No Code is New Programming

When working with abstraction layers, there are tools such as Editor X and Studio for websites/web applications, Draftbit and Kodika for mobile apps, and Modulz for design systems, which enable a visual representation of code, in addition to code capabilities.

By adopting a familiar visual medium, the learning curve becomes easier for designers.

If Chris Wanstrath the co-founder and former CEO of GitHub said, “the future of coding is no coding at all,” then surely no-code is a legitimate way to develop — despite the perception that these tools don’t offer the flexibility to write your own code, line by line.

Indeed, we see that interest in the term “nocode” is growing:

Search for the term ‘nocode’ in the last 5 years on Google Trends. (Large preview)

Difference Between Imperative And Declarative Programming

In order to understand the development of no-code tools for designers, you need to know the distinction between two types of programming:

Imperative Programming Deconstruct the result into a sequence of imperatives, i.e. explicit control flow. For example: JavaScript, Python, C ++.

Declarative Programming Declare the result, i.e. implicit control flow. For example: SQL, HTML, CSS.

Declarative languages are often domain-specific languages, or DSL, which means they’re used for a specific purpose, in a specific domain.

For example, SQL is DSL for working with databases, HTML is DSL for adding semantic structure and meaning to content on a web page, and CSS is DSL for adding style.

“There are too many variables to consider. The point of CSS is to make it so you don’t have to worry about them all. Define some constraints. Let the language work out the details.” — Keith J. Grant, Resilient, Declarative, Contextual

Imperative programming sets specific, step-by-step instructions to the browser to get the desired result, while declarative programming states the desired result and the browser does the work by itself.

The Middle Ages

The effort to create a visual interface tool for web design development started in the 1990s through groundbreaking attempts like InContext Spider, Netscape Navigator Gold, Microsoft FrontPage, and of course, Dreamweaver.

Dreamweaver MX, Foundation Dreamweaver MX. (Large preview)

During this period, the common terminology included: visual HTML authoring tool, WYSIWYG web page compositor, or simply HTML editor. The term “no-code” was popular in the 1990s — but for a different reason. In 1996, the American rock band Pearl Jam released their fourth studio album, No Code.

These no-code tools dramatically reduced the creative barrier and attracted a large audience, the Internet wasn’t ready for these types of tools at the time.

This effort was limited for the following reasons:

1. Layout

When the inventor of the World Wide Web Tim Berners-Lee launched his creation in 1989, he didn’t offer a way to design a website.

This came along in October 1994, after a series of suggestions on how to design the Internet by different people — including one from Håkon Wium Lie — who proposed an idea that attracted everyone’s attention. Lie believed in a declarative style that would allow browsers to handle the processing — it was called Cascading Style Sheets, or simply CSS.

“CSS stood out because it was simple, especially compared to some of its earliest competitors.” — Jason Hoffman, A Look Back at the History of CSS

For a long time after, CSS provided design solutions for a single object — but it didn’t give an adequate response to the relationship between the objects.

Methods to address this were effectively hacks, and they weren’t able to handle a great deal of complexity. As sites evolved from simple documents to complex applications, web layouts became difficult to assemble. Instead of using a style in a declarative way as Lie designed, web developers were forced to use imperative programming.

A grid system based on the rules of Swiss designer Josef Müller-Brockmann that was customary in print from the 1940s seems like a distant dream when considering anything related to the Web.

Posters by Josef Muller-Brockmann. (Large preview)

Because of these layout limitations, no-code platforms were forced to add an abstract layer to perform backstage calculations. This layer causes a range of problems, including losing the semantic value of the objects, performance issues, bulky code, a complex learning curve, unscalability, and accessibility issues.

2. Browser Alignment

In the early days, browser makers were the ones who decided how to build the Internet. This led to the Web becoming a manipulative commodity. Competition between browsers led to unique “design features”. This forced the need to rebuild the same site several times, so it could be accessed from multiple browsers.

“Developers in the 90s would often have to make three or four versions of every website they built, so that it would be compatible with each of the browsers available at the time.” — Amy Dickens, Web Standards: The What, The Why, And The How

To offset the need to build websites that fit specific browsers, the World Wide Web Consortium (WC3) community was established at MIT in 1994. The WC3 is an international community working to develop functional, accessible and cross-compatible web standards.

When the standards were introduced, browser makers were encouraged to stick to one way of doing things — thus preventing several versions of the same site from being built. Despite WC3’s recommendations, it took a long time for browsers to meet the same standards.

Due to a lack of alignment between the browsers (Internet Explorer, I’m looking at you), CSS for a time was stuck and no new capabilities were added. Once a declarative language doesn’t support something, it requires you to lean on all kinds of imperative hacks in order to achieve that goal.

3. Data Binding

In the early years of the Web, sites were developed as a collection of static pages with no semantic meaning. When Web 2.0 arrived, it received the description “the web as a platform,” which led to a significant change — pages had dynamic content, which affected the connection to the data, and of course the semantic meaning.

“Sites in the 1990s were usually either brochure-ware (static HTML pages with insipid content) or they were interactive in a flashy, animated, JavaScript kind of way.” — Joshua Porter, Web 2.0 for Designers

Indeed, connecting to data using a no-code approach has existed for a long time — but the user experience was difficult. Additionally, the transition to semantic marking so content could be detected in no-code tools was difficult because of the mixing between declarative and imperative programming.

No-code tools didn’t mesh with those core tasks.

(Large preview)

Proto-Renaissance

On June 29, 2007, the nature of the Internet was changed dramatically. This was the day when Steve Jobs introduced the iPhone — a combination of mobile phone and media player that connected to the Internet and enabled multi-touch navigation.

When the iPhone was introduced in 2007, it was a turning point for web design. All of a sudden web designers lost control of the canvas on which we designed websites. Previously, websites only had to work on monitor screens, which varied in size, but not all that much. How were we supposed to make our websites work on these tiny little screens? — Clarissa Peterson, Learning Responsive Web Design

This created new challenges for web design development. Mainly, how to build a site that can be used on multiple types of devices. Many “hack” approaches to layout design simply fell apart — they caused more problems than they solved.

Everything needed to be reevaluated.

The No-Code Renaissance

(Large preview)

Browsers supporting WC3 standards (Chrome and Firefox ) have huge market share today, which has pushed more browsers to support the standards. The fact that all of the browsers support the same standard, enable alignment in the building of sites and ensure these capabilities would continue to work as standards and browsers evolve.

Methods such as media query, flexbox and grid — which are natively available in the browsers for layout design — have paved the way for flexible layouts, even when element sizes are dynamic.

“When CSS Grid shipped in March 2017, our toolbox reached a tipping point. At last we have technology powerful enough to let us really get creative with layout. We can use the power of graphic design to convey meaning through our use of layout—creating unique layouts for each project, each section, each type of content, each page.” — Rachel Andrew, The New CSS Layout

In this way, HTML became cleaner and it was able to achieve its original purpose: a semantic description of the content.

Finally, thanks to alignment between the browsers and new capabilities, no-code tools are backed by powerful, uniform technology. These changes created a clearer distinction between declarative and imperative. New possibilities were created to solve old problems.

“Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.” — Leonardo da Vinci

The Effect Of No-code On Designers

Editor X | David’s photo by Igor Ferreira on Unsplash. (Large preview)

The developments of the Internet over the years has led to a situation where the abstraction between design and code is constantly improving. This has implications for the way web designers plan and implement their designs.

1. Design Planning

While popular design tools use static content for dynamic web design, no-code tools allow designers to work with the web’s own materials.

“Photoshop is the most effective way to show your clients what their website will never look like.” — Stephen Hay, author of Responsive Design Workflow

If we have a complex design with different states, micro-interactions, animations and responsive breakpoints — by using no-code tools we can work in a more tangible way.

Additionally, the development of the web enables no-code tools to clearly separate content from the design (which allows designers to visually manage real content). Reflecting the dynamic content in the design (e.g. text, images, videos, and audio), gives designers a clearer understanding of how it will appear.

The advantage of working in the no-code workspace is that interactions appear immediately. This allows designers to quickly test their design choices and see if they work.

2. Design Implementation

After investing in design perfection, designers should explain the visual and conceptual decisions to developers through prototypes. Prototypes not only take time in terms of preparation, but their design is also often implemented incorrectly due to misinterpretations.

With no-code tools, designers are able to place objects on their display and handle their visibility and behavior with ease and speed. In other words, they can design the end result without depending on anyone else.

To use myself as an example, when the Coronavirus pandemic hit, I worked with a small team on a project to help connect young volunteers to isolated seniors. In just three days, myself and another designer built the website and connected user registration data to a database, while the team’s developer worked to integrate data from the site into a separate mobile app.

The Effect Of No-code On Developers

Will no-code tools completely replace developers? The short answer: No. The significant change is in the way designers and developers can work together to create websites.

In addition to the development of CSS, Javascript has also evolved in parallel and perhaps even more. The idea that frontend developers need to control all the abilities makes no sense. And yet, the development of no-code over the years has enabled designers to build their own designs.

It’s a win-win situation, in which  developers can focus on developing logic, and designers have more control over the user experience and styling.

The Effort Is Not Yet Complete

I don’t want to leave you with the impression that designers have complete freedom to design with no-code tools. There are still some missing style capabilities that CSS has not yet solved, and these still require imperative development.

Unlike in the Middle Ages, where art was considered as handicraft without a theoretical basis, Renaissance developments changed the status of the artist — who was suddenly considered a polymath.

No-code tools remove bottlenecks, which allows designers to gain more ownership, influence, and control over the experiences they design.

We’ve come a long way from the days when designers weren’t able to bring their designs to life. As the Internet evolves, browsers align, capabilities are added and the accessibility of technology becomes easier — designers are faced with new opportunities to create, think, and change their status with no-code tools.

The no-code movement not only affects how things are done, but by who.

Credits: Yoav Avrahami and Jeremy Hoover contributed to this article.

Further Reading on SmashingMag:

(fb, ra, yk, il)

Website Design & SEO Delray Beach by DBL07.co

Delray Beach SEO

source http://www.scpie.org/the-renaissance-of-no-code-for-web-designers/

[laurelkrugerr]

The Renaissance Of No-Code For Web Designers

About The Author

Product designer @ Wix • Coder • Running shoes addict More about Uri …

Just like during the Renaissance, we’re living in times of incredible cultural and artistic innovation. As the Internet evolves, browsers align, capabilities are added and accessibility of technology becomes easier, designers face new opportunities to create, think, and change their status with no-code tools.

The word Renaissance — which means “rebirth” in French — was given to a tremendous period of philosophical and artistic achievements that began in the 14th century.

During this time, there were a wide range of developments, including:

Use of oil paints, rather than tempera, which made the painting process easier.

Use of fabric, rather than wooden boards, which reduced the expenses of painting.

Translation of classical texts in architecture, anatomy, philosophy, and more, making knowledge more accessible to the general public.

These developments and more made the Renaissance one of the most productive artistic eras in history, dramatically reducing the creative barrier and attracting a large audience rather than just a small group of elites.

‘Every block of stone has a statue inside it, and it is the task of the sculptor to discover it.’ — Michelangelo. Some people see a block of stone, while other people see a source of creation. The tools available to us at any given time can bring out our maximum potential. (Large preview)

Just like the Renaissance era, today’s web design field is exploring its potential through no-code development platforms (NCDPs). These tools allow non-programmers to create application software through graphical user interfaces and configuration, instead of traditional computer programming.

The Designer/Developer Mental Model

Taken from ‘The Singularity Is Here: Human 2.0‘ by Amit Maman. Part of his final project at Shenkar College of Engineering and Design, Maman created this triptych to show his vision of the singularity and the turning point in human history that it represents. His work is inspired by principles from the Renaissance era. (Large preview)

In 2000, usability expert Jakob Nielsen introduced “Jakob’s Law,” the idea that users develop mental models of the products they interact with based on their previous experience. The more users can focus on their goal without challenging this mental model, the easier it is for them to achieve that goal.

“CSS is closer to painting than Python.” — Chris Coyier, co-founder at CodePen

Design and development skills are rooted in different types of thinking and require different types of tools. While designers use WYSIWYG editors like Figma, Sketch, and Photoshop to place elements on the canvas, developers work with IDEs like VSCode, Webstorm, and Brackets. In order to remain productive, designers and developers need to be able to make changes and receive instant feedback, according to their mental model.

So, using drag and drop builders may actually interfere with developers who want to debug fast, but working only with a text editor may be inappropriate for designers who want to test composition.

Designers And Code

Many designers understand the functional differences between a mockup and a working product. In order to understand the possibilities of the medium, where to draw the boundaries and how to deal with the constraints, many designers are willing to “get their hands dirty” when it comes to learning code — but they have difficulties.

One of the main reasons designers are not coders is because there is a large gap between the designer’s mental model and the conceptual model of many code editors. Design and development take two very different modes of thought. This mismatch leads to a difficult and frustrating learning curve for designers that they might not be able to overcome.

Code Abstraction

(Large preview)

Abstraction is a core concept of computer science. Languages, frameworks, and libraries are built on different abstraction layers of complexity to facilitate, optimize, and guarantee productivity.

“Visual programming tools abstract code away from the creator, making them significantly more accessible. The real magic of these tools, however, is how they integrate all of the underlying layers of software into end products, providing useful functionality through modular components that can be harnessed through intuitive visual interfaces.” — Jeremy Q. Ho, No Code is New Programming

When working with abstraction layers, there are tools such as Editor X and Studio for websites/web applications, Draftbit and Kodika for mobile apps, and Modulz for design systems, which enable a visual representation of code, in addition to code capabilities.

By adopting a familiar visual medium, the learning curve becomes easier for designers.

If Chris Wanstrath the co-founder and former CEO of GitHub said, “the future of coding is no coding at all,” then surely no-code is a legitimate way to develop — despite the perception that these tools don’t offer the flexibility to write your own code, line by line.

Indeed, we see that interest in the term “nocode” is growing:

Search for the term ‘nocode’ in the last 5 years on Google Trends. (Large preview)

Difference Between Imperative And Declarative Programming

In order to understand the development of no-code tools for designers, you need to know the distinction between two types of programming:

Imperative Programming Deconstruct the result into a sequence of imperatives, i.e. explicit control flow. For example: JavaScript, Python, C ++.

Declarative Programming Declare the result, i.e. implicit control flow. For example: SQL, HTML, CSS.

Declarative languages are often domain-specific languages, or DSL, which means they’re used for a specific purpose, in a specific domain.

For example, SQL is DSL for working with databases, HTML is DSL for adding semantic structure and meaning to content on a web page, and CSS is DSL for adding style.

“There are too many variables to consider. The point of CSS is to make it so you don’t have to worry about them all. Define some constraints. Let the language work out the details.” — Keith J. Grant, Resilient, Declarative, Contextual

Imperative programming sets specific, step-by-step instructions to the browser to get the desired result, while declarative programming states the desired result and the browser does the work by itself.

The Middle Ages

The effort to create a visual interface tool for web design development started in the 1990s through groundbreaking attempts like InContext Spider, Netscape Navigator Gold, Microsoft FrontPage, and of course, Dreamweaver.

Dreamweaver MX, Foundation Dreamweaver MX. (Large preview)

During this period, the common terminology included: visual HTML authoring tool, WYSIWYG web page compositor, or simply HTML editor. The term “no-code” was popular in the 1990s — but for a different reason. In 1996, the American rock band Pearl Jam released their fourth studio album, No Code.

These no-code tools dramatically reduced the creative barrier and attracted a large audience, the Internet wasn’t ready for these types of tools at the time.

This effort was limited for the following reasons:

1. Layout

When the inventor of the World Wide Web Tim Berners-Lee launched his creation in 1989, he didn’t offer a way to design a website.

This came along in October 1994, after a series of suggestions on how to design the Internet by different people — including one from Håkon Wium Lie — who proposed an idea that attracted everyone’s attention. Lie believed in a declarative style that would allow browsers to handle the processing — it was called Cascading Style Sheets, or simply CSS.

“CSS stood out because it was simple, especially compared to some of its earliest competitors.” — Jason Hoffman, A Look Back at the History of CSS

For a long time after, CSS provided design solutions for a single object — but it didn’t give an adequate response to the relationship between the objects.

Methods to address this were effectively hacks, and they weren’t able to handle a great deal of complexity. As sites evolved from simple documents to complex applications, web layouts became difficult to assemble. Instead of using a style in a declarative way as Lie designed, web developers were forced to use imperative programming.

A grid system based on the rules of Swiss designer Josef Müller-Brockmann that was customary in print from the 1940s seems like a distant dream when considering anything related to the Web.

Posters by Josef Muller-Brockmann. (Large preview)

Because of these layout limitations, no-code platforms were forced to add an abstract layer to perform backstage calculations. This layer causes a range of problems, including losing the semantic value of the objects, performance issues, bulky code, a complex learning curve, unscalability, and accessibility issues.

2. Browser Alignment

In the early days, browser makers were the ones who decided how to build the Internet. This led to the Web becoming a manipulative commodity. Competition between browsers led to unique “design features”. This forced the need to rebuild the same site several times, so it could be accessed from multiple browsers.

“Developers in the 90s would often have to make three or four versions of every website they built, so that it would be compatible with each of the browsers available at the time.” — Amy Dickens, Web Standards: The What, The Why, And The How

To offset the need to build websites that fit specific browsers, the World Wide Web Consortium (WC3) community was established at MIT in 1994. The WC3 is an international community working to develop functional, accessible and cross-compatible web standards.

When the standards were introduced, browser makers were encouraged to stick to one way of doing things — thus preventing several versions of the same site from being built. Despite WC3’s recommendations, it took a long time for browsers to meet the same standards.

Due to a lack of alignment between the browsers (Internet Explorer, I’m looking at you), CSS for a time was stuck and no new capabilities were added. Once a declarative language doesn’t support something, it requires you to lean on all kinds of imperative hacks in order to achieve that goal.

3. Data Binding

In the early years of the Web, sites were developed as a collection of static pages with no semantic meaning. When Web 2.0 arrived, it received the description “the web as a platform,” which led to a significant change — pages had dynamic content, which affected the connection to the data, and of course the semantic meaning.

“Sites in the 1990s were usually either brochure-ware (static HTML pages with insipid content) or they were interactive in a flashy, animated, JavaScript kind of way.” — Joshua Porter, Web 2.0 for Designers

Indeed, connecting to data using a no-code approach has existed for a long time — but the user experience was difficult. Additionally, the transition to semantic marking so content could be detected in no-code tools was difficult because of the mixing between declarative and imperative programming.

No-code tools didn’t mesh with those core tasks.

(Large preview)

Proto-Renaissance

On June 29, 2007, the nature of the Internet was changed dramatically. This was the day when Steve Jobs introduced the iPhone — a combination of mobile phone and media player that connected to the Internet and enabled multi-touch navigation.

When the iPhone was introduced in 2007, it was a turning point for web design. All of a sudden web designers lost control of the canvas on which we designed websites. Previously, websites only had to work on monitor screens, which varied in size, but not all that much. How were we supposed to make our websites work on these tiny little screens? — Clarissa Peterson, Learning Responsive Web Design

This created new challenges for web design development. Mainly, how to build a site that can be used on multiple types of devices. Many “hack” approaches to layout design simply fell apart — they caused more problems than they solved.

Everything needed to be reevaluated.

The No-Code Renaissance

(Large preview)

Browsers supporting WC3 standards (Chrome and Firefox ) have huge market share today, which has pushed more browsers to support the standards. The fact that all of the browsers support the same standard, enable alignment in the building of sites and ensure these capabilities would continue to work as standards and browsers evolve.

Methods such as media query, flexbox and grid — which are natively available in the browsers for layout design — have paved the way for flexible layouts, even when element sizes are dynamic.

“When CSS Grid shipped in March 2017, our toolbox reached a tipping point. At last we have technology powerful enough to let us really get creative with layout. We can use the power of graphic design to convey meaning through our use of layout—creating unique layouts for each project, each section, each type of content, each page.” — Rachel Andrew, The New CSS Layout

In this way, HTML became cleaner and it was able to achieve its original purpose: a semantic description of the content.

Finally, thanks to alignment between the browsers and new capabilities, no-code tools are backed by powerful, uniform technology. These changes created a clearer distinction between declarative and imperative. New possibilities were created to solve old problems.

“Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.” — Leonardo da Vinci

The Effect Of No-code On Designers

Editor X | David’s photo by Igor Ferreira on Unsplash. (Large preview)

The developments of the Internet over the years has led to a situation where the abstraction between design and code is constantly improving. This has implications for the way web designers plan and implement their designs.

1. Design Planning

While popular design tools use static content for dynamic web design, no-code tools allow designers to work with the web’s own materials.

“Photoshop is the most effective way to show your clients what their website will never look like.” — Stephen Hay, author of Responsive Design Workflow

If we have a complex design with different states, micro-interactions, animations and responsive breakpoints — by using no-code tools we can work in a more tangible way.

Additionally, the development of the web enables no-code tools to clearly separate content from the design (which allows designers to visually manage real content). Reflecting the dynamic content in the design (e.g. text, images, videos, and audio), gives designers a clearer understanding of how it will appear.

The advantage of working in the no-code workspace is that interactions appear immediately. This allows designers to quickly test their design choices and see if they work.

2. Design Implementation

After investing in design perfection, designers should explain the visual and conceptual decisions to developers through prototypes. Prototypes not only take time in terms of preparation, but their design is also often implemented incorrectly due to misinterpretations.

With no-code tools, designers are able to place objects on their display and handle their visibility and behavior with ease and speed. In other words, they can design the end result without depending on anyone else.

To use myself as an example, when the Coronavirus pandemic hit, I worked with a small team on a project to help connect young volunteers to isolated seniors. In just three days, myself and another designer built the website and connected user registration data to a database, while the team’s developer worked to integrate data from the site into a separate mobile app.

The Effect Of No-code On Developers

Will no-code tools completely replace developers? The short answer: No. The significant change is in the way designers and developers can work together to create websites.

In addition to the development of CSS, Javascript has also evolved in parallel and perhaps even more. The idea that frontend developers need to control all the abilities makes no sense. And yet, the development of no-code over the years has enabled designers to build their own designs.

It’s a win-win situation, in which  developers can focus on developing logic, and designers have more control over the user experience and styling.

The Effort Is Not Yet Complete

I don’t want to leave you with the impression that designers have complete freedom to design with no-code tools. There are still some missing style capabilities that CSS has not yet solved, and these still require imperative development.

Unlike in the Middle Ages, where art was considered as handicraft without a theoretical basis, Renaissance developments changed the status of the artist — who was suddenly considered a polymath.

No-code tools remove bottlenecks, which allows designers to gain more ownership, influence, and control over the experiences they design.

We’ve come a long way from the days when designers weren’t able to bring their designs to life. As the Internet evolves, browsers align, capabilities are added and the accessibility of technology becomes easier — designers are faced with new opportunities to create, think, and change their status with no-code tools.

The no-code movement not only affects how things are done, but by who.

Credits: Yoav Avrahami and Jeremy Hoover contributed to this article.

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source http://www.scpie.org/the-renaissance-of-no-code-for-web-designers/ source https://scpie1.blogspot.com/2020/07/the-renaissance-of-no-code-for-web.html