#and sale of PCBs

[electronalytics]

Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) Market Analysis, Key Players, Share Dynamic Demand and Consumption to 2032

The printed circuit boards (PCBs) market refers to the industry involved in the design, production, and sale of PCBs, which are essential components in electronic devices. PCBs provide a platform for interconnecting and supporting various electronic components, such as integrated circuits (ICs), resistors, capacitors, and connectors.

printed circuit board market size is expected to increase USD 3.60 billion by 2032 and Growth Rate from 2023  CAGR of 3.9% Forecast Period 2023 To 2032

Here are some key points about the PCBs market:

Market Size and Growth: The PCBs market has experienced significant growth in recent years. Factors driving this growth include the increasing demand for consumer electronics, telecommunications equipment, automotive electronics, industrial automation, and healthcare devices. The proliferation of smart devices, Internet of Things (IoT) applications, and advancements in technologies like 5G and artificial intelligence also contribute to the expanding PCBs market.

Types of PCBs: PCBs come in different types, including single-sided, double-sided, multi-layered, rigid, flexible, and rigid-flex PCBs. Each type has its specific applications and advantages. For instance, flexible PCBs are used in wearable devices and applications where flexibility and compactness are essential, while multi-layered PCBs are commonly found in complex electronic systems like smartphones and computers.

Manufacturing Process: PCB manufacturing involves several steps, including design, substrate selection, copper etching, solder mask application, and component assembly. The industry has seen advancements in manufacturing techniques such as surface-mount technology (SMT) and advanced packaging, enabling smaller and more complex PCB designs.

Market Players: The PCBs market is highly competitive, with numerous manufacturers operating globally. Some of the key players in the industry include Nippon Mektron Ltd., Unimicron Technology Corp., Zhen Ding Technology Holding Limited, Tripod Technology Corporation, Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd., and TTM Technologies, Inc. These companies offer a wide range of PCB products and services to cater to different industries and customer requirements.

Regional Market: Asia-Pacific dominates the global PCBs market, primarily due to the presence of major electronics manufacturing hubs in countries like China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. These countries are known for their strong electronics industry, which drives the demand for PCBs. North America and Europe also contribute significantly to the market due to their established electronics and automotive sectors.

Emerging Trends: The PCBs market is influenced by several emerging trends. These include the miniaturization of electronic devices, the adoption of advanced materials and technologies for higher performance and reliability, the shift towards environmentally friendly and lead-free PCBs, and the growing demand for high-speed and high-frequency PCBs to support advanced applications.

It's worth noting that the PCBs market is subject to various factors, including technological advancements, regulatory requirements, supply chain dynamics, and customer demand. To obtain the most accurate and up-to-date information on the market, it's advisable to refer to industry reports, market research studies, and publications specific to the PCBs market.

I recommend referring to our Stringent datalytics firm, industry publications, and websites that specialize in providing market reports. These sources often offer comprehensive analysis, market trends, growth forecasts, competitive landscape, and other valuable insights into the humidity sensors market.

By visiting our website or contacting us directly, you can explore the availability of specific reports related to the humidity sensors market. These reports often require a purchase or subscription, but we provide comprehensive and in-depth information that can be valuable for businesses, investors, and individuals interested in the market.

Remember to look for recent reports to ensure you have the most current and relevant information.

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Market Segmentations: Global Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) Market: By Company • AT&S • Nippon Mektron • Unimicron • Samsung • Dynamic Electronics • Daeduck Electronics • CMK Corporation • Nan Ya PCB Co. • TTM Technologies • Shenzhen Kinwong Electronic Global Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) Market: By Type • Single-sided • Double-sided • Multi-layer Global Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) Market: By Application • Consumer Electronics • Aerospace and Defense • Automotive • Healthcare • Others Global Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) Market: Regional Analysis All the regional segmentation has been studied based on recent and future trends, and the market is forecasted throughout the prediction period. The countries covered in the regional analysis of the Global Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) market report are U.S., Canada, and Mexico in North America, Germany, France, U.K., Russia, Italy, Spain, Turkey, Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, and Rest of Europe in Europe, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, China, Japan, India, South Korea, Rest of Asia-Pacific (APAC) in the Asia-Pacific (APAC), Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, South Africa, Egypt, Israel, Rest of Middle East and Africa (MEA) as a part of Middle East and Africa (MEA), and Argentina, Brazil, and Rest of South America as part of South America.

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Reasons to Purchase Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) Market Report:

• To obtain insights into industry trends and dynamics, including market size, growth rates, and important factors and difficulties. This study offers insightful information on these topics.

• To identify important participants and rivals: This research studies can assist companies in identifying key participants and rivals in their sector, along with their market share, business plans, and strengths and weaknesses.

• To comprehend consumer behaviour: these research studies can offer insightful information about customer behaviour, including preferences, spending patterns, and demographics.

• To assess market opportunities: These research studies can aid companies in assessing market chances, such as prospective new goods or services, fresh markets, and new trends.

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In general, market research studies offer companies and organization’s useful data that can aid in making decisions and maintaining competitiveness in their industry. They can offer a strong basis for decision-making, strategy development, and business planning.

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[moghedien]

Got the alphasmart I’m gonna mod with a mechanical keyboard in

It needs cleaning, and if I can’t get the permanent marker off I’m gonna probably spray paint it too, but it’s in overall good shape

Typing on it feels absolutely horrible though and really makes me appreciate the Neo2 I already have

Also I wonder if I can potentially give it a bit of a better screen too…

[ellasent]

???

Ok.

[nekoewen]

If you insist on doing a capitalism today, maybe check out my Etsy shop, Weird Little Keebs, where I have mechanical keyboard stuff (PCBs, some pre-made boards, and other oddities), zines, and some 3D-printed weirdness, plus I’m running a sale until the end of the month. (Art of my OC holding up a Corne keyboard is by monosílabo.)

[great-pcb]

Quick Turn PCB Assembly for Urgent Projects

Quick turn PCB assembly provides fast and reliable circuit board assembly, ideal for projects with tight deadlines or urgent prototyping needs. This service offers accelerated production without sacrificing quality, ensuring that your electronics project moves from design to completion swiftly, helping you stay competitive in fast-paced markets.

[inyantra]

Services at inYantra Technologies Pune, India

[keriastarfishlady]

I look forward to meeting people who are destined, whether at work or in life.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/keria-chen-integrated-circuits-agents-distributors-market-manager-17abb7305?utm_source=share&utm_campaign=share_via&utm_content=profile&utm_medium=ios_app

[mikeshouts]

Evangelion-themed Battery-free Light Up PCB Art iPhone 14 Cases

Now for iPhone 14...

Follow us for more Tech Culture and Lifestyle Stuff.

[fuzzkaizer]

CBS Arbiter - WAH-FUZZ-SWELL

"The front 'power driver' logo appears to be missing & a footswitch / pot have been replaced (originals included in the sale) along with other potential minor service components."

enclosure structurally integrates various points for possible mounting of the PCB

cred: reverb.com/Pedal Pawn

[hometoursandotherstuff]

The large 1893 St. Anthony’s Church in Belleville, Kentucky has been converted into condos. This 2 bd. 2 bath unit is for sale for $425K. 

I’m not loving all the stairs, inside & out, if you’re coming home with groceries, etc., but let’s go in. 

This unit has a 2nd level and is a very large open concept living space with a dramatic open loft.

They’ve left some of the original wood ceiling and beautiful stained glass. (But, you can’t look out the windows.)

The entrance doors open to a small sitting area and the kitchen.

Galley style kitchen isn’t for a person who likes a big kitchen, but it’s adequate.

Flexible dining space. Looks like they left part of the choir loft above.

Living room area is in the far corner.

It looks like the main bd. is meant to be in the open loft.

Love the wood work and mural behind the bed.

The main en suite.

The 2nd bd. and en suite.

It has a nice laundry room.

Here’s a cute feature- they left the small light that indicated when the confessional was occupied.

This unit comes with a basement and a storage room.

Plus, you also get a garage.

https://www.facebook.com/ForTheLoveOfOldHouses/photos/pcb.3555551781377516/3555525068046854/

[zoewang11]

hi,I'm zoe,a sales engineer in the Shenzhen STHL Electronics Co.,Ltd.we are a professional PCB & PCBA manufacturing servicer with more than 18 years of experience located in Shenzhen, China. Mainly provide services of electronic components sourcing + PCB fabrication + PCB Assembly + Housing assembly + Function testing services.

Our factory covers 7000+ square meters, has 5 (Panasonic) high-speed SMT production lines, 2 DIP lines, 2 testing lines, and 180+ workers, passed ISO9001, ISO14001, ISO13485 and IATF 16949 certifications, win recognization by Littelfuse, Hisense,Surfilter, etc.

[aricastmblr]

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[ksdb]

1-key keyboard "waitier"

The keyboard produced in collaboration with ◤◢◤◢◤◢◤◢ is now on sale. It will be a keyboard with only one key, composed of 14 layers of PCB.

This is a finished product, so no assembly is required.

Size: 3.7H x 1D x 2.3W Application deadline: 2022/10/31 (JST)

-

◤◢◤◢◤◢◤◢ さんとのコラボレーションで制作したキーボードが受注販売中です。

14層のPCBで構成された、1キーのみのキーボードになります。 こちらは完成品のため、組み立てなどは必要ありません。

サイズ：95x59x25.6mm 受付締切：10/31(月)まで

詳細はFANBOXの投稿をご確認ください。 https://ksdb2.fanbox.cc/posts/4647942

order link↓

[amy-hitechpcb]

Mastering the future, choose an outstanding partner for PCB and PCBA production!

🌐 Extensive Expertise: We are industry leaders in PCB and PCBA production, excelling in handling various complex circuit board requirements. Regardless of the scale of your project, we provide comprehensive solutions to ensure the perfect realization of your creative ideas.

🚀 Agile Response, Efficient Delivery: Time is the key to success. We take pride in our agility and efficiency, responding promptly to your needs and delivering high-quality products in the shortest possible time. Whether it’s an urgent project or a regular order, we deliver with swift precision.

🤝 Full Collaboration, Proactive After-Sales: We understand the true meaning of collaboration. We not only closely collaborate with you during the production phase to ensure smooth processes, but our after-sales service is also actively proactive. Any questions, requirements, or issues will be swiftly addressed with solutions.

Choosing us is choosing a guarantee of trust, quality, and efficiency. Partner with us to jointly create future technological wonders!

[voskhozhdeniye]

Today, we say goodbye to four of our popular modules: Basimilus Iteritas Alter, Manis Iteritas, Cursus Iteritas, and Ataraxic Iteritas. 

A little Iteritas backstory: history of the making of the Basimilus

Way back in the early days of Noise Engineering, Stephen needed to choose a CPU for our oscillators. The landscape at that time was quite different and Stephen, being both new to the world of embedded CPUs and opinionated about what he needed in a processor, opted for a model made by a company called XMOS. It was powerful enough to do what he wanted to do with Sinc Iter (our long defunct 4hp oscillator) and the original Basimilus Iteritas. 

One of the other perks of the CPU was that it was on the more affordable side of the options that fit the bill. In this case, affordability went hand in hand with being an older product in the XMOS lineup. This is what is known as foreshadowing.

XMOS had drawbacks too

As time went on, we saw drawbacks to using the XMOS. It’s not a user-friendly CPU. It’s not able to be updated in the field. To use the XMOS, we designed a special daughterboard (that small board that lives on the back of your Iteritas). It requires a special programmer that then has to connect to a custom PCB that we designed. It also requires special software and knowledge of the command line. 

While there were times that we would have liked it to be field updateable, this limitation was really brought into bright relief when we designed the Versio line. With Versio (and now Legio), customers can swap firmwares through a simple USB connection. This has been wildly popular and lots of you have written in to tell us how much you enjoy this ability.

The core Iteritas modules have two different hardwares: Cursus and Basimilus Iteritas Alter share one version and Manis and Ataraxic Iteritas share another. Over the years, we’ve had a handful of people ask if it is possible to swap them out, and we have had to explain that it’s not possible. 

But the thing is that we didn’t have a good alternative, and we could get XMOS, so we lived with the tradeoffs. 

So what changed?

We spent years living in fear that XMOS would one day end-of-life (EOL) our chip. Over the course of the pandemic, we got them in fits and starts and with zero predictability, despite lead-time buys of over a year. We managed to make it work (and a giant shout out to our manufacturer for making it so), but we were starting to see the writing on the wall.

And then one day, the letter came. 

XMOS has officially EOL’d our part. They are gone. Not being able to get the CPU is, to us, a reasonably compelling reason to reassess a product.

What does this mean for the product line?

We have seven Eurorack products that run on XMOS:

The four core Iteritas: Ataraxic, Basimilus, Cursus, Manis

Loquelic Iteritas

Loquelic Iteritas Percido

Cursus Iteritas Percido

XMOS let us know about the EOL at a time when we had a reasonable stock of CPUs, which allowed us to make some spreadsheets (one of our favorite things, as many of you know) and think through options.

The sales velocity of the core Iteritas is high enough that we are concerned about the stock of CPUs. The other Iteritas sell a bit slower. This informed a very difficult decision in a frankly bleak year to cull some of our most popular products. 

The bottom line/TL:DR: We are discontinuing the four core Iteritas, but Loquelic Iteritas, Loquelic Iteritas Percido, and Cursus Iteritas Percido will remain in production for the foreseeable future. 5U (the four core Iteritas) will remain in production as well for the moment. And if you're still in the market for one of the discontinued Iteritas, many retailers still have them in stock, so you've still got time to pick one up.

This option allows us to set aside extra CPUs for warranty repairs. If your module malfunctions, we want to be able to help, and if we don’t have any spare parts, we won’t be able to get them in the future.

Are you going to replace the modules you EOL’d?

Oscillators are one of our favorite types of module in Eurorack, and we have lots of ideas we want to explore in the sound-generator space. We still have plenty of oscillators and voices in our lineup (in additional to the Loquelic Iteritas/Percido and Cursus Iteritas Percido, we also have the Tymp Legio for percussion and Virt Iter Legio for stereo sound design). We hope to eventually have some more direct replacements for you, but for now, we’re working on some other grand things.

[jonphaedrus]

epomaker mini cat 64 build talk

ok i guess a couple people said theyd be interested so let's talk to most recent custom i did, for my friend @jowritesfantasy, of an epomaker mini cat 64.

the final build is an epomaker mini cat 64, with kailh box white v2 switches, and a great wave off of kanagawa (dark) cherry profile keycap set. total cost for what is essentially a full (budget) custom build is about $150USD without tax (off of bezoshell).

note: i am a vision-impaired hobbyist with shitty, shaky hands. i am by far not an expert. this is literally just "all the crap i've had to figure out from the ground up as a basic guide". there are more comprehensive references out there, and build guide videos for most custom kits, and do more research, not less, before building. nothing here is gospel and many people do it differently.

anyway, let's talk turkey.

BASIC GLOSSARY:

keyboard: the whole shebang. case, pcb, switch, caps, everything. the thing you type on.

case: the acrylic/aluminium/ceramic/whatever body that the pcb, switches, and keys live in.

pcb: the brain of the keyboard. you can have one where the switches must be soldered in, or you can have one where the switches can be hot swapped, which means you can change them out without any need to use a soldering iron. pcbs can be bought separately from cases.

group buy: when a bunch of people buy in to get a custom keyboard made by pooling resources up front.

switch: the mechanical switch that you solder or hot swap into a pcb to make the button press. there are thre (standard) types: linear, tactile, and clicky. switches work just fine without lubing. this is optional.

stabilizers/stabs: the support stabilizers for your wider keys that help keep them steady and don't let them wobble. there are two standard types—pcb mounted (screw-in, usually) and plate-mounted (click-in). please lube your stabs. krytox 205g0 is good. otherwise trust me, they will rattle. oh, god, will they fucking rattle.

keycaps: the thingy that goes on top of the switch that you actually press. they come in about a million profiles and in every possible permutation or color you can think of. if they're cherry/mx stem, they'll be compatible with most modern mechanical keyboard switches on the market.

QMK/VIA: software that lets you change what buttons on your keyboard do what.

keyboard %/keyboard #: how many keys are on the keyboard. the 64 mini cat has...64 keys. a 78ish key is the full f-row and most standard laptop keyboards. TKL is tenkeyless, or no numpad. 100%/180 is the entire keyboard, numpad and all. 40% is babymode aka "you like layers? i'll give you layers". each board has its use, everyone has their preferences.

ergo: a keyboard designed to be more ergonomic. ergo boards have different layouts and spacing and height. some are split, some aren't, these days one of the more standard ergo layouts is the alice/arisu. it's nice. i recommend it. (my custom is an alice)

custom: you build it, you decide everything you want on it, you buy all that shit, and you put it together.

prebuilt: open box, plug and play.

from the getgo, while epomaker does offer this for sale ready to plug and play, i knew we would not be buying this premade (both because i wanted to build it, the whole point was i wanted to build it and jo wanted it) and also, epomaker didn't offer clicky switches. jo's previous board had cherry/gateron (not clear which? one or the other) blues, which are the "standard" clicky switch: they're 65g actuation, they click, and there are better options. (note: this blog is a cherry mx hatezone. sorry.) i also knew that i was going to have to get a bit creative with VIA layers because jo works on spreadsheets and this is a 64 key board—no numpad. you kinda need a numpad for spreadsheets.

i didn't know much about clicky keys before this (i personally have sad shitty little goobaby hands that can barely even handle 43g linear switches and most people i know use tactiles), so i had to do a bit of research. you can hear (cherry only) sound profiles and comparison here, and this gives you a pretty standard idea of what mechanical switches sound like.

linear keys tend to be the lightest actuation, since they're for gaming most of the time; tactiles are all over the place and have the most options since theyre the most popular; clicky tend to be a little heavier overall. the "actuation" force in grams is how much pressure it takes to make a keypress go through, the "bottom out" is how much it takes to make the key hit the bottom of its arc. tactiles and clicky keys both make sounds/have texture bumps when the actuation of the key happens; linears you just push.

a short list selection:

cherry mx blue (the "standard" click): 60g actuation, 60g bottom out.

gateron blues (the original clone of the standard): 55g actuation.

cherry mx green/gateron green: 80g actuation, 90g bottom out

kailh box white v2: 45g actuation, 55g bottom out. (note: this is the same actuation/bottom out as the v1; the v2 has increased stability and stronger springs)

we ended up picking the kailh box white v2s because of comparative sound testing, the revision being even sturdier than the original box whites, they were on sale when we bought them and came in a closer to 64 switch pack, and they're about 65¢ a switch. not bad, all things considered. they're lighter than the standard mx blue, have a brighter, springier sound (even unlubed) and the "box" around the stem of the switch makes the connection between switch and keycap more reliable, which is a problem that happened to jo's old keyboard (the stem housing of the keycap broke; there's basically no way to get a replacement without shelling out a good bit of cash for an entire set, the box should help prevent that in the future).

the next thing was keycaps—you can do research about keycap profiles until the cows come home, but there's basically two types. "flat" keycaps are interchangeable per row (so work great if you aren't using a qwerty layout or you don't have a standard layout keyboard), "differentiated" have different heights per row (so work great if you have a hard time finding the right keys or are using a condensed keyboard model where you might get lost in the sauce if everything is the same).

the most common profile is cherry—if you want to find something super fun keycaps-wise, cherry is probably what you'll end up with. every keycap profile presents a slightly different sound because of how the plastic housing handles the noise of the switch (sa has more hollow thock; xda has a little more rumble because it's flat; cherry is a little snappier). frankly, imo, the texture/shape of the key is more the question to keep in mind (as well as the type of plastic they're made with—pbt is much, much more reliable). jo wanted dark wave with whale, we found dark wave with whale, it was cherry profile. success.

(note: knockoff keycaps can be a mixed bag—they use different fonts, the stems can be less reliable, even if they are doubleshot (two different kinds of plastic, layered on top of each other for more stability) and pbt. however, they're a lot more affordable. i like having more keycaps. im also cheap. that said, groupbuy or direct from source keycaps are also rad as hell. it's your call)

the epomaker mini cat is a hot-swap board, which means all that the switches had to do was to be popped into their housing. when popping switches into hotswap, always test the pcb beforehand. always. if you fuck up the pcb during switch installation, that is what it is, and you want to know if there's a problem before that happens. (shit can get weird. trust me. my custom pcb is currently getting replaced because of a freak usb-c daughterboard soldering incident that basically cannot be fixed, and everything worked fine in testing... but it's uncommon).

to build this board, i took it in a series of steps:

1: disassemble the entire board, flip the pcb (the "brain" of the keyboard) over, and manually test all the keys with a keyboard tester website and a paperclip. to test the diodes, you want to put your paperclip/tweezers/whatever into the outsides of the diode, not directly into the slot where your switch pins will go

you shouldn't need to shove. just set them there. your key tester should click, light up, or, if you're me, say "josh"

2: once i knew the pcb was good, it was time to disassembe the plate and the stabs. the stabs that came with the mini-cat 64 were plate-mounted and came unlubed, so i clicked them out with my tiny screwdriver, took them apart, and lubed them. if i had a buck for every stabilizer build and lube guide that actually refused to show the parts of a stabilizer, i'd have a lot of bucks, so here's some photos from me. these are akko transparent pink pcb-mounted, screw-in stabilizers. my hands are shaky as fuck so i apologize for any blurriness.

there are three basic components to the stabilizer—the bar, and the two-part housing. when you take a stabilizer apart, whether or not it's screw-in or clip-in, the bar clips and unclips, and the housing works the same.

less lube is always better (you can always add more): when lubing stabs, you want to lube the inside of the larger housing on the two wider portions and the back, where the smaller portion is levered up and down and will hit the plastic, and the part of the bar that goes into it. this is all the stuff that will click and clack if it touches each other.

sorry this is a transparent stab so it's kind of hard to see, but when reassembling your stabilizers, the smaller piece will have one side with two holes, and one side with one hole. two holes goes in the front. business in the front, party in the back, whatever. you can see here where the clicky space thing that you click the stabilizer bar into.

i apologize for my shaky ass hands. sorry. the realy nice thing about transparent stabs, otoh, is you can see where the actual bar goes—it goes into the bottom of the two holes, so that the interior part of the housing is lifted up and down when the bar moves. that's it! click it in once it's in the right hole, you're done.

3: it is time to Insert the Switch. most switches tend to be plate-mounted. the "plate" is the part of the case that goes above the pcb, and is what aligns (and holds in) the switches, so that they land in the right spot. here's an example of a pcb and a plate

the plate fits on over the stabs, and then you have your "alignment" for your switches in place. now you know where your switches go, it's time to stick them in. the smaller, metal holes on each switch location are where the pins go—this is a "south facing" rgb pcb, meaning the pins go in up top, with the smd led (the little per-switch light) facing toward, not away from, the user. north-facing switches are more common. (for anyone curious, this is a mechloving adelais en ciel rv3 pcb, akko transparent pink screw-in stabs, and a switchcouture aluminium plate)

take your switch, align your pins, push in the side with the pins first to be sure they go into their sockets straight, and then push them the rest of the way in to click. hot swap sockets can be finnicky and a little fragile, so when installing switches into a hot swap pcb, you want to push straight down into something below—i.e., take the back off of the case and put the pcb flat on a soft, but sturdy, surface, like a deskmat. then click them in.

and now you've got a keyboard! time for the fun part. put those keycaps on and give it a test.

well, now you have a working keyboard. except for one small issue... the person using this keyboard needs a numpad! okay, so that means that you need to get CREATIVE.

all our keyboards have some level of "layer mapping"—shift + a = A. that's a layer, becuse it changes the key input. on my keyboard, because i use a mac with the extended international keyboard, alt + a = ¯. that's another layer. most people are more familiar with fn + 1 = f1. that's a layer.

for this keyboard, since jo needed a numpad, the way to do that is to make use of it being via compatible and to build that in as a layer. via is a great program (wish it worked with firefox!) in that it's as close to plug and play as you can really get for something like this. it's all overlay, you just click what you need. i am stupidbad at tech, and i can figure it out. let's take a look at the layers that are mapped into this keyboard:

here we have layer 0 (the "home" layer, what the keyboard's base state is), layer 1 (the "modifier" layer), and layer 2 (the "spreadsheet") layer. i made a few changes after i took these screenshots pgup/dwn/home/end are on the modifier layer now and not just the spreadhseet layer), but this is pretty much the final version. in via, the upside-down triangle means that the button naturally defers down to the layer below it. this means, on all layers, the red circle is always the fn/modifier button. if you're on the spreadsheet layer and press fn+1, it will be f1, because that button is always fn.

the "modifier" layer came baked into the keyboard, since that's the way that the function row buttons/the keyboard light adjustment works. all i added was the blue "toggle" layer button, which, when pressed with the fn button, turns the spreadsheet layer on.

even more simply, if you push fn+ralt, it makes the keyboard be for spreadsheets.

on the spreadsheet layer, the right-hand side of the keyboard becomes a numpad, the arrows automatically work as up/down/home/end, and, most importantly, a/s/z/x/c/v are all macros. what those look like, in the via programming, is {KC_LCTL,KC_C} (that's "ctrl+c" as one button press), with the KC_[] changed out for the key you're swapping in as a shortcut. when on the spreadsheet layer, pressing "z" is the same as "ctrl/cmd+z" normally is—only now you only have to hit the button once. that's true for that entire set of macros. so, if you need to save? hit s. if you need to select all? hit a. if you need to cut? hit x. paste? hit v. there's no need to push ctrl at the same time—that's baked into the keys.

you can do this with any keyboard that is qmk/via compatible, by the way. it's fucking amazing. if you work on spreadsheets all the time? awesome. now you can numberpunch one-handed, and copy/paste/undo with the other, no need to use multiple keys.

the macro building and layering on via for this keyboard was waaaay better than what i did on my wife 1.0 (sorry, wife 1.0) and i'll be using the same setup on wife 2.0 (whenver wife 2.0 gets here). overall, this is honestly a really affordable custom board with a lot of adjustment options built in. it was a ton of fun to build, really simple and straightforward in terms of setup, and it's got bongocat on it.

also honestly if i had to get clickies, i'd do the box whites. they're really nice and dont make my fingers feel like they're about to break when typing.