#basque:vocab

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I'm trying to get back into the swing of studying Basque a bit more, so I'm going to try to listen to a song every day and look up all the words I don't know. I'm starting off with this song from Idoia's newest album, De amar y desandar, which is called "Autofikzioa" and which I'm a big fan of.

ilunpetan - in the dark (from ilunpe - 'darkness')

ito - to drown

kontraesan - contradiction

errai - gut

gatibu - captive, prisoner

hala ere - despite everything, nonetheless

(Ez nago ziur zer den "urperatzear" - uste dut "urpe" eta "atze" elkartzen dituela baina ez dakit zer esaten nahi duen)

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Gaurko abestia: "Zapalduen olerkia" - Ken Zazpi

Erronka hau pixka bat aldatu nahi dut: egunero, abesti bat aukeratuko dut eta hitzak idazten saiatuko naiz. Gero, hemen ez dudan ezagutu hitzak ipiniko ditut. Eta euskaraz idatziko dut, oso gaizki baina egin ahal dut, ba egingo dut!

Gaur egun Ken Zazpi-ren "Zapalduen olerkia" aukeratu dut, oso abesti polita da eta asko gustatzen zait. Bertsio hau Euskadiko Orkestra Sinfonikoa-rekin eta nire gustokoena da, baina jatorrizkoa ere atsegin dut.

Hiztegia berria:

ezintasun - inability, incapacity

zapaldu - to oppress

estali - to cover

samin - sorrow, grief (also adj. bitter)

bizigabe - lifeless

istripu - accident

Eta galdera pare bat: (1) "hurbilao" eta "hurbil" berdina da edo zer da desberdintasuna? (2) zer esan nahi du "estalita dute"? (ezin dut ulertu zein denbora den)

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Day 1 - Musical Instruments (EUS)

musika tresna - musical instrument

piano - piano

biolin, bibolin - violin

gitarra - guitar

bateria - drums

baxu - bass

tronpeta - trumpet

tronboi - trombone

txirula - flute, whistle

trikitixa - diatonic accordion

pandero - tambourine

txalaparta - xylophone-like percussion instrument

ttun-ttun - string drum

alboka - single-reed horn

hari - string

arku - bow

tekla - key

pedal - pedal

tonuan jarri, afinatu - to tune

jo - to play

entsegu - to rehearse

kontzertu - concert

talde - group, band

orkestra - orchestra

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Day 2 - Music Theory (EUS)

Quizlet set is here!

musika - music

nota - note

erritmo - rhythm

pultsazio, aldi - beat

konpas - measure

maior - major (n.)

maiorreko - major (adj.)

minor - minor (n.)

minorreko - minor (adj.)

eskala - scale

zortzidun - octave

diese - sharp

bemol - flat

akorde - chord

doinu, melodi - melody

harmonia - harmony

partitura - score

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Gaurko abestia: "Beruna urre" - Bele

Abesti hau zailagoa izan da niretzat, ez dut asko ulertu, baina horrengatik hitz berri batzuk ikasi dut. Talde berria da, eta oso polita da bere musika, gomendatzen dut. 

Hiztegi berria:

zori - chance, luck

hautatu - to choose, to select

asti - free time

azti - clever, magic

haritz - oak

gupida - compassion, piety

lohi - mud

karramarro - crab

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MONONOKE PRINTZESA: Hiztegiak Euskaraz - 6. Atala

Hey look, several months literally way more than half a year later, I’m finally trying to finish watching Princess Mononoke! I think I have about a quarter of it left, but a fair amount of that might be action which goes by a lot quicker because I don’t need to translate it 😅 And here’s the Quizlet set for those who are interested in studying the vocabulary :’)

arrunt - ordinary, common, run-of-the-mill

hiltzaile - murderer, killer

ergel - stupid, foolish

hedatu - to extend

lotan - sleeping

hilzori - agony, dying

etzan - to rest, to lie

txikitu - to destroy, to cut up

ahul - weak

soil - simple, pure

burugogor - stubborn

alferrik galdu - to waste

gori - red-hot

ehortzi - to bury

amu - hook

lurrazpi - underground

jaurti - to throw

aintzira - lake

tori - take!

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Food Vocabulary in Basque

Photo by Dan Gold on Unsplash

Vocabulary related to food from my Basque class notes! Let me know if there are any mistakes. You can find the Quizlet set here!

Barazkiak - Vegetables

alberjinia - eggplant

arbi - turnip

aza - cabbage

azalore - cauliflower

azenario - carrot

baba - fava bean

babarrun - bean

baratxuri - garlic

dilista - lentil

erremolatxa - beet

garbantzu, txitxirio - chickpea

ilar - pea

kalabaza - pumpkin

kalabazin, kuiatxo - zucchini

leka - green bean

orburu, alkatxofa, artixot - artichoke

perretxiko - mushroom

perrexil - parsley

piper - pepper

porru - leek

tipula - onion

tomate - tomato

uraza, letxuga - lettuce

zainzuri - asparagus

zerba - Swiss chard

ziazerba - spinach

Frutak - Fruits

ahuakate - avocado

angurri, sandia - watermelon

gerezi - cherry

laranja - orange

limoi - lemon

mahats - grapes

mandarina - mandarin

marrubi - strawberry

meloi - melon

platano - banana

sagar - apple

txirimoia - custard apple

udare, madari - pear

Esnekiak - Dairy

esne - milk

gazta - cheese

gurin - butter

jogurt - yogurt

mami, gatzatu - curd

Haragia - Meat

azpizun - sirloin

hanburgesa - hamburger

odolki - blood pudding

oilasko - chicken

saltxitxa - sausage

solomo - loin

txistor - chistorra, pork sausage

txorizo - chorizo

txuleta - chop

urdaiazpiko - jamón, Spanish ham

xerra - steak

Arrainak - Fish

antxoa - anchovy

atun - tuna

bakailao - cod

berdel - mackerel

itsaski - shellfish

legatz - hake

muskuilu - mussel

muxila, txirla - clam

olagarro - octopus

sardina - sardine

txipiroi - squid

Janari Prestatuak - Prepared Food

albondiga, haragi-bola - meatballs

arroz-esne - rice pudding

eltzeko, erregosi - stew

entsalada - salad

entsaladilla - potato salad

ezti - honey

flan - flan

izozki - ice cream

kroketa - croquettes

natilla - custard

ogitarteko - sandwich

oilasko erre - roast chicken

opil - roll, bun

patata frijitu - french fry

patata-tortilla - potato omelette

salda - broth

tarta - cake

txokolate - chocolate

zopa - soup

Bestelako jakiak - Other Foods

arrautza - egg

arroz - rice

arto - corn

azukre - sugar

fideo - noodle

fruitu lehor - nut, dried fruit

gatz - salt

irin - flour

kafe - coffee

kamamila - chamomile

makarroi - macaroni

ogi - bread

oliba - olive

olio - oil

ozpin - vinegar

piperbeltz - pepper (spice)

te - tea

Edariak - Drinks

ardo - wine

freskagarri - soda

garagardo - beer

patxaran - pacharan (sloe aniseed brandy)

sagardo - cider

txakolin - chacoli (tangy white wine)

ur - water

zuku - juice

Jatorduak - Meals

gosari - breakfast

bazkari - lunch

askari - afternoon snack

afari - dinner

hamarretako, hamaiketako - elevenses, midmorning snack

Aditzak - Verbs

jan - eat

edan - drink

prestatu - prepare, cook

irakin - boil (water)

egosi - boil (food), bake

erosi - buy

eskatu - order

gosaldu - eat breakfast

bazkaldu - eat lunch

afaldu - eat dinner

gose izan - be hungry

egarri izan - be thirsty

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I started watching Princess Mononoke with Basque subtitles (which you can watch here 👀) and I’ve been going through and looking up all the vocabulary that I don’t understand. Here’s the first part (~first 20 minutes of the movie), some of the words have multiple defintions and I’ve only put here the one relevant to the dialogue I was trying to understand:

gizatiar - human

igarle - prophet

madarikazio - curse

uki - touch

zauritu - to injure, to wound

isuri - to pour

makurtu - to bow, to surrender

hilobi - grave

hileta - funeral

izaki - being

higuingarri - disgusting, detestable

neu - myself

albiste - news

basurde - wild boar

amorratu - to infuriate, to irritate

igarri - to predict, to notice

gezi - arrow

jaurti - to throw, to shoot

patu - destiny

lausotu - to cloud over

egotzi - to blame

gizaldi - generation

jadanik - already

debekatu - forbidden, to forbid

ardura - care

aizto - knife

borrokaldi - fighting

muino - hill

agudo - quickly

harrapatu - to catch

orban - stain

txiza - urine

aizun - false

aztertu - to examine, to study

pinporta - grain, lump

inozo - stupid

lekaide - friar

zakukada - full sack

hanka egin - to run away, to escape

segika - following

erakustaldi - exhibition

erraldoi - giant

zehar - through, along

arrasto - trace, mark

zoragarri - wonderful

uholde - flood

inguratu - to surround

izurrite - plague

hilezkor - immortal

trukean - in exchange

katilu - cup, bowl

orein - deer

akabatu - to kill, to die

I made a Quizlet set here, I’ll keep adding stuff to it as I go!

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MONONOKE PRINTZESA: Hiztegiak Euskaraz - 5. Atala

More vocab from Mononoke Printzesa, I’ve also added it all to the  Quizlet set so study away!

egotzi - to expel, to throw

maltzur - crafty, wily

hagin - molar, tooth

tximu - monkey

are ...-ago - even more ...

etsi - to consider

axola - care, worry, interest

berritsu - gossipy, slanderous

inork ez bezala - unlike anyone

noranahi - anywhere, wherever

kirastu - to reek

ehiztari - hunter

alegia - legend

lehenagoko - previous

letagin - fang

koldar - coward

honako hau - this (n.)

murtxikatu - to chew

gizakume - man

ezgauza - useless, trifle

botere - power, ability

erregutu - to beg

bular - chest

urde - pig

froga - proof

aurrena - firstly, first of all

burutsu - sensible, reasonable

hara - well now

atzera - once again

ahaltsu - powerful

deuseztatu - to remove, to destory

aurka - against

txilio - scream, shriek

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MONONOKE PRINTZESA: Hiztegiak Euskaraz - 2. Atala

More vocab because I watched 10 more minutes of the movie! Quizlet set is here, with words from the first part and hopefully continued updates ^-^

zenbat eta ...-ago - the more, the ....-er

garraiatu - to transport, to carry

idi - bullock, ox

sutauts - (gun)powder

irismen - reach, range

kume - cub

... besterik - just, only, nothing more than

jainkosa - goddess

askoz gehiago - much more

kalte - harm, damage

arduratu - to care, to worry

erresuma - kingdom

alde! - out!, begone!

okerrera egin - to make worse

nekez - difficultly

milaka - by the thousands

galant - big, beautiful

oinatz - footprint

beharbada - maybe, probably

okertu - to make a mistake

salbu - safe

atseden - rest, break

eutsi - hold on

bat-batean - suddenly

jada - already

hautsi - to break

gotorleku - fortress

meategi - mine

itzain - ox driver

zaindari - guard, warden

mozorro - disguise

tiratzaile - marksman

bizkar - back

biziki - strongly, intensely

igaro - to pass

ederto - well, great

lerdokeria - ridiculousness

puztu - to inflate, to brag

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MONONOKE PRINTZESA: Hiztegiak Euskaraz - 3. Atala

Approximately 10 more minutes of vocab! Quizlet set is here and includes words from all the previous parts, we’ll see how much more I can do before school starts :’)

banatu - to share, to distribute

eragozpen - impediment, obstruction

aizu! - listen!

ukuilu - stable, stall

traba egin - to impede

arreta - interest, attention

zorigaizto - bad luck, misfortune

kutsatu - to contaminate

bizar - beard

agortu - to run out

lehenbizi - firstly

ebaki - to cut

untziratu (ontziratu) - to embark

iritzi - to presume, to appear, to believe

gutiziatu - to desire, to covet

erdibitu - to cut in half

pisutsu - heavy, important

arinki - quickly

babesgarri - protection

lodi - thickness

jokatu - to play, to joke

hilgarri - fatal, lethal

atsekabetu - to inflict, to cause pain

sarraski - killing, massacre

gutxietsi - to underestimate

bezainbeste - as much as

mendeku - revenge

aterpe - refuge

bendatu - to bandage

ereite - seed, sowing

muin - essence

ohiko - normal, typical

bazter - corner, side

elezahar - legend

legendun - leper

agindu - to order, to control

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MONONOKE PRINTZESA: Hiztegiak Euskaraz - 4. Atala

A bit more than 10 minutes of vocab, I’ll try to catch up now that I��m sort of back in the swing of things but it may be a hot sec before the next one. As always, Quizlet set is here and is cumulative!

nekatu - to tire

txanda - turn, shift

topatu - to find

labe - oven, furnace

hesi - fence, enclosure

galdara - boiler

amarru - trick

isilarazi - to silence

gai izan - to be capable of

haginka egin - to bite

albo - side

zorabiatu - to faint

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Basque City Vocab

Image credit: Cityscape - Bilbao (Tommie Hansen)

Basque vocabulary relating to the city! The Quizlet set of this vocab is here.

hiri - city

herri - town (also country)

auzo - neighborhood

etxe - house

etxebizitza, apartamentu - apartment, flat

etxebizitza-bloke, apartamentu-bloke - apartment building, apartment block

tren geltoki - train station

autobus geltoki - bus stop

metro geltoki - subway station

plaza - square

kale - street

errepide - road, highway

zubi - bridge

portu - port, harbor

alde zahar - old city, historical district

merkatu - market

supermerkatu - supermarket

kafetegi - cafe

jatetxe - restaurant

taberna - bar

hotel - hotel

antzoki - theater

zinema-areto - movie theater

museo - museum

liburutegi - library

eskola - school

unibertsitate - university

ospital - hospital

farmazia, botika - pharmacy

denda - store

banku - bank

lantegi - factory

udaletxe - town/city hall

epaitegi - courthouse

parke - park

zelai - field

estadio - stadium

eliza - church

tenplu - temple

sinagoga - synagogue

meskita - mosque

Let me know if you have any corrections!

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Geography and Climate Vocab in Basque

I’ve apparently had this sitting around from when I made my last Basque vocab list and just never posted it

Here is the Quizlet set!

Directions

norabide - direction

iparralde - north

ipar-ekialde - northeast

ekialde - east

hego-ekialde - southeast

hegoalde - south

hego-mendabalde - southwest

mendabalde - west

ipar-mendabalde - northwest

NORABIDEko - DIRECTIONern, from the DIRECTION

Natural Features

mendi - mountain

mendixka - hill

haran - valley

ibai - river

itsaso - sea

ozeano - ocean

itsasalde, kostalde - coast

hondartza - beach

baso - forest

zelai - field

Weather

zeru - sky

eguzki - sun

ilargi - moon

izar - star

hodei, laino - cloud

hodeitsu, lainotu - cloudy

euri - rain

elur - snow

haize - wind

ekaitz - storm

trumoi - thunder

tximista - lightning

hotz - cold

hozkirri - chilly, fresh

epel - warm

bero - hot

tenperatura - temperature

gradu - degree

negu - winter

udaberri - spring

uda - summer

udazken - fall, autumn

eguzki izan (eguzki da) - to be sunny

euria/elurra ari izan (i.e., euria ari du) - to be raining/snowing (at a specific moment)

euria/elurra egin - to rain/snow (in general or over a period of time)

hotza/beroa egon (i.e., hotza dago), hotz/bero izan (i.e., hotz da) - to be cold/hot (at the present moment)

hotza/beroa egin - to be cold/hot (at another time or in general)

ZENBAKI gradu egon - to be NUMBER degrees

Corrections are always welcome!

[guillemelgat]

(Above: L’home dels nassos, a Catalan New Years Tradition, in the city of Tarragona, where he is represented with a tradition capgros costume; from Raquel Fabregat Moliner on Flickr.)

Kaixo @givemethelanguages, I’m your @langblrsecretsanta for this year! I saw that you’re a linguistics major and study Basque and Catalan (all of which are things I am too), so I kind of went off for your present, I hope you don’t mind. I thought it might be interesting to combine some seasonal vocabulary in Catalan and Basque with historical linguistics, so here’s some fun etymological tidbits for you! Also we should definitely talk in Basque and Catalan I need more friends who study them

revetlla

the night before a festival, like English Eve or Spanish verbena

Etymology: from vetllar ‘to hold vigil, watch over’ (cognate with English vigil), which comes from Latin vīgīlare ‘to stay awake, hold vigil’; there is also a vigilar in Catalan, which comes from the same root but is a much later loan, the first being from the 13th century and the second from the 18th century.

Home dels nassos

the “Man of the Noses”, a Catalan tradition in which there is said to be a man with as many noses as days of the year, but who only becomes visible on December 31 (when he has one nose like everyone else)

Etymology: nas ‘nose’ from Latin nāsus ‘nose’ (cf. French nez and Italian naso); the Spanish and Portuguese nariz ‘nose’ comes from Latin nāris ‘nostril’, which also gives Catalan nariu ‘nostril’. All of these, in addition to the English nose, come from Proto-Indo-European néh₂s ‘nose’.

raïm

grapes (or a bunch), which are eaten with each bell toll at midnight on New Years (same as in most of Spain)

Etymology: either from Old Occitan razim ‘grape’ or Vulgar Latin racīmus, ultimately coming from Latin racēmus ‘bunch of grapes’; compare French raisin ‘grape’ and Spanish racimo ‘bunch (of fruit)’, which come from the same root. A single grape can also be gotim, which is a Catalan innovation possibly deriving from gota ‘drop’. Another interesting grape-related word is bagot ‘unripe grape left on the vine’, which may come from Proto-Celtic *bekos ‘bee’.

campanada

a bell toll, most prominently the bell tolls at midnight on New Years (although it can refer to any bell tolling as well)

Etymology: from campana ‘bell’, from Latin campāna, the demonym for the Campania region of Italy where the best bronze to make bells came from; this in turn comes from Latin campus ‘open or flat space, plain’, meaning that Catalan camp ‘field’ and campanada are cognate (and are cognate with English camp as well).

Olentzero

the Basque Santa Claus, who comes on December 31 in the town of Ermua (although on December 24 in most places)

Etymology: of unclear origins, attested forms include Onenzaro, Onentzaro, Olentzaro, Ononzaro, and Orentzago; the most sound theory posits that it was originally Onentzaro and is derived from on ‘good’ and -zaro ‘period of time, season’, referring to the winter solstice holiday (and possibly relating to the Spanish nochebuena). The holiday is called xubilaro or subilaro in some parts of Navarre, from subil ‘Yule log’ and -zaro; in other parts it is known as sekularo, which is likely to come from Latin saeculāris ‘worldly, temporal, profane’.

Urte berri on! / Bon any nou! / Feliz año nuevo! / Happy New Year!

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Basque Vocab: Talking about time

I made a Quizlet for this vocab, you can find it here!

Declensions/Suffixes

-ero - every

-(e)an, -etan - on (day), in (morning/night/etc, month), at (time)

-(e)tik, -etatik - from

-(e)ra, -etara - to

Relative Expressions

baino lehen, aurretik - before (with infinitive)

ondoren - after (with infinitive)

arte - until (with infinitive)

bitartean - while (with conjugated verb)

hurrengo, datorren - next

pasa den, joan den - last

gaur - today

bihar - tomorrow

atzo - yesterday

aurten - this year

iaz - last year

orain - now

orduan - then

hasieran - at the beginning

erdialdean - in the middle

bukaeran - at the end

Units of Time

goiz - morning

eguerdi - noon

arratsalde - afternoon, evening

gau - night

gauerdi - midnight

minutu - minute

ordu - hour

egun - day

aste - week

asteburu - weekend

hilabete - month

urte - year

Weekdays and Months

astelehen - Monday

astearte - Tuesday

asteazken - Wednesday

ostegun - Thursday

ostiral - Friday

larunbat - Saturday

igande - Sunday

urtarril - January

otsail - Febuary

martxo - March

apiril - April

maiatz - May

ekain - June

uztail - July

abuztu - August

irail - September

urri - October

azaro - November

abendu - December

Adverbs of Frequency

beti - always

askotan - often

maiz - frequently

batzuetan - sometimes

noizean behin - once in a while

gutxitan - hardly ever

inoiz ez - never

inoiz - ever (questions)

Numbers

zero, huts - zero

bat - one

bi - two

hiru - three

lau - four

bost - five

sei - six

zazpi - seven

zortzi - eight

bederatzi - nine

hamar - ten

hamaika - eleven

hamabi - twelve

hamahiru - thirteen

hamalau - fourteen

hamabost - fifteen

hamasei - sixteen

hamazazpi - seventeen

hemezortzi - eighteen

hemeretzi - nineteen

hogei - twenty

hogeita bat - twenty-one

hogeita bi - twenty-two

hogeita hiru - twenty-three

hogeita lau - twenty-four

hogeita bost - twenty-five

hogeita sei - twenty-six

hogeita zazpi - twenty-seven

hogeita zortzi - twenty-eight

hogeita bederatzi - twenty-nine

hogeita hamar - thirty

hogeita hamaika - thirty-one

berrogei - forty

hirurogei - sixty

laurogei - eighty

ehun - one hundred

berrehun - two hundred

hirurehun - three hundred

laurehun - four hundred

bostehun - five hundred

seiehun - six hundred

zazpiehun - seven hundred

zortziehun - eight hundred

bederatziehun - nine hundred

mila - one thousand

bi mila - two thousand

Time and Date

ORDUetan - at HOUR o'clock

EGUNean - on DAY

EGUNetan - on DAYs

URTEko HILABETEaren EGUNa - DAY MONTH YEAR or MONTH DAY, YEAR