#biodiversity of western ghats

[billionneuronscurious]

Utricularia striatula Flowers.

[fatehbaz]

Despite its green image, Ireland has surprisingly little forest. [...] [M]ore than 80% of the island of Ireland was [once] covered in trees. [...] [O]f that 11% of the Republic of Ireland that is [now] forested, the vast majority (9% of the country) is planted with [non-native] spruces like the Sitka spruce [in commercial plantations], a fast growing conifer originally from Alaska which can be harvested after just 15 years. Just 2% of Ireland is covered with native broadleaf trees.

Text by: Martha O’Hagan Luff. “Ireland has lost almost all of its native forests - here’s how to bring them back.” The Conversation. 24 February 2023. [Emphasis added.]

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[I]ndustrial [...] oil palm plantations [...] have proliferated in tropical regions in many parts of the world, often built at the expense of mangrove and humid forest lands, with the aim to transform them from 'worthless swamp' to agro-industrial complexes [...]. Another clear case [...] comes from the southernmost area in the Colombian Pacific [...]. Here, since the early 1980s, the forest has been destroyed and communities displaced to give way to oil palm plantations. Inexistent in the 1970s, by the mid-1990s they had expanded to over 30,000 hectares. The monotony of the plantation - row after row of palm as far as you can see, a green desert of sorts - replaced the diverse, heterogenous and entangled world of forest and communities.

Text by: Arturo Escobar. "Thinking-Feeling with the Earth: Territorial Struggles and the Ontological Dimension of the Epistemologies of the South." Revista de Antropologia Iberoamericana Volume 11 Issue 1. 2016. [Emphasis added.]

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But efforts to increase global tree cover to limit climate change have skewed towards erecting plantations of fast-growing trees [...] [because] planting trees can demonstrate results a lot quicker than natural forest restoration. [...] [But] ill-advised tree planting can unleash invasive species [...]. [In India] [t]o maximize how much timber these forests yielded, British foresters planted pines from Europe and North America in extensive plantations in the Himalayan region [...] and introduced acacia trees from Australia [...]. One of these species, wattle (Acacia mearnsii) [...] was planted in [...] the Western Ghats. This area is what scientists all a biodiversity hotspot – a globally rare ecosystem replete with species. Wattle has since become invasive and taken over much of the region’s mountainous grasslands. Similarly, pine has spread over much of the Himalayas and displaced native oak trees while teak has replaced sal, a native hardwood, in central India. Both oak and sal are valued for [...] fertiliser, medicine and oil. Their loss [...] impoverished many [local and Indigenous people]. [...]

India’s national forest policy [...] aims for trees on 33% of the country’s area. Schemes under this policy include plantations consisting of a single species such as eucalyptus or bamboo which grow fast and can increase tree cover quickly, demonstrating success according to this dubious measure. Sometimes these trees are planted in grasslands and other ecosystems where tree cover is naturally low. [...] The success of forest restoration efforts cannot be measured by tree cover alone. The Indian government’s definition of “forest” still encompasses plantations of a single tree species, orchards and even bamboo, which actually belongs to the grass family. This means that biennial forest surveys cannot quantify how much natural forest has been restored, or convey the consequences of displacing native trees with competitive plantation species or identify if these exotic trees have invaded natural grasslands which have then been falsely recorded as restored forests. [...] Planting trees does not necessarily mean a forest is being restored. And reviving ecosystems in which trees are scarce is important too.

Text by: Dhanapal Govindarajulu. "India was a tree planting laboratory for 200 years - here are the results." The Conversation. 10 August 2023. [Emphasis added.]

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Nations and companies are competing to appropriate the last piece of available “untapped” forest that can provide the most amount of “environmental services.” [...] When British Empire forestry was first established as a disciplinary practice in India, [...] it proscribed private interests and initiated a new system of forest management based on a logic of utilitarian [extraction] [...]. Rather than the actual survival of plants or animals, the goal of this forestry was focused on preventing the exhaustion of resource extraction. [...]

Text by: Daniel Fernandez and Alon Schwabe. "The Offsetted." e-flux Architecture (Positions). November 2013. [Emphasis added.]

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At first glance, the statistics tell a hopeful story: Chile’s forests are expanding. […] On the ground, however, a different scene plays out: monocultures have replaced diverse natural forests [...]. At the crux of these [...] narratives is the definition of a single word: “forest.” [...] Pinochet’s wave of [...] [laws] included Forest Ordinance 701, passed in 1974, which subsidized the expansion of tree plantations [...] and gave the National Forestry Corporation control of Mapuche lands. This law set in motion an enormous expansion in fiber-farms, which are vast expanses of monoculture plantations Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus species grown for paper manufacturing and timber. [T]hese new plantations replaced native forests […]. According to a recent study in Landscape and Urban Planning, timber plantations expanded by a factor of ten from 1975 to 2007, and now occupy 43 percent of the South-central Chilean landscape. [...] While the confusion surrounding the definition of “forest” may appear to be an issue of semantics, Dr. Francis Putz [...] warns otherwise in a recent review published in Biotropica. […] Monoculture plantations are optimized for a single product, whereas native forests offer [...] water regulation, hosting biodiversity, and building soil fertility. [...][A]ccording to Putz, the distinction between plantations and native forests needs to be made clear. “[...] [A]nd the point that plantations are NOT forests needs to be made repeatedly [...]."

Text by: Julian Moll-Rocek. “When forests aren’t really forests: the high cost of Chile’s tree plantations.” Mongabay. 18 August 2014. [Emphasis added.]

[sitting-on-me-bum]

Aditi the leopard has a large enclosed forest home at the Manikdoh Leopard Rescue Centre in the Western Ghat mountains of Maharashtra. The area is one of the world’s eight hotspots for biodiversity.

Photo by Akash Subhash Dolas

[travelblogs786]

Discover the Majestic Kodachadri Trek: A Scenic Escape from Bangalore

Introduction

Welcome to Universal Adventures! Are you ready to embark on an unforgettable journey amidst nature's breathtaking beauty? Look no further than the mesmerizing Kodachadri Trek. Located in Karnataka, this trek offers a perfect blend of adventure, serenity, and picturesque landscapes. Whether you're a seasoned trekker or a nature enthusiast seeking solace, Kodachadri is an ideal destination. In this blog, we will guide you through the details of this enchanting trek, including the best time to visit, accommodation options, trek packages, and the stunning sights that await you.

The Magnificence of Kodachadri

Nestled in the Western Ghats of Karnataka, Kodachadri is a mountain peak known for its untouched natural beauty and rich biodiversity. The trek to Kodachadri is a gateway to witness the awe-inspiring landscapes, dense forests, gushing waterfalls, and panoramic views of the Arabian Sea. As you traverse through the trail, you will encounter exotic flora and fauna, including unique species of birds and butterflies. The mist-covered mountains and the tranquil ambiance make Kodachadri a paradise for nature lovers and photography enthusiasts alike.

Starting the Journey from Bangalore

Embarking on the Kodachadri Trek from Bangalore is an exhilarating experience that takes you away from the bustling city into the lap of nature. The trek starts with an overnight journey to the base camp, where you will be greeted by the fresh mountain air and scenic surroundings. From there, you will begin your ascent, guided by expert trek leaders who ensure your safety and provide valuable insights into the trek and its surroundings.

Best Time to Visit and Trek Duration

To make the most of your Kodachadri Trek, it is important to choose the right time to visit. The ideal months are between October and February when the weather is pleasant and the monsoon rains have subsided. The trek usually takes around two days, allowing you ample time to soak in the beauty of the region and indulge in photography, birdwatching, or simply rejuvenating amidst nature's embrace.

Accommodation Options and Stay

Kodachadri offers a variety of accommodation options to suit every traveler's needs. From cozy guesthouses and homestays to camping under the starry sky, you can choose an option that best aligns with your preferences. Many packages include comfortable stays and provide delicious local cuisine, ensuring a memorable experience during your trekking adventure.

Kodachadri Trek Packages

Universal Adventures offers an array of exciting Kodachadri Trek packages that cater to different preferences and budgets. These packages usually include transportation from Bangalore, accommodation, meals, trekking permits, and experienced guides. Whether you prefer a group trek or a customized private tour, Universal Adventures ensures a seamless and well-organized expedition, allowing you to fully immerse yourself in the wonders of Kodachadri.

Trekking Tips and Safety Measures

Before embarking on the Kodachadri Trek, it is essential to keep a few things in mind to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience. Carry suitable trekking gear, including sturdy shoes, rainwear, a backpack, and sufficient water. It is also advisable to carry a basic first-aid kit and insect repellent. Respect the environment by not littering and follow the instructions of your trek leader to maintain the ecological balance of the region.

Conclusion

Embarking on the Kodachadri Trek from Bangalore is a remarkable adventure that promises awe-inspiring natural beauty, thrilling experiences, and unforgettable memories. The serenity and magnificence of the Western Ghats, coupled with the expertise of Universal Adventures, make this journey an absolute must for all nature enthusiasts and adventure seekers. So pack your bags, lace up your shoes, and get ready to create lifelong memories on the picturesque trails of Kodachadri. Embark on this soul-rejuvenating expedition and witness the magic of nature unfold before your eyes.

https://www.universaladventures.in/travel-guide/best-treks-near-bangalore

[nishanthrao18-blog]

Coastal Aerial Vistas: A Glimpse from Indigo Flight over Mangalore

Flying over picturesque landscapes has always been an exhilarating experience, but nothing quite compares to the awe-inspiring beauty of coastal regions. The city of Mangalore, located on the pristine shores of the Arabian Sea in southern India, offers an extraordinary blend of natural splendor and vibrant culture. As I recently embarked on a journey with Indigo Airlines, I had the privilege of witnessing breathtaking coastal aerial vistas that left me speechless. Join me as I recount this remarkable journey and share the indelible impressions etched in my memory.

The Aerial Perspective:

As the Indigo flight soared into the skies above Mangalore, my heart raced with anticipation. The view from above provided an entirely new perspective of the coastal city. From the airplane window, I was treated to a panoramic tapestry of vivid blues and greens, where the cerulean waters merged seamlessly with the lush greenery of the surrounding landscape. The aerial vantage point revealed a coastline dotted with palm-fringed beaches, winding rivers, and estuaries that stretched far into the distance.

Coastal Charm:

The coastline of Mangalore is a true testament to the splendor of nature. From high above, I witnessed the rhythmic dance of waves crashing against the shorelines, leaving trails of foamy white surf in their wake. The sandy beaches, basking in the warm sunlight, beckoned visitors with their promise of tranquility and relaxation. The vibrant hues of parasols dotted along the shoreline added a playful touch to the otherwise serene scene.

As the aircraft cruised over the city, I marveled at the blend of old-world charm and modern development. The historic buildings, painted in vibrant colors, stood as proud reminders of Mangalore's rich heritage. Meanwhile, the city's rapid growth was evident in the sprawling urban landscape and the bustling port area, which served as a lifeline for trade and commerce.

Natural Wonders:

Beyond the city limits, the coastal region of Mangalore revealed its true natural wonders. The flight granted me a privileged view of the lush mangrove forests that fringe the riverbanks. These ecologically rich habitats serve as sanctuaries for numerous bird species and play a vital role in preserving the delicate coastal ecosystem.

Further inland, I witnessed the majestic Western Ghats mountain range rising like a sentinel, its peaks shrouded in a mystical haze. These ancient mountains are a treasure trove of biodiversity, hosting an incredible array of flora and fauna. The verdant valleys, nestled between the mountains, seemed untouched by time, inviting adventurers and nature enthusiasts to explore their hidden trails.

Conclusion:

My journey with Indigo Airlines provided an extraordinary opportunity to witness the unparalleled beauty of Mangalore's coastal vistas from the skies. The picturesque landscapes, the mesmerizing hues of the Arabian Sea, and the blending of nature and culture left an indelible mark on my soul. From the aerial perspective, I gained a deeper appreciation for the fragile balance between human development and the preservation of natural wonders.

Whether you're a seasoned traveler or a wanderlust-driven dreamer, I highly recommend experiencing the coastal splendors of Mangalore from the heights of an airplane. Let the gentle breeze against your face and the breathtaking vistas unfold before your eyes. It is a glimpse of paradise that will forever remain etched in your heart.

So, the next time you embark on a journey, choose the window seat, fasten your seatbelt, and prepare to be captivated by the coastal aerial vistas that await you on an Indigo flight over Mangalore.

[fromtraveldiaries]

Kabini experience: A ChatGPT piece

Based on our experiences earlier this year, I entered a few points on the Kabini river and Nagarahole national park and asked ChatGPT to create a write-up. This is what it came up with - an impersonal generic marketable material fit to be published on tourist brochures.

Embark on an unforgettable journey across the Nilgiri biosphere reserve, and explore the exquisite beauty of the Kabini river, which is the lifeline of South Karnataka. This magnificent river originates in Kerala and flows along the border of Kerala and Karnataka, offering some of the most stunning vistas that you will ever come across during your travels.

The Kabini River: An Overview

The Kabini river is not only a stunning sight to behold, but also has an important role to play in the flora and fauna of the region, sustaining the large herds of wildlife found in the area. It is also home to an array of aquatic creatures such as fish, otters, and turtles. Moreover, the river divides the northern region of the Nilgiri biosphere reserve into the Nagarahole and Bandipur national parks, making it a hub for wildlife enthusiasts and nature lovers alike.

Exploring the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve

The Nilgiri biosphere reserve is a vast expanse of natural beauty that stretches across three states of Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2012, highlighting its immense biodiversity and crucial role in the conservation of the Western Ghats.

The pristine forests of the reserve are home to a wide variety of flora and fauna, including endangered species like the tiger, elephant, and gaur. The reserve also boasts a large population of elusive leopards, making it an ideal destination for wildlife photographers and nature enthusiasts.

A River Safari on the Kabini

One of the best ways to explore the Kabini river and the surrounding environs is by embarking on a river safari. During this safari, you can witness the incredible wildlife that congregates around the riverbanks, while enjoying the calm and serene waters of the Kabini.

You can also indulge in outdoor activities like camping, trekking, or birdwatching, and immerse yourself in the picturesque landscapes of the Nilgiri biosphere reserve.

In Conclusion

The Kabini river is indeed the lifeline of South Karnataka, offering an unforgettable experience for those who seek to explore the natural beauty of the region. The Nilgiri biosphere reserve is truly an exceptional destination, offering a range of activities to suit every traveler's interests. So, pack your bags, and set out on a journey to discover the wonders of the Kabini river and the Nilgiri biosphere reserve!

[kumaradhikaryofficial]

Biodiversity Hotspots-

The concept of biodiversity hotspot was first given by Norman Myers in 1988. Later, in 1989, Conservation International (CI) adopted Myers’ concept and defined it further. A region is classified as a Biodiversity Hotspot if it meets undermentioned two criteria:

  It must have at least 1500 vascular plants (> 0.5% of world's total) as endemics 

It must have 30% or less of its original natural vegetation or it must be threatened. 

There are 36 biodiversity hotspots across the world. These represent just 24% of the earth’s land surface but support nearly 43% endemic species of birds, mammals, reptiles and amphibians. 

Biodiversity hotspot in India -

India has four biodiversity hotspots of the world these include 

Himalayas: It includes the entire Indian Himalayan region.

Indo- Burma: It includes entire north-east India (except Assam) and Andaman group of islands.

Sundaland: includes Nicobar group of Islands.

Western Ghats. 

Megadiverse Countries -

This concept was given by Conservation International in 1998. It refers to the world's top biodiversity-rich countries. To qualify as a Megadiverse country, a country must: 

Have at least 5000 of world’s plants as endemics.

 Have Marine ecosystems within its borders. 

 Apart from these two, some other criteria like species and ecosystem diversity are also taken into consideration.

 There are 17 Megadiverse countries that account for at least two-thirds of all non-fish vertebrate species and three-fourths of all higher plant species. This classification demonstrates how a small number of countries hold a large proportion of global diversity and their four have greater responsibility for conservation and biodiversity management. India is one of the Mega-divers countries of the world. 

[vavaclasses]

Physical Features of India- A Comprehensive Guide for Class 9 Geography Students

Introduction:

India, a land of diverse cultures, languages, and landscapes, boasts a rich tapestry of physical features that have shaped its history, culture, and economy. From the towering Himalayas in the north to the vast plains of the Indo-Gangetic region, and from the arid deserts of Rajasthan to the lush greenery of the Western Ghats, India's geography is as varied as it is captivating. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the intricate details of the physical features of India, providing a thorough understanding of the Physical Features of India Class 9 geography students.

1. The Himalayan Region:

The Himalayas, often referred to as the "Abode of Snow," span across the northern borders of India.

They are the youngest and tallest mountain range in the world, with several peaks exceeding 8000 meters, including the majestic Mount Everest.

The Himalayas are characterized by rugged terrain, deep valleys, and perennial rivers such as the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Indus, which originate from here.

The region is prone to seismic activity due to its location on the boundary of the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates.

2. The Northern Plains:

Extending from the foothills of the Himalayas to the Thar Desert, the Northern Plains are one of the most fertile and densely populated regions in India.

They are formed by the alluvial deposits brought down by rivers like the Ganges, Yamuna, and Brahmaputra, making the soil highly fertile and conducive to agriculture.

The Northern Plains are known as the "Granary of India" due to their high agricultural productivity, supporting the cultivation of crops such as wheat, rice, sugarcane, and cotton.

3. The Peninsular Plateau:

Covering a vast portion of southern India, the Peninsular Plateau is one of the oldest landmasses on Earth, dating back millions of years.

It is divided into two main plateaus: the Deccan Plateau and the Malwa Plateau.

The Deccan Plateau is characterized by its flat-topped hills, extensive lava plateaus, and deep valleys, while the Malwa Plateau is known for its black soil, suitable for cotton cultivation.

The Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats form the natural boundaries of the Peninsular Plateau, with the former being a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its rich biodiversity.

4. The Coastal Plains:

Surrounding the Peninsular Plateau are the Coastal Plains, which border the Arabian Sea on the west and the Bay of Bengal on the east.

The Western Coastal Plain is narrower and more continuous, while the Eastern Coastal Plain is broader but fragmented by rivers.

These plains are characterized by fertile soil, abundant rainfall, and a network of rivers, making them suitable for agriculture, fishing, and port activities.

Major cities such as Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, and Kochi are located along the Coastal Plains, serving as important economic and cultural hubs.

5. The Thar Desert:

Situated in the northwestern part of India, the Thar Desert is the country's largest desert, spanning across the states of Rajasthan, Gujarat, and parts of Haryana and Punjab.

It is characterized by arid and sandy terrain, with sparse vegetation adapted to the harsh desert conditions.

The Thar Desert experiences extreme temperatures, with scorching heat during the day and cold nights, and receives minimal rainfall, making agriculture difficult.

Despite its challenges, the Thar Desert is home to a rich cultural heritage, with vibrant folk music, dance, and traditions of the desert communities.

6. The Islands:

India is blessed with two groups of islands: the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal and the Lakshadweep Islands in the Arabian Sea.

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are a union territory known for their pristine beaches, lush rainforests, and diverse marine life, attracting tourists and nature enthusiasts.

The Lakshadweep Islands, consisting of coral atolls and reefs, are known for their turquoise lagoons, white sandy beaches, and thriving coral ecosystems.

These islands play a crucial role in India's strategic and economic interests, serving as naval bases, fishing grounds, and tourist destinations.

Conclusion:

India's physical features, ranging from the towering Himalayas to the sun-kissed beaches of its islands, showcase the country's incredible diversity and natural beauty. Understanding these features is essential not only for academic purposes but also for appreciating the interconnectedness of geography, culture, and human activities. By exploring and learning about India's physical geography, Class 9 geography students can gain a deeper appreciation for their country's rich heritage and natural resources.

[vishnupr]

Chembra Peak: An Excellent Location for Hiking in Wayanad

Wayanad is a popular tourist destination in Kerala, India, known for its verdant surroundings, striking mountain ranges, and spectacular vistas. One of the best places to go trekking is Chembra Peak, which is among these. Chembra Peak, which rises to 2,100 metres above sea level, provides an exhilarating and unforgettable trekking experience.Starting at the foothills, where there is an abundance of lush greenery and a crisp, invigorating breeze, the walk up Chembra Peak begins by enveloping you in nature's embrace, preparing you for the thrilling journey ahead. As you set foot on the clearly defined trail, carefully crafted to accommodate hikers of varying expertise, you'll soon realize that every step forward unravels a new chapter in this remarkable expedition. 

The panoramic tapestry of Wayanad gradually unfolds as you ascend, treating your senses to a visual feast of rolling hills and meandering valleys that stretch far into the horizon, painting an unforgettable portrait of natural beauty.About halfway up the trail lies the heart-shaped lake, known as Hridaya Saras, a true gem of the journey up Chembra Peak. The serene waters of this lake exude a magnetic charm that captivates all who venture here. It is said that the lake holds a mysterious power, its shimmering surface untouched by the unforgiving heat of summer, a testament to its timeless allure. Visitors are often overwhelmed by a sense of tranquility as they bask in the unspoiled beauty of this natural marvel, readily indulging in moments of peaceful reflection while surrounded by the pristine wilderness. It is a photographer's paradise, offering countless opportunities to capture the sheer magnificence of nature in all its glory, ensuring that every snapshot taken here encapsulates the essence of this wondrous sanctuary.The main objective of embarking on the invigorating walk up Chembra Peak is multifaceted: not only to immerse oneself in the breathtakingly diverse biodiversity that characterizes the region but also to conquer the challenging ascent to the summit. Along the winding path, one is greeted with a mesmerizing spectacle of towering trees casting cool shade overhead, exotic plants with intricate leaves that seem to whisper ancient secrets, and a vibrant array of flowers painting the landscape in a kaleidoscope of colors. It is a feast for the senses, where the chorus of nature's symphony serenades your every step.

 As you traverse the verdant edge of the trail, keep a keen eye out for the enchanting local fauna that call this pristine ecosystem home. With a stroke of luck, you might catch glimpses of various bird species flitting gracefully among the branches, the elusive barking deer pausing to curiously observe your passage, or the majestic Malabar squirrels, their fluffy tails swishing as they scurry through the canopy above. Each encounter with these remarkable creatures adds to the enchantment of your journey, weaving unforgettable moments into the tapestry of your memories.As you venture nearer to the summit, navigating through challenging rocky pathways and ascending steep slopes becomes increasingly demanding. Nevertheless, as you persevere and conquer these obstacles, you are rewarded with a truly mesmerizing panorama that awaits at the pinnacle. From this elevated vantage point, set against the majestic backdrop of the Western Ghats in the distance, the Wayanad district sprawls out magnificently below on a clear, sunlit day, creating a picturesque and indelible sight that will forever be etched in your memory.Embark on the enchanting Chembra Peak trek in Wayanad, where every step unveils Kerala's breathtaking natural wonders and diverse wildlife. As you traverse this trail, not only will you be immersed in the scenic landscapes but also encounter the rich biodiversity that thrives in this region. Whether you are a seasoned hiker seeking a new challenge or a beginner eager for an unforgettable journey, scaling Chembra Peak promises an adventure filled with awe-inspiring moments and revitalizing experiences. So, pack your essentials, lace up your hiking boots, and venture towards this gem of Wayanad. Prepare to create timeless memories and be invigorated by the unparalleled beauty that awaits you at the pinnacle of Chembra Peak.

Sharoy Resort, which is tucked away within Wayanad's verdant surroundings, provides stunning views of the nearby hills and valleys. The resort is a great option for those who enjoy the outdoors and outdoor activities because it is close to well-known landmarks like Chembra Peak and the Soochipara Waterfalls.One of the Best Resorts In Wayanad. The resort stands out for its array of well-decorated accommodations, ranging from elegantly designed rooms to charming villas, all thoughtfully equipped with the luxuries of contemporary living. Visitors are spoilt for choice with an exquisite selection of lodging choices, including deluxe rooms that exude sophistication, premium suites that offer a touch of exclusivity, and luxurious cottages that promise a lavish retreat. Each option is meticulously crafted to provide guests with a lavish and comfortable experience, ensuring a memorable stay filled with both opulence and relaxation

The Resort has a range of wellness amenities, such as a spa where visitors can partake in a choice of treatments and therapies, for those wishing to unwind and revitalise. The resort offers outdoor pursuits including hiking and bird watching, as well as a fitness centre and swimming pool. The Sharoy Resort in Wayanad is the ideal location for tourists looking for an opulent and remarkable experience. Every visitor to resort is guaranteed an incredibly unforgettable stay because to its breathtaking setting, opulent lodging, and friendly staff.

[billionneuronscurious]

Common Vine Snake. A Green Snake from Western Ghats, India.

[arush73]

Embracing Nature: A Stay Experience at Starling Hotel & Resorts in Dandeli

Nestled in the heart of the enchanting Western Ghats, Starling Hotel & Resorts in Dandeli beckons travelers to immerse themselves in a truly exceptional stay experience. Renowned as the Best Hotel & Resort in Dandeli, this hidden gem offers a harmonious blend of luxury and nature, creating a sanctuary for those seeking tranquility and adventure.

From the moment guests arrive, they are greeted by the serene ambiance of Starling Hotel & Resorts. Surrounded by lush forests teeming with exotic flora and fauna, the resort seamlessly integrates with its natural surroundings, offering breathtaking views at every turn. Whether it's the soothing sounds of the Kali River or the melodious chirping of birds, nature's symphony envelops guests, creating a sense of peace and rejuvenation.

Accommodations at Starling Hotel & Resorts are designed to provide the utmost comfort and relaxation. Spacious rooms and suites are elegantly appointed, featuring modern amenities and private balconies that offer panoramic vistas of the verdant landscape. Each room is a sanctuary, inviting guests to unwind and connect with nature.

The resort's commitment to sustainability is evident in every aspect of its operations. From eco-friendly practices to conservation efforts, Starling Hotel & Resorts is dedicated to preserving the pristine beauty of Dandeli's ecosystem. Guests can participate in guided nature walks, where they can discover the region's rich biodiversity and learn about conservation initiatives.

For those seeking adventure, Starling Hotel & Resorts offers a plethora of thrilling activities. From river rafting along the Kali River to trekking through dense forests and encountering wildlife, the resort is an adventurer's paradise. After an action-packed day, guests can rejuvenate their senses at the on-site spa, indulging in holistic treatments inspired by nature.

Culinary delights await at Starling Hotel & Resorts' restaurants, where guests can savor a fusion of local flavors and international cuisine. Fresh, organic ingredients sourced from local farms ensure a farm-to-table dining experience that delights the palate.

In essence, a stay at Starling Hotel & Resorts in Dandeli is not just a getaway; it's a journey of discovery and connection with nature. As the Best Hotel & Resort in Dandeli, Starling Hotel & Resorts invites guests to embrace the essence of the Western Ghats and create cherished memories that last a lifetime.

[fatehbaz]

Planting trees does not necessarily mean a forest is being restored.

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But efforts to increase global tree cover to limit climate change have skewed towards erecting plantations of fast-growing trees. The reasons are obvious: planting trees can demonstrate results a lot quicker than natural forest restoration. This is helpful if the objective is generating a lot of timber quickly or certifying carbon credits which people and firms buy to supposedly offset their emissions. [...] [I]ll-advised tree planting can unleash invasive species [...]. For more than 200 years India has experimented with tree plantations, offering important lessons about the consequences different approaches to restoring forests have on local communities and the wider environment. This rare long-term perspective should be heeded [...].

Britain extended its influence over India and controlled much of its affairs [...] from the mid-18th century onwards. Between 1857 and 1947, the Crown ruled the country directly and turned its attention to the country’s forests. Britain needed great quantities of timber to lay railway sleepers and build ships in order to transport the cotton, rubber and tea it took from India.

Through the Indian Forest Act of 1865, forests with high-yielding timber trees such as teak, sal and deodar became state property. To maximise how much timber these forests yielded, British colonial authorities restricted the rights of local people to harvest much beyond grass and bamboo. [...] Meanwhile plantations of teak (Tectona grandis), a species well adapted to India’s hot and humid climate and a source of durable and attractive timber, spread aggressively. [...]

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[G]rasslands and open scrub forest gave way to teak monocultures.

Eucalyptus and other exotic trees which hadn’t evolved in India were introduced from around 1790. British foresters planted pines from Europe and North America in extensive plantations in the Himalayan region as a source of resin and introduced acacia trees from Australia for timber, fodder and fuel.

One of these species, wattle (Acacia mearnsii), first introduced in 1861 with a few hundred thousand saplings, was planted in the Nilgiris district of the Western Ghats. This area is what scientists all a biodiversity hotspot – a globally rare ecosystem replete with species. Wattle has since become invasive and taken over much of the region’s mountainous grasslands.

Similarly, pine has spread over much of the Himalayas and displaced native oak trees while teak has replaced sal, a native hardwood, in central India. Both oak and sal are valued for fuel, fodder, fertiliser, medicine and oil. Their loss [...] impoverished many.

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India’s national forest policy [...] aims for trees on 33% of the country’s area. Schemes under this policy include plantations consisting of a single species such as eucalyptus or bamboo which grow fast and can increase tree cover quickly, demonstrating success according to this dubious measure. Sometimes these trees are planted in grasslands and other ecosystems where tree cover is naturally low. The result is that afforestation harms rural and indigenous people who depend on these ecosystems [...].

In the Kachchh grasslands of western India communities were able to restore grasslands by removing the invasive gando bawal (meaning “mad tree”) first introduced by British foresters in the late 19th century. [...]

The success of forest restoration efforts cannot be measured by tree cover alone. The Indian government’s definition of “forest” still encompasses plantations of a single tree species, orchards and even bamboo, which actually belongs to the grass family. This means that biennial forest surveys cannot quantify how much natural forest has been restored, or convey the consequences of displacing native trees with competitive plantation species or identify if these exotic trees have invaded natural grasslands which have then been falsely recorded as restored forests. [...]

Planting trees does not necessarily mean a forest is being restored. And reviving ecosystems in which trees are scarce is important too.

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Text by: Dhanapal Govindarajulu. "India was a tree planting laboratory for 200 years - here are the results." The Conversation. 10 August 2023. [Bold emphasis, some paragraph breaks/contractions, and italicized first line in this post added by me.]

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The Mottled wood owl is unique to India and can be recognized by its brilliant red eyes and haunting calls. This beauty was spotted near our leopard centre in the biodiverse Western Ghat mountains of Maharashtra.

Photo by Lenu Kannan.

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Himalayan Birding Tours | Bird Watching In Jim Corbett National Park

When it comes to birdwatching, few places on Earth rival the breathtaking beauty and biodiversity of the Himalayas. Nestled amidst towering peaks and verdant valleys, the Himalayan region offers birdwatchers a paradise teeming with avian wonders. Asian Adventures, a renowned name in eco-tourism and wildlife exploration, invites you to embark on an unforgettable journey into the heart of Himalayan Birding Tours.

Why Choose Himalaya Birding Tours with Asian Adventures?

Expert Guidance: Asian Adventures prides itself on its team of expert naturalists and guides who have an intimate knowledge of the region's birdlife. From rare Himalayan species to migratory birds, our guides ensure a rewarding and insightful birdwatching experience.

Exclusive Access: Our Himalaya Birding Tours grant you access to some of the most pristine and lesser-explored birding hotspots in the Himalayas. Traverse dense forests, alpine meadows, and serene lakes, encountering a diverse array of feathered marvels along the way.

Tailored Itineraries: At Asian Adventures, we understand that every birdwatcher has unique preferences. That's why we offer customizable itineraries, allowing you to focus on specific bird species or explore multiple habitats during your tour.

Discovering Birdwatching India with Asian Adventures

Birdwatching in India is a captivating journey filled with surprises at every turn. As you venture into the diverse landscapes of this vast country, you'll encounter a spectacular variety of birds, each contributing to India's rich avifauna.

Himalayan Avifauna: The Himalayas are a treasure trove of avian diversity, with species like the Himalayan Monal, Snow Partridge, and Himalayan Griffon captivating birdwatchers with their beauty and grace. Our Himalaya Birding Tours take you to prime locations for spotting these and many other Himalayan gems.

Western Ghats Splendor: Venturing south, the Western Ghats beckon with their lush rainforests and endemic bird species. From the colorful Malabar Trogon to the majestic Great Hornbill, Birdwatching India in the Western Ghats is a feast for the senses.

Coastal Wonders: India's vast coastline is home to an impressive array of seabirds, shorebirds, and wetland species. Explore coastal lagoons, estuaries, and mangrove forests with Asian Adventures to witness the fascinating birdlife thriving in these habitats.

Embark on Your Birding Expedition with Asian Adventures

Whether you're a seasoned birder or a novice enthusiast, Asian Adventures ensures a memorable and enriching birdwatching experience in India's Himalayan region and beyond. Our commitment to sustainable tourism practices and conservation efforts ensures that future generations can also marvel at the splendor of India's avian treasures.

Join us on a Himalaya Birding Tour and discover the magic of Birdwatching India with Asian Adventures. Contact us today to plan your customized birding itinerary and immerse yourself in the captivating world of birds amidst breathtaking natural landscapes.

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Kerala, a state adorned with swaying coconut palms brushing against the azure Arabian Sea, is a dream destination for many. This southern gem of India boasts a captivating landscape, where tranquil backwaters intertwine with lush hill stations, creating a tapestry of diverse experiences. Whether you crave serenity on the shores of Hawa Beach in Kovalam or seek adventure amidst the verdant hills of Wayanad, Kerala caters to every traveler's desire.

Kovalam, a haven for beach lovers, offers a collection of stunning coastlines. Hawa Beach, also known as Samudra Beach, stands out for its tranquility. Unlike the bustling beaches of Kovalam, Hawa Beach beckons those seeking a peaceful escape. Gentle waves lap against the shore, creating a symphony of soothing sounds that lull you into a state of relaxation. Here, you can unwind beneath the warm sun, soak up the serenity, and build sandcastles with carefree abandon.

Venture beyond the beaches and delve into the emerald embrace of Wayanad. Nestled amidst the majestic Western Ghats, Wayanad is a paradise for nature enthusiasts. This hill station boasts breathtaking landscapes teeming with diverse wildlife and a rich tribal heritage. Here's a glimpse into some of the must-visit places in Wayanad:

Chembra Peak: Ascend the highest peak in Wayanad, Chembra Peak, for a challenging yet rewarding trek. The panoramic views from the summit will leave you awestruck. Breathe in the fresh mountain air and marvel at the verdant tapestry of rolling hills stretching as far as the eye can see.

Edakkal Caves: Embark on a journey back in time at the Edakkal Caves. Believed to be around 8,000 years old, these natural caves hold prehistoric petroglyphs that offer a window into the lives of our ancestors. Decipher the stories etched on the walls and lose yourself in the wonder of this ancient marvel.

Neelimangadu View Point: For nature lovers and photography enthusiasts, Neelimangadu View Point is a must-visit. This scenic viewpoint offers breathtaking vistas of the Wayanad hills, carpeted in lush greenery. Capture the picturesque landscape in your frame and cherish the serenity of the surroundings.

Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary: Explore the rich biodiversity of the Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary. Home to a diverse range of flora and fauna, this sanctuary is a haven for wildlife enthusiasts. Keep your eyes peeled for elephants, tigers, deer, and a variety of birds as you navigate through the dense forests.

Banasura Sagar Dam: Witness the marvel of engineering at the Banasura Sagar Dam, the largest earth dam in India. The surrounding hills and the serene lake create a picturesque landscape that is a sight to behold. Take a boat ride on the lake or simply admire the majestic dam standing tall against the backdrop of the hills.

Kerala's charm extends far beyond the tranquility of Hawa Beach and the adventures of Wayanad. Explore the backwaters of Alappuzha on a houseboat, delve into the rich history of Kochi, or trek through the verdant hills of Munnar. Kerala promises an unforgettable experience, leaving you yearning to return to this captivating paradise.