#dissolved oxygen probe

[wizsensor]

Oil in Water & Leak Detection Sensor | Wizse Nsor Inc.

Wizse Nsor Inc. is a trusted provider of advanced sensing technology for environmental and industrial monitoring. Our Oil in Water sensors, Oil Detection sensors, and Oil Leak Detection sensors are engineered to deliver fast, accurate, and reliable results in a wide range of applications including wastewater treatment, offshore drilling, industrial discharge monitoring, and environmental protection.

Our Oil in Water sensors use fluorescence and infrared absorption technologies to detect and quantify trace levels of oil in various water bodies. Whether you need to comply with discharge regulations or prevent environmental damage, our solutions provide the precision and consistency you need.

The Oil Detection and Oil Leak Detection sensors from Wizse Nsor Inc. are ideal for real-time monitoring of pipelines, processing plants, and marine systems. With early warning capabilities, our systems help minimize risk, reduce operational downtime, and ensure regulatory compliance.

We pride ourselves on developing sensors that are rugged, easy to install, low maintenance, and scalable for various industries. At Wizse Nsor Inc., we combine cutting-edge innovation with dependable performance to help safeguard our planet’s water resources.

Choose Wizse Nsor Inc. for intelligent oil sensing solutions—because clean water matters.

[kaciseonline]

Revolutionize Water Analysis with the KDO300 Online Dissolved Oxygen Probe

At KCsensor, we are proud to offer the KDO300 Online Dissolved Oxygen Probe, a high-quality and reliable solution for monitoring dissolved oxygen levels in various applications. Whether you're in the field of water treatment, aquaculture, environmental monitoring, or scientific research, our Dissolved Oxygen Probe is designed to meet your specific needs.

Key Features and Benefits:

Accurate Measurement: The KDO300 Probe utilizes advanced technology to provide precise and reliable dissolved oxygen measurements. It ensures accurate data, allowing you to make informed decisions based on real-time information.

Robust Design: The probe is constructed with durable materials to withstand harsh environments and long-term use. Its rugged design ensures reliability and longevity, reducing maintenance and replacement costs.

Easy Installation: Our Dissolved Oxygen Probe is designed for easy installation and integration into existing systems. With its user-friendly interface, you can quickly set up and start monitoring dissolved oxygen levels.

Online Monitoring: The KDO300 Probe offers continuous online monitoring, providing you with real-time data without the need for manual sampling. This feature enables you to closely track changes in dissolved oxygen levels and respond promptly to any fluctuations or abnormalities.

Low Maintenance: The probe requires minimal maintenance, thanks to its self-cleaning mechanism. This feature prevents the build up of contaminants, ensuring accurate and consistent measurements over an extended period.

Versatile Applications: The KDO300 Probe is suitable for a wide range of applications, including wastewater treatment plants, aquaculture farms, environmental monitoring stations, and research laboratories. Its versatility makes it an ideal choice for various industries.

Compatibility: Our Dissolved Oxygen Probe is compatible with most data acquisition systems, controllers, and SCADA systems. It seamlessly integrates with your existing equipment, making it convenient to incorporate into your monitoring setup.

[fandom-puff]

cersei with 40 from the smut prompt list 🙏🙏🙏

Omg I haven’t written Cersei in so long, but I’ve just finished reading A Feast For Crows and she’s such an icon ugh

Warnings: choking, power imbalance (Cersei is a queen, reader is a handmaiden), dominant/submissive dynamics, fem!reader, inspired by Cersei’s relationship w Taena Merryweather

Prompt highlighted in bold

You were hers, hers alone to fuck and use, no matter how many knights and squires salivated over your young, pretty body. Your skin was smooth against the Queen’s hands, and your hair wrapped ever so prettily around her fingers. But what was most beautiful of all was the way your eyelids fluttered, your eyelashes flashing shadows over your cheeks. The way your eyes dissolved from a doe-eyed stare to one of pure pleasure as they rolled into the back of your head.

And the sounds you made were delicious.

“Oh, my sweet girl,” the queen cooed above you, allowing a short intake of breath before her gentle hand resumed its addictive squeeze around your throat. “You look so very pretty with my hand around your throat,”

You let out a sharp gasp, making to yank your Queen’s hand away, but stopping when her free hand slipped between your thighs, her long fingers dipping into your wetness as her body- still clothed in contrast to your nakedness- pressed firmly against yours, pinning you down to her luxurious silk sheets. Your hand, stopped in its tracks, fell limply to your side as you tipped your head back, baring your throat more to your Queen as she smirked down at you. She loosened her grip again, her smirk growing as you gasped and spluttered and whimpered, your hips bucking into her probing hand. “If only you could see yourself, my dear,” she told you, leaning to whisper in your ear, her golden hair tickling your bare, tightened nipples. “That’s it, fuck yourself on my fingers,”

You whimpered, nodding your head as she resumed her squeezing on your throat, and she almost laughed at the way her little toy’s cunt squeezed in tandem to her hand. Letting out a broken cry, you began to claw at the bedsheets, not daring to paw at your royal mistress, torn between the building oblivion between your legs, and the sweet oxygen you needed to live. Cersei laughed, kissing your forehead. “You may finish, sweetheart, I know you were waiting for permission,” she told you, pressing her thumb to your engorged clit as your orgasm began to crash over you. Simultaneously to your release, she released your throat, watching with wildfire in her eyes as you gasped for air, your overworked body convulsing on her fingers as you cried and thanked your queen, your words coming out a garbled mess as she shushed you softly, pressing a gentle kiss to your lips as she pulled you tight to her breast.

[spacetimewithstuartgary]

New SpaceTime out Wednesday

SpaceTime 20250402 Series 28 Episode 40

Largest organic molecules found on Mars

Scientists analyzing pulverized rock using NASA’s Mars Curiosity rover have discovered the largest organic compounds ever seen on Red Planet -- and could be the remnants of fatty acids.

Parker Solar Probe survives its close encounter with the Sun

NASA’s Parker Solar Probe has just survived another close encounter with the Sun swooping to within 6.1 million kilometres of the solar surface.

Earliest days of Earth’s formation may have been very different from what we thought

Scientists have found that planet Earth’s lower mantle may have been formed under very different dynamics than what had originally been hypothesised, with evidence of low pressure rather than high pressure crystallisation.

The Science Report

Study warns that the amount of dissolved oxygen in the world's lakes has declined profoundly since 2003.

The golden key to being healthy in old age.

Scientists have developed a way of purifying urban wastewater

Alex on Tech: something better than lithium-ion batteries

SpaceTime covers the latest news in astronomy & space sciences.

The show is available every Monday, Wednesday and Friday through Apple Podcasts (itunes), Stitcher, Google Podcast, Pocketcasts, SoundCloud, Bitez.com, YouTube, your favourite podcast download provider, and from www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com

SpaceTime is also broadcast through the National Science Foundation on Science Zone Radio and on both i-heart Radio and Tune-In Radio.

SpaceTime daily news blog: http://spacetimewithstuartgary.tumblr.com/

SpaceTime facebook: www.facebook.com/spacetimewithstuartgary

SpaceTime Instagram @spacetimewithstuartgary

SpaceTime twitter feed @stuartgary

SpaceTime YouTube: @SpaceTimewithStuartGary

SpaceTime -- A brief history

SpaceTime is Australia’s most popular and respected astronomy and space science news program – averaging over two million downloads every year. We’re also number five in the United States.  The show reports on the latest stories and discoveries making news in astronomy, space flight, and science.  SpaceTime features weekly interviews with leading Australian scientists about their research.  The show began life in 1995 as ‘StarStuff’ on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation’s (ABC) NewsRadio network.  Award winning investigative reporter Stuart Gary created the program during more than fifteen years as NewsRadio’s evening anchor and Science Editor.  Gary’s always loved science. He studied astronomy at university and was invited to undertake a PHD in astrophysics, but instead focused on his career in journalism and radio broadcasting. Gary’s radio career stretches back some 34 years including 26 at the ABC. He worked as an announcer and music DJ in commercial radio, before becoming a journalist and eventually joining ABC News and Current Affairs. He was part of the team that set up ABC NewsRadio and became one of its first on air presenters. When asked to put his science background to use, Gary developed StarStuff which he wrote, produced and hosted, consistently achieving 9 per cent of the national Australian radio audience based on the ABC’s Nielsen ratings survey figures for the five major Australian metro markets: Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, and Perth. That compares to the ABC’s overall radio listenership of just 5.6 per cent. The StarStuff podcast was published on line by ABC Science -- achieving over 1.3 million downloads annually.  However, after some 20 years, the show finally wrapped up in December 2015 following ABC funding cuts, and a redirection of available finances to increase sports and horse racing coverage.  Rather than continue with the ABC, Gary resigned so that he could keep the show going independently.  StarStuff was rebranded as “SpaceTime”, with the first episode being broadcast in February 2016.  Over the years, SpaceTime has grown, more than doubling its former ABC audience numbers and expanding to include new segments such as the Science Report -- which provides a wrap of general science news, weekly skeptical science features, special reports looking at the latest computer and technology news, and Skywatch – which provides a monthly guide to the night skies. The show is published three times weekly (every Monday, Wednesday and Friday) and available from the United States National Science Foundation on Science Zone Radio, and through both i-heart Radio and Tune-In Radio.

[fermentertechnologies]

Application and Advantages of Lab Scale Fermenter

Understanding Lab-Scale Bioreactors

Lab-scale bioreactors, often referred to as benchtop bioreactors, are compact vessels designed to facilitate the growth and manipulation of various biological entities under controlled conditions. These reactors mimic the natural environment of microorganisms or cells, providing optimal conditions for proliferation, metabolism, and product formation.

Components and Design

The design of lab-scale bioreactors is meticulously crafted to emulate the conditions prevalent in industrial-scale fermenters while maintaining versatility and ease of operation. Key components typically include:

Vessel: The core of the bioreactor, where the biological culture resides. Vessels come in various sizes and configurations, accommodating different volumes and types of cultures.

Agitation System: Ensures uniform mixing of nutrients, gases, and metabolites within the culture. Agitation mechanisms may include stirrers, impellers, or spargers, depending on the specific requirements of the culture.

Temperature Control: Precise temperature regulation is essential for maintaining optimal growth conditions. Bioreactors are equipped with heating elements and cooling jackets, along with temperature probes and controllers to monitor and adjust temperature levels.

pH and Dissolved Oxygen Control: Maintaining appropriate pH and dissolved oxygen levels is crucial for cell viability and productivity. Bioreactors are equipped with sensors and controllers to regulate these parameters through the addition of acids, bases, or oxygen.

Monitoring and Control Systems: Advanced bioreactors are integrated with sophisticated monitoring and control systems, allowing real-time monitoring of key parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and biomass concentration. Automated control algorithms facilitate precise adjustment of operating conditions to optimize culture performance.

Applications and Advantages of Lab Scale Bioreactor

The versatility of lab-scale bioreactors extends across a wide range of applications in biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and academia:

Bioprocess Development: Lab-scale bioreactors serve as invaluable tools for the optimization and scale-up of bioprocesses. Researchers can fine-tune culture conditions, evaluate the impact of different parameters, and optimize productivity before transitioning to larger scales.

Cell Culture and Tissue Engineering: Bioreactors play a pivotal role in the cultivation of mammalian cells and tissues for various applications, including regenerative medicine, drug discovery, and tissue engineering. Controlled environments within bioreactors facilitate the growth and differentiation of cells into functional tissues.

Microbial Fermentation: Microbial fermentation processes, such as the production of antibiotics, enzymes, and biofuels, are extensively studied and optimized using lab-scale bioreactors. These reactors allow researchers to explore different microbial strains, media formulations, and process conditions to maximize product yields and quality.

Biological Research and Education: Bioreactors serve as indispensable tools for biological research and education, providing students and researchers with hands-on experience in culturing and manipulating biological systems. Benchtop bioreactors enable reproducible experimentation and data collection, fostering a deeper understanding of bioprocess principles and techniques.

Challenges and Future Directions

While lab-scale bioreactors offer tremendous potential, several challenges persist in their design and operation:

Scalability: Translating results from lab-scale bioreactors to larger industrial-scale fermenters remains a challenge due to differences in hydrodynamics, mass transfer, and mixing dynamics. Bridging this scalability gap requires advanced computational modeling, process optimization, and scale-up strategies.

Sterility and Contamination Control: Maintaining sterility and preventing contamination are critical aspects of bioreactor operation, particularly in cell culture and pharmaceutical applications. Robust sterilization protocols, aseptic techniques, and stringent quality control measures are essential to minimize the risk of contamination.

Process Intensification: Enhancing productivity and efficiency through process intensification strategies is a key focus area in bioreactor development. Integration of online monitoring and control systems, advanced analytics, and novel bioreactor designs can streamline bioprocesses and maximize resource utilization.

Conclusion

Lab-scale bioreactors represent the cornerstone of bioprocessing innovation, offering a platform for exploration, discovery, and optimization across diverse biological applications. As advances in biotechnology continue to accelerate, the role of lab-scale bioreactors in shaping the future of bioprocessing becomes increasingly pronounced. By addressing challenges, embracing technological advancements, and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, we can unlock the full potential of lab-scale bioreactors and propel bioprocessing into a new era of sustainability, efficiency, and impact.

[inmarketings]

Rika Sensors: Your Trusted Source for Water Quality Monitoring Sensors and Environmental Solutions

In the realm of environmental monitoring, accurate and reliable data is the cornerstone for effective decision-making. Hunan Rika Electronic Tech Co., Ltd., a leader in sensor technology, has established itself as a trusted provider of water quality monitoring sensors and comprehensive environmental solutions. With over a decade of experience, Rika Sensors is synonymous with innovation, precision, and sustainability.

The Role of Water Quality Monitoring in Environmental Management

Water quality monitoring is essential for protecting ecosystems, ensuring public health, and supporting industrial processes. By measuring parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, and temperature, organizations can detect contamination early and take corrective actions. Advanced water quality sensors provide real-time insights that are critical for industries like aquaculture, wastewater treatment, and hydrological research.

Why Rika Sensors Stands Out

Rika Sensors is a pioneer in the field of environmental monitoring. Their Rika sensors to measure water quality are designed with cutting-edge technology to deliver precise results even in challenging conditions. With certifications like ISO9001 and CE, their products meet stringent global standards. The company’s commitment to quality extends beyond manufacturing to include exceptional customer service and tailored solutions for diverse applications.

Advanced Features of Rika Water Quality Sensors

Rika’s water quality sensors offer unparalleled accuracy and durability. These devices are equipped to measure multiple parameters simultaneously, such as conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and ammonia levels. Their robust construction ensures resistance to harsh environments, making them ideal for long-term deployment in rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and industrial settings. Additionally, the integration of IoT technology allows for remote monitoring and data analysis through cloud-based platforms.

Applications Across Industries

The versatility of Rika’s sensors makes them indispensable across various sectors. In aquaculture, these sensors help maintain optimal conditions for aquatic life by providing real-time data on water parameters. For wastewater treatment facilities, they ensure compliance with environmental regulations by monitoring effluent quality. Hydrological studies also benefit from these devices by enabling researchers to track changes in water bodies over time.

Sustainability Through Innovation

Rika Sensors is deeply committed to sustainability. Their eco-friendly manufacturing processes minimize environmental impact while their products empower users to make informed decisions that protect natural resources. By providing accurate data on water quality, Rika Sensors contributes to global efforts in combating pollution and preserving ecosystems.

Tailored Solutions for Unique Needs

One of Rika’s strengths lies in its ability to customize solutions based on specific requirements. Whether it’s a large-scale industrial project or a small aquaculture farm, Rika offers tailored systems that integrate seamlessly into existing operations. Their water quality probe solutions are designed to adapt to various environmental conditions while maintaining high levels of accuracy and reliability.

Exceptional Customer Support

Beyond their innovative products, Rika Sensors prides itself on delivering outstanding customer service. From initial consultation to post-installation support, the company ensures a seamless experience for its clients. Their team of experts offers guidance on selecting the right sensors, setting up systems, and troubleshooting any issues that may arise.

In conclusion, Hunan Rika Electronic Tech Co., Ltd. is a trusted name in the field of water quality monitoring and environmental solutions. Their state-of-the-art water quality sensor technology, combined with a commitment to sustainability and customer satisfaction, makes them the ideal choice for organizations seeking dependable monitoring systems. Whether you’re managing an aquaculture farm or conducting hydrological research, Rika Sensors provides the tools you need to achieve your goals efficiently and effectively.

[marialabtro]

Portable Multiparameter LT-PMP401

Labtro Portable Multiparameter Meter is rugged, IP67-rated, and supports pH, conductivity, or dissolved oxygen probes. It features USB data transfer, digital electrodes, manual/auto temperature compensation for accurate results, and a compact, durable design for reliable performance.

[justruler]

Horrors of Nothing

"Alright, drone is moving steadily along" Ruler said.

The research vessel he was manning had its various crew members going along running diagnostics around the clock, with the ship positioned just outside what the multiverse knew as "The Veil".

With The Veil acting as more or less the edge of the multiverse as current celestials understood it. Which is where Rulers research vessel came into play, sending out a specialized probing drone out past the veil. Akin to deep sea expeditions, the drone was issued with state of the art celestial anti-reality pressure fields. Allowing it to easily survive outside the walls of creation.

"Sir, we've successfully reached two hundred kilometers out from veil boundary." One of the crew stated.

Ruler almost felt giddy at the news, ever since his hypothesis about the void guardian was confirmed by his own interaction with it. He then wanted to know what it was hiding from them, so he gathered this very crew in secret before then setting off to The Veil. From what they gathered, two hundred kilometers was the furthest out the Void Guardian's will extended. All he needed to do was push a little deeper then he'd be in truly open waters.

"Activate the on-board video feed" Ruler ordered, sitting down in a comfortable work chair as he said it.

"Two hundred and ten kilometers out, On-board video feed activating now"

Ruler placed a pair of goggles hooked up to the drones on-board video feed, with a smile on his face as he felt the excitement nearly overwhelm him.

"Finally, we get to see what's truly out the-" he paused. Some members of the crew looked towards him as they saw his face visibly contort from one of childlike wonder to one of abstract horror and disgust. They didn't know what to think of it, it was a face none of them had ever seen on the Emperor before now.

Before they could react further, Ruler ripped the goggles off his head before stumbling out of the chair and onto the ground. Heaving for breath despite him not needing to intake oxygen, and on the verge of vomiting despite his digestion instantly dissolving foods.

He appeared to also be visibly sweating, exhaling expletives as struggled to take in air. "jesus fucking christ…." he exclaimed.

"Sir are you alright?" One of the crew asked.

"What was it that you saw?" another spoke

"Someone else needs to see what he saw!" a fool spoke.

"I volunteer!" another larger fool stated.

"NO!" Ruler shouted with plead in his voice.

"We need to see what is out ther-" one tried to say before being interrupted by Ruler with even more desperation in his tone.

"No you do not!"

However his cries went unanswered as one of the crew members picked up the goggles and looked inside, before then instantly dropping them to the ground causing the goggles to break. Backing away with such immense speed to as nearly hit their head on one of the desks, crying and throwing up as they backed away. Collapsing immediately after into a fetal position on the floor.

"I need you to bring me to the memory chair, NOW!" Ruler commanded. "And order that one's execution." He said pointing towards the crew member curled up on the floor crying.

"Not a single person is to keep their memory of what is out there."

[shopii11on]

Online Fishing Pond Dissolved Oxygen Sensor / Optical Do Probe

"Buy Now and Get 20% Off Your First Order!"

[wizsensor]

Chemical Oxygen Demand Sensor & Analyzer | Wizse Nsor Inc.

Wizse Nsor Inc. specializes in providing state-of-the-art Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) sensors and analyzers that offer accurate, real-time monitoring for water quality management. Our COD sensors are designed to efficiently measure the amount of oxygen required to break down organic pollutants in water, making them ideal for wastewater treatment, environmental monitoring, and industrial applications.

Our COD analyzers use advanced optical and electrochemical technologies to deliver precise and reliable results, ensuring compliance with environmental standards and regulatory requirements. Whether you're in the field of water treatment, industrial processing, or environmental research, our COD sensor solutions are built to meet the rigorous demands of various applications.

The high sensitivity and durability of our COD sensors make them perfect for continuous monitoring in challenging environments. With easy integration, low maintenance, and real-time data collection, Wizse Nsor Inc. ensures that users receive consistent, accurate measurements for better decision-making.

Wizsensor Inc. is committed to innovation and customer satisfaction. We combine cutting-edge sensor technology with industry expertise to provide reliable and efficient COD monitoring solutions. Choose Wizse Nsor Inc. for the best in chemical oxygen demand sensor technology.

Water Conductivity Meter: Essential Guide by WizSensor

Water Conductivity Meter: Ultimate Guide

Ammonium Sensor & Ammonia Nitrogen Sensor Guide

Understanding Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Sensors

[envmart]

The Ultimate Guide to Hanna DO Meters: Working and Benefits of Use

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) measurement is essential across various fields, from aquaculture to wastewater treatment. Accurate DO levels are crucial for maintaining healthy aquatic environments and ensuring efficient biological processes. The Hanna DO Meter, produced by Hanna Instruments, is a top choice for professionals needing precise and reliable DO measurements. This blog will explore the working mechanism of the Hanna DO Meter and highlight its numerous benefits.

What is a Hanna DO Meter?

The Hanna DO Meter is a sophisticated device designed to measure the amount of dissolved oxygen in a liquid. This instrument is widely used in environmental monitoring, aquaculture, water treatment, and laboratory settings. Hanna Instruments, known for their high-quality scientific tools, manufactures DO meters that are both durable and easy to use. How Does a Hanna DO Meter Work? Understanding how a Hanna DO Meter works can enhance its effective use. The device measures the concentration of oxygen dissolved in water through a series of precise steps: Sensor Calibration: Before use, the Hanna DO Meter needs to be calibrated. This involves setting the meter to known oxygen concentrations using standard solutions. Calibration ensures accuracy and reliability in readings. Immersion of Probe: The meter's probe is immersed in the liquid sample. The probe typically consists of an anode, cathode, and a permeable membrane that allows oxygen to diffuse through. Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Oxygen molecules diffuse through the membrane and react at the cathode, creating a current proportional to the amount of dissolved oxygen. This current is measured by the meter. Temperature Compensation: Many Hanna DO Meters feature automatic temperature compensation, adjusting the readings to account for temperature variations, which can affect dissolved oxygen levels. Display of Results: The meter converts the electrical signal into a readable DO concentration value, displayed on the screen.

Benefits of Using a Hanna DO Meter Investing in a Hanna DO Meter comes with multiple benefits, making it a valuable tool for various applications: High Accuracy and Precision: Hanna DO Meters are known for their accuracy, providing reliable measurements crucial for scientific and industrial applications. Durability and Robust Design: Built to withstand harsh environments, these meters offer long-lasting performance, making them ideal for fieldwork and continuous use. Ease of Use: With a user-friendly interface and straightforward calibration process, Hanna DO Meters are accessible to both professionals and beginners. The comprehensive Hanna DO Meter manual offers clear instructions for setup and operation. Versatility: These meters are suitable for a wide range of applications, from monitoring DO levels in aquaculture ponds to ensuring optimal conditions in wastewater treatment facilities. Cost-Effective: Given their features and durability, Hanna DO Meter prices are competitive. They provide excellent value for money, offering a cost-effective solution for accurate DO measurement. Applications of Hanna DO Meters

Hanna DO Meters are utilized in various fields due to their versatility and reliability: Aquaculture: Monitoring dissolved oxygen is crucial for maintaining healthy fish and aquatic plant life. Hanna DO Meters help aquaculturists optimize conditions for growth and survival. Environmental Monitoring: Scientists use these meters to assess water quality in rivers, lakes, and oceans, aiding in conservation efforts. Wastewater Treatment: DO levels are critical in wastewater treatment processes, where they influence the efficiency of biological treatment methods. Industrial Applications: Industries use Hanna DO Meters to monitor DO in various processes, ensuring product quality and compliance with environmental regulations. Calibration and Maintenance Proper calibration and maintenance are essential for the accurate functioning of Hanna DO Meters. Here are some key points: Regular Calibration: Follow the instructions in the Hanna DO Meter manual for regular calibration using standard solutions. This ensures consistent accuracy. Cleaning the Probe: Regular cleaning of the probe is necessary to prevent fouling and ensure accurate readings. Storage: Store the meter and its probe according to the manufacturer's recommendations to maintain its longevity and reliability. Conclusion The Hanna DO Meter is an essential tool for anyone needing precise dissolved oxygen measurements. Its reliability, ease of use, and versatility make it a preferred choice in various industries and applications. Whether you are managing an aquaculture farm, monitoring environmental water quality, or ensuring efficient wastewater treatment, the Hanna DO Meter provides accurate and dependable results. Understanding how a Hanna DO Meter works and recognizing its benefits can help you make the most of this valuable instrument. If you are in the market for a DO meter, consider the trusted quality of Hanna Instruments.

[cannonwater]

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is an important indicator of water quality. Dissolved Oxygen DO Meters are portable instruments, probes, and sensors used to measure dissolved oxygen in water and other solutions. Cannon Water have a range of Dissolved Oxygen meters from leading brands.

[spacetimewithstuartgary]

Einstein Probe catches X-ray odd couple

The odd celestial couple consists of a big, hot star, more than 10 times larger than our Sun, and a small compact white dwarf, with a mass similar to our star. Only a handful of these systems have been found so far. And this the first time scientists could track the X-ray light coming from such a curious pair from its initial sudden flare-up to its fading away.

On 27 May 2024, the Wide-field X-ray Telescope (WXT) on Einstein Probe spotted X-rays coming from within our neighbour galaxy, the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). To uncover the origin of this new celestial beacon, labelled EP J0052, scientists pointed Einstein Probes’s Follow-up X-ray Telescope in that direction.

WXT’s observations also triggered NASA’s Swift and NICER X-ray telescopes to point to the newly discovered object. ESA’s XMM-Newton followed up 18 days after the trigger.

“We were chasing fleeting sources, when we came across this new spot of X-ray light in the SMC. We realised that we were looking at something unusual, that only Einstein Probe could catch,” says Alessio Marino, a postdoctoral researcher at the Institute of Space Sciences (ICE-CSIC), Spain and lead author of the new study published today.

“This is because, among current telescopes monitoring the X-ray sky, WXT is the only one that can see lower energy X-rays with sufficient sensitivity to catch the novel source.”

Initially, the scientists thought EP J0052 might be a well-known type of binary system that shines in X-rays. These pairs consist of a neutron star devouring up material from a massive star companion. Yet, there was something in the data telling a different story…

A rare discovery

Thanks to Einstein Probe catching the novel source right from its initial flash, scientists could analyse batches of data from different instruments. They examined how the light varied across a range of X-ray wavelengths, over six days, and teased out some of the elements present in the exploding material, such as nitrogen, oxygen and neon. The analysis delivered crucial clues.

“We soon understood that we were dealing with a rare discovery of a very elusive celestial couple” explains Alessio. “The unusual duo consists of a massive star that we call a Be star, weighting 12 times the Sun, and a stellar ‘corpse’ known as a white dwarf, a compact and hyper-dense object, with a mass similar to that of our star.”

The two stars closely orbit each other, and the white dwarf’s intense gravitational field pulls matter from its companion. As more and more material (mainly hydrogen) rains down on the compact object, its strong gravitation compresses it, until a runaway nuclear explosion is initiated. This creates a bright flash of light across a wide range of wavelengths from visible light to UVs and X-rays.

At first sight, the existence of this duo is puzzling. Massive stars of type Be burn fast through their reserve of nuclear fuel. Their lives are fierce and short, spanning about 20 million years. Its companion is (usually) the collapsed remnant of a star similar to our Sun that in isolation would live for several billions of years.

Since binary stars typically form together, how can the supposedly short-lived star still be shining bright, while the alleged long-lived one has already died?

There is an explanation.

A tale of two stars

Scientists think that the couple started off together, as a better-matched binary pair consisting of two rather big stars, six and eight times more massive than our Sun.

The bigger star exhausted its nuclear fuel earlier and started to expand, shedding matter to its companion. First, gas in its puffed-up outer layers got pulled in by the companion; then its remaining outer shells got ejected, forming an envelop around the two stars, which later became a disc, and finally dissolved.

By the end of this drama, the companion star had grown to be 12 times the mass of the Sun, while the outstripped core of the other had collapsed to become a white dwarf of just over one solar mass. Now, it is the turn of the white dwarf to steal and gobble up material from the outer layers of the Be star.

“This study gives us new insights into a rarely observed phase of stellar evolution, which is the result of a complex exchange of material that must have happened among the two stars,” remarks Ashley Chrimes, research fellow and X-ray astronomer at ESA. “It’s fascinating to see how an interacting pair of massive stars can produce such an intriguing outcome.”

ESA’s XMM-Newton mission’s follow-up observation in the direction of EP J0052, 18 days after Einstein Probe’s first look, did not see the signal anymore. This sets a limit on the duration of the flare, showing it to be relatively brief.

The duration of the short burst, and the presence of neon and oxygen, hint at a rather heavy type of white dwarf, likely 20% more massive than the Sun. Its mass is close to the level, called Chandrasekhar limit, above which the star would continue to implode, and become an even denser neutron star, or explode as a supernova.

Game-changing monitor

“Outbursts from a Be-white dwarf duo have been extraordinarily hard to catch, as they are best observed with low energy X-rays. The advent of Einstein Probe offers the unique chance to spot these fleeting sources and test our understanding of how massive stars evolve,” remarks Erik Kuulkers, ESA Project Scientist for Einstein Probe.

“This discovery showcases the game-changing capabilities of this mission.”

About Einstein Probe

Einstein Probe is a mission of the Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) working in partnership with the European Space Agency (ESA), the Max-Planck-Institute for extraterrestrial Physics (MPE), Germany, and the Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES), France. It was launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre in China on 9 January 2024, and carries two instruments. The Wide-field X-ray Telescope (WXT) constantly monitors a large portion of the sky for unexpected X-rays, and the Follow-up X-ray Telescope (FXT) that homes in on the X-ray sources found by WXT for a more detailed look.

IMAGE: Einstein Probe captured the X-ray flash from a very elusive celestial pair, consisting of a big, hot star, more than 10 times larger than our Sun, and a small compact white dwarf, with a mass similar to our star. Scientists think that the couple started off together, as a better-matched binary pair consisting of two rather big stars, six and eight times more massive than our Sun. The bigger star exhausted its nuclear fuel earlier and started to expand, shedding matter to its companion. First, gas in its puffed-up outer layers got pulled in by the companion; then its remaining outer shells got ejected, forming an envelop around the two stars, which later became a disc, and finally dissolved. By the end of this drama, the companion star had grown to be 12 times the mass of the Sun, while the outstripped core of the other had collapsed to become a white dwarf of just over one solar mass. Now, it is the turn of the white dwarf to steal and gobble up material from the outer layers of the Be star. Credit ESA

[labnic235]

Dissolved Oxygen Meter

A dissolved oxygen meter is a handheld or benchtop device used to measure the concentration of dissolved oxygen in water or other liquids. It typically consists of a probe with an oxygen-sensitive electrode and a meter that displays the oxygen concentration in units such as milligrams per liter (mg/L) or parts per million (ppm). Dissolved oxygen meters are widely used in environmental monitoring, aquaculture, wastewater treatment, and research to assess water quality, oxygen levels, and the health of aquatic ecosystems.