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infectedleviathan · 1 year ago

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So this is an item Id list for coding

I found one online but it was all jumbled so I put it in list form, gonna be making different categories too

309 Acorn Seed

541 Aerinite Mineral

538 Alamite Mineral

705 Albacore Fish

456 Algae Soup Cooking

300 Amaranth Vegetable

299 Amaranth Seeds Seed

66 Amethyst Mineral

529 Amethyst Ring Ring

587 Amphibian Fossil Artifact

117 Anchor Artifact It may have belonged to ancient pirates.

129 Anchovy Fish A small silver fish found in the ocean

103 Ancient Doll Artifact An ancient doll covered in grime. This doll may habe benn used as a toy, a decoration, or a prop in some kind of ritual.

123 Ancient Drum Artifact It's a drum made from wood and animal skin. It has a low, reverberating tone.

454 Ancient Fruit Fruit

114 Ancient Seed Artifact it's a dry old seed from some ancient plant. By all appearances it's long since dead…

499 Ancient Seeds Seed

109 Ancient Sword Artifact It's the remains of an ancient sword. Most of the blade has turned to rust, but the hilt is very finely crafted.

160 Angler Fish

613 Apple Fruit

633 Apple Sapling Seed

634 Apricot Fruit

628 Apricot Sapling Seed

62 Aquamarine Mineral

531 Aquamarine Ring Ring

101 Arrowhead Artifact A crudely fashioned point used for hunting.

274 Artichoke Vegetable

605 Artichoke Dip Cooking

482 Artichoke Seeds Seed

590 Artifact Spot (not-Placeable)

235 Autumn's Bounty Cooking

685 Bait Bait

198 Baked Fish Cooking

691 Barbed Hook Fish Tackle

540 Baryte Mineral

570 Basalt Mineral

368 Basic Fertilizer Fertilizer

370 Basic Retaining Soil Fertilizer

767 Bat Wing Monster Loot

787 Battery Pack Resource

207 Bean Hotpot Cooking

473 Bean Starter Seed

346 Beer Artisan Goods

284 Beet Vegetable

494 Beet Seeds Seed

790 Berry Basket

539 Bixite Mineral

410 Blackberry Fruit

611 Blackberry Cobbler Cooking

102 Blue Book(For Museum no Drop only Animation)

597 Blue jazz Flower

413 Blue Slime Egg

258 Blueberry Fruit

481 Blueberry Seeds Seed

234 Blueberry Tart Cooking

278 Bok Choy Vegetable

491 Bok Choy Seeds Seed

287 Bomb Crafting

119 Bone Flute Artifact it's a prehistoric wind instrument carved from an animal's bone. It produces an eerie tone.

458 Bouquet

216 Bread Cooking

132 Bream Fish

171 Broken CD Trash

170 Broken Glasses Trash

618 Bruschetta Cooking

684 Bug Meat Monster Loot

700 Bullhead Fish

702 Bullhead Fish

526 Burglar's Ring Ring

90 Cactus Fruit Fruit The sweet fruit of the prickly pear cactus.

542 Calcite Mineral

142 Carp Fish

209 Carp Suprise Cooking

143 Catfish Fish

190 Cauliflower Vegetable

474 Cauliflower Seeds Seed

78 Cave Carrot Forage A starchy snack found in caves. It helps miners work longer

566 Celestine Mineral

281 Chanterelle Forage

424 Cheese Artisan Goods

197 Cheese Cauliflower Cooking

638 Cherry Fruit

286 Cherry Bomb Crafting

629 Cherry Sapling Seed

105 Chewing Stick Artifact Ancient people chewed on these to keep their teeth clean.

113 Chicken Statue Artifact It's a statue of a chicken on a bronze base. The ancient people of this are must been very fond of chickens.

100 Chipped Amphora Artifact An ancient vessel made of ceramic material. Used to transport both dry and wet goods.

220 Chocolate Cake Cooking

727 Chowder Cooking

372 Clam

330 Clay Resource

428 Cloth Artisan Goods

382 Coal Resource

411 Cobblestone Path Decor

718 Cockle Fish

88 Coconut Fruit A seed of the coconut palm. It has many culinary uses.

395 Coffee

648 Coleslaw Cooking

404 Common Mushroom Forage

201 Complete Breakfast Cooking

223 Cookie Cooking

334 Copper Bar Resource

378 Copper Ore Resource

393 Coral

695 Cork Bobber Fish Tackle

270 Corn Vegetable

484 Corn Seeds Seed

717 Crab Fish

732 Crab Cakes Cooking

710 Crab Pot

282 Cranberries Fruit

612 Cranberry Candy Cooking

238 Cranberry Sauce Cooking

493 Cranberry Seeds Seed

716 Crayfish Fish

159 Crimsonfish Fish

214 Crispy Bass Cooking

418 Crocus Flower

333 Crystal Floor Decor

414 Crystal Fruit Fruit

409 Crystal path Decor

18 Daffodil Forage

22 Dandelion Forage

461 Decorative Pot

466 Deluxe Speed-Gro Fertilizer

72 Diamond Mineral A rare and valuable gem.

107 Dinosaur Egg Artifact A gient dino egg… The entire shell is still intact!

242 Dish O' The Sea Cooking

543 Dolomite Mineral

704 Dorado Fish

687 Dressed Spinner Fish Tackle

116 Dried Starfish Artifact A starfish frome the primordial ocean. It's an unusually pristine specimen!

169 Driftwood Trash

463 Drum Block

442 Duck Egg Animal Product

444 Duck Feather Animal Product

307 Duck Mayoonaise Artisan Goods

122 Dwarf Gadget Artifact It's a piece of the advanced technology once known to the dwarves. It's sill glowing and humming, but you're unable to understand how it works

96 Dwarf Scroll I Artifact A yellowed scroll of parchment filled with dwarven script this one's tied with a red bow.

97 Dwarf Scroll II Artifact A yellowed scroll of parchment filled with dwarven script this one's tied with a green ribbon.

98 Dwarf Scroll II Artifact A yellowed scroll of parchment filled with dwarven script this one's tied with a blue rope.

99 Dwarf Scroll IV Artifact A yellowed scroll of parchment filled with dwarven script this one's tied with a golden chain.

121 Dwarvish Helm Artifact It's one of the helmets commonly worn by dwarves. The thick metal plating protects them from falling debris and stalactites.

326 Dwarvish Translation Guide Crafting

86 Earth Crystal Mineral A resinous substance found near the surface.

148 Eel Fish

176 Egg Animal Product A regular white chicken egg.

180 Egg Animal Product A regular brown chicken egg.

272 Eggplant Vegetable

231 Eggplant Parmesan Cooking

483 Eggplant Seeds Seed

104 Elvish Jewelry Artifact Dirty but still beautiful. On the side is a flowing script thought by some to be the ancient language of the elves. No Elvish bones habe ever been found.

60 Emerald Mineral

533 Emerald Ring Ring

349 Energy Tonic

729 Escargot Cooking

544 Esperite Mineral

441 Explosive Ammo

595 Fairy Rose Flower

425 Fairy Seeds Seed

577 Fairy Stone Mineral

497 Fall Seeds Seed

240 Farmer's Lunch Cooking

771 Fiber Resource

259 Fiddlehead Fern Vegetable

649 Fiddlehead Risotto Cooking

403 Field Snack

565 Fire Opal Mineral

82 Fire Quartz Mineral A glowing red crystal commonly found near hot lava.

728 Fish Stew Cooking

213 Fish Taco Cooking

545 Fluorapatite Mineral

464 Flute Block

202 Fried Calamari Cooking

225 Fried Eel Cooking

194 Fried Egg Cooking

205 Fried Mushroom Cooking

536 Frozen Geode

84 Frozen Tear Mineral A crystal fabled to be the frozen tears of a yeti.

610 Fruit Salad Cooking

248 Garlic Vegetable

476 Garlic Seeds Seed

325 Gate Crafting

546 Geminite Mineral

535 Geode

561 Ghost Crystal Mineral

156 Ghostfish Fish

775 Glacierfish Fish

118 Glass Shards Artifact A mixture of glass shards smoothed by centuries of ocean surf. These could have belonged to an ancient mosaic or necklace.

208 Glazed Yams Cooking

517 Glow Ring Ring

426 Goat Cheese Artisan Goods

436 Goat Milk Animal Product

336 Gold Bar Resource

384 Gold Ore Resource

124 Golden Mask Artifact A creepy golden mask probably used in an ancient magic ritual. A socket in the forehead contains a large purple gemstone.

373 Golden Pumpkin

125 Golden Relic Artifact It's a golden slab with heiroglyphs and pictures emblazoned onto the front.

569 Granite Mineral

398 Grape Fruit

301 Grape Starter Seed

297 Grass Starter Seed

407 Gravel Path Decor

153 Green Algae Fish

188 Green Bean Vegetable

680 Green Slime Egg

708 Halibut Fish

709 Hardwood Resource

298 Hardwood Fence Crafting

210 Hashbrowns Cooking

178 Hay

408 Hazelnut Forage

547 Helvite Mineral

573 Hematite Mineral

147 Herring Fish

283 Holly Forage

340 Honey Artisan Goods

304 Hops Vegetable

302 Hops Starter Seed

260 Hot Pepper Fruit

233 Ice Cream Cooking

161 Ice Pip Fish

527 Irdium Band Ring

337 Irdium Bar Resource

386 Irdium Ore Resource

645 Irdium Sprinkler Crafting

335 Iron Bar Resource

324 Iron Fence Crafting

380 Iron Ore Resource

746 Jack-O-Lantern Crafting

70 Jade Mineral

532 Jade Ring Ring

549 Jagoite Mineral

548 Jamborite Mineral

563 Jasper Mineral

429 Jazz Seeds Seed

344 Jelly Artisan Goods

167 Joja Cola Trash

350 Juice Artisan Goods

528 Jukebox Ring Ring

250 Kale Vegetable

477 Kale Seeds Seed

550 Kyanite Mineral

174 Large Egg Animal Product It's an uncommonly large white egg!

182 Large Egg Animal Product It's an uncommonly large brown egg!

438 Large Goat Milk Animal Product

186 Large Milk Animal Product A large jug of cow's milk.

137 Largemouth Bass Fish

162 Lava Eel Fish

692 Lead Bobber Fish Tackle

20 Leek Forage

163 Legend Fish

554 Lemon Stone Mineral

773 Life Elixier Cooking

571 Limestone Mineral

707 Lingcod Fish

715 Lobster Fish

730 Lobster Bisque Cooking

788 Lost Axe

204 Lucky Lunch Cooking

789 Lucky Purple Shorts

551 Lunarite Mineral

537 Magma Geode

703 Magnet Fish Tackle

519 Magnet Ring Ring

228 Maki Roll Cooking

552 Malachite Mineral

731 Maple bar Cooking

310 Maple Seed Seed

724 Maple Syrup Artisan Goods

567 Marble Mineral

306 Mayonnaise Artisan Goods

288 Mega Bomb Crafting

254 Melon Fruit

479 Melon Seeds Seed

460 Mermaid's Pendant

184 Milk Animal Product A jug of cow's milk.

243 Miner's Treat Cooking

770 Mixed Seeds Seed

257 Morel Forage

574 Mudstone Mineral

351 Muscle Remedy

719 Mussel Fish

682 Mutant Carp Fish

392 Nautilus Shell

586 Nautilus Shell Artifact

555 Nekoite Mineral

553 Neptunite Mineral

725 Oak Resin Artisan Goods

575 Obsidian Mineral

560 Ocean Stone Mineral

149 Octopus Fish

247 Oil

772 Oil of Garlic Cooking

195 Omelet Cooking

749 Omni Geode

564 Opal Mineral

635 Orange Fruit

630 Orange Sapling Seed

106 Ornamental Fan Artifact This exquisute fan most likely belonged to a noblewoman. Historians velieve that the valley was a popular sixth-era vacation spot for the wealthy.

556 Orpiment Mineral

723 Oyster Fish

303 Pale Ale Artisan Goods

457 Pale Broth Cooking

588 Palm Fossil Artifact

211 Pancakes Cooking

24 Parsnip Vegetable

472 Parsnip Seeds Seed

199 Parsnip Soup Cooking

636 Peach Fruit

631 Peach Sapling Seed

215 Pepper Poppers Cooking

489 Pepper Seeds Seed

141 Perch Fish

722 Periwinkle Fish

557 Petrified Slime Mineral

342 Pickles Artisan Goods

144 Pike Fish

311 Pine Cone Seed

726 Pine Tar Artisan Goods

221 Pink Cake Cooking

206 Pizza Cooking

604 Plum Pudding Cooking

637 Pomegranate Fruit

632 Pomegranate Sapling Seed

376 Poppy Flower

453 Poppy Seeds Seed

651 Poppyseed Muffin Cooking

192 Potato Vegetable

475 Potato Seeds Seed

584 Prehiistoric Vertebra Artifact

120 Prehistoric Handaxe Artifact One of the earliest tools employed by humans. This crude tool was created by striking one rock with another to form a sharp edge.

583 Prehistoric Rib Artifact

579 Prehistoric Scapula Artifact

581 Prehistoric Skull Artifact

580 Prehistoric Tibia Artifact

115 Prehistoric Tool Artifact Some kind of gnarly old digging tool.

74 Prismatic Shard Mineral A very rare and powerful substance with unknown origins.

128 Pufferfish Fish Inflates when threatened.

276 Pumpkin Vegetable

608 Pumpkin Pie Cooking

490 Pumpkin Seeds Seed

236 Pumpkin Soup Cooking

422 Purple Mushroom Forage

439 Purple Slime Egg

559 Pyrite Mineral

369 Quality Fertilizer Fertilizer

371 Quality Retaining Soil Fertilizer

621 Quality Sprinkler Crafting

80 Quartz Mineral A clear crystal commonly found in caves and mines

446 Rabbit's Foot Animal Product

264 Radish Vegetable

609 Radish Salad Cooking

487 Radish Seeds Seed

681 Rain Totem

394 Rainbow Shell

138 Rainbow Trout Fish

108 Rare Disc Artifact A heavy black disc studded with peculiar red stones. When you hold it, you're overwhelmed wih a felling of dread.

347 Rare Seed Seed

266 Red Cabbage Vegetable

486 Red Cabbage Seeds Seed

146 Red Mullet Fish

420 Red Mushroom Forage

230 Red Plate Cooking

437 Red Slime Egg

150 Red Snapper Fish

338 Refined Quartz Resource

252 Rhubarb Fruit

222 Rhubarb Pie Cooking

478 Rhubarb Seeds Seed

423 Rice

232 Rice Pudding Cooking

524 Ring of Yoba Ring

607 Roasted Hazelnuts Cooking

244 Roots Platter Cooking

64 Ruby Mineral

534 Ruby Ring Ring

112 Rusty Cog Artifact A well preserved cog that must have been part of some ancient machine. This could be dwarven technology.

110 Rusty Spoon Artifact A plain old spoon, probably then years old. Not very interesting.

111 Rusty Spur Artifact An old spur that was once attached to a cowboy's boot. People must have benn raising animals in this area for many generations.

196 Salad Cooking

139 Salmon Fish

212 Salmon Dinner Cooking

296 Salmonberry Fruit

164 Sandfish Fish

568 Sandstone Mineral

92 Sap Forage A fluid obtained from trees.

131 Sardine Fish A common ocean fish.

227 Sashimi Cooking

523 Savage Ring Ring

165 Scorpion Carp Fish

154 Sea Cucumber Fish

397 Sea Urchin

152 Seaweed Fish

706 Shad Fish

720 Shrimp Fish

582 Skeletal Hand Artifact

585 Skeletal Tail Artifact

576 Slate Mineral

766 Slime Monster Loot

520 Slime Charmer Ring Ring

516 Small Glow Ring Ring

518 Small Magnet Ring Ring

136 Smallmouth Bass Fish

721 Snail Fish

416 Snow Yam Forage

572 Soapstone Mineral

172 Soggy Newspaper Trash

768 Solar Essence Monster Loot

224 Spaghetti Cooking

465 Speed-Gro Fertilizer

396 Spice Berry Fruit

226 Spicy Eel Cooking

686 Spinner Fish Tackle

94 Spirit Torch It's unclear where the blue color comes from…

455 Spongle Seeds Seed

399 Spring Onion Forage

495 Spring Seeds Seed

599 Sprinkler Crafting

151 Squid Fish

578 Star Shards Mineral

434 Stardrop Energy Up

268 Starfruit Fruit

485 Starfruit Seeds Seed

415 Stepping Stone Path Decor

606 Stir Fry Cooking

390 Stone Resource

323 Stone Fence Crafting

329 Stone Floor Decor

158 Stonefish Fish

203 Strange Bun Cooking

126 Strange Doll Artifact ???

127 Strange Doll Artifact ???

401 Straw Floor Decor

400 Strawberry Fruit

745 Strawberry Seeds Seed

239 Stuffing Cooking

525 Sturdy Ring Ring

698 Sturgeon Fish

245 Sugar

496 Summer Seeds Seed

593 Summer Spangle Flower

145 Sunfish Fish

421 Sunflower Flower

431 Sunflower Seeds Seed

155 Super Cucumber Fish

237 Super Meal Cooking

241 Survival Burger Cooking

417 Sweet Gem berry

402 Sweet Pea Flower

341 Tea Set Decor

558 Thunder Egg Mineral

699 Tiger Trout Fish

562 Tigerseye Mineral

701 Tilapia Fish

256 Tomato Vegetable

480 Tomato Seeds Seed

218 Tomm Kha Soup Cooking

68 Topaz Mineral

530 Topaz Ring Ring

93 Torch Provides a modes amount of light.

229 Tortilla Cooking

694 Trap Bobber Fish Tackle

168 Trash Trash

166 Treasure Chest

693 Treasure Hunter Fish Tackle

589 Trilobite Artifact

219 Trout Soup Cooking

430 Truffle

432 Truffle Oil Artisan Goods

591 Tulip Flower

427 Tulip Bulb Seed

130 Tuna Fish A large fish that lives in the ocean.

522 Vampire Ring Ring

200 Vegetable Medley Cooking

419 Vinegar

305 Void Egg Animal Product

769 Void Essence Monster Loot

140 Walleye Fish

690 Warp Totem: Beach

688 Warp Totem: Farm

689 Warp Totem: Mountains

521 Warrior Ring Ring

331 Wearthered Floor Decor

750 Weeds

262 Wheat Vegetable

246 Wheat Flour

488 Wheat Seeds Seed

157 White Algae Fish

774 Wild Bait Bait

16 Wild Horseradish Forage

406 Wild Plum Forage

348 Wine Artisan Goods

412 Winter Root Forage

498 Winter Seeds Seed

388 Wood Resource

322 Wood Fence Crafting

328 Wood Floor Decor

405 Wood Path Decor

734 Woodskip Fish

440 Wool Animal Product

280 Yam Vegetable

492 Yam Seeds Seed

#stardew mods #stardew farmer #stardew valley mods #stardew #stardew valley #mods #coding

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echinoid-fossils-on-the-rocks · 7 months ago

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Continuation of the Halysite Chain coral finds.

So after some time, an other light under lamp, more focused on the tiny chained strucktures of their chambers.

It seems both are halysite chain corals of different original places, one found in an gravel bed, the tiny, moved location unknown possible from the baltic sea region.

The other pebble size found on an gravel stone path back than with the gray complete brachiopode. Has now under better light the tiny chain link struckture, not entire an quarz rock like suggesting before.

Now better to view the chambers of the mineralization of the past corals with the rocks. Not an common local fossil finds here.

It still looks like an small brown glazed sugar cookie, starting to the advent December times.

What goggle always suggesting via lens search.

#halysite #halysite corals #chain coral #fossil collecting #fossils #geology #rocks #fossils 2024 #fossil hunting

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vainvex · 1 year ago

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very hungry caterpillar sensory bin: contains bright green kinetic sand, a yellow shovel, a caterpillar figurine, a caterpillar-shaped sand stamp, cling stickers that look like the sun, moon, and bugs, and foam pieces shaped like fruits, a butterfly, a flower, and a bird.

mermaid sensory bin: contains light blue kinetic sand, a pink shovel, a squeaky octopus, 2 foam mermaids, and plastic toys looking like a treasure chest, colourful gems, coral, a shell, and a seahorse.

beach sensory bin: contains sand-coloured kinetic sand, a foam crab, a blue shovel, a sound tube, shell and creature gems, 4 sand castle molds, and cling stickers of different beach things.

outer space sensory bin: includes black aquarium gravel with pink and blue mixed in, an astronaut, a squishy/stretchy alien, sparkly pom poms, glow in the dark stars, colourful spirals, foam planets, a blue scoop, and blue tongs.

construction zone sensory bin: contains sand-coloured kinetic sand, some rocks, construction signs, traffic cones, 3 trucks, a sand roller, and a blue shovel.

dinosaur dig sensory bin: contains sand, 4 dinosaur figures, 3 dinosaur skeleton figures, a plastic egg, a yellow sand-sifter, rocks, a fake plant, a foam volcano and trees, a magnifying glass, and a fossil brush.

ice cream shop sensory bin: contains pink, yellow, and blue kinetic sand, 2 foam bananas, 2 ice cream cones, beads for sprinkles, different colours and sizes of pom-poms, a blue bowl, a pink spoon, and a red ice cream scoop.

race track sensory bin: contains green kinetic sand, black and white aquarium gravel, a yellow rake, 2 race cars, traffic cones, a racing flag, a plastic ramp, a gold cup trophy, and cling stickers that look like racecars and a finish line.

bake shop sensory bin: contains scented play-doh in pink, blue, and tan, different size and shape cookie cutters, a yellow rolling pin, decorations, mini pom-poms, a dough mold tray shaped like different desserts, and cling stickers that also look like deserts.

#vv.txt #i have the ice cream one :-) but i want bake shop soo bad #and dinosaur dig....#sensory bin #stimming #autism #adhd #stim toys #if you havent seen these before theyre made by faber-castell and only cost $20 each!#i got mine with art store loyalty points #there's also a different one than what i have in my therapist's office but i can't remember which #polls

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hungryhyena · 4 years ago

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estate sale thingssss

fuck man there was so much good shit there! there was a really cool cabinet i wanted but i didnt think it would fit in the car. :c and some neat old cameras but i know nothing about cameras rip

the horse is a breyer five gaiter, he was made in 1962-1971!! old boy!! he is sadly missing a hoof (its broken at the exact height of a spool of thread so he can still stand lmao) but he's in surprisingly good shape otherwise. idk if he's really worth much bc lack of foot but it's very cool finding old stuff like this

the wire chicken is an egg basket, very cute. its hard to see but its sat on a like.. organizer basket thing idk. then there's an old shoeshine brush, i have an artsy idea for it. two lil metal cookie cutters, one bird and one big feesh.

a lil wooden dala horse, it has a fabric sticker on its stomach but i can't really read it? i think its in swedish? idk its real cute.

there's an antler, i think maybe fallow deer or moose or something? it's about 16 inches long i think. there's also a hollow antler point, it's very thick and has a hole drilled in the tip. maybe a neat necklace

a few lil quartz points, they had a big box full of them for like a quarter each. a lil chunk of petoskey stone, actually a coral fossil! very neat. some little stone rabbits, a tiny pocket knife, and some snippers.

there was also a flea market nearby that i'd never seen but they were closing as we got there. :c maybe tomorrow or monday we'll go back n check it out

#so fun yall #i love shit like this its all i want to do #breyer #thrifting

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mystictickets · 5 years ago

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Send in a colour and I’ll create a starter on what its based on!

Pearl: My muse found an ocean treasure and wants to share it with your muse and only your muse! Frost: My muse exhales in a cold winter morning and is amused by the fact that its steam, pointing it out to your muse! Daisy: My muse is picking flowers for some reason and presents them to your muse asking if they’re good enough for that reason! Biscotti: My muse is making cookies and asks your muse for help! Sepia: My muse is looking through an old photo album and asks your muse to look through it with them! Oyster: My muse is fishing and asks your muse to join along! Honey: My muse is putting honey onto something it probably doesn’t belong on in front of your muse! Gold: My muse found a gold ring and shows it to your muse! Fire: My muse is sitting in front of a campfire next to your muse and asks your muse an interesting question! Tiger: My muse is visiting a zoo looking at an interesting exhibit before pointing it out to your muse! Amber: My muse is visiting a museum with your muse while getting dangerously close to the fossils! Tangerine: My muse decides to share a fond memory with your muse while they’re out on a walk! Cherry: My muse is picking some random fruit and is about to eat it in front of your muse! Garnet: My muse presents an open geode to your muse! Candy: My muse is indulging on some sweets and hands your muse a few to join in! Coral: My muse is going on a scuba diving adventure with your muse! Rose: My muse is preparing for a date and asks your muse for advice and help! Strawberry: My muse is blushing for some reason and tells your muse why they’re blushing! Iris: My muse is examining something while in deep thought in front of your muse! Plum: My muse is looking at themselves in the mirror before asking your muse about their appearance! Mauve: My muse is going clothes shopping and asks your muse about an idea on clothing! Arctic: My muse is playing in the snow with your muse before coming up with a snow related idea! Lapis: My muse is studying in magic and enchantments before trying out the spell on your muse! Azure: My muse is mourning over something that they lost in the past before sharing with your muse why they’re mourning! Seafoam: My muse is on the beach with your muse watching the sunrise! Emerald: My muse found a rare object that might even be from another land and shares its existence with your muse! Parakeet: My muse has a new pet and introduces it to your muse! Coffee: My muse has been up for days on end with the help of coffee and tells your muse about what they’ve seen! Cinnamon: My muse wants to try a dangerous challenge with your muse, but asks first! Umber: My muse is going venturing in a mythical forest, inviting your muse along! Pewter: My muse is trying to light a fire for the first time before asking your muse for help! Shadow: My muse wants to go to a haunted house, trying to convince your muse to come along! Coin: My muse is trying to come up with a catchphrase before asking for some help from your muse! Grease: My muse hasn’t kept up with showering due to a sudden adventure, but your muse doesn’t know why they stink! Charcoal: My muse is trying to learn a new skill before asking your muse for help! Ink: My muse is trying to make a signature for themselves before showing their creation to your muse!

#original #mine #prompts #rp meme #long post

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nocturnalsleeper · 5 years ago

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500 Drawing Prompts

waterfall

wizard's staff

zombies

sandcastle

fangs

tattoo

family crest

spaceship

mythical beast

spooky tree

alien

tropical cocktail

robot

dragon

tombstone

medieval goblets

king's throne

mermaid

vampire

witch's cauldron

tooth fairy

deep sea monster

magic carpet

sculpture

coral reef

wine bottle

statue of liberty

beast

beauty

elephant

Mayan ruins

birds

cameras

bowl of soup

breakfast

lunch

snack

dinner

flower vase

ladder

full moon

bright sun

autumn

summer

spring

winter

butterfly

caterpillar

troll

roller skates

rain boots

weeds

flowers

bedroom

kitchen

dining room

bathroom

egg hatching

wrist watch

night

harvest

pond

raincoat

hat

water bottle

flashlight

sailboat

dandelion

earthworm

bank robber

policeman

superhero

villain

view out a window

cactus

sunflower

mosquito

spider web

star fish

flip flops

lawn chair

trampolines

pots and pans

sword

lighthouse

pie on a windowsill

house plant

soldier

chimney

barbed wire

squirrels

hot sauce

chain

beehive

helicopter

hot dog

venus flytrap

stained glass

sphinx

skateboard

serenity

open book

werewolf

hourglass

tower

camel

Cleopatra

favorite book character

desert

forest

mountains

ocean

pumpkin seed

pine cone

octopus

mannequin

lollipop

something sticky

footprints

tractor

slime

island paradise

sand dune

archer

my favorite outfit

trophies

fishing fly

black hole

cyclops

swan

mirror

microphone

pretzels

newspaper

submarine

scrambled eggs

eel

wave

bike

leather boots

keys

coffee cup

self portrait

snake charmer

playground

sumo wrestler

crystal chandelier

eight ball

secrets

treasure chest

children's toy

something that sparkles

penguin

unicorn

pirate

tribal pattern

suit of armor

pinball machine

erupting volcano

seahorse

ninja

happy monster

futuristic car

three little pigs

magic amulet

yeti

toolbox

fish bones

zipper

carpenter

handcuffs

doll house

mask

telescope

piano

windmill

double sided axe

samurai

ghost

hot air balloon

bubbles

polka dots

plate of cookies

snake scales

pair of socks

high dive

belt

figure skater

fisherman

space

jack-o-lantern

Cinderella's glass slipper

hay bale

bumper cars

cover wagon

spy

fighter jet

parachute

tree bark

radio

art gallery

bow and arrow

pepperoni pizza

snail

bushel of apples

doorknob

talking object

harp

chess pieces

sprinkler

electricity

computer keyboard

presents

barn

plaid

jewelry

ballet

curtains

tripod

sunglasses

bow tie

Saturn's rings

birdcage

swap creature

horse and carriage

banana peel

stapler

toothpaste

thunder storm

movie poster

video game controller

cinnamon sticks

target

skull

elf

alien plant life

first love

new baby

kids jumping

glaciers

shark

scarf

wheelchair

blacksmith

four wheeler

cowboy

crossroads

pedestal

police car

pug

someone who is full of joy

what's under your bed

hieroglyph

dolphin

wooden shield

laughing

jump rope

desk

something big next to something small

taxi

staircase

tomahawk

hummingbird

hedgehog

gorilla

firetruck

soda can

teddy bear

fortune cookie

fruit basket

smirk

game of marbles

crumpled paper

swordfish

alarm clock

goldfish

puppet

salt and pepper shakers

jet pack

time machine

hands

wood fencing

cave mouth

milkshake

high heeled shoes

music

smile

mad scientist

telephone booth

skyscraper

gargoyle

diamond

sushi

brier patch

something that comes in pairs

box of chocolates

brick wall

bat

chicken

bonsai tree

headphones

a new typeface

jellyfish

candy canes

lawn mower

rain puddles

school

lamb

wolf

bed

bowl of popcorn

lampshade

peacock

turtle

bear

ceiling fan

yo-yo

oil spill

kite

invisible man

casino

Abraham Lincoln

ice cream cone

corn on the cob

claws

beekeeper

coins

watermelon

landing on the moon

rotary telephone

brain

rocks

needle in a haystack

picnic basket

fireplace

bottle of poison

genie in a bottle

knight

hammer

acorn

orange

owl

hair

wheel barrel

pyramids

exploding dynamite

shrimp

guitarist

keyboardist

drummer

singer

griffin

carousel horse

bunnies

puppies

board game

a famous painting

stone walkway

maple leaf

lizard

eyes

ears

nose

mouth

leopard

record player

bulldozer

bride

snowman

feather headdress

playing cards

windy day

sleeping bag

dancing skeleton

piggy bank

wizard

evil prince

lantern

beach ball

cherub

sprout

aircraft carrier

olympic swimmer

wedding dress

feather

baseball glove

noodles

cat

dog

happy

sad

angry

relaxed

graffiti

motorcycle

tornado

caveman

pineapple

Lock Ness monster

flag

gas mask

starry sky

dream house

deer

Goldilocks

frog

tadpole

swing

circus clown

earth

cupcake

lace

rocking chair

bravery

Big Ben

doctor

railroad car

parade

Christmas sweater

Ferris wheel

sci-fi gun

medicine cabinet

birthday party

cutlery

great wall of china

umbrella

traffic sign

catapult

light bulb

bamboo

heart

moon colony

sandwiches

juice box

lake house

bushes

hard candy

camouflage

platypus

football helmet

soccer game

balloons

astronaut

missing teeth

memory

jukebox

tulip

ladybug

birthday cake

t-shirt

igloo

golf ball

fossils

your least favorite food

pencil cup

half eaten apple

food with a face

horseshoe

daffodil

castle

tea party

scared

bag of chips

camping

cabin

bonfire

ship

watering can

palm tree

wind chimes

armchair

fireworks

knife

wine cork

waitress

farmer

fountain

last leaf on a tree

saber toothed tiger

grocery store

rainbow

typewriter

engine

bluebird

shooting star

a new invention

school of fish

bearded lady

secret garden

suspension bridge

viking artifact

Eiffel tower

a feast for a king

guitar

tree house

seashell

dinosaur

sea lion

Taj Mahal

your favorite animal in a tuxedo

#art prompt #drawing #drawing prompt #challenge

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learningfromhumansinnature · 2 years ago

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Climate hypocrisy and imperfect activism

Written from: Flores, Indonesia

Picture: Post-cyclone volcano views near Bajawa, Flores.

Yesterday I purchased some cookies to sustain myself through a volcano hike that was subsequently cancelled as a result of an unseasonably aggressive (climate change-induced) cyclone. This morning, I munched on said cookies whilst learning about the horrific human rights abuses that are taking place in West Papua - partly as a result of mass-deforestation in the region which is being driven by unprecedented global demand for palm oil. (An area of forest thirty times the size of Manhattan was converted to plantations in West Papua between 2000 - 2019).

The irony of eating cookies which probably contain the palm oil that was grown in these plantations, whilst working for an organisation that is trying to protect those affected by them, is not lost on me. However, it has made me reflect on why many people find it so offensive when they realise that many of those who work on ‘climatey things’ are not, in fact, 100% certified carbon negative beings.

Indeed, highlighting climate hypocrisy and using it to render the arguments of climate activists redundant has been a favoured tactic of climate-denying journalists over recent years. They joy that they (Piers Morgan) experience when they find out that an activist they are interviewing doesn’t have a heat pump, or once took a flight, or had a great great grandparent that made money from fossil fuels, is palpable.

It is also absolutely infuriating, because of course most climate activists are hypocrites. They live under a system that forces them to rely on fossil fuel extraction to do almost everything, unless they are privileged and wealthy enough to afford or have access to alternatives. They eat foods that can most likely be traced back to deforestation and human rights abuses in places like West Papua, or droughts in places like Mexico. And yes, they probably occasionally purchase products that have plastic in them.

This is exactly why they have had to take to activism: they are fighting to change the system that they are trapped by, in order to ensure that it is not just the wealthy few who are granted access to low-carbon lifestyles whilst the climate crisis continues to unravel the lives and livelihoods of millions of people around the world. Activists should not be punished for daring to imagine a better and more equitable way of doing things. Living within your values is a privilege, and it is absolutely OK if sometimes you can’t afford or manage to do so.

The cookie incident has made me think about this a lot, because my personal carbon footprint has been far from optimal over the past few years. I have lost count of the number of flights that I have taken to move between islands or conservation projects in Indonesia. When on the ground, I have almost exclusively used fossil fuel-reliant transport to get around. If I’m in a rush and need someone else to do my laundry, it will definitely come back wrapped in plastic. Palm oil is in basically everything I touch - from shampoo to fuel to cooking oil. Even when diving and banging on about the importance of protecting coral reefs, we use fuel to power the boats that get us there, and to fill the tanks that we rely on to breathe. I have no doubt that the vegetables and rice I eat every day in an attempt to avoid fish and meat have been given a helping hand by pesticides. The power I use to charge everything - and the minerals that make those devices work - do not come from places that sit well with my conscience.

Image: Barefoot Conservation Camp, Arborek, West Papua. Reached by plane, ferry and (fossil fuel powered) boat.

This may make me feel guilty on a daily basis, but I am learning that it does not invalidate the experiences I am having, or the work choices that I make (I am currently freelancing for three different environmental NGOs). Nor does it detract from the lessons that I am learning along the way. If anything, it makes them even more valuable, because it emphasises just how difficult it is to generate change on the frontlines of the climate crisis, in regions which are largely dependent on the products of extraction and deforestation, and the funds that they create. It is also putting me in touch with people who are working to come up with solutions to this conundrum every single day.

The suggestion that one cannot authentically work on climate-related projects until they completely clean up their lifestyle is a myth. It is based upon the narrative - propagated by the oil and gas industry - that we (normal people) are somehow responsible for the climate crisis, and the solution lies in our actions, rather than the actions of those who continue to prop up and subsidise fossil fuel extraction in the face of overwhelming evidence that they shouldn’t. And whilst I do believe in the power of individuals - especially when it comes to voting, protesting and signing petitions - I do not believe that those who do ‘good’ in their professional lives are somehow more responsible than those who don’t to atone for any environmental wrongs they might commit along the way. (Unless their professional life involves handing out advice to others which they personally ignore for reasons than are not related to finance or access, in which case - do better). As long as those who can are doing what they reasonably can, then it’s OK by me.

So yes, I am absolutely a hypocrite. And no, I do not believe that I will (or should) one day do something big and important enough in my working life to entirely obliterate every environmental impact that I have ever had. I don’t work on environmental projects because I think it somehow offsets my existence - I work on them because I enjoy the challenges, the joy, the rewards, the experiences, the people and the occasional achievements that they bring. I am also sufficiently heartbroken about the state of everything that I can’t imagine spending my time doing anything else.

So whilst I recognise that the need to point out climate hypocrisy is largely driven by people’s desire to feel better about themselves and the choices they make, I also think it is something that we all - myself included - need to get over. Because focusing on hypocrisy is the MOTHER of all delay tactics. It is a way of avoiding engaging with the reality of the situation that we are facing, and it is entirely self-defeating because it distracts from the systemic change that needs to happen if we want to have even a passing chance of preventing catastrophic climate breakdown. If the world was perfect, we wouldn’t need activists. And if all activists were able to be perfect, they probably wouldn’t have anything left to fight for.

Image: Easter day feast ft. bananas fried in palm oil (unconfirmed).

0 notes

imagineyourocsandotps · 8 years ago

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Send me a shade of color for my OC(s) to answer

Red - What makes you angry?

Crimson - Have you ever been in war? If so, describe how it impacted you

Maroon - What are you most passionate about?

Imperial - Are you in any position of power or authority?

Ruby - Would you consider yourself impulsive or reckless?

Chili - Do you like spicy foods?

Brick - What are some things you dislike?

Rose - Would you consider yourself a romantic person?

Redwood - How tall are you?

Wine - What is your opinion on alcohol? (and does it exist in your world?)

Orange - What are some of your comfort foods?

Spice - Do you like to cook? Do you cook often?

Tangerine - What is your favorite fruit?

Peach - Are you generally a more gentle and soft spoken person or a louder and rougher person?

Squash - Do you live in an agricultural setting? If so, are you a farmer or something of the sort? What kind of crops do you grow?

Amber - Do you wield any sort of superpower? If so, what is it?

Honey - Have you ever considered marrying someone? What is your opinion on marriage in general?

Sandstone - Who in your life has been the most healing for you?

Rust - Have you thought about becoming old? Can you become old? Are you scared of being old? What do you think about elders?

Pumpkin - What is your favorite part of Autumn? (If that exists in your world)

Jumpsuit - Have you ever been arrested/ in trouble with authority?

Bronze - What is your favorite way to warm up when it’s cold

Yellow - Are you an optimist or a pessimist?

Dandelion - Would you consider yourself stubborn?

Marigold - What types of flowers are in your setting? Do you have a favorite?

Blonde - What is your hair color? do you like it?

Lemon - Are you more of a clean or dirty person?

Safety - What is the most traumatic experience in your life?

Gold - Would you consider yourself more rich or poor, in comparison to the world you live in?

Butterscotch - Is there candy in the world you live in? If so, do you have a favorite one?

Daffodil - Do you like trying new things? What is something new you’d like to try?

Sunshine - Are you a more active or lazy person?

Green - Was there ever a time in your life that you went through a period of growth? describe it.

Juniper - What is the nature like in your setting?

Shamrock - Do you believe in luck? If so, are you a generally lucky person?

Pine- If camping exists in your wold, have you gone camping? did you like it? do you go often?

Green tea - Does Tea it exist in your world? If so do you like it, and which kind is your favorite?

Fern - Would you enjoy running a flower shop?

Seafoam - Are there bodies of water in your setting? Describe them if you can

Mint - Does Ice cream exist in your world? If so, what is your favorite Ice cream flavor?

Laurel - Is there a major victory you’ve achieved in your life? if so, what is it?

Emerald - If you could be immortal, would you want to be?

Brunswick - Are you a person who is often jealous? what makes you jealous most often?

Avocado - Are you a health nut or a fan of junkfood?

Army - Do you have a fighting style? If so, what is it?

Olive - What is your Greek personality type? (sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric, or melancholic)

Blue - Are you a creative person? How do you like to be creative?

Peacock - Are you a more flashy person, or do you like to blend in?

Sky - What is your favorite time of the day?

Arctic - Do you prefer warm or cool weather?

Cerulean- What is your favorite way to cool down in hot weather?

Baby (blue) - Would you consider having children? If so, how many?

Periwinkle - Would you consider yourself to be a good parent? what do you think a good parent should be?

Denim - What is your fashion style?

Navy - have you ever been on a boat/sailing? does it exist in your world? did you enjoy it?

Ultramarine - What is your favorite aquatic creature? (if they exist)

Cobalt - Do you live in a world with freedom? Describe your opinion on the subject

Teal - What makes you feel most at peace?

Turquoise - Are you good at communicating your feelings?

Lapis - What is your opinion on religion and the afterlife?

Aegean - Would you consider yourself a wise person? who do you look to for wisdom?

Purple - Is there magic in your world? if so, describe how it works

Violet - What is your ideal date?

Lilac - How would someone win you over?

Lavender - what is a smell you really like?

Royal - How do politics work in your world?

Eggplant - What’s the weirdest thing you’ve eaten?

Amethyst- What is your aesthetic?

Mauve - What makes you feel nostalgic?

Magenta - What is your Zodiac sign?

Pink - Are you currently in a relationship? if so, who is your partner?

Watermelon - what are your favorite summer activities?

Bubblegum - Are you a sassy or sarcastic person?

Salmon - Do you have any health issues or physical disabilities?

Blush - Do you have a crush on anyone? If so, who is it?

Cotten candy - Would you say you have a sweet tooth?

Carnation - Are you comfortable with PDA?

Rouge- Do you have an unpopular opinion?

Pastel - Do you prefer pastel, bright, neon, or dark colors?

Coral - Do you have a strong moral code? What are some moral things that you feel strongly about?

Fuchsia - Are you a generally playful or goofy person? Who or what makes you feel playful or goofy?

White - Do you consider yourself a good person? What’s the best thing you’ve ever done for somebody?

Snow - Have you ever seen snow? Do you like it? What do you like to do in the snow?

Frost - What do you like to wear in cold weather?

Bone - When was the first time you ever witnessed death? How did it impact you?

Cotton - What do you like to wear for pajamas?

Cream - Do you prefer Tea, Coffee, or Cocoa? (If your world has those things. If not, what sort of hot drinks do you have?)

Coconut - What would be your ideal vacation?

Pearl - What do you look for in a romantic partner?

Parchment - Do you like to read or write?

Lace - What would you name your child if you were to have one?

Porcelain - Do you consider yourself a delicate person? Do you fall apart easily?

Salt - Would you consider yourself a mean person? What is it like to fight with you?

Ghost- Are you easily scared? What scares you the most?

Ivory - Do you play any musical instruments? If so, which ones and how well?

Chiffon - Do you prefer a larger and cleaner environment, or a smaller and cozier one?

Alabaster - What is the most recognizable thing about you? What are people most likely to notice about you when they first meet you?

Egg-nog - Do you celebrate Christmas? If so, what traditions do you have? Which are your favorite?

Ecru - Do you have curly, wavy, or straight hair?

Beige - What kind of foods do you eat when you’re bored?

Tan - What is your skin color? Do you like it, or do you wish you looked different?

Buttermilk - Do you prefer pancakes or waffles? (if those exist in your world)

Oatmeal - What is your usual breakfast?

Linen - What clothes do you wear to work?

Sugar cookie - What reminds you of your childhood?

Sand - Have you ever been to a beach? If so, what’s your favorite thing to do at the beach?

Hazel - What kind of folklore/myths/stories are told in your family/community?

Sepia - Do you have any hobbies? If so, what are they?

Buff - Would you consider yourself to be fit, fat, or skinny?

Latte - Do you like milk in your hot drinks?

Brown- Where do you call home?

Mocha - How do you like your coffee? (If you like coffee)

Cinnamon - Which of the “Cinnamon Roll” memes fits you best? (looks like they could kill but is actually a cinnamon roll, looks like a cinnamon roll but could actually kill you, looks like a cinnamon roll and is actually a cinnamon roll, looks like they could kill you and could actually kill you, or sinnamon roll)

Tawny - Cats or Dogs? (or any animal for that matter)

Hickory - How smart are you? Would you consider yourself more book smart or street smart?

Leather - How “basass” would you say you are?

Brunette - If you could change your hair color, what would you change it to?

Gingerbread - What is your favorite holiday?

Penny - If you could make a substantial living doing anything, what would you do?

Chocolate - Do you like chocolate? If so, what is your favorite way to eat it?

Chestnut - Have you ever ridden an animal? If so, which one?

Umber - Who do you call your friend? How many Friends do you have?

Carob - What do you look for in a friend?

Cedar - How old are you?

Caramel - How much does sugar affect you?

Mahogany- What is your moral alignment? (Lawful good, Neutral good, Chaotic good, Lawful neutral, True neutral, Chaotic Neutral, Lawful evil, Neutral evil, Chaotic Evil)

Peanut - Do you have any allergies?

Grey/Gray - Introvert, Extrovert, or Ambivert?

Shadow - What is your biggest regret?

Silver - What do you imagine the future to be like?

Graphite - Do you like to draw? If so, do you draw often? What do you like to draw?

Smoke - Have you ever taken any drugs?

Fog - Was there ever a period in your life when you were confused and lost? how did you get out of it?

Fossil - Do you have any older relatives other than your parents? If so, how many? Do you like them?

Slate - If you could erase any memory from your life, would you do it? If so, which memory would you chose?

Cloud - What do you spend the majority of your time thinking about?

Ash - Is there something or someone from your past that you miss?

Iron - Have you ever used a weapon? Do you own one? If so what is it?

Black - What is the darkest thing you’ve ever done?

Ebony - Describe your family

Onyx - What are your nightmares most often about?

Obsidian - Do you suffer from any mental disabilities?

Spider - What irrational fears do you have?

Charcoal - on a scale of one to ten how would you rate your survival skills?

Soot - How hard do you work to achieve your goals?

Midnight - Are you a night or morning person?

Raven - Can you fly? If not, do you ever dream about flying?

Ink - write your autobiography in one sentence

#tag your oc #ask meme #prompts #imagine your ocs #character development #I'm not doing this I just made it for you guys #oc imagines #muse

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fumpkins · 6 years ago

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This Seawater Is 20,000 Years Old, and Has Remained Untouched Since the Last Ice Age

Twenty thousand years back, life in the world was a lot cooler. It was the tail end of a 100,000-year glacial epoch — likewise called the Last Glacial Optimum — and enormous sheets of ice covered much of The United States and Canada, Northern Europe and Asia. (If they had actually been around at the time, New york city City, Berlin and Beijing would all have actually been entombed in ice.)

Researchers are utilized to studying this cold spell in Earth’s history by taking a look at things like coral fossils and seafloor sediments, today a group of seafaring scientists might have discovered a piece of the past that blows all the others out of the water: a real sample of 20,000-year-old seawater, ejected of an ancient rock development from the Indian Ocean.

According to the scientists, who explained the discover in a research study to be released in the July 2019 problem of the journal Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, this discover represents the very first direct residue of the ocean as it appeared throughout Earth’s last glacial epoch.

The scientists discovered their watery reward while drilling sediment core samples out of the undersea limestone deposits that comprise the Maldives island chain in South Asia. After carrying each core onto their research study vessel, the group sliced the rock like a tube of cookie dough and put the pieces into a hydraulic press that squeezed any residue wetness out of the pores. [Photos: Traces of an Ancient Ice Stream]

Assistant Teacher Clara Blättler with a vial of seawater dating to the last Ice Age—about 20,000 years back.

Credit: Jean Lachat

When the scientists evaluated the structure of these fresh-pressed water samples aboard their ship, they were amazed to discover that the water was incredibly salted — far saltier than the Indian Ocean is today. They did more tests back on land to take a look at the particular components and isotopes (variations of components) that comprised the water, and all the results appeared out of location in the modern-day ocean.

In reality, whatever about these water samples showed that they originated from a time when the ocean was considerably saltier, chillier and more chlorinated — precisely as it is believed to have actually been throughout the Last Glacial Optimum, when ice sheets drew up ocean water and dropped water level to numerous feet listed below existing levels.

“From all indications, it looks pretty clear we now have an actual piece of this 20,000-year-old ocean,” lead research study author Clara Blättler, an assistant teacher of geophysical sciences at the University of Chicago, stated in a declaration.

If these outcomes certainly hold water, the brand-new samples offer the very first direct take a look at how the ocean responded to the geophysical swings of the last glacial epoch. This understanding might result in enhanced environment designs to assist comprehend our own shifting world, Blättler stated, as “any model you build of the climate has to be able to accurately predict the past.”

Keep in mind: At the time of this post’s publication, no one had actually yet petitioned to consume the ancient ocean juice.

Initially released on Live Science.

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New post published on: https://www.livescience.tech/2019/05/26/this-seawater-is-20000-years-old-and-has-remained-untouched-since-the-last-ice-age/

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draxomoriatic · 1 year ago

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"I found an extra sweet treat for you, Fossil Coral Cookie!"

"Oh, how sweet of you. It's only fair that we share the treat you worked so hard for."

A lil piece with Tadpole Sculpin Cookie and Fossil Coral Cookie! The colony tends to give Fossil Coral Cookie the best stuff due to her being their protector, though she always insists on sharing it all.

Info on Fossil Coral here!

#cookie run #cookie run ocs #cookie run oc #tadpole sculpin cookie #fossil coral cookie

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kathleenseiber · 6 years ago

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How squishy animals evolved strong shells and bones

The animal kingdom abounds with creatures that grow hard shells, carapaces, and skeletons. But complex life was pretty squishy at the beginning. A new study clarifies how and when things changed.

Researchers discovered that when carbonate skeletons were first evolving more than 500 million years ago, diverse groups of animals all converged on a similar, counterintuitive process for biomineralization.

Today, many unrelated animals build their skeletons or shells out of calcium carbonate—including echinoderms, mollusks, and corals. Instead of building crystals ion-by-ion from the surrounding sea water, these animals use amorphous, or non-crystalline, nanoparticles as their building blocks of choice.

“In fact, crystallization by particle attachment actually seems to be the prevailing method of biomineralization as far as we can tell,” says Susannah Porter, a professor of earth science at the University of California, Santa Barbara.

Rather than building their skeletons at a molecular level, these animals first form nanoparticles of amorphous calcium carbonate. They then store these particles in vesicles that they can use to transport them to the site of crystallization.

This method of crystallization was first documented more than 20 years ago in the teeth of sea urchins. Since then, scientists have noticed the process throughout the animal kingdom, and involving different minerals. What’s more, the different groups of animals seem to have independently settled on this method of biomineralization, so it must have something going for it.

Given its ubiquity, Porter and her collaborators wanted to determine how far back they could find evidence of this process. Their findings appear in PNAS.

“We obviously can’t watch these Cambrian and Ediacaran organisms make their skeletons, so we need to have a proxy,” Porter says. First author Pupa Gilbert, of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, had previously found that crystallization by particle attachment leaves an irregular particulate texture in the shells and skeletons when they’re viewed under a scanning electron microscope.

The team saw this same telltale pattern upon imaging fossils more than 500 million years old. In fact, this signature preserved even in material that had subsequently converted into another mineral.

“It’s spectacular,” Porter says, “the fact that we can see this detail at the sub-micrometer level.”

Among the ancient material Porter and her collaborators examined were fossils of Cloudina, a genus that includes some of the earliest animals that formed a mineralized skeleton. The genus was named after Preston Cloud, a late professor of biogeology and preeminent researcher in the study of early life.

The team saw the same irregular nanoparticulate texture in Cloudina fossils as in other animals that form crystals by particle attachment. “This shows that, even when animals were first evolving mineralized skeletons, and were maybe not so good at biomineralizing, they were already choosing this mechanism,” Porter says.

The findings suggest that, even early on, there was selection for this particular mechanism across different lineages. “When you see something that is selected for over and over again, it suggests that it is the most advantageous one,” Porter says.

Although it’s counterintuitive that animals would use amorphous material to create the crystals that ultimately form their skeletons or shells, Porter says that this mechanism seems to permit greater control over mineralization than simply building ion by ion, as the traditional models suggested.

For one, these particles are incredibly stable when confined in vesicles: The material doesn’t immediately crystallize but remains amorphous. This allows the animal to keep ingredients around and available yet maintain flexibility regarding when and where the mineralized skeleton forms.

Additionally, compounds like calcium carbonate can take different structures—thereby forming different minerals—depending on environmental conditions. By storing the molecules in an amorphous state, the animal can better control what form, or polymorph, they become, Porter explains.

“It’s like having some frozen cookie dough around that you’re later going to bake into cookies,” she says.

Porter is interested in the large-scale patterns of when lineages first evolved skeletons and how environmental and ecological conditions of the time affected those skeletons.

She suspects that the earliest biomineralizers, like Cloudina, didn’t have particularly strong control over the process of building their skeletons.

“But by the time you get to the Cambrian, the carbonate mineralizers have shells that are complex and organized,” she says. “They have much greater control over their skeletons.”

Source: UC Santa Barbara

The post How squishy animals evolved strong shells and bones appeared first on Futurity.

How squishy animals evolved strong shells and bones published first on https://triviaqaweb.weebly.com/

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1-little-rose · 8 years ago

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Red - What makes you angry?

Crimson - Have you ever been in war? If so, describe how it impacted you

Maroon - What are you most passionate about?

Ruby - Would you consider yourself impulsive or reckless?

Chili - Do you like spicy foods?

Brick - What are some things you dislike?

Rose - Would you consider yourself a romantic person?

Wine - What is your opinion on alcohol?

Orange - What are some of your comfort foods?

Spice - Do you like to cook? Do you cook often?

Tangerine - What is your favorite fruit?

Peach - Are you generally a more gentle and soft spoken person or a louder and rougher person?

Amber - Do you wield any sort of superpower? If so, what is it?

Honey - What is your opinion on marriage in general?

Sandstone - Who in your life has been the most healing for you?

Rust - Have you thought about becoming old? Are you scared of being old? What do you think about elders?

Pumpkin - What is your favorite part of Autumn? What is your favorite season?

Jumpsuit - Have you ever been arrested/ in trouble with authority?

Bronze - What is your favorite way to warm up when it’s cold

Yellow - Are you an optimist or a pessimist?

Dandelion - Would you consider yourself stubborn?

Blonde - What is your hair color? do you like it?

Lemon - Are you more of a clean or dirty person?

Gold - Would you consider yourself more rich or poor, in comparison to the world you live in?

Butterscotch - Is there candy in the world you live in? If so, do you have a favorite one?

Daffodil - Do you like trying new things? What is something new you’d like to try?

Sunshine - Are you a more active or lazy person?

Green - Was there ever a time in your life that you went through a period of growth? describe it.

Shamrock - Do you believe in luck? If so, are you a generally lucky person?

Pine- Have you gone camping? did you like it? do you go often?

Green tea - Does Tea it exist in your world? If so do you like it, and which kind is your favorite?

Fern - Would you enjoy running a flower shop?

Mint - What is your favorite Ice cream flavor?

Laurel - Is there a major victory you’ve achieved in your life? if so, what is it?

Emerald - If you could be immortal, would you want to be?

Brunswick - Are you a person who is often jealous? what makes you jealous most often?

Avocado - Are you a health nut or a fan of junkfood? inbetween? describe.

Army - Do you have a fighting style? If so, what is it?

Olive - What is your Greek personality type? [temperament] (sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric, or melancholic)

Sky - What is your favorite time of the day?

Arctic - Do you prefer warm or cool weather?

Cerulean- What is your favorite way to cool down in hot weather?

Baby (blue) - Would you consider having children? If so, how many?

Periwinkle - Would you consider yourself to be a good parent? what do you think a good parent should be?

Denim - What is your fashion style?

Navy - have you ever been on a boat/sailing? did you enjoy it?

Ultramarine - What is your favorite aquatic creature? (if they exist)

Teal - What makes you feel most at peace?

Turquoise - Are you good at communicating your feelings?

Lapis - What is your opinion on religion and the afterlife?

Aegean - Would you consider yourself a wise person? who do you look to for wisdom?

Purple - Is there magic in your world? if so, describe how it works

Violet - What is your ideal date?

Lilac - How would someone win you over?

Lavender - what is a smell you really like?

Amethyst- What is your aesthetic?

Mauve - What makes you feel nostalgic?

Watermelon - what are your favorite summer activities?

Bubblegum - Are you a sassy or sarcastic person?

Salmon - Do you have any health issues or physical disabilities?

Blush - Do you have a crush on anyone? If so, who is it?

Cotten candy - Would you say you have a sweet tooth?

Carnation - Are you comfortable with PublicDisplaysofAffection?

Pastel - Do you prefer pastel, bright, neon, or dark colors?

Coral - Do you have a strong moral code? What are some moral things that you feel strongly about?

Fuchsia - Are you a generally playful or goofy person? Who or what makes you feel playful or goofy?

White - Do you consider yourself a good person? What’s the best thing you’ve ever done for somebody?

Snow - Have you ever seen snow? Do you like it? What do you like to do in the snow?

Frost - What do you like to wear in cold weather?

Bone - When was the first time you ever witnessed death? How did it impact you?

Cotton - What do you like to wear for pajamas?

Cream - Do you prefer Tea, Coffee, or Cocoa? (If your world has those things. If not, what sort of hot drinks do you have?)

Coconut - What would be your ideal vacation?

Pearl - What do you look for in a romantic partner?

Parchment - Do you like to read or write?

Lace - What would you name your child if you were to have one?

Salt - Would you consider yourself a mean person? What is it like to fight with you?

Ghost- Are you easily scared?

Ivory - Do you play any musical instruments? If so, which ones and how well?

Chiffon - Do you prefer a larger and cleaner environment, or a smaller and cozier one?

Alabaster - What is the most recognizable thing about you? What are people most likely to notice about you when they first meet you?

Egg-nog - Do you celebrate Christmas? If so, what traditions do you have? Which are your favorite?

Ecru - Do you have curly, wavy, or straight hair?

Beige - What kind of foods do you eat when you’re bored?

Tan - What is your skin color? Do you like it, or do you wish you looked different?

Buttermilk - Do you prefer pancakes or waffles? (if those exist in your world)

Oatmeal - What is your usual breakfast?

Linen - What clothes do you wear to work?

Sugar cookie - What reminds you of your childhood?

Sand - Have you ever been to a beach? If so, what’s your favorite thing to do at the beach?

Sepia - Do you have any hobbies? If so, what are they?

Buff - Would you consider yourself to be fit, fat, or skinny?

Latte - Do you like milk in your hot drinks?

Brown- Where do you call home?

Mocha - How do you like your coffee? (If you like coffee)

Tawny - Cats or Dogs? (or any animal for that matter)

Hickory - How smart are you? Would you consider yourself more book smart or street smart?

Leather - How “basass” would you say you are?

Brunette - If you could change your hair color, what would you change it to?

Gingerbread - What is your favorite holiday?

Penny - If you could make a substantial living doing anything, what would you do?

Chocolate - Do you like chocolate? If so, what is your favorite way to eat it?

Chestnut - Have you ever ridden an animal? If so, which one?

Umber - Who do you call your friend? How many Friends do you have?

Carob - What do you look for in a friend?

Caramel - How much does sugar affect you?

Mahogany- What is your moral alignment? (Lawful good, Neutral good, Chaotic good, Lawful neutral, True neutral, Chaotic Neutral, Lawful evil, Neutral evil, Chaotic Evil)

Peanut - Do you have any allergies?

Grey/Gray - Introvert, Extrovert, or Ambivert?

Shadow - What is your biggest regret?

Silver - What do you imagine the future to be like?

Smoke - Have you ever taken any drugs?

Fog - Was there ever a period in your life when you were confused and lost? how did you get out of it?

Fossil - Do you have any older relatives other than your parents? If so, how many? Do you like them?

Cloud - What do you spend the majority of your time thinking about?

Ash - Is there something or someone from your past that you miss?

Iron - Have you ever used a weapon? Do you own one? If so what is it?

Black - What is the darkest thing you’ve ever done?

Ebony - Describe your family