#grabenhorst

[dorstadt]

Wolfenbütteler Schaufenster vom 26. Mai 2024, Ausgabe Wolfenbüttel (Gesamtausgabe), Seite 10

#Wolfenbüttel #Dorstadt #Schladen #Oderwald #KSV #Kreisschützenverband #Kreisdelegiertenversammlung #Schützenverein #Schießsport #Schaufenster #Keye #Grabenhorst #Quidde #Matzuga

[compneuropapers]

Interesting Papers for Week 25, 2024

Silencing CA1 pyramidal cells output reveals the role of feedback inhibition in hippocampal oscillations. Adaikkan, C., Joseph, J., Foustoukos, G., Wang, J., Polygalov, D., Boehringer, R., … McHugh, T. J. (2024). Nature Communications, 15, 2190.

A multi-demand operating system underlying diverse cognitive tasks. Cai, W., Taghia, J., & Menon, V. (2024). Nature Communications, 15, 2185.

A view-based decision mechanism for rewards in the primate amygdala. Grabenhorst, F., Ponce-Alvarez, A., Battaglia-Mayer, A., Deco, G., & Schultz, W. (2023). Neuron, 111(23), 3871-3884.e14.

Local and global predictors of synapse elimination during motor learning. Hedrick, N. G., Wright, W. J., & Komiyama, T. (2024). Science Advances, 10(11).

Laminar evoked responses in mouse somatosensory cortex suggest a special role for deep layers in cortical complexity. Hönigsperger, C., Storm, J. F., & Arena, A. (2024). European Journal of Neuroscience, 59(5), 752–770.

Synaptic wiring motifs in posterior parietal cortex support decision-making. Kuan, A. T., Bondanelli, G., Driscoll, L. N., Han, J., Kim, M., Hildebrand, D. G. C., … Lee, W.-C. A. (2024). Nature, 627(8003), 367–373.

Organization of reward and movement signals in the basal ganglia and cerebellum. Larry, N., Zur, G., & Joshua, M. (2024). Nature Communications, 15, 2119.

Autokinesis Reveals a Threshold for Perception of Visual Motion. Liu, Y., Tian, J., Martin-Gomez, A., Arshad, Q., Armand, M., & Kheradmand, A. (2024). Neuroscience, 543, 101–107.

Temporally organized representations of reward and risk in the human brain. Man, V., Cockburn, J., Flouty, O., Gander, P. E., Sawada, M., Kovach, C. K., … O’Doherty, J. P. (2024). Nature Communications, 15, 2162.

Neural timescales reflect behavioral demands in freely moving rhesus macaques. Manea, A. M. G., Maisson, D. J.-N., Voloh, B., Zilverstand, A., Hayden, B., & Zimmermann, J. (2024). Nature Communications, 15, 2151.

Changes in spatial self-consciousness elicit grid cell–like representation in the entorhinal cortex. Moon, H.-J., Albert, L., De Falco, E., Tasu, C., Gauthier, B., Park, H.-D., & Blanke, O. (2024). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(12), e2315758121.

Goal-seeking compresses neural codes for space in the human hippocampus and orbitofrontal cortex. Muhle-Karbe, P. S., Sheahan, H., Pezzulo, G., Spiers, H. J., Chien, S., Schuck, N. W., & Summerfield, C. (2023). Neuron, 111(23), 3885-3899.e6.

A persistent prefrontal reference frame across time and task rules. Muysers, H., Chen, H.-L., Hahn, J., Folschweiller, S., Sigurdsson, T., Sauer, J.-F., & Bartos, M. (2024). Nature Communications, 15, 2115.

Interactions between circuit architecture and plasticity in a closed-loop cerebellar system. Payne, H. L., Raymond, J. L., & Goldman, M. S. (2024). eLife, 13, e84770.

Functionally refined encoding of threat memory by distinct populations of basal forebrain cholinergic projection neurons. Rajebhosale, P., Ananth, M. R., Kim, R., Crouse, R., Jiang, L., López-Hernández, G., … Talmage, D. A. (2024). eLife, 13, e86581.

Functional architecture of dopamine neurons driving fear extinction learning. Salinas-Hernández, X. I., Zafiri, D., Sigurdsson, T., & Duvarci, S. (2023). Neuron, 111(23), 3854-3870.e5.

Neural attentional filters and behavioural outcome follow independent individual trajectories over the adult lifespan. Tune, S., & Obleser, J. (2024). eLife, 12, e92079.3.

Coordinated head direction representations in mouse anterodorsal thalamic nucleus and retrosplenial cortex. van der Goes, M.-S. H., Voigts, J., Newman, J. P., Toloza, E. H., Brown, N. J., Murugan, P., & Harnett, M. T. (2024). eLife, 13, e82952.

Specific rules for time and space of multisensory plasticity in the superior colliculus. Wang, L., Xin, H., Buren, Q., Zhang, Y., Han, Y., Ouyang, B., … Dong, C. (2024). Brain Research, 1828, 148774.

Structural constraints on the emergence of oscillations in multi-population neural networks. Zang, J., Liu, S., Helson, P., & Kumar, A. (2024). eLife, 12, e88777.3.

[germanpostwarmodern]

Gymnasium and Cafeteria (1930) of the University of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover, Germany, by Karl Grabenhorst & Franz Erich Kassbaum

[sciencenewsforstudents]

Robots and animated characters that look too much like real people can be creepy. A new analysis of brain scans may explain why.

People often like robots better the more they look like real people, past studies have shown. But only up to a point. Figures that look almost, but not quite, human can make people feel uneasy. And that in turn may affect how people react to such characters. Researchers want to better understand the brain pathways that cause this feeling. That could help designers create less unnerving androids. (Androids are robots made to look very humanlike.)

Explainer: How to read brain activity

Fabian Grabenhorst is a neuroscientist at the University of Cambridge in England. He studies how the brain responds to others in social situations. He led the new study to understand what’s behind that creeped-out feeling.

He and his colleagues recruited 21 volunteers to lay in a brain scanner. The scanner uses magnets to measure blood flow to different parts of the brain. Blood flow can rise or fall in different areas as the brain does a task. Those changes help show which brain regions are most active during that task. This process is called fMRI, or functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Scientists Say: MRI

The researchers measured the participants’ brain activity as they did two tasks. In each one, participants viewed pictures of people and humanoid robots. The robots ranged from very machine-like to nearly human. Some of the photos of people were edited to slightly distort their features. These were called “artificial humans.” They had a grayish skin tone and unnaturally smooth skin. They were meant to mimic super realistic-looking robots.

First, participants rated how likable each figure was. They also said how human each one looked.

Next, participants viewed pairs of the pictures. They were told each pictured figure had a gift to offer them. Some of the possible gifts were desirable (such as a movie ticket). Others were not (dishwashing soap). The participants didn’t know which character would give which gift. But for each pair of pictures, they had to choose who they would rather get a gift from. That was used to assess how much the participants would trust each figure’s choices.

[aktionfsa-blog-blog]

Nun gilt es die Euro-Drohne zu verhindern

Nein zur Kampfdrohnenbeschaffung ist ein Erfolg der Friedensbewegung

Wir feiern unseren Erfolg, wissen aber auch, dass dies nur ein kleiner Schritt war und der Kampf gegen einen Einstieg in automatisierte Kriege nach der Bundestagswahl weitergehen wird. Dann muss es das Ziel sein, die Eurodrohne zu verhindern, bzw ihr die Bewaffnung unmöglich zu machen!

Das Netzwerk Friedenskooperative, in dem wir seit über 10 Jahren arbeiten erklärt dazu in einer gemeinsamen Presseerklärung:

Nein zur Kampfdrohnenbeschaffung ist ein Erfolg der Friedensbewegung

Das Netzwerk Friedenskooperative begrüßt die Entscheidung der SPD-Bundestagsfraktion, die Entscheidung über die Anschaffung bewaffneter Drohnen zu vertagen. Die Friedensbewegung kritisierte bereits in der Vergangenheit, dass in der Drohnendebatte wichtige Stimmen, wie etwa Betroffene von Drohnenkriegen, nicht angehört wurden. Die ergebnisoffene Weiterführung wird das Netzwerk Friedenskooperative und die Friedensbewegung nutzen, um weiterhin Druck gegen die Anschaffung von Kampfdrohnen für die Bundeswehr zu machen.

„Es ist begrüßenswert, dass sich die SPD gegen die Anschaffung der Kampfdrohnen gestellt hat. Große Teile der Zivilgesellschaft verfolgen die immer neuen Aufrüstungspläne der Bundesregierung mit großer Skepsis.“, betont Philipp Ingenleuf vom Netzwerk Friedenskooperative. „Das Nein der SPD ist ein großer Erfolg der Friedensbewegung und bestätigt den Aufwind der Bewegung, die in den letzten Jahren stetig Zuwachs bekommen hat. Besonders in der aktuell schwierigen Situation ist es für viele Menschen nicht mehr akzeptabel, dass immer weiter aufgerüstet wird, obwohl das Geld viel dringender in zivilen Bereichen eingesetzt werden müsste, um die Folgen der Coronapandemie aufzufangen.“, so Ingenleuf weiter.

„Wir begrüßen die Entscheidung der SPD-Fraktion. Die Entscheidung ist ein Gewinn für das Völkerrecht und ein Halteschild auf dem Weg zur autonomen Kriegsführung, für die bewaffnete Drohnen der Türöffner sind", erklärt Susanne Grabenhorst, Vorsitzende der ärztlichen Friedensorganisation IPPNW und Mitglied im Arbeitskreis Drohnen.

In den vergangenen Monaten gab es vielfältige Aktionen der Friedensbewegung, mit denen die Bewaffnung von Bundeswehrdrohnen problematisiert wurde. Dazu gehörte u.a. ein Drohnen-Hearing, an dem sich auch Bundestagsabgeordnete von SPD, Grünen und Linken beteiligten. Das Netzwerk Friedenskooperative stellte verschiedene Mailaktionen über die Plattform www.lobbying4peace.de bereit, an denen sich mehrere Tausend Menschen mit Mails an ihre Abgeordnete beteiligten.

„Seit 2012 haben viele mutige Mitglieder und Abgeordnete in der SPD daran festgehalten, dass es eine ausführliche rechtliche und ethische Prüfung von automatisierten und autonomen Waffensystemen geben muss. Die wahren Experten zur ethischen Dimension sind diejenigen, die direkt Erfahrungen damit haben, ob auf der Täter- oder der Opferseite. Wir sind besonders MdB Dr. Karl-Heinz Brunner aus dem Verteidigungsausschuss dankbar, der die Einladung der Drohnen-Kampagne an seine Fraktion weitergeleitet hat, so dass sie direkt mit zwei kritischen US-Verteraninnen des Drohnenprogramms ins Gespräch kommen konnten. Die Veteraninnen mahnen, dass die Opfer immer noch nicht gehört worden sind. Trotzdem hat das Verteidigungsministerium vor, schon in den kommenden Monaten eine bewaffnungsfähige Euro-Drohne durchzusetzen. Wir müssen dran bleiben und international arbeiten, um die “virenartigen" Ausbreitung tödlicher digitaler Waffensystemen zu stoppen.”, so Elsa Rassbach, Mitbegründerin des bundesweiten Netzwerks Drohnen-Kampagne und Sprecherin zu Drohnen für attac Deutschland, DFG-VK und Code Pink.

Das Netzwerk Friedenskooperative spricht sich für eine baldige Beendigung der Drohnendiskussion aus, anstatt die Entscheidung über die Anschaffung von Kampfdrohnen immer wieder zu verschiebenDie vielen Jahre der Debatte zeigen, dass es für die Anschaffung von bewaffneten Drohnen keine Mehrheiten gibt. Stattdessen sollte sich die Bundesregierung auf internationaler Ebene für effektive Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der Drohnenproliferation einsetzen und einen Augenmerk auf die enormen Gefahren durch die Automatisierung des Krieges legen. Daher sollte auch die Pläne für die Anschaffung der Euro-Drohne auf Eis gelegt werden.

Netzwerk Friedenskooperative Römerstr. 88, 53111 Bonn

Mehr dazu in unseren Artikel zum Thema Drohnenbewaffnung https://www.aktion-freiheitstattangst.org/cgi-bin/searchart.pl?suche=Drohnenbewaffnung&sel=meta

und https://www.aktion-freiheitstattangst.org/de/articles/7487-20201217-nun-gilt-es-die-euro-drohne-zu-verhindern.htm

[fineinteriors]

Hotel Freigeist, Göttingen, Germany | Designed by Ahrens & Grabenhorst Architekten | Photography by Sebastian Böttcher

[jrmilazzo]

<< Along the midline of the frontal lobe, where the left and right brain hemispheres meet, there is a wall of neural tissue known as the medial prefrontal cortex. In previous studies, the researchers have shown that this brain region contains a generic valuation system that judges all kinds of stimuli; for example, they showed previously that this brain area signals the reward value of pleasant high-fat milkshakes and also of social stimuli such as pleasant touch.

In the present study, two distinct parts of the medial prefrontal cortex were important for the Uncanny Valley. One part converted the human-likeness signal into a ‘human detection’ signal, with activity in this region over-emphasising the boundary between human and non-human stimuli – reacting most strongly to human agents and much less to artificial agents.

The second part, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), integrated this signal with a likeability evaluation to produce a distinct activity pattern that closely matched the Uncanny Valley response.

“We were surprised to see that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex responded to artificial agents precisely in the manner predicted by the Uncanny Valley hypothesis, with stronger responses to more human-like agents but then showing a dip in activity close to the human/non-human boundary—the characteristic ‘valley’,” says Dr Grabenhorst. >>

[courtneytincher]

Sanctions, Amid COVID-19 Pandemic, Will Lead to Humanitarian Catastrophe

BERLIN, Jun 19 (IPS) - Susanne Grabenhorst is Chair of the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW) , a non-partisan federation of national medical groups in 63 countries*. The Covid-19 pandemic has spread across the world. Although the numbers of infections and deaths vary between countries, they are increasing dramatically in some places, threatening people's health as well as the basis of their economic and social lives.

Read the full story, “Sanctions, Amid COVID-19 Pandemic, Will Lead to Humanitarian Catastrophe”, on globalissues.org →

from Global Issues News Headlines

BERLIN, Jun 19 (IPS) - Susanne Grabenhorst is Chair of the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW) , a non-partisan federation of national medical groups in 63 countries*. The Covid-19 pandemic has spread across the world. Although the numbers of infections and deaths vary between countries, they are increasing dramatically in some places, threatening people's health as well as the basis of their economic and social lives.

Read the full story, “Sanctions, Amid COVID-19 Pandemic, Will Lead to Humanitarian Catastrophe”, on globalissues.org →

via IFTTT

[krogerconews]

NEW DETAILS / ARRESTED: Vehicle break-in suspects in custody

As police responded, Grabenhorst radioed 911 that he had spotted the pickup at the Safeway Shopping Center parking lot on Logan Road. from Google Alert - safeway | publix | albertson's https://ift.tt/2MtsnTk via IFTTT

[cubontinism-blog]

Ahrens & Grabenhorst Architekten - Haus G (2002-2004)

[compneuropapers]

Interesting Papers for Week 34, 2023

Mapping thalamic innervation to individual L2/3 pyramidal neurons and modeling their ‘readout’ of visual input. Balcioglu, A., Gillani, R., Doron, M., Burnell, K., Ku, T., Erisir, A., … Nedivi, E. (2023). Nature Neuroscience, 26(3), 470–480.

Inhibition of noradrenergic signalling in rodent orbitofrontal cortex impairs the updating of goal-directed actions. Cerpa, J. C., Piccin, A., Dehove, M., Lavigne, M., Kremer, E. J., Wolff, M., … Coutureau, E. (2023). eLife, 12, e81623.

Evidence for dopaminergic involvement in endogenous modulation of pain relief. Desch, S., Schweinhardt, P., Seymour, B., Flor, H., & Becker, S. (2023). eLife, 12, e81436.

Neuro-computational mechanisms and individual biases in action-outcome learning under moral conflict. Fornari, L., Ioumpa, K., Nostro, A. D., Evans, N. J., De Angelis, L., Speer, S. P. H., … Gazzola, V. (2023). Nature Communications, 14, 1218.

Tilt aftereffect spreads across the visual field. Gurbuz, B. T., & Boyaci, H. (2023). Vision Research, 205, 108174.

Nutrient-Sensitive Reinforcement Learning in Monkeys. Huang, F.-Y., & Grabenhorst, F. (2023). Journal of Neuroscience, 43(10), 1714–1730.

Neurocomputational mechanism of real-time distributed learning on social networks. Jiang, Y., Mi, Q., & Zhu, L. (2023). Nature Neuroscience, 26(3), 506–516.

Income and emotional well-being: A conflict resolved. Killingsworth, M. A., Kahneman, D., & Mellers, B. (2023). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 120(10), e2208661120.

Young children calibrate effort based on the trajectory of their performance. Leonard, J. A., Cordrey, S. R., Liu, H. Z., & Mackey, A. P. (2023). Developmental Psychology, 59(3), 609–619.

Mice and primates use distinct strategies for visual segmentation. Luongo, F. J., Liu, L., Ho, C. L. A., Hesse, J. K., Wekselblatt, J. B., Lanfranchi, F. F., … Tsao, D. Y. (2023). eLife, 12, e74394.

Working memory and reward increase the accuracy of animal location encoding in the medial prefrontal cortex. Ma, X., Zheng, C., Chen, Y., Pereira, F., & Li, Z. (2023). Cerebral Cortex, 33(5), 2245–2259.

Evolution of neural activity in circuits bridging sensory and abstract knowledge. Mastrogiuseppe, F., Hiratani, N., & Latham, P. (2023). eLife, 12, e79908.

Pyramidal cell types drive functionally distinct cortical activity patterns during decision-making. Musall, S., Sun, X. R., Mohan, H., An, X., Gluf, S., Li, S.-J., … Churchland, A. K. (2023). Nature Neuroscience, 26(3), 495–505.

Covert attention leads to fast and accurate decision-making. Perkovic, S., Schoemann, M., Lagerkvist, C.-J., & Orquin, J. L. (2023). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 29(1), 78–94.

Neural evidence for age-related deficits in the representation of state spaces. Ruel, A., Bolenz, F., Li, S.-C., Fischer, A., & Eppinger, B. (2023). Cerebral Cortex, 33(5), 1768–1781.

Expectation violations enhance neuronal encoding of sensory information in mouse primary visual cortex. Tang, M. F., Kheradpezhouh, E., Lee, C. C. Y., Dickinson, J. E., Mattingley, J. B., & Arabzadeh, E. (2023). Nature Communications, 14, 1196.

The eyes prefer targets nearby fixation: Quantifying eccentricity-dependent attentional biases in oculomotor selection. van Heusden, E., Olivers, C. N. L., & Donk, M. (2023). Vision Research, 205, 108177.

Signal denoising through topographic modularity of neural circuits. Zajzon, B., Dahmen, D., Morrison, A., & Duarte, R. (2023). eLife, 12, e77009.

Contrary neuronal recalibration in different multisensory cortical areas. Zeng, F., Zaidel, A., & Chen, A. (2023). eLife, 12, e82895.

The Orienting Reflex Reveals Behavioral States Set by Demanding Contexts: Role of the Superior Colliculus. Zhou, J., Hormigo, S., Busel, N., & Castro-Alamancos, M. A. (2023). Journal of Neuroscience, 43(10), 1778–1796.

[soccerstl]

2017 Missouri AAA Soccer Large School All Conference Team

2017 Missouri AAA Soccer Large School All Conference Team

Sr. forward Collin Chrun turns upfield for St. Dominic in their District Final win at Liberty on October 25, 2017 The Archiocese Athletic Assocation aka AAA Soccer Large School All Conference team has been announced for 2017. The Conference consists of Jeff City Helias, St. Dominic, Duchesne, St. Mary’s and St. Francis Borgia in Washington. The St. Dominic Crusaders finished 5-0 in the…

[sciencenewsforstudents]

A new analysis of brain scans may explain why hyperrealistic androids and animated characters can be creepy.

By measuring people’s neural activity as they viewed pictures of humans and robots, researchers identified a region of the brain that seems to underlie the “uncanny valley” effect — the unsettling sensation sometimes caused by robots or animations that look almost, but not quite, human (SN Online: 11/22/13). Better understanding the neural circuitry that causes this feeling may help designers create less unnerving androids.

In research described online July 1 in the Journal of Neuroscience, neuroscientist Fabian Grabenhorst and colleagues took functional MRI scans of 21 volunteers during two activities. In each activity, participants viewed pictures of humans, humanoid robots of varying realism and — to simulate the appearance of hyperrealistic robots — “artificial humans,” pictures of people whose features were slightly distorted through plastic surgery and photo editing.

In the first activity, participants rated each picture on likability and how humanlike the figures appeared. Next, participants chose between pairs of these pictures, based on which subject they would rather receive a gift from. In line with the uncanny valley effect, participants generally rated more humanlike candidates as more likable, but this trend broke down for artificial humans — the most humanlike of the nonhuman options. A similar uncanny valley trend emerged in participants’ judgments about which figures were more trustworthy gift-givers.

Brain scans revealed that activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, or VMPFC — a region involved in making value judgments — mirrored participants’ uncanny valley reactions. VMPFC activity was typically higher in response to more humanlike pictures, but dipped in response to artificial humans. That drop was most pronounced in people with the strongest dislike for artificial humans. Those findings suggest that this region of the brain underpins the uncanny valley sensation, the researchers say.

But this analysis may not directly map uncanny valley chills to neural activity, says human-computer interaction researcher Karl MacDorman. That’s because a lack of likability and gift-giving reliability don’t necessarily make something eerie.

Disney villains, for example, may not look particularly likable or trustworthy, but they don’t necessarily fall into the uncanny valley, says MacDorman, of Indiana University in Indianapolis. A future study could investigate the relationship between brain activity and how weirded-out people feel when they see different humanoids, rather than how much they like or dislike these figures.

If the VMPFC is responsible for generating the uncanny valley heebie-jeebies, that may be good news for android designers and animators. Social experiences can change how VMPFC reacts to certain situations, says Grabenhorst, of the University of Cambridge. So positive interactions with an initially creepy robot or avatar may make it less bothersome.

[aktionfsa-blog-blog]

Bewaffnung der automatischen Tötungsmaschinen verhindern

Morgen, 16.9. Anhörung gegen Kampfdrohnen

Seit 2013 versuchen wir zu verhindern, dass die Bundeswehr in die möderische Kriegsführung mit automatischen Drohnen einsteigt. Diese 7 Jahre waren geprägt von kleinen Erfolgen und Unterstützung von einem großen Teil der Bevölkerung, die mehrheitlich gegen die Aufrüstungspolitik der Bundesregierung und speziell auch gegen die Automatisierung des Tötens ist. So konnte die Anschaffung der Drohnen 2017 und 2018 noch verhindert werden, weil die Abgeordneten der SPD im Verteidigungs- und Haushaltsausschuss nicht der CDU folgte. Im Juni 2019 wurde jedoch den Leasingvertägen für 5 israelische Heron TP Drohnen zugestimmt und über eine Milliarde Euro an Steuergeld sinnlos verbrannt anstatt die dringenden sozialen Probleme in der Gesellschaft nach Corona anzugehen.

Die Bewaffnung dieser Drohnen mit Bomben(!) und Raketen steht nun am 5. Oktober auf der Tagesordnung des Verteidigungsausschuss. Damit soll die vom Bundestag 2013 beschlossene breite, öffentliche Debatte zu ethischen Fragen beendet sein, bevor sie überhaupt öffentlich stattgefunden hat. Im April/Mai fanden hinter verschlossenen Türen Anhörungen der Bundeswehr und einiger Mitglieder des Verteidigungsausschuss statt - gegen die wir mit einer Mahnwache am 11. Mai protestiert haben.

Wir brauchen eine breite, öffentliche Debatte zu den ethischen Fragen des automatischen Tötens!

16. September 2020, 17-19 Uhr, Online-Hearing "Kampfdrohnen für die Bundeswehr?"

Die humanitären Folgen von Kampfdrohnen sind gravierend und erfordern eine umfangreiche öffentliche Diskussion über die völkerrechtlichen, verfassungsrechtlichen und ethischen Bedenken bezüglich ihres Einsatzes durch die Bundeswehr. Die vom Bundesverteidigungsministerium im Mai begonnene Debatte über die Bewaffnung der geleasten Drohnen war überwiegend von Menschen aus dem Umfeld der Bundeswehr geprägt und hatte dadurch eine erhebliche Schlagseite.

Angesichts weiterhin ungeklärter ethischer Fragen und völkerrechtlicher Bedenken brauchen wir als Gesellschaft aber eine breite Auseinandersetzung darüber, ob wir diesen Aufrüstungsschritt und seine weitreichenden Folgen wirklich wollen. In der Debatte fehlen Stimmen von vielen Organisationen der Zivilgesellschaft, die sich schon seit Jahren mit dem Thema auseinandersetzen.

Aus diesen Gründen lädt ein breites Bündnis der Zivilgesellschaft zu militärischen Drohnen am 16. September 2020 um 17 Uhr zu einer öffentlichen Online-Debatte über die Bewaffnung der Bundeswehr-Drohnen ein.

17 Uhr: Stimmen aus der Zivilgesellschaft: Einführung: Reiner Braun (International Peace Bureau), Moderation: Angelika Wilmen (IPPNW)

   Susanne Grabenhorst (Internationale Ärzte für die Verhütung des Atomkrieges)

   Claudia Haydt (Informationsstelle Militarisierung)

   Hans-Jörg Kreowski (Forum InformatikerInnen für Frieden)

   Elsa Rassbach (Drohnenkampagne)

   Andreas Schüller (European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights

18 Uhr Politiker*innenrunde

   Karl-Heinz Brunner, MdB (SPD)

   Andrej Hunko, MdB (Die Linke)

   Katja Keul, MdB (Grüne)

anschließend Diskussion

Eine Anmeldung zu dem Online-Hearing ist erforderlich. Bitte melden Sie sich verbindlich an unter https://www.ippnw.de/index.php?id=915 Die Einwahldaten werden Ihnen dann rechtzeitig vorab zugesendet. IPPNW - Ärzte für die Verhütung des Atomkrieges/Ärzte in sozialer Verantwortung e.V. Körtestr. 10 10967 Berlin

Mehr dazu bei http://www.ippnw.de/ und https://drohnenkampagne.de

und https://www.aktion-freiheitstattangst.org/de/articles/7391-20200915-bewaffnung-der-automatischen-toetungsmaschinen-verhindern.htm

[bharatiyamedia-blog]

This is What Occurs in Your Mind When You are Creeped Out by Sure Robots

http://tinyurl.com/yy6wsms4 You could be conversant in the ‘uncanny valley’ effect, the place a computer-generated character or robotic seems virtually human… however with sufficient of a spot to an actual individual to depart you feeling uneasy. Now neuroscientists have found out which a part of the mind may give rise to those bizarre emotions.   The identical analysis suggests a few of us might even be extra prone to the uncanny valley sensation than others, and these findings are going to be invaluable as engineers attempt to make humanoid robots and artificially created avatars extra relatable. Primarily based on functional MRI scans of 21 people as they went via experiments involving photographs of different people and robots, researchers recognized a hyperlink between the uncanny valley and two distinct components of the medial prefrontal cortex, a bit of the mind concerned in judging every kind of stimuli. “We had been shocked to see that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex responded to synthetic brokers exactly within the method predicted by the uncanny valley speculation,” says neuroscientist Fabian Grabenhorst, from the College of Cambridge within the UK. “With stronger responses to extra human-like brokers however then displaying a dip in exercise near the human/non-human boundary – the attribute ‘valley’.” The uncanny valley thought has been round for the reason that 1970s, first proposed by Japanese roboticist Masahiro Mori. It suggests our emotional response to robots and CGI creations turns into extra constructive the extra life-like they turn into – however then dips once more proper earlier than the purpose the place these synthetic beings turn into indistinguishable from the true factor.   In different phrases, the creepy feeling is not introduced on by robots which can be clearly pretend, or people which can be undoubtedly actual – however there is a unusual unnerving sensation someplace close to the boundary line. “It implies a neural mechanism that first judges how shut a given sensory enter, such because the picture of a robotic, lies to the boundary of what we understand as a human or non-human agent,” says Grabenhorst. “This info would then be utilized by a separate valuation system to find out the agent’s likeability.” To analyze additional, Grabenhorst and his colleagues bought their volunteers to have a look at photographs of people, synthetic people, android robots, humanoid robots and mechanoid robots, and requested them to assign scores primarily based on likeability and human-likeness. Then, the members had been requested to determine which of those ‘brokers’ they’d request to pick a present a human would really like. According to the uncanny valley phenomenon, folks selected both actual people, or the extra human-like synthetic brokers for this process. They didn’t go for the brokers in between, the place the distinction between human-or-not was the toughest to make out.   Primarily based on the fMRI scans, the researchers suppose one a part of the medial prefrontal cortex tries to create a transparent distinction between people and non-humans, and one other half then assesses likeability. The exams additionally confirmed that one other mind area – the amygdala, the place decision-making, reminiscence, and emotional responses are dealt with – was working hardest when almost-human brokers had been being rejected. The power of that rejection diverse between members, hinting that a few of us have a deeper uncanny valley than others. These valuation indicators might change over time, the scientists counsel, with synthetic brokers maybe capable of earn our belief. If we will co-exist on this planet with AI and robots although, minimising the uncanny valley impact goes to be necessary. “That is the primary examine to indicate particular person variations within the power of the uncanny valley impact, that means that some people react overly and others much less sensitively to human-like synthetic brokers,” says technologist Astrid Rosenthal-von der Pütten, from the RWTH Aachen College in Germany. “This implies there isn’t any one robotic design that matches – or scares – all customers. In my opinion, sensible robotic behaviour is of nice significance, as a result of customers will abandon robots that don’t show to be sensible and helpful.” The analysis has been printed within the Journal of Neuroscience.   Source link

[sciencespies]

Here's what happens in your brain when you're creeped out by certain robots

https://sciencespies.com/tech/heres-what-happens-in-your-brain-when-youre-creeped-out-by-certain-robots/

Here's what happens in your brain when you're creeped out by certain robots

You might be familiar with the ‘uncanny valley’ effect, where a computer-generated character or robot looks almost human… but with enough of a gap to a real person to leave you feeling uneasy. Now neuroscientists have figured out which part of the brain might give rise to these weird feelings.

The same research suggests some of us could even be more susceptible to the uncanny valley sensation than others, and these findings are going to be invaluable as engineers try to make humanoid robots and artificially created avatars more relatable.

Based on functional MRI scans of 21 individuals as they went through experiments involving images of other humans and robots, researchers identified a link between the uncanny valley and two distinct parts of the medial prefrontal cortex, a section of the brain involved in judging all kinds of stimuli.

“We were surprised to see that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex responded to artificial agents precisely in the manner predicted by the uncanny valley hypothesis,” says neuroscientist Fabian Grabenhorst, from the University of Cambridge in the UK.

“With stronger responses to more human-like agents but then showing a dip in activity close to the human/non-human boundary – the characteristic ‘valley’.”

The uncanny valley idea has been around since the 1970s, first proposed by Japanese roboticist Masahiro Mori. It suggests our emotional response to robots and CGI creations becomes more positive the more life-like they become – but then dips again right before the point where these artificial beings become indistinguishable from the real thing.

In other words, the creepy feeling isn’t brought on by robots that are obviously fake, or humans that are definitely real – but there’s a strange unnerving sensation somewhere near the boundary line.

“It implies a neural mechanism that first judges how close a given sensory input, such as the image of a robot, lies to the boundary of what we perceive as a human or non-human agent,” says Grabenhorst.

“This information would then be used by a separate valuation system to determine the agent’s likeability.”

To investigate further, Grabenhorst and his colleagues got their volunteers to look at images of humans, artificial humans, android robots, humanoid robots and mechanoid robots, and asked them to assign ratings based on likeability and human-likeness.

Then, the participants were asked to decide which of these ‘agents’ they’d request to select a gift a human would like. In line with the uncanny valley phenomenon, people chose either real humans, or the more human-like artificial agents for this task. They did not opt for the agents in between, where the difference between human-or-not was the hardest to make out.

Based on the fMRI scans, the researchers think one part of the medial prefrontal cortex tries to create a clear distinction between humans and non-humans, and another part then assesses likeability.

The tests also showed that another brain region – the amygdala, where decision-making, memory, and emotional responses are handled – was working hardest when almost-human agents were being rejected. The strength of that rejection varied between participants, hinting that some of us have a deeper uncanny valley than others.

These valuation signals could change over time, the scientists suggest, with artificial agents perhaps able to earn our trust.

If we’re going to co-exist in the world with AI and robots though, minimising the uncanny valley effect is going to be important.

“This is the first study to show individual differences in the strength of the uncanny valley effect, meaning that some individuals react overly and others less sensitively to human-like artificial agents,” says technologist Astrid Rosenthal-von der Pütten, from the RWTH Aachen University in Germany.

“This means there is no one robot design that fits – or scares – all users. In my view, smart robot behaviour is of great importance, because users will abandon robots that do not prove to be smart and useful.”

The research has been published in the Journal of Neuroscience.

#Tech