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dailyanarchistposts · 2 months ago

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Chimurenga Culture

Zimbabwe

November 14: My drive to Blantyre airport begins at 5.30am. Town and country are already awake. People are walking to work, children to school. Men and women hoe plots of land. Bright sun, but clouds whirling through the mountains which jut up as irregular as my remaining teeth. The vegetation here is so beautifully varied — palm trees, bluegums, flame trees, trees which resemble rowan, ash, and oak — that it’s hard to remember that Malawi’s soil, overcropped, isn’t feeding its people. Despite the strangely shaped crags and large tracts of unkempt bush, the landscape often suggests a perfect park. No wonder Livingstone saw Malawi as the ideal base from which to Christianise Africa ...

I think of Livingstone again in flight to Zimbabwe, over the vast Zambesi river. The emptiness of Africa from the air is deceptive. A huge town of huts would show as a brown nothing. But the faint roads wriggle through grim escarpments: acres of swampy land shimmer. That’s not easy country. And over such Livingstone walked — among bugs and snakes — thousands of miles on foot, traversing from Botswana to Tanzania, from Mozambique to Angola. A very dangerous person to know: a callous liar at times. But a brave man ...

We swoop down to Harare’s modern buildings, suburbs and estates of barrack-like orderliness, small fields in patchwork: but still, desiccation. The rains have been poor in Zimbabwe in recent years. Either because of this, or through politico-economic manipulations, a shortage of maize has developed in a country which used to export it.

And recently, as I discover at once, the Zimbabwe dollar has been devalued steeply: 8.50 dollars to the £. This means an airport taxi for £3, a posh hotel for the cost of a B and B in Oban, an excellent local beer for 30p, good cigarettes for 20p for 20, a fine meal for £2 ... It’s uncanny. I feel guilty. A Black police inspector I meet at a bar in the hotel complains that if he goes abroad his hard currency allowance barely pays for one night. "I would rather be a tourist here!" But he wears a smart dark woollen suit.

Till 1980, this was Salisbury, Rhodesia. The Courtenay’ Hotel still stands in a street named after Selous, the notorious white hunter and imperialist, and still entertains white-settler types. They move without aggravation among well-dressed Africans. This gilded melee isn’t my scene.

November 15: The Brontë Hotel is, in fact, even more ‘settler’ in its atmosphere. But for E15 a night (equivalent) I am given a beautiful garden, a swimming pool, a room with a verandah.

Micere — Professor of Literature in the Education faculty — is a very well-known Kenyan author, self-exiled here since 1984 and now a Zimbabwean citizen. This is a bad time to visit the university. Exam scripts are being marked. But Micere would be busy anyway — active in women’s writing groups and in drama, giving devoted attention to mature students and postgraduates. Where she goes, excitement ripples. In her wake, I am at once introduced to a young man — the leading Shona poet — who is visiting the university on business, and can make a date to meet him.

I talk to Micere in her office about Dambudzo Marechera, who died of drink in the streets of Harare four years ago, aged 35. The first Black writer from then-Rhodesia to get international acclaim, he won brief notoriety in the late seventies for wrecking the party (hurling glasses about, etc.) when The Guardian tried to present him with its Fiction Prize. Around that time I found him teetering on a kerb, about to fall under the traffic outside the Africa Centre in London and took him to my sister’s flat nearby. Pouring still more whisky inside himself, he railed and boasted with prodigious eloquence. He was brilliant, self-hating, clearly doomed. Like me, over a longer, sadder, period, Micere and others here found they couldn’t help him. Now, safely dead, he’s a cult figure.

The campus is clean and gracious. Its bookshop is a delight after the dismal show at the University of Nairobi. Here one could teach comparative literature — there’s lots of French, Spanish, Portuguese. There is a fine array of African titles, some printed locally, either at first publication or (photographically reproduced) under licence. For me, these are dead cheap — I could get eight or ten good ones for a tenner. Even books printed in Britain cost me much less than in Edinburgh. But for locals all books are expensive.

After lunch at the Brontë, I get Musaemura Zimunya on the phone. Everything’s going too well. Musa — the leading Zimbabwean poet —will pick me up tonight and take me to a rock concert. Chenjerai Hove, who not long ago won the pan-African Noma Award Bones, will also be there.

I walk to the city centre. This is rather like Croydon with jacarandas and black faces: its architecture figures forth the gentle soul of R.F. Delderfield’s London suburbia. The street names are a bizarre mixture: African heroes and martyrs (Chitepo, Machel, Nyerere) are spliced with notorious colonialists (Baker, Speke and, inevitably, Livingstone). Fountains, despite the drought, play in Cecil Square, with its beautiful gardens.

More bookshops, more excitement. Kingstone’s, the local equivalent of Menzies, in its big central branch has masses of European tides, but also a very large display of local books by Africans. Mambo, like nowhere in Nairobi, puts local authors up front. Behind them, books in English from other African countries, books from Zimbabwe in the two main languages, Shona and Ndebele.

After Nairobi, so peaceful, no hassle or hussle. I see just one pair of beggars, singing beautifully. You’d pass many more in Princes Street or the centre of Dublin, let alone the London rail termini. But, as Micere has briefed me, the sheen of prosperity is deceptive. In the townships ringing the city, life is grim.

When Musa shows up at eight, we drive down dark quiet boulevards our of the city to the Seven Miles Hotel. This was presumably built as a roadhouse for white. Now it’s crammed with Africans, well dressed or virtually ragged, young and old, preponderantly male. The great Thomas Mapfumo is to perform under canvas outside.

One of the books I bought this afternoon, a history of Roots Rocking in Zimbabwe, has briefed me about the man who at home and abroad epitomises Zimbabwean music. How to describe my extraordinary night out?

The concert arena has a few benches — people mostly stand or pass to and fro to the crowded bar at the back. Gradually it fills. A very tall man with fine eyes, aquiline features, looms into view. From book covers, I recognise Hove. Musa tells me that both of them seek inspiration at a Mapfumo concert once a week if possible. This is Chimurenga music, the music which won the guerrilla war of independence over fifteen years of violence (Mapfumo was imprisoned for a time). Chimurenga has gone on to assert the voice of the dispossessed in the new Zimbabwe. Musa and Hove themselves are celebrities; many come up and pay them their compliments.

Before Mapfumo’s well delayed entry, I have ample time to see how the band works. At the back, a western-style drummer and three amplified guitars. (Musa assures me that the bass guitarist produces an uncanny imitation of a bush drum). At the front, a man with what looks like a bent tambourine, a man hitting a piece of wood with a stick, a third with an array of African drums — and three men playing mbiras, the instrument which gives this style of music its technical name. They are held like Homeric shields towards us: behind these wooden circles, the musicians pluck invisible metal prongs. This instrument connects players and audience to the spirit world of the ancestors.

But the band numbers thirteen — or seventeen if you include the singer himself and his back up girls, which makes it about the same size as the Duke’s and the Count’s. At times, a jazz front-line appears —trumpet, trombone, sax — to play accurate riffs.

Mapfumo latterly wore dreadlocks. Not now. He at last arrives in a costume which looks Indian (that is, from India) — a glowing sky blue cross between dhoti and kitenge over loose trousers. With his long ponytail, combined with his prominent forehead and beaky nose, his profile recalls a Native American (‘Indian’) chief: Geronimo or Sitting Bull. In his mid-forties, his face is sculpte d with deep lines. His eyes are like a leopard’s, unsmiling, stony, weary.

Tolstoy would have approved of his voice. It is not for fine singing. It reminds me of Bob Marley, of Woody Guthrie. It is gravelly, rather flat. It is for words. His timing of words does it. The words are his own, and the crowd’s too — they sing along in Shona. Musa translates for me. "Hello my friend, long time no see. What’s the news? Poverty and destitution, poverty and destitution." The African drummer takes up the chorus, growling into his mike as his hands keep up the beat.

The words are grim, but the crowd, now tight packed, are ecstatic. Everyone shimmers, the beat thrilling up through loose knees. A very, very tall man with wall eyes and little English insists that I dance with him. I do my best.

This is rainmaking music. As Mapfumo finishes his first set, the heavens open their gates. Lightning. Thunder. Torrential welcome rain begins to splash through the awning. Musa leads me to the hotel. When we come back from a crowded bar there, the concert area’s awash. The very, very tall man is still dancing though. Heels skipping in an inch of water, he splashes mud on faces all around.

I find my wallet’s gone. Who’s counting? At Musa’s suggestion, I gave him my cards. The cash was less than I’d have paid to hear Mapfumo in London. Somewhere in Zimbabwe, a young man will curse when he finds that Scottish notes aren’t negotiable ...

November 16: I make Saturday my Sabbath. Write. Don’t stir from the Brontë Hotel. As I try to read in the garden, I am distracted by a very loud conversation about politics at a table ten yards away. If you can’t beat them ... I joined them. Christopher James, black as most Africans, is the son of a Welsh mining engineer who worked here, and it proud to be Welsh. He’s a railway inspector in Zambia, visiting one of his nine children, a quarter-Scottish son, Brian, paler than Chris, who’s a ‘boilermaker’ in Harare. Chris is a jubilant supporter of Chiluba, who triumphed over Kaunda. I spring to the defence of the remarkable decent man. We concur in denouncing Banda. When the rain resumes, we move to a lounge indoors, whence newspaper-reading whites retreat as the loud, free talk continued. Mugabe is denounced. "Look", I say, retaining some caution from my days in Malawi, "aren’t you afraid you’ll get into trouble if you criticise the Head of State so loudly?" "No, not at all", bawls Christopher.

November 17: Micere’s three-bedroomed flat is modest but pleasant. Unlike certain other Kenyan exiles here she hasn’t set out to trade her skills for big bucks so as to acquire a mansion with a swimming pool, vacated by disgusted ‘Rhodesians’. Micere’s delightful daughters are home from their boarding school for the weekend, with a couple of friends. There are ‘Rhodies’ at their school, still obnoxiously racist. But the remaining whites don’t make public displays of disdain: they congregate in private clubs with no explicit colour bar but very high subscriptions ...

Micere’s an unrepentant Marxist: after all so is comrade Mugabe himself, in theory. In practice, Zimbabwe is taking the free market road and Micere is not happy with the progress of the revolution. (Nor, of course, were Mapfumo’s audience the other night.) But speech and publication are genuinely free. One magazine in particular attacks Mugabe fiercely. She can live honestly here, though she’ll feel under pressure to go back to Kenya when Moi begins to topple. We agree he’s on the way out. I tell her the remarkable story of how a ring of civil servants using fax machines to circulate critical articles from abroad round Kenyan government offices were dumbfounded when a fax came from a mole inside the State House itself. She tells the still more extraordinary tale of her recent meeting in Kampala with a former close aide of Moi’s who refused to murder political opponents who happened to be fellow Kikuyus when required to do so, fled the country, and is now conspiring with the opposition in and out of Kenya — with which Micere keeps very closely in touch.

What happened yesterday in Nairobi is flabbergasting. FORD —the Forum for the Restoration of Democracy — had called a rally. Some of its leaders were arrested in advance. Others, knowing that Moi’s men were on the way, lay low until they stood and spoke at the rally. Government forces moved in, with BBC World Service tape recorders present. American Embassy officials were arrested, so were foreign journalists. Moi denounced the event as an American plot. When Africa’s chief centre of buccaneering capitalism, Kenya, is in the bad books of the world’s great capitalist power, something has to change, soon ...

Micere shows me a Ugandan newspaper which, back in September, gave a very detailed account of the plot to kill Robert Ouko. It seems that not long before his murder, the Foreign Minister flew to Britain to plead with Thatcher to use her (undoubted) influence with Moi in his favour ... The truth, I suggest to Micere, is that so long as the Cold war lasted, the US and UK flattered and sustained Moi’s ‘model African democracy’ for the sake of Kenya’s Indian Ocean port, a key to policing the Soviets in the Indian Ocean. The Fall of the Wall was bad news for Moi as well as for Honecker.

November 18-20: My daily diary ceased. I was too busy. Zimbabwe is a hectically exciting place, for all the calm of its boulevards. A week to catch up with the literary scene wasn’t enough: in a month I could have begun to understand the music and the remarkable local school of sculpture.

I spent most of a day at College Press, where I went to meet the young poet Chirikure Chirikure who works as an editor of books in Shona there.

In schools an African language — Shona or Ndebele, depending on the region — is compulsory up to 0 Level. According to statistics for 1990 which Chirikure showed me, more students took Shona at A Level (3,000) than English (2,450) and Ndebele (523) combined. But in the University’s Department of African Languages, the subject is taught in English. Chirikure’s book, published in 1989, was the first-ever collection by an individual Shona poet. It’s been quickly followed by another from Samuel Chimsoro. These young men are innovators, breaking away from traditional uses of the language. Chirikure runs a radio programme which discusses verse in Shona with the young writers present in the studio. There are similar programmes for Ndebele and English.

Chirikure’s work is mostly devised for public performance, with drums, by theatre groups. At Micere’s flat one night I was given a kind of ‘command performance’ by the best-known ‘performance poets’ (Kalamongera in Zomba had told me they’d be hot stuff), Albert Nyathi, Cynthia Mingofa, who sings, and Titus Motseabi, who has appeared in Mayfest, combine as A1CyTi. They switch languages at will. They all grew up in the Ndebele-speaking area, though Cynthia is Shona and Titus is ethnically Sotho. Their most popular poem with students is actually one given in Sotho — a language spoken only by a small minority.

It’s wonderful to be in a place where diversity of language is seen as a source of enjoyment rather than grounds for division or despair. Students recently devised a play, which they toured successfully, in which consecutive scenes were spoken in English, Shona or Ndebele depending on the situation depicted. ‘Guys from the ghettos’ who can’t afford drinks turn up at the National Gallery to hear AlCyTi, who deck themselves richly in traditional colours. Albert’s red and black are associated with the spirits of Shona ancestors. Their audiences dance and sing. Chirikure, as an official guest, once appalled his hosts in North Korea by insisting that he had to perform his verse, live, with drums. Verse, drama, and even the rhythmically-voiced prose fiction of Hove, are part of a continuum stretching through the mbira music of Mapfumo and others back to the ancestors.

Okot, that controversial dead Uganda poet, would have loved all this. Chirikure has dramatised, with Shona music, Okot’s most famous work, Song of Lawino, the lament of a village woman over her husband’s westernised affections. The struggle for African culture had been back-burnered in Uganda and is in abeyance in Kenya where, under the new school syllabus, unbelievably, oral literature is taught in the course on ��English Language’. It seems to be dancing on in Zimbabwe with all the momentum generated by the War of Independence, Chimurenga, to Mapfumo’s mbira beat. I hope so. Ghana was once, in the late fifties, the place where all was happening, all was to happen. Then came The Great Days in Nairobi ... Cross fingers. Touch wood. Ancestors help them.

College Press, like the other admirable local publishers, has been ruined by the recent devaluation of the Zimbabwean dollar. Paper, which has to be imported, costs even more. Local readers can’t afford local books. Chirikure and his English-language colleague, a native white called Margo Bedingfield who’s happily in tune with African aspirations (not ‘Ithodie’) spell out the awful news: they just can’t publish anything for two years, least of all poetry. Then — Oh magical Zimbabwe! — they tell me what they’ll publish next year, including an anthology of Southern African poetry in which young Nyathi will appear. Why do they work on so hopefully? Johannesburg comes into it. Mugabe has allowed open relations with reforming South Africa. A bigger market. New vistas. Maybe cheaper paper ...

Passing back through Nairobi on 21 November, I call on Chakava at his yet-to-be-renamed Heinemann Kenya. He’s busy in conclave with his colleagues, I wait for hours to see him. He’s much more cheerful. They’ve worked out how they’ll manage short of multinational ties. He has to rush now ... "just one thing, Henry, I’ve thought of a name for your firm African Revival." He smiles, perhaps to humour me. We’ll see.

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brian-meshkin · 3 years ago

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Social Enterprise Types.

Social entrepreneurship examples, which are often neglected, have both a social aim and a business goal. In Sierra Leone, for example, a firm offers solar energy solutions to the country's impoverished areas. In turn, a neighborhood coffee shop may assist underprivileged kids with employment and education. Overtourism is wreaking havoc on the environment while also marginalizing the local people. Casey Ames noticed a need for high-quality items for special-needs children in Malawi and established a company to meet that need. The charity also provides education and professional development to rural women.

Social entrepreneurs in poor nations look for methods to engage with clients that go beyond economic advantages. Brian Meshkin revealed that they construct a sustainable company that has a good influence on society by emotionally engaging with consumers. Apple is one such company that aspires to eradicate AIDS by 2020. The firm contributes 100% of the proceeds from their Red iPhones to AIDS-fighting groups. Other examples are the Millennium Challenge Corporation of the United Nations and the World Wildlife Fund.

Florence Nightingale, who developed the first nursing school and subsequently established contemporary nursing procedures, is an example of a social entrepreneur. The Land Gift Movement was launched in India by Robert Owen and Vinoba Bhave. These social entrepreneurs, among others, have formed cooperative movements and made a difference in their communities. The examples below are only a handful of the many instances of social entrepreneurs. Just remember to follow your heart and be a part of the solution for an underserved group.

Some of the finest examples of social entrepreneurs have a larger goal than profit. A social entrepreneur may endeavor to better the economic situations of individuals living in poverty, but if he or she fails to do so, the bottom line of the firm suffers. According to Brian Meshkin a successful social entrepreneur must have a clear vision of the final product and how it will benefit the society. The goal of a nonprofit organization is to benefit others while making a profit.

While instances of social entrepreneurship often include for-profit businesses that attempt to make a profit while fulfilling a social objective, these entrepreneurs may not be ordinary company owners. Some are socially conscious and convert revenues for charitable purposes, but others concentrate on a more successful business strategy. If the aim of a firm is to effect social change, a social entrepreneur will have a business with a business-related purpose, as long as the business achieves that goal.

A social business may be built around a good concept with a social objective. As a social entrepreneur, you may establish a social venture to address a pressing issue. A social enterprise's primary goal is to assist people in need. It may also give chances for firms who are unable to assist. A social entrepreneur may choose from a range of business models, but you must select which one best meets your goals.

In many situations, social entrepreneurs use their business strategy to address a societal issue. They must comprehend the societal issue and organize resources to address it. Social companies have a long-term objective, even if they do not affect societal change. Their primary goal is to assist people rather than to make a profit. So, whereas the purpose of a company is to make profit, the goal of a social entrepreneur is to improve society by upcycling unused food.

A social entrepreneur uses their company to improve the lives of others. While they may not be tackling a social problem, social entrepreneurs are building enterprises that benefit their communities. Brian Meshkin pointed out that you may learn from their successes and be encouraged to start your own firm by adopting social entrepreneurship as a business model. You don't have to be the next Steve Jobs to do good; instead, think of a cause that will help others. Here are a few examples of social entrepreneurship to get you started.

The objective of a social entrepreneur is to make a difference in the world. A successful social entrepreneur leverages their organization's resources and money to achieve good in the world. A social entrepreneur, in other terms, is someone who is on a mission to make the world a better place. A social entrepreneur isn't aiming to earn money, but rather to do good. They may fix three issues at once by establishing a charity.

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utbt-blog · 8 years ago

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Water is life. Plants, creatures and people all rely on upon this priceless natural asset forever. Other than this, water is utilized as a part of moving waste, cleaning and sanitation, manufacturing, development and cultivating. Practically every human action you consider includes some utilization of water. The impacts of water shortage can be assembled into these 4 wide areas—hunger, poverty, Health and Education. The charitable trust like UTBT has already taken a step forward to help the needy and poor. Help to poor children in Malawi is an inevitable measure to be taken for a better future tomorrow. It can only be possible when every person in world could donate a smaller amount.

#Donations for UTBT Schools #help to poor Children in Malawi #charitable trust for Malawi children #donate to poor child in malawi #charitable trust

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viinthenight · 3 years ago

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Both my mother and father were HIV positive. My father is dead, my mother isn't.

They were extremely lucky. My father was a straight man, working in Malawi, who got HIV from a dirty needle when he got malaria and needed hospital treatment. By the time they knew that he had HIV, he had already passed it on to my mother. This was in the early 90s.

My parents spent their lives for the next 10 years campaigning in the UK, Europe, and Africa to get research and treatment approved and funded. They had HUNDREDS of friends die in that time, mostly queer, black, or poor people. At the time, not only was HIV a death sentence, but you weren't allowed to travel to a lot of places if you were HIV+. You had to lie about your status, and risk imprisonment, to be able to go to research conferences and beg them to make medications for you.

You still can't travel to the US if you're HIV+. My parents were cut off from the family who live there because they have been so public with their status that they are now unable to lie about their health without getting caught.

To be clear - this is because of myths surrounding the transmission of HIV that are still believed in many communities - while you cannot transmit the disease by touch or proximity, people still believe you can and shun people for it.

When I was born, the expectation was still that any child born to a mother with HIV would likely have it themselves. There had been a couple of successful births without transmission, but no one was sure that it could be reliably replicated. My mother had to travel to London to give birth to me, at the only HIV specialist clinic in the country, so that they could C section in a very specific way. I was tested regularly until I was 2, just to make sure that there wasn't any dormant virus hiding out.

A few months after my birth, they were back to campaigning. There are photos of my mother and me that were used to convince the European Parliament to allow testing HIV medications for use in children (at the time, adult doses had been tested and approved, but no one knew the right dose for children. Many children died because the toxicity of the drug killed them at the same time as killing the HIV).

And that was for PRIVILEGED people. People who were white (or white passing), straight, and had the means to travel to campaign. My parents were extremely lucky, and the fact that they had to fight that hard should tell you how much harder it was for people who didn't have those privileges to start with.

My aunts and godparents were queer, black, and ex sex workers. Those were the only people who were willing to come near to my parents because they were open about their status. Our community, the community myself and all the other queer people alive today, was built on the backs of those queer, black, sex workers, and poor people. We do ourselves a disservice by forgetting the lessons learned by their work.

When something happens that affects people mostly in one of those demographics, the governments and big businesses WILL NOT help you. You will have to fight and die to get action to happen. It doesn't matter how palatable you make yourself - people will still abandon you if they think you are 'unclean'.

Don't mistake acceptance now for acceptance forever. It can very easily be lost.

My girlfriend and I talk a lot about our different generations of queerness, because she was doing queer activism in the 1990s and I wasn’t.

And she’s supportive of my writing about queerness but also kind of bitter about how quickly her entire generation’s history has disappeared into a bland “AIDS was bad, gay marriage solved homophobia” narrative, and now we’re having to play catch-up to educate young LGBTQ+ people about queer history and queer theory. It gets pretty raw sometimes.

I mean, a large part of the reason TERFs have been good at educating the young and queer people haven’t is, in the 80s and 90s the leading lights of TERFdom got tenured university positions, and the leading lights of queerdom died of AIDS.

“Excuse us,” she said bitterly the other day, not at me but to me, “for not laying the groundwork for children we never thought we’d have in a future none of us thought we’d be alive for.”

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secoluch · 2 years ago

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This is my research for my water sanitation and scarcity project

Research: MENA (Middle East and North Africa) Water Sanitation

* Note the first half is the raw research- I have it condensed down below if you’d like to read what I am actually planning on using for the project. It starts with the title “What is the Problem”

Key: Red- Stats that I may want to include

Green- Methods I may want to include

Yellow- Impact

This color- The Why

Charities

Development Media International

Uses the radio and short form advertisements to inform the public about water sanitation and the importance of it.

Currently the most cost effective way to conquer and inform people about drinking water, and saving the most lives possible.

Evidence Action- Charity I would like to focus on

Over 2 billion people lack access to water that is safe to drink. The problem is particularly acute in poor rural areas, where a lack of infrastructure leaves people to rely on open springs and shallow wells that are easily contaminated by human and animal waste.

Unsafe water is responsible for more than 1.2 million deaths each year. It’s a leading risk factor for infectious diseases, exacerbates malnutrition, and is the most common cause of diarrhea. Diarrhea is, in turn, the world’s second-leading cause of child mortality, claiming the lives of an estimated 525,000 children under five every year.

It doesn’t have to be this way.

Evidence Action focuses on providing Chlorination through dispensers and individually packaged Chlorine

Chlorine is effective at killing pathogens and provides protection for up to three days, ensuring water isn’t recontaminated when stored at home. For $1.50 per person per year, this gives people a reliable access to safe water.

Proof of it working:

“Our network of over 39,000 chlorine dispensers provides over 6.8 million people, including over 900,000 children under five, with access to safe water. Across rural Kenya, Uganda, and Malawi, we consistently provide water treatment in areas that aren’t reached by municipal systems – and at no cost to users or their communities. We leverage human-centric design, behavioral economics, community partnerships (including over 75,000 volunteers!) and an efficient last-mile network to achieve an average adoption rate of over 60%. We estimate that between 2015-2021, the program averted over 2.8 million cases of diarrhea among children under five.”

Oxfam:

Cholera is an illness that affected 100s of thousands and killed several thousand.

Method: In locations where women and children draw water directly from the river they created simple dispensers that release measured doses of chlorine solution.

Method: “Healthy wells” , climate change has caused the rivers in this area to overflow and go into the drinking water. This has resulted in the need to develop methods to prevent that from happening.

Tackling water shortages

The Life You Can Save:

Charity Website

2.2 billion people still don’t have access to a safely managed water source — and there are 2 billion people with no basic sanitation facilities such as toilets or latrines.

over 829,000 people die from diarrhea caused by unsafe drinking water, sanitation, and hand hygiene. Over a third of those deaths are children under five.

Some good news: In the past 25 years, the global community has made great strides to bring clean water to 2.6 billion people and sanitation facilities to another 2.1 billion. When you donate to effective water charities, you’re helping make universal clean water a reality.

Research: World Health Organization

Over 2 billion people live in water-stressed countries, which is expected to be exacerbated in some regions as a result of climate change and population growth.

Globally, at least 2 billion people use a drinking water source contaminated with feces. Microbial contamination of drinking-water as a result of contamination with feces poses the greatest risk to drinking-water safety.

While the most important chemical risks in drinking water arise from arsenic, fluoride or nitrate, emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and microplastics generate public concern.

Safe and sufficient water facilitates the practice of hygiene, which is a key measure to prevent not only diarrhoeal diseases, but acute respiratory infections and numerous neglected tropical diseases.

Microbiologically contaminated drinking water can transmit diseases such as diarrhea, cholera, dysentery, typhoid and polio and is estimated to cause 485 000 diarrhoeal deaths each year.

In 2020, 74% of the global population (5.8 billion people) used a safely managed drinking-water service – that is, one located on premises, available when needed, and free from contamination.

PRB Org

The Middle East and North Africa are the most water scarce regions in the world. 12/15 water stressed areas lie within this area.

¾ of the areas water lay within Iraq, Syria, and Turkey. Bahrain, Jordan Kuwait, Libya, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen are below 250 cubic meters per person.

The problem only gets worse with a growing population, as the population is expected to double within the next 50 years. This is also that ⅓ of the population is below the age of 15, and many young women are reaching a reproductive age. High population growth causes additional pressures. Agricultural, industrial, and domestic

(water stressed when lies between 1000 cubic meters and 1700 cubic meters per person per year, water scarce less than 1000 cubic meters of renewable fresh water per person)

3% of the world's water is salt-free, with 70% locked away in icebergs

Methods:

Qanants and Rainwater Harvesting- chain wells

Sequential Water use- Water used in the household, then in industry, then in agriculture. “Brown water” is treated from cities and used in fields to be used in crops.

Desalination- Extracting salt from seawater, extremely expensive and uses lots of heat, and negative environmental effects. Also other harmful things may be in the water

Policies and Programs

Water relocation- away from agriculture and towards domestic and industrial. Threaten food security and livelihood of farmers

Less Water- Intensive Crops (away from cereal crops).

Efficient Technologies- drip irrigation cuts water use by 30-70 percent and increases yield by 20-90 percent. This delivers water directly to the plant's roots.

Public Education- Increase local acceptance of new water methods.

Conservation- Voluntary conservation, integrate this message in schools

Economic Considerations- 3-5% of their income for access to clean water. Increase pricing.

Concernusa.org

884 million people lack access to safe drinking water according to WHO

Countries with the largest impact: Lebanon -drought in the ME, Economic crisis, poorly managed water systems” Pakistan

Diarrhea kills 2,195 children every day—more than AIDS, malaria, and measles combined—and can be caused by lack of access to clean water and sanitation services

United Nations 2023 Water Conference:

Importance:

“Without increasing health facilities' access to water, sanitation and hygiene, it is not possible to reduce the use of antibiotics to treat avoidable infections.”

“Alarming increase in cholera cases, with over 1500 lives lost since the outbreaks” The water sanitation problems came due to a tropical cyclone named Freddy, which caused floods and led to the loss of over 1000 lives. The population is now vulnerable as they are limited to clean water and sanitation. ``6 million Malawians did not have access to clean water before the cyclone, this number has significantly increased since then. THis means more people are going to be at a greater risk of suffering waterborne diseases”

Lost of mention and emphasis on the troubles of water sanitation for displaced people

Method:

Promotion and raising the importance for “WASH Systems of Health” to reinforce water sanitation and hygiene institutions.

CDC.gov

Uganda is where WASH, a United Nations healthcare program is located. The focus of this is to limit infections. This is done through both sanitizing the water and teaching health care professionals about the infections.

This site also goes into the fact that water diseases and sanitation is under researched in this area in the past decade, and how during Covid the need for this program was highlighted.

Healing Waters International

850,000 people die due to water sanitation problems

The WHO has given an estimated 2.6 billion people access to improved drinking water since 1990, so this is a problem currently being worked on and has solutions that are feasible.

Goals:

Safe and affordable drinking water

End open defecation and provide access to sanitation and hygiene reuse

Improve water quality, wastewater treatment, and safe reuse

Increase water-use efficiency and ensure freshwater supplies

Implement integrated water resources management

Protect and restore water-related ecosystems

Expand water and sanitation support to developing countries

Support local engagement in water and sanitation management

Good cite that goes more in depth about the technology and methods they use for sanitation: specific chemicals, clean bottles, sustainability, etc.

What is the Problem?

Who and what does it impact?

My focus for the project will be the MENA region: also known as the Middle east and North Africa. This is one of the most water scarce regions in the world.

I am also focusing on the fact that it is the world's second leading cause of child mortality, estimating 525,000 children under five every year.

I also want to reference the fact through my artwork that women and children are those who gather the water and it becomes their lives when they have trouble accessing water.

Who are you targeting with your campaign?

I am targeting those who know very little and may be inclined to donate and know very little about the area or situation

What can your audience do to help?

They can donate to one of the charities I will list and allow them to contact through a QR code.

Mission statement

Clean Water. Healthy Living.

No water no life

Polluted Water is Poison

Life without water is impossible. Save a life.

$1.50 can allow a person for a year access to safe water

Who and what does it impact?

My focus for the project will be the MENA region: also known as the Middle east and North Africa. This is one of the most water scarce regions in the world.

I am also focusing on the fact that it is the world's second leading cause of child mortality, estimating 525,000 children under five every year.

I also want to reference the fact through my artwork that women and children are those who gather the water and it becomes their lives when they have trouble accessing water.

Who are you targeting with your campaign?

I am targeting those who know very little and may be inclined to donate and know very little about the area or situation

What can your audience do to help?

They can donate to one of the charities I will list and allow them to contact through a QR code.

Mission statement

Clean Water. Healthy Living.

No water no life

Polluted Water is Poison

Life without water is impossible. Save a life.

$1.50 can allow a person for a year access to safe water

Works Cited:

“10 Countries with Water Stress and Scarcity - and How We're Helping.” Concern Worldwide, 15 Apr. 2022, https://www.concernusa.org/story/countries-with-water-stress-and-scarcity/.

“Dispensers for Safe Water.” Evidence Action, 19 Apr. 2023, https://www.evidenceaction.org/dispensersforsafewater/.

“Drinking-Water.” World Health Organization, World Health Organization, https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/drinking-water.

“Finding the Balance: Population and Water Scarcity in the Middle East and North Africa.” PRB, PRB Org, https://www.prb.org/resources/finding-the-balance-population-and-water-scarcity-in-the-middle-east-and-north-africa/.

“Oxfam’s Work with Water.” Oxfam, Oxfam, https://s3.amazonaws.com/oxfam-us/www/static/media/files/oxfams-work-with-water.pdf.

“Water Charities.” The Life You Can Save, 1 Dec. 2019, https://www.thelifeyoucansave.org/causes-to-support/water-charities/.

“Water Treatment Solutions.” Healing Waters, 20 Dec. 2022, https://healingwaters.org/solutions/.

“Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) in Healthcare Facilities.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 13 Dec. 2022, https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/global/healthcare-facilities/overview.html.

“Water, Sanitation, Hygiene 'a Human Right', Crucial for Health, Prosperity Worldwide, Speakers Stress at Conference's First Interactive Dialogue | UN Press.” United Nations, United Nations, https://press.un.org/en/2023/envdev2052.doc.htm.

“What We Do: Development Media International.” DMI, https://www.developmentmedia.net/what-we-do/.

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nataliehemstockprojectfour · 6 years ago

Text

Research

Who is the photographer?

The photographer of this piece of work is called Jim Goldberg.

How did they achieve the photograph? What camera techniques did they use?

The photographer achieved this photograph by presenting the small space that the mother and the child have to live in by placing the pair in; what look like a cramped, corner that doesn’t have enough room for a lot of other stuff as they are poor. Alongside that, in this photograph the techniques that were being used were: The Rule Of Thirds I think that this technique suits this photograph quite well, as it presents the women and her child on one side and then for the rest of the framing is the tight space that the pair have to live in.

What is being documented?

In this photograph, what is being demonstrated is an ordinary looking women and child; who are living a terrible life because of a certain circumstance, in what looks like a small house because it is all they can afford.

What is the context of the image? (Year, country, political/economic climate).

For the context of this photograph, it states that this photograph was taken in 1983. During, that time; in 1983, there were quite a lot of things that were happening, such as: The Harrods Bombing, Word is launched, the Space Shuttle Challenger is launched on its Maiden Flight, drivers and front seat passengers are forced to wear seatbelts by law, Karma Chameleon became Culture Club’s second UK number one and became the biggest selling single, Return Of The Jedi was the top grossing film and the Korean airliner was shot down by a Russian jet killing 269 people alongside that; the Russian government didn’t notice what happened for 5 whole days.

What is being communicated and how is it communicated?

In this photograph it communicates a mother and her daughter; in what looks like their living room, trying to make the best out of what they have got. This is evoked by presenting the women and her child in their smallish living room; that may double as many other rooms if they don’t have enough space for anything else as they can’t afford it, that is filled with things that they may need in their day to day lives.

How does it make you feel? Is this intentional? Or does it make the image work better?

This image makes me feel sorry for the mother and the child because they don’t really have much and from the writing it states that their lives are terrible even though they look like ordinary people. I think that this was intentional because it may allow the viewers of this photograph to try and help people who are in the sort of situation; like this mother and her child, to make their lives better. Alongside that, I also think that it makes this photograph look better.

Who is the photographer?

The photographer that took this photograph is called Fan Ho.

How did they achieve the photograph? What camera techniques did they use?

Fan Ho achieved this photograph by using a black and white film camera. The camera techniques that Fan Ho used in this photograph is leading lines; with the light as it leads you down to the group of people that are sort of in the middle of the photograph.

What is being documented?

In this photograph, there is a group of four people walking towards/away from something.

What is the context of the image? (year, country, political/economic climate).

In this photograph it was taken between 1950 and 1960 in China. During that time China bans polygamy and arranged marriages and also attempts to raise women’s status’ and Chinese forces suppress large-scale revolt in Tibet.

What is being communicated and how is it communicated?

In this photograph it is communicating a sense of family between these people and how they look in this photograph presents that they also look after each other. This is presented by how they are all walking and how one of the people in the photograph is carrying a small child.

How does it make you feel? Is this intentional? Or does it make the image work better?

This photograph makes me feel a little confused as I would like to know where these people are actually going and why are they going to the place that they are going to. Alongside that, this photograph sort of makes y happy as I kind of get the feeling that this group of people have been through a lot and they have managed to stick together through all of it and now they are moving on to better things. I think that this was intentional to get you thinking about the photograph and how it is put together.

Who is the photographer?

The photographer is called Gabriele Galimberti.

How did they achieve the photograph? What camera techniques did they use?

For this photograph Galimberti achieved it by travelling to Malawi; amongst other places such as India, and asking the children if was alright with them if he took their most prized possessions.

What is being documented?

In this photograph there is a small child and their prized possessions within a room that this child may live in.

What is the context of the image? (Year, country, political/economic climate).

The context of this image is that it took over two years to complete and it was originally published in 2014. In 2014 there were a number of different things happening such as: The Ebola Epidemic, ISIS rise began, Robin Williams died, a robot lands on a comet for the first time, Justin Bieber was arrested, Emma Watson did her speech about gender equality and feminism and many other different things.

What is being communicated and how is it communicated?

I think what is being communicated here is this child finds enjoyment with her three different toys even though the child hasn’t got much to live off. Alongside that, I think that this is being communicated through the three toys in front of the child and then what looks like a makeshift bed.

How does it make you feel? Is this intentional? Or does it make the image work better?

This makes me feel sorry for the child because she doesn’t really have much at all; from what I can tell, I think that this is intentional because it might allow those who have the money and those who care enough to try and make this child’s and all of the other children who live in either a similar condition or a worse condition.

Who is the photographer?

The photographer is called Sonja Hamad.

How did they achieve the photograph? What camera techniques did they use?

Hamad achieved this photograph by going to the place where it was taken and then taking the photograph. The camera techniques that were used was the rule of three.

What is being documented?

What is being documented is a rehabilitation hospital for the youths after an explosive attack by ISIS.

What is the context of the image? (year, country, political/economic climate).

The context to this image is: 10,000 women; who live in Syria, have decided to make their own political party so they can try and fight ISIS because they disagree with what ISIS is doing and how they want to change things; if they successes. Alongside that, Hamad has spent two years photographing these people and the original publish date was about 2017. With that, in 2017 there was a lot going on such as, Brexit, The Homelessness Crisis, Terrorist Attacks, The Grenfell Tower, The Total Solar Eclipse and many other things.

What is being communicated and how is it communicated?

I think that what is being communicated here is that the world needs to change so that things like this and everything else that happened in the past and is happening now won’t happen again in the future, as there are things that are out there to help the youth change their mind set on the world are being destroyed. This is being communicated by the photographer taking this photograph; as well as all of the other photographs she has taken within this series, allows people; who aren’t living in places like this, the devastation that is caused due to groups like ISIS and that they get the idea of the living conditions for the people who live there, so they may be willing to help so that the people living in these places can have a better life.

How does it make you feel? Is this intentional? Or does it make the image work better?

This makes me feel sorry for the people who live in places like this, as they have to live in constant fear on what is going to happen next. I think that this is intentional as it might get the right people to come and help the people that are protecting their people, to protect their people from things; like that, happening again.

Who is the photographer?

The photographer for this piece of work is called: James Mollison.

How did they achieve the photograph? What camera techniques did they use?

Mollison achieved this photograph by taking a photograph of where this child sleeps and then taking a photograph of the child it belongs to. Mollison used camera techniques that are similar to the photographs that you get at schools; with the white background and the child sitting slightly to the side. As, for the other photograph; that is within this piece, there is a camera technique of a curves and lines leading you to what looks like a door.

What is being documented?

In this photograph there is the child and then next to it is the bed that the child sleeps in, that is placed inside a mud hut.

What is the context of the image? (year, country, political/economic climate).

When this series was completed in 2010 there was a number of things that was happening, such as: the earthquake in Haiti, The Swine Flu Pandemic, Alice In Wonderland (the film starring Johnny Depp as The Mad Hatter) is released, Matt Smith became The 11th Doctor, Shrek Forever After Premiers, One Direction is formed and The Copiapó Mine Rescue.

What is being communicated and how is it communicated?

I think that is being communicated is that there is people out there in the world who necessarily, don’t have what other people have, because they live in places like what is demonstrated within the photograph as it is all the equipment that they have access to and sometimes places like this can’t be that safe. Alongside that, I think that is communicated through the expression of the child in the photograph and through the photograph; where you can see where the child sleeps, as you can see that the child seems a little uncomfortable in the photograph and the other photographs doesn’t have any security.

How does it make you feel? Is this intentional? Or does it make the image work better?

This photograph makes me feel sorry for the child as they have to go through quite a lot of dangerous situations on a daily basis and I think that sleeping may have to be one of them because there may be something that could hurt them in the middle of the night if the child has no door to block anything from the outside world coming in.

Who is the photographer?

The photographer for this piece of work is Jim Goldberg.

How did they achieve the photograph? What camera techniques did they use?

Goldberg achieved this photograph by travelling around California looking for kids who hang around on the streets as they suffer from different; but similar, things such as: violence, abuse and addiction.

What is being documented?

In this photograph what is being documented is a kid with a gunshot wound in their stomach, which their father caused when he was about 12.

What is the context of the image? (Year, country, political/economic climate).

This photograph was taken in 1989 and in that year plenty of things happened such as: Earth was close to being hit by two asteroids, The Fall Of The Berlin Wall, an 4,400 year old mummy was discovered by archaeologists, Galileo went into space, unions for same-sex couples became legal in Denmark, Daniel Radcliffe was born, Madonna released ‘Like A Prayer’, The Nobel Peace Prize was won by The Dalai Lama, WWW. was created, The Little Mermaid was released, ‘If I Could Turn Back Time’ was released by Cher and many other things were also happened during this time.

What is being communicated and how is it communicated?

I think what is being communicated is the fact that there are still parents who don’t care about their children; so it causes them to either run away or using different types of substances (or even both) to help them deal with the fact that their parents don’t care or just to try and get their attention. This is being communicated through the photograph and the words that have been written as it gives the viewer a little bit of context into how they got the wound and why they are not living with their parents.

How does it make you feel? Is this intentional? Or does it make the image work better?

This makes me feel sorry for this person, as they probably didn’t have any money to pay for the medical care that they needed to get. I think it makes the image work better because I think it was intentional on the photographer’s part to express the fact that children do get abused by their parents or guardians. I think Goldberg tries to get this point across so that people can actually attempt to end child abuse and make sure that all of the children that have been abused or children that are still being abused are safe and well away from the abuser.

Who is the photographer?

The photographer is Fan Ho.

How did they achieve the photograph? What camera techniques did they use?

Fan Ho achieved this photograph by using a black and white film camera. He also achieved this photograph by waiting for the little girl with the broom to come into the light square, alongside that; he also used the broom as a something to as a leading line, leading you up to the rest of the photograph. With that, the light shining down also acts like a leading line as it leads you back to the little girl.

What is being documented?

In this photograph a little girl seems to be sweeping up rubbish from the road, while people are just wandering about leaving her to it.

What is the context of the image? (Year, country, political/economic climate).

This photograph was taken in the 1950’s and during those times there was a lot going on, such as: The Korean War Starts, The Polio Vaccine, Rosenberg is Executed, Rosa Parks doesn’t give up her seat and is arrested, Elizabeth Windsor becomes Queen Elizabeth II, Joseph Stalin dies, The Tolland Man is discovered, all of this happens amongst other things.

What is being communicated and how is it communicated?

I think that what is being communicated here is that some business’ uses children to help out if they are low on staff or she is trying to help the general public by cleaning the streets, as the streets may be covered in litter and she’s just trying to help out. This is being communicated through the fact that the girl is cleaning up while everyone around her is just walking around her and watching her.

How does it make you feel? Is this intentional? Or does it make the image work better?

This makes me feel sorry for the girl as she should be out playing and not clearing up; but if she is helping out her parents then I understand her family would come first. I think this maybe intentional as she is just cleaning, while the older children are just watching her clean.

Who is the photographer?

The photographer for this piece of work is: Gabriele Galimberti.

How did they achieve the photograph? What camera techniques did they use?

The photographer achieved this photograph by going into a karaoke bar and then taking a photograph of this family; who have eaten and now are singing along to some songs in their native language. The techniques that the photographer used was threes; as there are three people in room (from what we can see), and the photographer has also used different uses of height; as the father is stood up, the one children is on a chair, while the other child is stood up (but she is the smallest out of the three as she is closer to the floor).

What is being documented?

In this photograph it is being documented that a father has taken his two children out for a bit of food and then for them to sing karaoke.

What is the context of the image? (Year, country, political/economic climate).

This photograph was published in 2016, during that year plenty of things happened such as: Alan Rickman died, The WHO announced that the Zika virus was spreading across America, Prince died, Muhammad Ali died, The UK decided to leave the EU, The Summer Olympics opened in Rio and Carrie Fisher died.

What is being communicated and how is it communicated?

I think that what is being communicated is that these two kids and their father are quite close and they are having fun. This is being communicated through the facial expressions of the family; even though you can’t really see most of their faces, and how they are stood within the photograph.

How does it make you feel? Is this intentional? Or does it make the image work better?

This photograph makes me feel happy for the family because you can see that they are having fun with just the three of them singing their hearts out. I think that this was intentional because it makes you realise that there are happy families out there that do things like this and I also think that it makes the photograph better because of it.

Who is the photographer?

The photographer for this piece of work is: Sonja Hamad.

How did they achieve the photograph? What camera techniques did they use?

The photographer achieved this photograph by finding this women and asking her to be in the photograph. The camera techniques that Hamad; the photographer, used was colour, as she basically had a white background and the women wear the white dress; that almost blends in with the wall behind her, and then her hair, skin colour and the ribbon around her waist makes the photograph stand out more. Alongside that, as the background and the white dress you are really drawn into the women’s face and you begin to question on why she looks so sad and list all of the possible reasons that could have caused her to be sad.

What is being documented?

In this photograph a women wearing a white dress and a red ribbon looking miserable, while standing in front of a white background.

What is the context of the image? (Year, country, political/economic climate).

This was originally published in: 2013, during that year a lot of things cracked off such as: The Boston Marathon Bombing, The Cleveland Kidnapping, certain supermarkets where under fire as some of their meats were actually horsemeat, King Richards III skeleton is discovered under a car park in Leicester, Oscar Pistourius is charged with murder after he shoots his girlfriend and Margret Thatcher dies.

What is being communicated and how is it communicated?

I think that what is being communicated is the fact that the women was supposed to be getting married on the day the photograph was taken, but then they left her at the altar. This is communicated through the white dress; which most women wear on their wedding day, and through her facial expression; as she looks deeply upset about something and that something could be the loss of who she was going to marry. Alongside that, the ribbon could represent the love that she thought that the pair shared; and her love that she still has for this person as red can have the meaning of love behind it; take Valentine’s Day for example: pretty much everything is red. However, the red ribbon could also represent the women’s bleeding heart as she has had her heart broken and know she feels as if it is bleeding. This because red can connate blood and when something in your body has been cut the blood bleeds, so that is why the ribbon is tied loosely around her waist to represent the cascade of blood bleeding from her broken heart.

How does it make you feel? Is this intentional? Or does it make the image work better?

I feel sorry for this woman as she looks so sad and there’s nothing anyone can really do for her; as they don’t know what is exactly wrong with her. I think that this was intentional as it was supposed to make you realise that people do get left at the altar for many different reasons. I also think that this made the photograph better as it got you to feel sympathy for someone who you didn’t even know.

Who is the photographer?

The photographer is James Mollison.

How did they achieve the photograph? What camera techniques did they use?

The photographer achieved this photograph on a black and white film camera. The camera techniques that the photographer used were the two main subjects looking off camera.

What is being documented?

In this photograph it is a photograph of Pablo Escobar and what looks like his wife; Maria Victoria Henao, looking off into the distance.

What is the context of the image? (Year, country, political/economic climate).

This piece of work was originally published in 2007 and in 2007 there was a lot of things going off, such as: Steve Jobs announces the launce of Apple, J.K. Rowling completes Harry Potter And The Deathly Hallows, Tumblr is founded, Emma Watson decides to the last three Potter films after she had some hesitation, Spider-Man 3 premiers, Madeline McCann disappears and Shrek The Third premieres.

What is being communicated and how is it communicated?

I think what is being communicated here is that these two people have just heard something confusing and absurd, so they have either a judgemental look or a confused look on their faces. This is communicated through the way the facial expressions on their faces as they seem to disapprove of something that somebody has either just said or done.

How does it make you feel? Is this intentional? Or does it make the image work better?

This photograph makes me feel a little bit curious to why the two people have the looks on their faces. Alongside that, I also think that it was intentional by the photographer to capture this moment as it allows people; who aren’t in the same field as the people in the photograph are, to see that even people like them feel things similar to what we feel, even though they are members of the mob and do different things to what non-mob members will do.

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adalidda · 4 years ago

Photo

Illustration Photo: Woman and kids during post harvest activities. India, 2014. (credits: CSISA / Wasim Iftikar / International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center / Flickr Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0))

Prince Talal International Prize 2021 for SDG 2 Successful Development Projects

For Algeria, Ethiopia, Angola, Niger, Benin, The Gambia, Nigeria, Ghana, Rwanda, Burkina Faso, Guinea, São Tomé and Príncipe, Burundi, Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, Cabo Verde, Sierra Leone, Cameroon, Somalia, Central African Republic, Kenya, Chad, South Sudan, Comoros, Lesotho, Tanzania, Congo, Liberia, Togo, Côte d'Ivoire, Madagascar, Tunisia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Uganda, Djibouti, Mali, West Bank, Egypt, Mauritania, Yemen, Zambia, Eritrea, Morocco, Zimbabwe, eSwatini, Mozambique, Afghanistan, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Timor-Leste, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Vietnam, Kiribati, Papua New Guinea, Lao PDR, The Philippines, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Haiti, Honduras

Prince Talal International Prize has become a leading mechanism to identify successful development projects, reward them and disseminate their innovative ideas to best contribute to the improvement of development work. It is also an innovative approach and a strategic instrument to exchange successful experiences to strengthen the mechanisms of development cooperation and project funding with special emphasis on the most prominent factors that militate against development and affect the vulnerable groups, particularly women and children in developing countries. These include poverty, social exclusion, socio-economic marginalization, education and health.

Prize objectives

Prince Talal International Prize for Human Development aims to:

Support the distinguished efforts aiming at the promotion and enhancement of human development concepts. Disseminate the successful project experiences. Highlight the best practices, which aim to improve the living conditions of the poor and disadvantaged with particular emphasis on women and children. Enhance the exchange of experiences and develop better mechanisms to find solutions to the problems of poverty, marginalization and socioeconomic exclusion of vulnerable groups.

Thematic Focus: SDG 2: Zero Hunger, Ensure food security, Improve nutrition and promote Sustainable agriculture https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/hunger/

Targets of the second goal of Sustainable Development Goals 2030

By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round. By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving, by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5 years of age, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and older persons. By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, in particular women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, including through secure and equal access to land, other productive resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities for value addition and non-farm employment. By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality. By 2020, maintain the genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants and farmed and domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through soundly managed and diversified seed and plant banks at the national, regional and international levels, and promote access to and fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge, as internationally agreed. Increase investment, including through enhanced international cooperation, in rural infrastructure, agricultural research and extension services, technology development and plant and livestock gene banks in order to enhance agricultural productive capacity in developing countries, in particular least developed countries. Correct and prevent trade restrictions and distortions in world agricultural markets, including through the parallel elimination of all forms of agricultural export subsidies and all export measures with equivalent effect, in accordance with the mandate of the Doha Development Round. Adopt measures to ensure the proper functioning of food commodity markets and their derivatives and facilitate timely access to market information, including on food reserves, in order to help limit extreme food price volatility.

Prince Talal International Prize for Human Development carries cash amount of US$ 1,000,000, certificates of recognition and trophies. The prize amount is allocated for the winners of the Prize in its four categories as follows;

1.First category prize (US$ 400,000) Specified for projects implemented by UN agencies or international and regional NGOs.

2.Second category prize (US$ 300,000) Specified for projects implemented by national NGOs.

3.Third category prize (US$ 200,000) Specified for projects implemented by governmental bodies (ministries and public institutions) or social business enterprises.

4.Fourth category prize (US$ 100,000) Specified for projects initiated, funded and/or implemented by individuals.

Application Deadline: 15 January 2022

Check more https://adalidda.com/posts/sPGgxCSqBZkEYz7er/prince-talal-international-prize-2021-for-sdg-2-successful

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sherlysylvia1897 · 4 years ago

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What Can You Expect By Using Tinnifix?

What is the importance of intestinal flora?

Learn about the importance of intestinal flora for the general health of our body and what are the consequences of having a poor-quality intestinal flora.

A new study published in the journal Nutrition in Clinical Practice shows that microorganisms in the human gastrointestinal tract form an intricate living structure of natural controls that affect body weight, energy and nutrition. The findings could offer new insights on how to treat nutrition-related illnesses, including obesity and a host of serious health consequences linked to malnutrition, the scientists said.

Why the intestinal flora is important for health?

“The microbes in the human intestine belong to three large domains, defined by their molecular phylogeny: Eukarya, Bacteria, and Acaya. Of these, bacteria reign with two dominant divisions, known as Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes - which make up more than 90 percent of the gut's microbial population. Within the categories of bacteria there is enormous diversity.

Each individual's gut microbe community is uniquely and deeply sensitive to environmental conditions from birth. Indeed, the mode of delivery during the birthing process has been shown to affect a baby's microbial profile. Vaginal microbe communities change during pregnancy, in preparation for birth, delivering beneficial microbes to the new-born.

At the time of delivery, the vagina is dominated by a couple of species of bacteria, Lactobacillus and Prevotella. In contrast, children born by caesarean section often display microbial communities associated with the skin, including aureus, Corynebacterium, and Propionibacterium.

How Your Baby's Gut Flora Affects His Future Health

The health implications of this variation in gut bacteria acquired from birth. Research shows that there is a profound dynamic interplay between your instincts, your brain, and your immune system, starting at birth. She has developed what could be one of the most profoundly important treatment strategies for a wide range of neurological, psychological, and autoimmune disorders, all of which are heavily influenced by the health of the gut.

I believe that your Gut and Psychology Syndrome, and the Gut and Physiology Syndrome Nutritional Program is vitally important to most, as most people have poor gut health due to poor diet and exposure to toxic substances, but it is especially crucial for pregnant women and young children.

Children born with severely damaged gut flora are not only more susceptible to the disease, but they are also more susceptible to damage from the vaccine, and that may help explain why some children develop symptoms of autism after receiving one or more. more childhood vaccines.

According to Dr. Campbell-McBride, autistic children are born with perfectly normal brains and sensory organs. The problem arises when the normal intestinal flora does not develop. In a previous interview he explained the chain of events that is typical of many, if not most, autistic children:

“What happens in these children [is that] they don't develop normal intestinal flora from birth. As a result, their digestive system, instead of being a source of food for these children, becomes a major source of toxicity. These pathogenic microbes inside your digestive tract damage the integrity of the intestinal wall. So, all kinds of toxins and microbes flood the child's bloodstream, and they get into the child's brain.

This usually occurs in the second year of life in children who were breastfed as it provides protection against this abnormal intestinal flora. In children who were not breastfed, I see symptoms of autism developing in the first year of life. So breastfeeding is essential to protect these children.

... If the child's brain is clogged with toxicity, the child skips that window of learning opportunity and begins to develop autism, depending on the mix of toxins, depending on the severity of the condition, and depending on how severely abnormal it is. the intestinal flora of the child. "

It is important to understand that the intestinal flora that your child acquires during vaginal delivery depends on the mother's intestinal flora. So, if the mother's microflora is abnormal, the child will be too. Autism is not the only possible outcome in this case. Some gaps can manifest as a conglomeration of symptoms that can fit into the diagnosis of anyone with autism, or from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), attention deficit disorder (ADD), dyslexia, dyspraxia or obsessive-compulsive disorder, just to name a few possibilities. Digestive problems, asthma, allergies, skin problems and autoimmune disorders are also common results of these gaps, as it can present itself either psychologically or physiologically.

The importance of fermented foods and probiotics for the intestinal flora

Maintaining optimal gut flora, and "reseeding" your gut with fermented foods and probiotics when you are taking an antibiotic, can be one of the most important steps you can take to improve your health. If you are not eating fermented foods, you will most likely need to supplement with a probiotic on a regular basis, especially if you are eating a lot of processed foods. As explained by Dr. Campbell-McBride, a poor diet in general, and each course of antibiotics praises a very high price:

“Each course of antibiotics tends to eliminate beneficial bacteria and provides a window of opportunity for pathogens to proliferate, grow out of control, and occupy new niches in the gut. The beneficial flora recovers, but the different species of it take between two weeks to two months to recover in the intestine and that is a window of opportunity for several pathogens to grow too large.

What I see in the families of autistic children is that 100 percent of the mothers of autistic children have abnormal gut flora and related health problems. But then I look at the grandmothers on the mother's side, and it seems to me that the grandmothers also have abnormal intestinal flora, but much milder. "

In essence, what we have is a generational accumulation of abnormal gut flora, with each generation increasingly likely to be further harmed by the use of antibiotics and vaccines.

How your instinct affects your metabolism and gene expression

As time goes on, we are gaining more and more information about the important role that the intestine plays in maintaining flora and overall health. The good news is that this is an area where you can exert great control. Your diet can quickly change the composition of the flora on your instincts. The processed foods with high sugar and chemical additives and low in nutrients is a safe way to decimate beneficial bacteria in the intestine, allowing the type of harmful pathogen thrive.

Research has also shown that its microflora has a significant impact on gene expression, such as the genes responsible for vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism. Probiotics have been found to influence the activity of hundreds of your genes, helping them express themselves in a positive way in the fight against disease, some of which affect your body in a similar way to the effects of certain medications!

A recent study published in the journal Natureii found that "gut microbial communities represent a source of human genetic and metabolic diversity." According to the authors:

“To examine how the gut microbiome differs between human populations, here we can characterize species of bacteria in stool samples from 531 people, plus the gene content of 110 of them. The cohort comprised healthy children and adults from the Amazon of Venezuela, rural Malawi, and the metropolitan areas of the United States and included mono and di-zygotic.

Common features of the functional maturation of the gut microbiome were identified during the first three years of life in all three populations, including age-associated changes in genes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and metabolism.

Marked differences in bacterial assemblages and functional gene repertoires were seen between residents of the United States and those of the other two countries. These distinctive features are evident in early childhood as well as adulthood. Our findings underscore the need to consider the microbiome when assessing human development, nutritional needs, physiological variations, and the impact of westernization.

Three global varieties of gut flora bacteria

You may not be aware of it, but scientists are now busy mapping microbes in the body in the same way as mapping the human genome. Project 2The Human Microbiome Projectiv” was launched in October 2008, with the aim of cataloging all the bacteria inhabitants in the human body. Researchers have identified most of the microbes in the human gut, but not much is yet known about the actions of each microbe, or how they work together. An article published in Wired magazine last year discussed this fascinating work. It also has an illustrative chart of the main microbes found in humans around the world.

According to another study, also published in the journal Naturevii last year, each of us harbors one of the three main "communities" of bacteria. The ramifications of each one's health are being examined. Bactericides, Prevotella, Ruminococcus.

The ideal way to optimize intestinal health

The ideal balance of benefit to pathogenic bacteria in the gut is about 85 percent good bacteria and 15 percent bad. Maintaining this ideal ratio is what it's all about when we are talking about optimizing your gut health. Historically, people did not have the same problems with their gut health as we do today for the simple fact that they had large amounts of beneficial bacteria, probiotics that is, in their diet in the form of fermented or cultured foods, which were long invented. before the advent of refrigeration and other forms of food preservation.

You can ferment just about any food, and every traditional culture has always fermented its food to prevent spoilage. There are also many fermented drinks and yogurts. A large percent of all the foods that people ate on a daily basis were fermented, and each bite provided billions of beneficial bacteria, far more than you can get from a probiotic supplement.

Here's an example: It is rare to find a probiotic supplement that contains more than 10 million colony-forming units. But when my team tested probiotic fermented vegetables produced by starter cultures, they had 10 trillion colony-forming units of bacteria. Literally one serving of vegetables equals a whole bottle of high-potency probiotics! Fermented foods also give you a greater variety of beneficial bacteria, so it is generally the most cost-effective alternative.

Fermenting your own foods is a fairly straightforward and simple process and can provide even greater savings.

Tinnitus, or ringing in the ears, is a bothersome symptom that can be caused by the accumulation of wax, infections or wounds in the ears. Today, we’re going to show you some natural remedies to help reduce ringing in your ears. It’s a faint sound that you hear in one or both ears. It almost always comes along with headaches, difficulty hearing, or concentration problems. It could happen for long, sustained periods of time, but it can also happen only occasionally, not causing many problems.

TinniFix Tinnitus Supplement

#TinniFix Tinnitus Supplement

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nancydhooper · 4 years ago

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Behind Closed Doors: The Traumas of Domestic Work in the U.S.

Like other essential workers, domestic workers are bearing the brunt of the COVID-19 pandemic without the luxury of being able to telework, social distance, or even take a sick day. They also face unique and challenging circumstances due to the nature of their work, which is undervalued and under-regulated by the U.S. government. As a result, domestic workers often endure horrific abuses that go unchecked. Many are brought to the U.S. by employers promising a better life, only to find themselves subjected to forced labor, denied wages, and threatened with deportation.

Today, the ACLU joins a coalition of workers’ rights organizations calling on the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights to acknowledge and address the U.S. government’s failure to protect the rights of domestic workers. These workers are overwhelmingly women of color and/or migrants, and include house cleaners, nannies, caregivers, and others who work out of public view and in their employers’ homes. Below, four domestic workers explain in their own words the all too common abuses that continue unheeded because of the government’s failure to act.

FAINESS

My trafficker was a Malawian diplomat to the U.S. I had known her for years back home in Malawi, where I worked for her as a nanny before coming here. When she was stationed in D.C., she asked me to come with her, promising better opportunities — I could get an education, get a better job, get out and see the world. As a young person, what else could you want? She gave me a contract and travel documents and rushed me to sign them even though I could not speak or understand English at the time. After I was granted an A3 visa, which is a special visa for diplomats’ domestic workers, we left for the U.S., where we moved into a home in a beautiful neighborhood in Silver Spring, Maryland.

Everything changed when we got to the U.S. My trafficker was no longer the person I knew in Malawi — she turned into a tiger. She forced me to work more than 16 hours per day for less than 40 cents per hour, cooking and cleaning and doing laundry, even ironing the family’s underwear. Who does that?

I lived in my trafficker’s home, but not as an equal. I lived like a slave. She made me sleep on the basement floor and forbade me from using any of the family’s soaps or other items, so I would not “contaminate” their belongings. She cut my phone access, so I was not able to communicate with my family at all for three years. I was refused medical care when I was sick. The only food I could eat were leftover scraps. Many times, I had to watch the family eat while I was starving and malnourished.

While I lived there, I was raped by a family friend. I could not receive any help because I did not speak English and did not know what to do. Whenever I tried talking to my trafficker about anything, she would call me ungrateful because she had taken me from my poor home village. Often, she would say “I can do anything I want, I’m a diplomat, I have immunity.” She also accused me of sleeping with her boyfriend.

The pain was too much. I was dying slowly, and I could not take it anymore. I wanted to die, but I knew that if I died in that house, my trafficker would throw my body in a dumpster and no one would ever find out. So I thought maybe, if I die in the street, people will find me and my family will learn of my death, maybe on the news.

One day, I found my passport and snuck out of the house through the garage. I was so thin, I managed to squeeze myself through the gap beneath the garage door. Then I ran away, leaving everything behind.

Today, I am a survivor. What happened to me doesn’t define me. While I still have not overcome my traumas 100 percent, I empowered myself through learning about who I am, my rights, and trafficking laws. I learned that trafficking is not just sex trafficking, and it was labor trafficking that brought me to the U.S. and entrapped me. Now I am a leader. I am a member of the National Survivor Network and a board member of the Survivor Alliance. I have spoken before Congress and at conferences. I work alongside NGOs to change policies, including a labor statute in Maryland that I advocated for.

Still, I am angry that domestic workers are invisible to many people. The whole time I was suffering, nobody saw me. I remember shoveling snow in my trafficker’s driveway, without gloves, boots, or warm clothes, watching cars pass as everybody missed those red flags.

It’s hard to identify trafficking of domestic workers since it usually happens behind closed doors, but the community should learn how to identify these situations and hold labor traffickers accountable. Domestic workers deserve fair treatment, decent pay, and benefits. The government, Congress, and our communities need to make sure survivors always have a seat at the table. Nothing about us, without us. It’s our pain and our story. You cannot fight trafficking without survivors, period.

CARLOS

When I first came to the U.S., I didn’t realize I was being trafficked or that my working conditions were not normal. I had come here for the same reason as a lot of Filipinos — a simple dream, especially as a father, to bring my family out of poverty. I didn’t know about my rights. All I knew is that I came here to work. I was just so happy and excited to be in America.

Before I came here, an employment agency in the Philippines found me a job as a cook at a country club in Florida. I had to pay them $3,000 just for all the paperwork to get here. Once I arrived, I stayed in a small house with a bunch of other workers, about six or seven of us in each room. I thought it was all normal. I believed in the lies my employers told me about the contract, the salary, the house, the visa. They told us we would get green cards and be able to bring our families here.

After working for a few months in Florida, they moved us to another country club in Arkansas. They told us our visas had expired, so there was no contract and no paycheck, just a cash advance of $500. My pay was only enough to cover my basic needs in the U.S. I had no money left over to send back home to my family.

They threatened that if we tried to leave, they would call the police and report us to immigration. The treatment was so bad that some of us ran away anyway, but I was too afraid of being deported. I said to myself, I’m here in America for my family. They were still suffering so much to get food on the table. All they could afford to eat was rice and soy sauce.

One night I decided to do it. I got on a Greyhound bus at 3 or 4 a.m., with just my passport and $500 in my pocket, and traveled from Arkansas to Texas, where I stayed with my aunt for a little while until my uncle found me a job in California. I took that job, but it ended shortly after. I had no work for three months. I felt homeless and that I had ruined my family. That’s when I became an alcoholic. I wanted to be drunk all the time, to fall asleep and forget everything that had happened in America. Every time I try to remember everything, it all comes back to me, all the depression and fear.

I thought about going home, but I knew I could not go back to the Philippines for a very long time. I told myself I was already here and that I needed to be patient. Back home we call America the land of opportunity. At that moment, I didn’t know if I could call America that, but I never surrendered or stopped looking for a job. I kept fighting for my family. The only thing I had to hold onto was my faith. I prayed that one day it would all be okay.

My life restarted again when I found a job as a cook and housekeeper in a big house in Beverly Hills. Now I am in another job, working as a caregiver. I still have anxiety every time I see police and fear being caught. I still have trouble sleeping. But I got help for substance abuse and treatment for my depression and anxiety. Today, the trauma is still there, but it’s not as heavy anymore.

It has been 13 years since I was home in the Philippines. I still have hope to bring my family here and get a fresh start. I don’t want what happened to me to happen to my children.

SAM

For me, coming to the U.S. was the realization of a dream, not only for myself but for my family. I was a physical therapist in the Philippines so I was really happy when an employment agency got me a job doing the same work in the U.S. But when I got here, it was nothing like they promised. We were thrown into a hotel in a rough neighborhood. There was no work, no visit to the jobsite, no employer nor a representative who came to welcome us and see how we were doing. We were left on our own. We survived for 14 days eating noodles from the 99 cent store.

I endured the treatment because I had no choice and I didn’t know the laws in the U.S. It was tormenting and traumatic being in a foreign land with no knowledge of the laws, specifically laws about employment and immigration. I also didn’t know before I came that I would have very, very limited job choices as an undocumented immigrant resulting from my trafficking. Living in fear of being deported was stressful and suffocating. Even more because I cannot afford insurance or medical care so I had to just take vitamins and pray to God, and by God’s grace I was able to stay well.

I learned a little from a childhood friend who has been a U.S. citizen for a long time and also works as a physical therapist. He told me that he learned about four physical therapists who had reported their agencies for violations of human trafficking and that they won their cases and got justice. At the same time, my Filipino values of perseverance and faith somehow deterred and delayed me from seeking help for myself.

Information about domestic workers’ rights and human trafficking abuses should be readily available to immigrant communities. It should be easy for workers to contact authorities, even their local embassies, and get help. Labor rights should be plainly black and white and both employers and employees need to adhere to them. There should be a collaboration between the host country and the country of origin of trafficking victims so these predators are stopped from the very beginning. We must treat each other with respect and humanity. We are human beings too and not just nominal subjects for profiteering.

MELANIE

I came to the U.S. from the Philippines to support my family. One of my children had cerebral palsy and was prone to pneumonia, and was always in the hospital, which was expensive. I could not afford his treatment. So when I found an opportunity for a job abroad, I tried my luck and took it.

An employment agency in the Philippines connected me to a job in a chicken factory in Washington State. To get here, I had to pay the agency $5,000 plus airfare. All the problems started when I arrived. The agency told me and other Filipino workers it would cover housing, but when we got there we found out we had to stay in another employee’s home for the first three weeks, and during that time we had to do her housekeeping and take care of her three children, on top of going to work at the factory. Finally they moved us to a housing unit. We were 20 people with one bathroom and no furniture. The women slept in the attic, about 10 of us.

Working at the factory was difficult and dangerous. My job was to debone chicken with an electric sensor on a conveyor belt. We had to work fast, which made it hard to protect ourselves. Fingers were always being cut. There were also immigration raids so we were in constant fear of being caught and deported. I had a visa, but some of the other employees did not have papers. All of us were afraid.

After six months, the company let us go even though our contracts were for a year’s work. Some of my other coworkers from the Philippines were afraid they would lose their visas from being out of work, so they went home. I missed my family and wanted to go home, too. I wanted to provide for them but at the same time, I have to pay my debt. I am still paying off the loans I borrowed to pay the employment agency fees.

In the Philippines, we have this idea that going to America will bring you a bright future. So even though I wanted to go home, I knew people would treat me like a failure if I did — I had been planning to bring my family there and I had failed. All of a sudden you’re back with nothing but debt. People think only criminals get deported. So I stayed.

To get another job, I had to pay the agency a $500 processing fee and they placed me at a resort in Sedona, Arizona. Our living conditions were better there, but the work was physically exhausting. We worked in teams of two to clean 20 rooms per day. I got sick with high blood pressure and vertigo, which made it very difficult to continue working, but I didn’t go to a doctor because it was expensive and I didn’t know about insurance. I decided to resign, but when I told my employer, he threatened to deport me. I ended up staying for three months before I finally broke free. Then I started looking for another job, one that would not take a toll on my health.

My friend found me a job as a caregiver in California. That’s where I live now. I share a place with a senior who needed help paying rent. I spend most of my salary on phone cards calling home, and while the job is steady, the landlord threatened to evict me because I am not on the lease. California’s eviction moratorium has prevented that for now.

I came here to support my family, but I am still trying to save up enough money to see them. My son passed away from his illness last year and I was not able to be there. Many times, I wished that I never came here, that I never had to go through what I did. Had I known that what my traffickers had promised were lies, I would have stayed in the Philippines in the first place.

All I want as a domestic worker is recognition. Domestic work is seen as a lowly job but it’s a decent job and it’s vital to society. We should not be ignored. We are important.

There are potentially thousands of domestic workers living across the U.S. right now, who have been trafficked and forced into labor while being subjected to many of the same inequalities other essential workers face. In fact, COVID-19 has only laid bare the dangers and abuses of domestic work that long predate the pandemic: low wages (often below local minimum wages), overwork, unhonored or nonexistent contracts, employer surveillance, lack of access to healthcare, and more.

The ACLU’s petition demands immediate action to address these abuses, and draws from the expertise of four individual domestic workers as well as workers’ rights organizations including National Domestic Workers Alliance, Adhikaar, Damayan Migrant Workers, Centro de los Derechos del Migrante, Human Trafficking Legal Center, Fe y Justicia, and Pilipino Workers Center.

from RSSMix.com Mix ID 8247012 https://www.aclu.org/news/immigrants-rights/behind-closed-doors-the-traumas-of-domestic-work-in-the-u-s via http://www.rssmix.com/

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feministfocus · 5 years ago

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The Ones Cleaning Up After the Storm, the Drought, the Flood - Women and Climate Change

by Cynthia Lin

As wildfires rage in much of the Western states of America, the issue of climate change has reintroduced itself prominently in the media. Warmer temperatures and drier conditions have exacerbated the speed at which most fires spread, resulting in displacement, polluted skies, and millions of burnt acres across California, Oregon, and Washington.

But the climate crisis may prove to be even more detrimental, particularly as it accentuates the already very pervasive gender inequalities in many developing countries. Studies have shown that women may be more susceptible to climate impacts through the interplay of characteristics such as “age, levels of poverty, ethnicity, and marginalization” coupled with gender, that cause them to be much more vulnerable in times of instability (Thomas, Adelle).

In fact, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), “gender inequalities are further exaggerated by climate-related hazards ... they result in higher workloads for women, occupational hazards indoors and outdoors, and ... higher mortality compared to men” (McCarthy, Joe). This may be because climate change limits natural resources, resulting in those most marginalized and dependent on the land to be most impacted. Specifically for the poor and for those working in the agricultural sector, this is troubling. And although both men and women are affected, the brunt of the burden is actually concentrated more on women, since “70% of the 1.3 billion people living in conditions of poverty are women” (Osman-Elasha, Balgis).

In poor, rural communities, women are also typically the household managers, responsible for maintaining the water supply and energy for cooking and heating. However, droughts and rising sea levels (resulting in saltwater intrusions) can impact water quantity and quality, thereby increasing their workload by requiring them to travel farther distances to retrieve clean drinking water. Unfortunately, this takes away valuable time, and in most cases, limits social mobility in that women are less likely to pursue an education if working so much.

When Hurricane Maria struck Puerto Rico in 2017, thousands were killed and tens of thousands displaced. A report from Oxfam found that in the aftermath of the storm, women were “usually the ones who spent hours wringing sodden towels by hand and hanging them to dry, carrying containers of water into the kitchen, bathing children in buckets, or washing floors with rainwater collected in cans. It was exhausting and demoralizing.”

Not only that, but for those women seeking to be economically independent in the agricultural sector, climate change may augment the obstacles they already face. Half the countries in the world still deny women access to basic human rights, such as acquiring land and borrowing money. Some even have difficulty in finding markets to sell their harvests. The worsening of soil quality and the scarcity of water as a result of climate change will only worsen these stressors.

Unfortunately, during times of instability and economic hardships, women may suffer even more from increased domestic violence, human trafficking exploitation, and rape. Terrorists groups, such as the Boko Haram in Northeastern Nigeria, have taken advantage of the climate crisis, targeting populations displaced by drought for labor exploitation.

In regards to domestic life, “in Malawi, ... disruptions of climate change could create 1.5 million additional child brides in the years ahead. In Australia, domestic abuse spikes after bushfires ...” (McCarthy, Joe). This is because as climate change leads to threatened resources, such as less usable land, changes in livelihoods, and increased economic pressure, “marrying off daughters become a coping mechanism,” says Mayesha Alan, who studies climate, women’s rights, and conflict at Yale University.

But, there is a positive side. As awareness of the inequalities caused by climate change grows, advocacy groups, organizations, and the very women impacted by this crisis are leading the changes to better their situation, some embracing sustainability and others seeking to improve the structure of their buildings against floods and cyclones. The United Nations Climate Change Gender Action Plan and the Green Climate Fund’s gender policy also strive to support adaptive measures to address gender inequalities as an effect of global warming.

And for those seeking to help in solving this crisis, everything little thing counts, whether it is educating your community about climate change, living as a more sustainable consumer, reaching out to advocacy groups, or just simply reading this article.

CITATIONS:

McCarthy, Joe. (2020, March 05). Why Climate Change Disproportionately Affects Women. Retrieved September 17, 2020, from https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/ content/how-climate-change-affects-women/

Osman-Elasha, Balgis. (n.d.). Women...In The Shadow of Climate Change. Retrieved September 17, 2020, from https://www.un.org/en/chronicle/article/womenin-shadow-climatechange

Thomas, Adelle. (2020, March 06). Power structures over gender make women more vulnerable to climate change. Retrieved September 17, 2020, from https:// www.climatechangenews.com/2020/03/08/power-structures-gender-make-women-vulnerableclimate-change/

Urevig, Andrew. (2019, September 16). When it comes to addressing climate change, gender matters. Retrieved September 17, 2020, from https://ensia.com/notable/ gender-climate-change/

#girls learn internation #feminism #climate change

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utbt-blog · 8 years ago

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The impacts of water shortage can be assembled into these 4 wide areas—hunger, poverty, Health and Education. The charitable trust like UTBT has already taken a step forward to help the needy and poor. Help to poor children in Malawi is an inevitable measure to be taken for a better future tomorrow. It can only be possible when every person in world could donate a smaller amount.

#Donations for UTBT Schools #help to poor Children in Malawi #charitable trust for Malawi children

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israelpcra854-blog · 6 years ago

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Debt Relief and Personal Loans - Is it Possible to Get More Loans While in Debt?

"Debt in itself is okay; it permits individuals and organizations to do things they wouldn't generally do, like purchase a house or expand a company. However throughout history, extreme debt build-up has actually been blamed for exacerbating economic issues, from the Great Depression to the current worldwide monetary crisis.

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Back in the 1970s, a wave of oil-fuelled bad loaning paralyzed the Third World, fortifying unelected routines and enforcing years worth of unpayable financial obligation. In the 1990s, the moral outrage of this circumstance - where help to the Third World was clearly being overshadowed by debt repayments - planted the seeds of the Jubilee 2000 project.

Well-informed and broad in appeal, the Jubilee coalition took an obscure problem and put it at the top of the rich countries' program. In the run-up to the year 2000, a petition requiring the cancellation of financial obligations owed by impoverished countries to abundant countries was handed to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. It had over 24 million signatures and was participated in the Guinness Book of Records twice, as the world's biggest petition and the most international petition, with signatures from more than 166 countries. The outcome? The G8 consented to a financial obligation relief plan for the poorest countries in the world, with over $50 billion of financial obligation reduction ultimately got.

Beyond the millennium, the Jubilee union struck another massive blow as part of the Make Hardship History project of 2005, when international financial institutions such as the World Bank concurred to a larger cancellation of financial obligations, with some nations having the large bulk of their debts to these organizations canceled. Another $50 billion has actually so far been cancelled through this scheme.

The advantages of debt relief to poor countries are huge. It suggests more children in schools, more people getting healthcare and child-births attended by midwives. Taking a look at the experience of Malawi (whose total external debt has actually reduced from over milebrook financial yelp $3.2 billion to $750 million), this had actually caused yearly financial obligation repayments falling from $90 million in 2006 to $13.3 million, and spending on health care and education increasing by 83% and 56% respectively.

Despite such progress, the list of countries qualified for financial obligation decrease was limited and left off many other severely indebted establishing countries. These consist of Kenya, Lesotho, Ecuador, Peru, Vietnam, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Bangladesh, to name just a couple of. The reality is that for every single $1 developed nation give up help, $5 still returns in debt repayments from developing countries. And even when these uncollectable bills are canceled, they are counted as aid.

In addition, financial obligations are still exceptional to this day across the world to the UK's Export Credit Guarantee Department (ECGD). This little-known Government Department is the body to which most - over 95% - of the UK's impressive Third World financial obligation is owed. In addition, it produces brand-new debts - through making sure failed UK exports - without taking appropriate account of Third World advancement requires.

The ECGD works by offering insurance coverage to UK companies running abroad, consisting of in the developing world. Regrettably, much of this insurance goes to what some would consider being large and careless corporations. Over the last 10 years, ECGD support for fossil fuels, arms sales and aerospace (airplanes) has actually represented around 75% of its work. In 2015, a single company, Airbus, received 89% of ECGD assistance. A lot of significantly, ECGD jobs have actually been implicated in human rights abuses, ecological destruction, increased carbon emissions, and corruption.

Today, establishing countries currently owe A 2 billion to the ECGD, more than any other public institution in the UK.

For instance, Indonesia 'owes' the ECGD over A 500 million, the majority of which was run-up selling British weapons to General Suharto, whose program reportedly killed in between 500,000 and 1 million individuals throughout his first year in office. The current Indonesian federal government is still paying for these weapons.

The Al-Yamamah handle Saudi Arabia - The greatest arms deal in British history - was also guaranteed by the ECGD in the 1980s. The deal provoked claims that sales had been overpriced in order to settle and amuse Saudi Royals. Only the individual intervention of then Prime Minister Tony Blair stopped a Major Scams Office inquiry.

A few years ago, ECGD lent its assistance to an oil pipeline that runs from the Azeri oil http://query.nytimes.com/search/sitesearch/?action=click&contentCollection&region=TopBar&WT.nav=searchWidget&module=SearchSubmit&pgtype=Homepage#/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debt_relief field in the Caspian Sea to the Mediterranean, passing through Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Turkey. The pipeline began pumping up to a million barrels of oil a day in 2006. It has given that faced allegations of human rights infractions and concerns over its possible ecological effects.

There are numerous examples where these originated from and now campaigners say it's time for a change.

The Coalition Federal government has actually promised to stop using the ECGD to support nonrenewable fuel sources, which suggests this is an ideal time for reforming the ECGD and putting an end to this historical injustice.

If the taxpayer is to underwrite exports, we require to be absolutely clear that the exports we're supporting advantage not just the British market however likewise produce a fairer world. No doubt we might utilize export credits to support small and medium companies dealing with the financial crisis. In specific, we could support the green market, which will produce sustainable tasks for the future.

However this will all require basic reforms of the ECGD. In an economic crisis, export credits come to be viewed as more crucial than ever. They exist as a crucial manner in which the British government can support the having a hard time industry and re-stimulate the British economy.

So modifications to the ECGD are urgent. To make it suitable for function, there needs to be a public audit of all exceptional financial obligations, so that those discovered to be unfair - for instance where the ability to pay back was never ever possible or where corruption appears - can be canceled. In addition, the practice of converting stopped working exports into Third World financial obligation must stop, and efforts made to guarantee much stronger standards are presented to enable the Government to be a world leader in its support for green growth."

#debt consolidation. Debt relief #debt

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jghouse-asia-pacific · 6 years ago

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New Post has been published on https://www.jg-house.com/2019/05/19/death-davao/

A Death in Davao

The house in Royal Valley was the same. With a doorway missing its door and a window frame without any glass panes, the tiny house offered little separation between an inside and an outside world. Moist sea air settled in the living room, bedroom, and kitchen. Noises were as loud in the bedroom as they were in the street. Animals from the neighborhood wandered in and then walked out. But the atmosphere on this late evening in October, I realized, despite the familiar sounds, was very different.

It was a Sunday, a few hours after sunset. A couple of hours before, I had exited a Cebu Pacific airplane and entered the terminal of the small airport 10 kilometers northeast of downtown Davao. I was back in the capital of Mindanao, the most impoverished and southernmost of the Philippines’ three principal islands.

Inside the living room, my eyes could detect only vague shapes in an almost complete darkness. After a few seconds, they were able to distinguish an object on the floor next to the wall. It was Jogie, lying on a mattress with her face turned toward the dark wall.

“I have a fever,” she said, turning back toward me and adjusting a square bandage on her forehead. She switched on a small, shadeless lamp next to the mattress. A single bulb cast an orange light in the moist air. Above her, attached to the wall, the new air-conditioning unit emitted cool air and a low humming sound. The machine was small, but effective. The air in the room was much cooler than it ever had been before. Usually the heat and humidity inside were extreme.

I sat in the same plastic chair I had occupied on prior visits. On this night in late October, though, I wondered if this visit would be my last. Jogie was fighting, but the problems arising from the cancer in her cervix were increasing. The pain was more severe; her voice, once so strong, now was much weaker.

Royal Valley, Davao, Philippines

Alarming Data

Jogie’s decline coincided with sobering news from recent reports on cancer. For example, the American Cancer Society and the pharmaceutical company, Merck, had released a study, “Global Burden of Cancer in Women.” The number of women who will die from cancer each year, according to the report, will rise from 3.5 million in 2012 to 5.5 million in 2030, an increase of 60 percent in two decades. Where many people had assumed the death rate would drop, with advances in medicine, it rose.

Cancer kills one in seven women worldwide, making it the second most lethal cause of death after cardiovascular disease. The report compared data for women with cancer in a developed country, such as the United States, to data for women with cancer in a developing country, such as the Philippines. In developed countries, breast, lung, and colorectal cancers were the most prevalent; in developing nations, breast, cervix, and lung malignancies were the most common. But in 39 of the poorest nations cervical cancer was at the top of the list.

Man, Cemetery, Davao

Grim Outlook

At 33, Jogie formerly had operated a modest business selling health and beauty products over the Internet.

The oldest of five children, Jogie had lost her father when she was nine. His death from a gunshot wound to the head was sudden. While her mother, a woman with little education, took whatever jobs she could to support the family, Jogie took care of her three sisters and one brother. When Jogie was 19, she decided to move to Japan to start a career in Tokyo’s karaoke bars. Then she learned the Japanese had cancelled the visa program for workers from the Philippines.

Jogie moved to Manila, the Philippine capital, on the island of Luzon, where she lived for the next 12 years, working in various call centers providing customer service. Now Jogie lay on a mattress under her mother’s roof, too sick to take care of herself.

Home, Royal Valley, Davao

Poverty

Globally, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of death among women. However, in poorer nations, it’s the second most common cancer and the third leading cause of death. In fact, almost 90 percent of all deaths due to cervical cancer occur in developing countries, such as the Philippines and Malawi, a country in southeastern Africa.

Medical researchers now consider the human papillomavirus, or HPV, transmitted through sexual intercourse, the cause of cervical cancer. More than a hundred types of HPV exist, but only a few of them cause cervical cancer. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified 12 types of HPV as carcinogenic for humans. Of these 12 types, HPV 16 and 18 are the most common, causing 70 percent of all cervical cancers.

Cookie, Royal Valley, Davao

Diagnosis

“Yesterday I went to the hospital,” said Jogie, “to get the results of my latest urinalysis. I have an infection.”

A small child burst into the room, almost falling with every step she took. It was Cookie, the daughter of Jogie’s youngest sister, Mabel. Suddenly the little girl stopped, three feet in front of me. She stared at me, uncertain what to do next. The last time I had seen Cookie she was not yet walking. Now her jet black hair reached almost to her shoulders, and her big brown eyes focused on me.

The catheter attached to Jogie deposited urine into the bag at her side. I watched the flow of yellow liquid. “But the urologist told me there was nothing he could do,” she said. “The only one who could help me now, he said, was the oncologist. I have cervical cancer, stage III b.”

Jogie, Suburbs, Davao

Life-Saving Test

Cervical cancer, like other forms of cancer afflicting women, is, however, preventable. A vaccine exists to protect women against HPV. Also, screening tests, such as the Papanicolaou or Pap test, enable doctors to detect and remove pre-cancerous lesions.

The two to three generations of women around the world who have not received the HPV vaccine or who already have been infected with HPV must rely on screening tests. For such women, the objective is to check for a lesion that can progress to cervical cancer if left untreated.

The Pap test is the conventional screening method, but access to it, as to the HPV vaccine, is not easy.

Two Girls, Supermarket, Davao

Treatment

For Jogie, no vaccine or screening test would help her now. She needed treatment for the cancer in stage three of its four-stage progression. With radiation therapy, the oncologist could shrink the tumor blocking the flow of urine. Until then, Jogie would not be able to urinate on her own.

Jogie finally had started radiation treatment. Three months had passed since doctors at Southern Philippines Medical Center, the government hospital in Davao, confirmed their diagnosis. But for weeks Jogie had languished on a bed in the cancer ward of the hospital, receiving only pain medication. The tumor had doubled in size.

Jogie, with no money, was not a priority.

Now, with funds from two aunts, one in the Philippines and one in Germany, Jogie was able to start radiation therapy. She had a radiation session once a day, five times per week at Davao Doctors Hospital, the most modern health care facility on the island of Mindanao. She was scheduled to have a total of 33 sessions of radiation therapy. Also, she was advised to have six sessions of chemotherapy and three sessions of brachytherapy.

But Jogie didn’t have enough money.

Two Women, Downtown, Davao

Rising Toll

The economic burden of cancer, according to the report from the American Cancer Society and Merck, is growing every year. Expenditures for the early detection of cancer and for treatment continue to climb.

Around the world, larger cities are more likely to have the infrastructure for cancer care, as well as a higher proportion of people who could afford the care. In rural areas and smaller towns, lower-income individuals are less likely to have access to cancer care.

Due to high costs, many chemotherapeutic agents are not part of essential medicine lists in poor countries. The median number of oncology-essential medicines in a recent study ranged from 11 in low-income countries to 18 in lower middle-income and 26 in upper-income nations.

Turkeys, Cemetery, Davao

Lost Hope

“The Baptist church next to SaveMore donated the air conditioner,” said Jogie. “Mama went to them and asked for help.” Jogie laughed. “I don’t think I could survive without the air conditioner. My stomach feels like it’s on fire after a radiation session. Once I have chemotherapy, the burning sensation will be even worse.”

“Arequa,” Jogie said, uttering a word in Bisaya. She was in pain. “I don’t know what I will do when the money for my treatment runs out.” She started to turn over on the mattress, then stopped, reaching down toward the catheter between her legs.

“My only hope is to make it through this month,” said Jogie. It was a Friday at the beginning of December. I was back in the primitive living room of the small structure on the outskirts of Davao City, in the southern Philippines. “In January, my health insurance benefits will renew with the new year,” she said.

For 2016, Jogie had exhausted her benefits from the Philippines’ national insurance program, called PhilHealth. Now she was able to pay for treatment only through charitable contributions. “I’ve completed 23 radiation sessions,” she said. “My oncologist says I need five more in December. The goal is to shrink my tumor to three centimeters by the end of the month and, then, in January to target it with high doses of chemotherapy.”

Jogie’s tumor had grown from four-and-a-half centimeters at the end of August, when Jogie received her diagnosis, to seven centimeters at the beginning of October, when she started receiving treatment.

“But I need $500,” she said.

Gravestone, Cemetery, Davao

Death

On March 13, 2019, Jogie died. She left behind a son, Kobe, 19, and a daughter, Kryztle, 17.

I never saw any of them again.

#LifeCulture, #Philippines #Culture, #Davao, #PublicHealth

#culture #Davao #public health

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