#history of programming languages by deepak

[yogaadvise]

5 Things I Wish I Had Known When I Began Meditating

Before I began meditating I really felt that I had two benefits: I came from India, and due to my medical background, I had actually checked out the health benefits of reflection. When I think of five things that I want I 'd known 30 years earlier, I would change the topic to 'things I desire everybody understood.'

Meditation is natural. It's not an exotic import from the East and also the cultural worths of the East.

Meditation is regarding mind, body, and spirit as one continuous whole, not three separate things.

The advantages of reflection probably go deeper than we envision. At least, genetic task reacts extremely swiftly and considerably to meditation.

Meditation uncovers real self that exists at the core of every person.

The state of pure awareness that is reached with meditation is the ground state of everything.

I had not been entirely unknowing regarding these points. Three years earlier, the mind-body connection was swiftly arising, with research to support experiences that had previously been rejected as subjective, religious, unusual to Western values, or pure dream. I did assume, mistakenly, that meditation was in some way in my genes as an Indian, and also this would certainly make me a "natural,' while my Western close friends who practiced meditation were driving with a learner's authorization, so to speak.

As you look over the 5 things I have actually provided, their relevance will vary, of program, depending on your background, exactly how long you have meditated, and also various other aspects personal to you alone. However one common thread runs with the listing: There is a covert fact in human awareness.

I utilize a fairly neutral term, the true self, so that this hidden fact doesn't obtain puzzled with various religious customs. In the world's wisdom customs, there is always the contrast between 2 states of consciousness. The very first is the state of duality or separation. The second is the state of integrity or unity consciousness.

From all looks, separation is all-natural, due to the fact that the fact we face daily consists of revers: good as well as negative, light as well as dark, pleasure and also discomfort etc. Our minds are conditioned to 'address' duality by choosing the better side of each opposite. As a result, we attempt to be good, ethical people who abide by humane worths. Somehow the state of splitting up continues suffering, no issue exactly how good, pure, and also well-intentioned you are. For thousands of years there have actually been wisdom practices that state, 'Splitting up is a given if you pick to stay in a particular state of awareness. It really feels all-natural because you accept that the mind is the very same as the materials of the mind, all the ideas, images, wishes, as well as experiences that fill your head. This activity takes area versus a history that is silent, entire, as well as complimentary of enduring. This is your real self, and also when you show up here, integrity is equally as all-natural as splitting up.'

In every tradition, this promise of a greater state of awareness is main. In modern-day language, awareness is like a motion picture display on which any type of movie can be projected. Whatever takes place in the movie, the display isn't impacted. Consequently, everyone has an option between an 'I' that is at the facility of continuous activity or an 'I' that is consciousness itself. The five points I detailed are entry-level awareness, one might say, that enable your mind, despite the fact that it is steeped in duality as well as the play of opposites, to see an additional facet of itself. That's the initial as well as most priceless thing, to see an available to wholeness.

When I began meditating, and also to some level today, it was clear to me that people hesitate to begin the technique unless you hold out motivations that interest the separate self, or ego. This is absolutely valid. The mind-body advantages of meditating have been confirmed via numerous research studies. At the other end of the range, other individuals are convinced to start generally to come to be mentally pure as well as boosted in their sense of self. This is additionally valid, however it discreetly positions spirit in a fortunate setting over mind and also body. The truth is that wholeness can not be achieved like a jigsaw puzzle by setting up a collection of pieces.

Wholeness is a state all its very own. If it had not been, somebody might go along as well as tear apart the jigsaw puzzle you so meticulously constructed. Being a state all its very own, wholeness or unity consciousness is the ground state of being. It is the womb of production, the only actual 'stuff' from which the globe 'in below' and also the globe 'out there' are produced. Thus, meditation is mysterious in its capacity to change a person because regardless of just how much harm the state of separation has actually created, both directly and for culture, each people is inseparably whole. Exactly how can we be entire as well as not understand it? That's the mystery that meditation provides. At the very same time, it offers the solution to the enigma: Integrity is the quiet ground of presence as well as a result can not be called a point, the means we understand other things like rocks, clouds, and trees.

When understanding is conscious of itself, it is whole. When recognition concentrates on an object, either 'in here' or 'available,' the state of wholeness is camouflaged. You end up being the observer of something that appears to be outdoors yourself. In truth, the entire cosmos exists in consciousness, therefore, all experience remains in you.

To know and also comprehend this would have been excessive for me to ask of myself when I initially began to meditate. Recalling over my shoulder-- with the recognition that reflection has created over the years-- I value the procedure that takes anybody out of splitting up right into wholeness. Life has come down to this one choice, and also by meditating, the choice to be entire occurs naturally.

Learn whatever you need to know to develop your desire reflection exercise with Basics of Meditation, a self-paced on-line training course led by Deepak Chopra. Learn More.

[smartprogramming]

History Of Programming Languages :-

1. First Generation Programming Languages : Introduced in the 1940's.

Sometimes referred as Binary Language, Machine Language, Very Low Level Language, Machine Code or Object Code.

It is a language made up of entirely 1s and 0s.

Programmers have to design their code by hand then transfer it to a computer by using a punch card, punch tape or flicking switches.

It is the only language a computer is capable of understanding without using a translation program.

Close to machines.

Modern day programmers still occasionally use machine level code, especially when programming lower level functions of the system, such as drivers, interfaces with firmware and hardware devices.

2. Second Generation Programming Languages : Introduced in the 1950's.

Sometimes referred as Assembly Language or Low Level Language.

Programmes are in the form of Alphanumeric Symbols (or Mnemonic Codes) instead of 0’s and l’s.

These alphanumeric symbols can have maximum up to 5 letter combinations e.g. ADD for addition, SUB for subtraction, START LABEL  etc. because of this feature it is also known as “Symbolic Programming Language”.

Close to machine.

Programmes are translated into machine language using Assemblers.

Not portable. Used in kernels and hardware driver, but more often find use in extremely intensive processing such as games, video editing, graphic manipulation/rendering.

Examples are :  RISC(Reduced Instruction Set Computer)

CISC(Complex Instruction Set Computer)

x86 as that is what our embedded systems and desktop computers use.

3. Third Generation Of Programming Languages : Introduced in the 1950's.

Purpose of developing High-Level Languages was to enable people to write programs easily, in their own native language environment (English).

These are Symbolic languages that use English words and/or mathematical symbols rather than mnemonic codes.

Close to humans.

Compiler (which converts the language into machine code automatically) was developed

First compiled high level programming language : in 1952 for the Mark 1 computer at the University of Manchester.

In 1954, FORTRAN was invented at IBM by John Backus. It was the first widely used high level general purpose programming language to have a functional implementation.

1) Algebraic Formula-Type Processing :- These languages are oriented towards the computational procedures for solving mathematical and statistical problems.    Examples include:

  • BASIC (Beginners All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)

  • FORTRAN (Formula Translation)

  • PL/I (Programming Language, Version 1)

  • ALGOL (Algorithmic Language)

  • APL (A Programming Language)

2) Business Data Processing :- These languages are best able to maintain data processing procedures and problems involved in handling files.

  Some examples include:

  • COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language)

  • RPG (Report Program Generator)

3) String and List Processing :- These are used for string manipulation, including search patterns and inserting and deleting characters.

  Examples are:

  • LISP (List Processing)

  • Prolog (Program in Logic)

4) Programming Languages (Approx 50 types in wikipedia) :- In OOP, the computer program is divided into objects.

  Examples are:

  • C++

  • Java

  • Objective C or C#

5) Visual Programming Language :- These programming languages are designed for building Windows-based applications.

  Examples are:

  • Visual Basic

  • Visual Java

  • Visual C

4. Fourth Generation Programming Languages : 1970s through the 1990s.

Also known as Very High Level Language or Non-Procedural Language.

It is Application Specific.

Close to natural language.

Closer to the domain, Further from the machine.

Fourth generation languages need approximately one tenth the number of statements that a high level languages needs to achieve the same results.

Non-computer professionals can develop software.

Examples are :  1. Query languages (SQL)

2. Report Programer Generators (RPG by IBM) : created for punched card machines.

 3. Applications generators

4. MATLAB

5. Some minicomputer applications eg PowerBuilder, FOCUS, Infotrieve-4GL, Progress 4GL etc

5. Fifth Generation Programming Languages : It is based on solving using constraints given to the program rahter than using an algorithm written by a programmer.

Introduced around 1990's.

Very closely resembles human speech.

Examples are : Prolog, Mercury, OPS5, AI etc.

These languages are also designed to make the computer "smarter".

Mainly used in artificial intelligence research.

Natural languages already available for microcomputers include Clout, Q&A, and Savvy Retriever (for use with databases) and HAL (Human Access Language).

[michellemagly]

History and Generations of Computers by Deepak (Hindi)

New Post has been published on https://computercoolingstore.com/history-and-generations-of-computers-by-deepak-hindi/

History and Generations of Computers by Deepak (Hindi)

#HistoryOfComputers #Deepak #DeepakPanwar visit my website to get all the java tutorials links (Chapter Wise) :

—————————————————————————————————- Contact to have all-in-one Java training with me. Contact No : +91 62838-30308 (Whats App Also Available) Email ID : smart.programming.2101@gmail.com —————————————————————————————————- History Of Computers:- before 18th century – Abacus, Slide Rule, Pascals Calculator, Leibnitz’s Calculator; in 18th century – Difference Engine, Analytical Engine; in 19th century – Five Generations Of Computers

Generations Of Computers :-

1. First Generation Of Computers (1942 – 1954) : The computers of first generation used vacuum tubes as the basic components for memory and circuitry for CPU (Central Processing Unit). These tubes, like electric bulbs, produced a lot of heat and the installations used to fuse frequently. Therefore, they were very expensive and only large organizations were able to afford it. The computers in this generation used machine code as the programming language.

Some computers of this generation were − ENIAC EDVAC UNIVAC IBM-701 IBM-650

2. Second Generation Of Computers (1952 – 1964) : In this generation, transistors were used that were cheaper, consumed less power, more compact in size, more reliable and faster than the first generation machines made of vacuum tubes. In this generation, assembly language and high-level programming languages like FORTRAN, COBOL were used. The computers used batch processing and multiprogramming operating system.

Some computers of this generation were − IBM 1620 IBM 7094 CDC 1604 CDC 3600 UNIVAC 1108

3. Third Generation Of Computers (1964 – 1962) :- The computers of third generation used SSI and MSI Integrated Circuits (ICs) in place of transistors. A single IC has many transistors, resistors, and capacitors along with the associated circuitry. High-level languages (FORTRAN-II TO IV, COBOL, PASCAL PL/1, BASIC, ALGOL-68 etc.) were used during this generation.

Some computers of this generation were −

IBM-360 series Honeywell-6000 series PDP (Personal Data Processor) IBM-370/168 TDC-316

4. Fourth Generation Of Computers (1972-1989) : Computers of fourth generation used Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits. All the high-level languages like C, C++, DBASE etc., were used in this generation.

Some computers of this generation were − DEC 10 STAR 1000 PDP 11 CRAY-1(Super Computer) CRAY-X-MP(Super Computer)

5. Fifth Generation Of Computers (1989 – Present) : In the fifth generation, VLSI technology became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology, resulting in the production of microprocessor chips having ten million electronic components. This generation is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software. AI is an emerging branch in computer science, which interprets the means and method of making computers think like human beings. All the high-level languages like C and C++, Java, .Net etc., are used in this generation.

Some computer types of this generation are – Desktop Laptop NoteBook UltraBook ChromeBook

Visit My Website : n

[pumpkinqueen-bonecollector]

History and Generations of Computers by Deepak (Hindi)

New Post has been published on https://computercoolingstore.com/history-and-generations-of-computers-by-deepak-hindi/

History and Generations of Computers by Deepak (Hindi)

#HistoryOfComputers #Deepak #DeepakPanwar visit my website to get all the java tutorials links (Chapter Wise) :

—————————————————————————————————- Contact to have all-in-one Java training with me. Contact No : +91 62838-30308 (Whats App Also Available) Email ID : smart.programming.2101@gmail.com —————————————————————————————————- History Of Computers:- before 18th century – Abacus, Slide Rule, Pascals Calculator, Leibnitz’s Calculator; in 18th century – Difference Engine, Analytical Engine; in 19th century – Five Generations Of Computers

Generations Of Computers :-

1. First Generation Of Computers (1942 – 1954) : The computers of first generation used vacuum tubes as the basic components for memory and circuitry for CPU (Central Processing Unit). These tubes, like electric bulbs, produced a lot of heat and the installations used to fuse frequently. Therefore, they were very expensive and only large organizations were able to afford it. The computers in this generation used machine code as the programming language.

Some computers of this generation were − ENIAC EDVAC UNIVAC IBM-701 IBM-650

2. Second Generation Of Computers (1952 – 1964) : In this generation, transistors were used that were cheaper, consumed less power, more compact in size, more reliable and faster than the first generation machines made of vacuum tubes. In this generation, assembly language and high-level programming languages like FORTRAN, COBOL were used. The computers used batch processing and multiprogramming operating system.

Some computers of this generation were − IBM 1620 IBM 7094 CDC 1604 CDC 3600 UNIVAC 1108

3. Third Generation Of Computers (1964 – 1962) :- The computers of third generation used SSI and MSI Integrated Circuits (ICs) in place of transistors. A single IC has many transistors, resistors, and capacitors along with the associated circuitry. High-level languages (FORTRAN-II TO IV, COBOL, PASCAL PL/1, BASIC, ALGOL-68 etc.) were used during this generation.

Some computers of this generation were −

IBM-360 series Honeywell-6000 series PDP (Personal Data Processor) IBM-370/168 TDC-316

4. Fourth Generation Of Computers (1972-1989) : Computers of fourth generation used Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits. All the high-level languages like C, C++, DBASE etc., were used in this generation.

Some computers of this generation were − DEC 10 STAR 1000 PDP 11 CRAY-1(Super Computer) CRAY-X-MP(Super Computer)

5. Fifth Generation Of Computers (1989 – Present) : In the fifth generation, VLSI technology became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology, resulting in the production of microprocessor chips having ten million electronic components. This generation is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software. AI is an emerging branch in computer science, which interprets the means and method of making computers think like human beings. All the high-level languages like C and C++, Java, .Net etc., are used in this generation.

Some computer types of this generation are – Desktop Laptop NoteBook UltraBook ChromeBook

Visit My Website : n

[the-etranger]

History and Generations of Computers by Deepak (Hindi)

New Post has been published on https://computercoolingstore.com/history-and-generations-of-computers-by-deepak-hindi/

History and Generations of Computers by Deepak (Hindi)

#HistoryOfComputers #Deepak #DeepakPanwar visit my website to get all the java tutorials links (Chapter Wise) :

—————————————————————————————————- Contact to have all-in-one Java training with me. Contact No : +91 62838-30308 (Whats App Also Available) Email ID : smart.programming.2101@gmail.com —————————————————————————————————- History Of Computers:- before 18th century – Abacus, Slide Rule, Pascals Calculator, Leibnitz’s Calculator; in 18th century – Difference Engine, Analytical Engine; in 19th century – Five Generations Of Computers

Generations Of Computers :-

1. First Generation Of Computers (1942 – 1954) : The computers of first generation used vacuum tubes as the basic components for memory and circuitry for CPU (Central Processing Unit). These tubes, like electric bulbs, produced a lot of heat and the installations used to fuse frequently. Therefore, they were very expensive and only large organizations were able to afford it. The computers in this generation used machine code as the programming language.

Some computers of this generation were − ENIAC EDVAC UNIVAC IBM-701 IBM-650

2. Second Generation Of Computers (1952 – 1964) : In this generation, transistors were used that were cheaper, consumed less power, more compact in size, more reliable and faster than the first generation machines made of vacuum tubes. In this generation, assembly language and high-level programming languages like FORTRAN, COBOL were used. The computers used batch processing and multiprogramming operating system.

Some computers of this generation were − IBM 1620 IBM 7094 CDC 1604 CDC 3600 UNIVAC 1108

3. Third Generation Of Computers (1964 – 1962) :- The computers of third generation used SSI and MSI Integrated Circuits (ICs) in place of transistors. A single IC has many transistors, resistors, and capacitors along with the associated circuitry. High-level languages (FORTRAN-II TO IV, COBOL, PASCAL PL/1, BASIC, ALGOL-68 etc.) were used during this generation.

Some computers of this generation were −

IBM-360 series Honeywell-6000 series PDP (Personal Data Processor) IBM-370/168 TDC-316

4. Fourth Generation Of Computers (1972-1989) : Computers of fourth generation used Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits. All the high-level languages like C, C++, DBASE etc., were used in this generation.

Some computers of this generation were − DEC 10 STAR 1000 PDP 11 CRAY-1(Super Computer) CRAY-X-MP(Super Computer)

5. Fifth Generation Of Computers (1989 – Present) : In the fifth generation, VLSI technology became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology, resulting in the production of microprocessor chips having ten million electronic components. This generation is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software. AI is an emerging branch in computer science, which interprets the means and method of making computers think like human beings. All the high-level languages like C and C++, Java, .Net etc., are used in this generation.

Some computer types of this generation are – Desktop Laptop NoteBook UltraBook ChromeBook

Visit My Website : n

[fandomstuckdiversity]

History and Generations of Computers by Deepak (Hindi)

New Post has been published on https://computercoolingstore.com/history-and-generations-of-computers-by-deepak-hindi/

History and Generations of Computers by Deepak (Hindi)

#HistoryOfComputers #Deepak #DeepakPanwar visit my website to get all the java tutorials links (Chapter Wise) :

—————————————————————————————————- Contact to have all-in-one Java training with me. Contact No : +91 62838-30308 (Whats App Also Available) Email ID : smart.programming.2101@gmail.com —————————————————————————————————- History Of Computers:- before 18th century – Abacus, Slide Rule, Pascals Calculator, Leibnitz’s Calculator; in 18th century – Difference Engine, Analytical Engine; in 19th century – Five Generations Of Computers

Generations Of Computers :-

1. First Generation Of Computers (1942 – 1954) : The computers of first generation used vacuum tubes as the basic components for memory and circuitry for CPU (Central Processing Unit). These tubes, like electric bulbs, produced a lot of heat and the installations used to fuse frequently. Therefore, they were very expensive and only large organizations were able to afford it. The computers in this generation used machine code as the programming language.

Some computers of this generation were − ENIAC EDVAC UNIVAC IBM-701 IBM-650

2. Second Generation Of Computers (1952 – 1964) : In this generation, transistors were used that were cheaper, consumed less power, more compact in size, more reliable and faster than the first generation machines made of vacuum tubes. In this generation, assembly language and high-level programming languages like FORTRAN, COBOL were used. The computers used batch processing and multiprogramming operating system.

Some computers of this generation were − IBM 1620 IBM 7094 CDC 1604 CDC 3600 UNIVAC 1108

3. Third Generation Of Computers (1964 – 1962) :- The computers of third generation used SSI and MSI Integrated Circuits (ICs) in place of transistors. A single IC has many transistors, resistors, and capacitors along with the associated circuitry. High-level languages (FORTRAN-II TO IV, COBOL, PASCAL PL/1, BASIC, ALGOL-68 etc.) were used during this generation.

Some computers of this generation were −

IBM-360 series Honeywell-6000 series PDP (Personal Data Processor) IBM-370/168 TDC-316

4. Fourth Generation Of Computers (1972-1989) : Computers of fourth generation used Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits. All the high-level languages like C, C++, DBASE etc., were used in this generation.

Some computers of this generation were − DEC 10 STAR 1000 PDP 11 CRAY-1(Super Computer) CRAY-X-MP(Super Computer)

5. Fifth Generation Of Computers (1989 – Present) : In the fifth generation, VLSI technology became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology, resulting in the production of microprocessor chips having ten million electronic components. This generation is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software. AI is an emerging branch in computer science, which interprets the means and method of making computers think like human beings. All the high-level languages like C and C++, Java, .Net etc., are used in this generation.

Some computer types of this generation are – Desktop Laptop NoteBook UltraBook ChromeBook

Visit My Website : n

[acid-bvrn]

History and Generations of Computers by Deepak (Hindi)

New Post has been published on https://computercoolingstore.com/history-and-generations-of-computers-by-deepak-hindi/

History and Generations of Computers by Deepak (Hindi)

#HistoryOfComputers #Deepak #DeepakPanwar visit my website to get all the java tutorials links (Chapter Wise) :

—————————————————————————————————- Contact to have all-in-one Java training with me. Contact No : +91 62838-30308 (Whats App Also Available) Email ID : smart.programming.2101@gmail.com —————————————————————————————————- History Of Computers:- before 18th century – Abacus, Slide Rule, Pascals Calculator, Leibnitz’s Calculator; in 18th century – Difference Engine, Analytical Engine; in 19th century – Five Generations Of Computers

Generations Of Computers :-

1. First Generation Of Computers (1942 – 1954) : The computers of first generation used vacuum tubes as the basic components for memory and circuitry for CPU (Central Processing Unit). These tubes, like electric bulbs, produced a lot of heat and the installations used to fuse frequently. Therefore, they were very expensive and only large organizations were able to afford it. The computers in this generation used machine code as the programming language.

Some computers of this generation were − ENIAC EDVAC UNIVAC IBM-701 IBM-650

2. Second Generation Of Computers (1952 – 1964) : In this generation, transistors were used that were cheaper, consumed less power, more compact in size, more reliable and faster than the first generation machines made of vacuum tubes. In this generation, assembly language and high-level programming languages like FORTRAN, COBOL were used. The computers used batch processing and multiprogramming operating system.

Some computers of this generation were − IBM 1620 IBM 7094 CDC 1604 CDC 3600 UNIVAC 1108

3. Third Generation Of Computers (1964 – 1962) :- The computers of third generation used SSI and MSI Integrated Circuits (ICs) in place of transistors. A single IC has many transistors, resistors, and capacitors along with the associated circuitry. High-level languages (FORTRAN-II TO IV, COBOL, PASCAL PL/1, BASIC, ALGOL-68 etc.) were used during this generation.

Some computers of this generation were −

IBM-360 series Honeywell-6000 series PDP (Personal Data Processor) IBM-370/168 TDC-316

4. Fourth Generation Of Computers (1972-1989) : Computers of fourth generation used Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits. All the high-level languages like C, C++, DBASE etc., were used in this generation.

Some computers of this generation were − DEC 10 STAR 1000 PDP 11 CRAY-1(Super Computer) CRAY-X-MP(Super Computer)

5. Fifth Generation Of Computers (1989 – Present) : In the fifth generation, VLSI technology became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology, resulting in the production of microprocessor chips having ten million electronic components. This generation is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software. AI is an emerging branch in computer science, which interprets the means and method of making computers think like human beings. All the high-level languages like C and C++, Java, .Net etc., are used in this generation.

Some computer types of this generation are – Desktop Laptop NoteBook UltraBook ChromeBook

Visit My Website : n

[shankerjaikishen-the-unbeatables]

Singer C. Ramchandra

Musician Ramchandra Narhar Chitalkar alias C. The birth centenary of Ramchandra (and Anna) will begin on January 12. His career has continued to grow as a Hindi film musician. He also sang about thirty five songs as a singer. His Hindi songs are known to the audience, but other non-fame songs have been forgotten a few. Reminiscent of these different aspects of the birth centime.

Ramchandra Narhar Chitalkar (born January 12, 1918) is the musician C. The birth centenary of Ramchandra (and close proximity) is being started on 12th January 2017. His career as a composer continued to burn forever. In his career of 1942 to 1972, he composed more than eight hundred songs in 120 Hindi, seven Marathi, five Tamil, three Telugu and one Bhojpuri Bolp. He has sung more than 35 songs in it. All his songs in Hindi talkie are well aware of KNS. Their details have been written by the choreographer Faith Neerurkar. However, 'singer C. Ramchandra ', his introduction into a little confused, because of his birth centenary years, this attempt to light some of the songs he sang as a singer.

In the autobiography of 'The Life of My Life' and 'b. B. C. T. In an interview on V. 'Anna came to the film to become a hero.' He played the role of Naika through the Marathi talkie of 'Naganand' and 1966 'Dhananjay' and he started throwing it back. He acted in these talkies and also sang songs. The music of 'Naganand' by Vamanrao Sadolikar. C. Ramchandra sang a singing song and sang a duet with Azambhai. Unfortunately, this talk continued till midway and the theater was taken away when the audience got up. He never saw anything again. But two years ago, I got to see him unexpectedly in the Pune archive. Listening to songs of Bhimpalas and Bageshri's favorite fasts. Next 'Dhananjay' and 'Ek two-three' with Mahendra Kapoor, 'Dharmapatni' has his songs with Suman Kalyanpur. They have sung in the Marathi talkies of 'Gharakul' and 'Sant Nivrutan Gyanadev' in their music. His voice is the last of his career and fifty years after his conversion.

Around 1938, the music company named Rainbow was started in Mumbai with the initiative of composer Naushad (Ali). Within a few years she stopped. But there c Ramchandra's two Marathi songs have been recorded in the name of Master Ram Chitalkar. The words are 'Nattavishi in the Lord' and 'Shyama bhagni Murli Manohar'! On the label is the name of Sadashiva Nevrekar as a composer. Today two songs are available only to subscribers. There is a lot of noise in the voice of Anna, but the learner thinks of the students. When the name of the label was not known, senior recorder Prabhakar Datar received eight records in the thieves of Mumbai. In particular, Anna remembered that at the house of the Dataras, Kurla went home and heard it once.

During the 1970s 78 songs were closed. But at the same time, Anna had kept many non-fiction songs printed. In the year 1964, he had printed the song of Congress party campaign. His words are: 'Dhyani Dhar Raan, Dhyani Dhar Maa Chale, Baljodi Chitamhoron Karat Mahor Khuli' .. This rare sound record distributed by the Maharashtra Pradesh Congress Committee, Dadar was found in the thieves of Mulund Bhave. As a singer and composer on white label Ramchandra has written it. Not a poet's name, but c. D It is possible that this design of Madgulkar is possible. In the composition of Ram Ghulam in 1966, 'Shree Saibaba Powada', Anna printed 78-speed record in two parts. This is a special way to listen. They were self-righteous. In 1968, Long Running Records came in the form of 'Srisi Darbar'. It has Hindi and Marathi songs. In 1999, its C D. was distributed in the name of 'Shradha-Saburi'. There are two songs in Anna's voice. 'Geet Gopal' was Anna Hazare's program for Krishna Katha. C. D The songs of Madgulkar did not get much popularity, but Ramkathe's song 'Ramayana' did not get much popularity. His songs and songs were Anna Hazare. Keep it all in two c. Available in D.

Between 1965 and 1975, many songs by Saint Gyanadeva, Sant Tukaram, Meerabai, Mirza Ghalib and the famous poets of Marathi were performed by the veterans and it became popular too. Apart from this, Meera and Ghalib did other experiments, except Anna. Songs from the 'Saint Nivrutan Gyanadev' BolPet and the voice of their voices are very good. In 1979, Tukaram's seven works were distributed on the company's record of 'Innero'. It is an idol of Panduranga, which is kept in the middle of the cloak, while the lower part is the photo of the tie cast. In the year 1972, they recorded two childrens. Out of these he has four songs sung. 'Both of them got the benefit of the fight,' 'Kolhya's Fajita', 'Lions and Rats' and 'Frogs and bulls' have come in those songs. These songs belong to Shantaram Nandgaonkar. Another record is that of the singer Sushma Shrestha, which has four songs, there are four songs by Shanta Shelke. 'Maa Nahin Nahin Nahi Dada' and 'Maru Frogk Udi' are still heard. In the year 1975, two Hindi-language songs were released. One of them singed four songs from Pushpa Pagadhare, while another person called himself four songs. The creator was - Saraswati Kumar Deepak In 1974, he sang the play 'Lavani Bhulali Abhangala' and sang four songs, Vishwanath Bhagal.

In all these times, he used to go out of film music. In 1977, the Enrique Company brought a record called 'Vocational'. Two of Suresh Bhat's ('I wake up early in the morning' and 'Magata did not come here)' and two poems of Kusumagraj ('Navlak Talpati Deep Electricity Jeth' and 'Desh Desh Desh Din's Shudas'! Kusumagrajas describing the mood of Mumbai She wrote letters to the wife.) They also tried and made singing. He loved Bhausaheb Patankar's compositions in Sharonshayri and presented it in a private concert. He has made beautiful moves for the works of Vasant Ninave, Mangesh Padgaonkar and Anna Joshi. Such songs are 22 songs. D. It was published in 2009. It is heard in the eighty-decade melodramatic songs. Although the words of the song are read only, it has to be done in the mind of Kansena. 'Wait awhile, Rai Vithu', 'Lord has come to your door!'

Born in January 1918, Anna left this world on 5th January 1982 - this month. But hundreds of thousands of songs have been kept on the back of the melody. Those songs are non-existent. Both their children have settled abroad. Anna often went abroad. They played private concerts. In such a private concert, they open more. Many of the songs have a lot of memories and tales. It is always an immortal song called 'A Mere Vatanake Logo'. Thankfully, some of their sound recordings are still available to the collector. His only book, 'My Life's Gram', however controversial, has become a part of history. Therefore, this autobiography must be translated into Hindi and English. Let's hope that this will take somebody's work for future generations on this birthday.

Suresh Chandwankar chandvankar.suresh@gmail.com

Courtesy : https://www.loksatta.com/lekha-news/the-c-ramchandra-life-story-1378876/

[allbestnet]

And 116 more

Confessions of a Public Speaker - By Scott Berkun

Seeking Wisdom: From Darwin to Munger - By Peter Bevelin

Poke the Box - By Seth Godin

Moonwalking With Einstein: The Art and Science of Remembering Everything - By Joshua Foer

Turning Pro: Tap Your Inner Power and Create Your Life's Work - By Steven Pressfield

The Icarus Deception: How High Will You Fly? - By Seth Godin

How to Fail at Almost Everything and Still Win Big: Kind of the Story of My Life - By Scott Adams

Self-Reliance - By Ralph Waldo Emerson

Choose Yourself! - By James Altucher

Town Inc: Grow Your Business. Save Your Town. Leave Your Legacy. - By Andrew M Davis

How to Read a Book: The Classic Guide to Intelligent Reading - By Mortimer J. Adler and Charles Van Doren

The Greatest Salesman in the World - By Og Mandino

How to Win Friends & Influence People - By Dale Carnegie

The Power of Your Subconscious Mind - By Joseph Murphy

Quantum Leap Thinking: An Owner's Guide to the Mind - By James Mapes

Body Language - By Allan Pease

The Art of Acting - By Stella Adler

A Guide to the Good Life: The Ancient Art of Stoic Joy - By William B. Irvine

Build Your Resilience: How to Survive and Thrive in Any Situation - By Donald Robertson

You 2: A High Velocity Formula for Multiplying Your Personal Effectiveness in Quantum Leaps - By Price Pritchett

Moneyball: The Art of Winning an Unfair Game - By Michael Lewis

The Big Short: Inside the Doomsday Machine - By Michael Lewis

House of Lies: How Management Consultants Steal Your Watch and Then Tell You the Time - By Martin Kihn

Who Says Elephants Can't Dance?: Leading a Great Enterprise through Dramatic Change - By Louis V., Jr. Gerstner

Get Back in the Box: How Being Great at What You Do Is Great for Business - By Douglas Rushkoff

Networking with the Affluent - By Thomas Stanley

Nuts! - By  Kevin Freiberg and Jackie Freiberg

Non-Manipulative Selling - By Tony Alessandra

The New New Thing: A Silicon Valley Story - By Michael J. Lewis

Founders at Work: Stories of Startups' Early Days - By Jessica Livingston

Start with Why: How Great Leaders Inspire Everyone to Take Action - By Simon Sinek

Crossing the Chasm: Marketing and Selling High-Tech Products to Mainstream Customers - By Geoffrey A. Moore

The Snowball: Warren Buffett and the Business of Life - By Alice Schroeder

Atlas Shrugged - By Ayn Rand

Delivering Happiness: A Path to Profits, Passion, and Purpose - By Tony Hsieh

The Dragonfly Effect: Quick, Effective, and Powerful Ways To Use Social Media to Drive Social Change - By Jennifer Aaker and Andy Smith

The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century - By Thomas L. Friedman

Purple Cow: Transform Your Business by Being Remarkable - By Seth Godin

Liar's Poker - By Michael Lewis

The Soul of A New Machine - By Tracy Kidder

Linked: How Everything Is Connected to Everything Else and What It Means for Business, Science, and Everyday Life - By Albert-Laszlo Barabasi

Only the Paranoid Survive: How to Exploit the Crisis Points That Challenge Every Company - By Andrew S. Grove

Living on the Fault Line: Managing for Shareholder Value in Any Economy - By Geoffrey A. Moore

The Four Steps to the Epiphany: Successful Strategies for Products that Win - By Steven Gary Blank

Leadership - By Rudolph W. Giuliani

Talent is Overrated: What Really Separates World-Class Performers from Everybody Else - By Geoff Colvin

The Seven-Day Weekend: Changing the Way Work Works - By Ricardo Semler

The Great Game of Business: Unlocking the Power and Profitability of Open-Book Management - By Jack Stack

Words That Change Minds: Mastering the Language of Influence - By Charvet Shelle Rose

Figuring Out People: Reading People Using Meta-Programs - By L. Michael Hall and Bob G. Bodenhamer

NLP: The Essential Guide to Neuro-Linguistic Programming - By Tom Dotz, Tom Hoobyar, and Susan Sanders

Persuasion Engineering - By Richard Bandler and John LA Valle

Wired for Story: The Writer's Guide to Using Brain Science to Hook Readers from the Very First Sentence - By Lisa Cron

Gestures: The Do's and Taboos of Body Language Around the World - By Roger E. Axtell

The Power of Eye Contact: Your Secret for Success in Business, Love, and Life - By Michael Ellsberg

A Calendar of Wisdom: Daily Thoughts to Nourish the Soul - By Leo Tolstoy

A New Earth: Awakening to Your Life's Purpose - By Eckhart Tolle

Elements of Wit: Mastering the Art of Being Interesting - By Benjamin Errett

The Like Switch: An Ex-FBI Agent's Guide to Influencing, Attracting, and Winning People Over - By Jack Schafer

Find Out Anything From Anyone, Anytime: Secrets of Calculated Questioning From a Veteran Interrogator - By James Pyle and Maryann Karinch

One Million in the Bank: How To Make $1,000,000 With Your Own Business Even If You Have No Money or Experience - By Michael L. F. Slavin

The Law of Success In Sixteen Lessons - By Napoleon Hill

Outwitting the Devil: The Secret to Freedom and Success - By Napoleon Hill

The Science of Being Great - By Wallace D Wattles

The Science of Getting Rich - By Wallace D. Wattles

Maximum Achievement: Strategies and Skills That Will Unlock Your Hidden Powers to Succeed - By Brian Tracy

Humble Inquiry: The Gentle Art of Asking Instead of Telling - By Edgar H Schein

Leaders Make the Future: Ten New Leadership Skills for an Uncertain World - By Bob Johansen

The 7 Levels of Change: Different Thinking for Different Results - By Rolf Smith

Before You Think Another Thought: An Illustrated Guide to Understanding How Your Thoughts and Beliefs Create Your Life - By Bruce I. Doyle

Thinkertoys: A Handbook of Creative-Thinking Techniques - By Michael Michalko

Strategy of the Dolphin: Scoring a Win in a Chaotic World - By Dudley Lynch

The Dinosaur Strain: The Survivor's Guide to Personal and Business Success - By Mark Brown

The Art of Public Speaking - By Dale Carnegie

Public Speaking & Influencing Men In Business - By Dale Carnegie

How to Develop Self-Confidence And Influence People By Public Speaking - By Dale Carnegie

The Quick and Easy Way to Effective Speaking - By Dale Carnegie

Your Voice and How to Use It: The Classic Guide to Speaking with Confidence - By Cicely Berry O.B.E.

Perfect Phrases for Icebreakers: Hundreds of Ready-to-Use Phrases to Set the Stage for Productive Conversations, Meetings, and Events - By Meryl Runion and Diane Windingland

Love Your Voice: Use Your Speaking Voice to Create Success, Self-Confidence, and Star-Like Charisma! - By Roger Love

Customer Satisfaction Is Worthless, Customer Loyalty Is Priceless: How to Make Customers Love You, Keep Them Coming Back and Tell Everyone They Know - By Jeffery Gitomer

Getting Naked: A Business Fable About Shedding The Three Fears That Sabotage Client Loyalty - By Patrick Lencioni

Customer Loyalty: How to Earn It, How to Keep It - By Jill Griffin

Secret Service: Hidden Systems That Deliver Unforgettable Customer Service - By John R. DiJulius III

Be Our Guest: Perfecting the Art of Customer Service - By The Disney Institute and Theodore Kinni

The Thank You Economy - By Gary Vaynerchuk

What's the Secret: To Providing a World-Class Customer Experience - By John R. DiJulius

Inspired: How To Create Products Customers Love - By  Marty Cagan

Raving Fans!: Revolutionary Approach to Customer Service - By Kenneth H. Blanchard and Sheldon Bowles

Beans: Four Principles for Running a Business in Good Times or Bad - By Leslie Yerkes and Charles Decker

The Amazement Revolution: Seven Customer Service Strategies to Create an Amazing Customer (and Employee) Experience - By Shep Hyken

The Starbucks Experience: 5 Principles for Turning Ordinary Into Extraordinary - By Joseph Michelli

Managing the Customer Experience: Turning customers into advocates - By Shaun Smith and Joe Wheeler

Strategic Customer Service: Managing the Customer Experience to Increase Positive Word of Mouth, Build Loyalty, and Maximize Profits - By John A. Goodman

Exceptional Service, Exceptional Profit: The Secrets of Building a Five-Star Customer Service Organization - By Leonardo Inghilleri and Micah Solomon

Chocolates on the Pillow Aren't Enough: Reinventing The Customer Experience - By Jonathan M. Tisch

The Effortless Experience: Conquering the New Battleground for Customer Loyalty - ByMatthew Dixon, Nick Toman  and Rick DeLisi

The New Gold Standard: 5 Leadership Principles for Creating a Legendary Customer Experience Courtesy of the Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company - By Joseph Michelli

Raise the Bar: An Action-Based Method for Maximum Customer Reactions - By Jon Taffer

The Challenger Customer: Selling to the Hidden Influencer Who Can Multiply Your Results - By Brent Adamson, Matthew Dixon and Pat Spenner

Customers for Life: How to Turn That One-Time Buyer Into a Lifetime Customer - By Carl Sewell and Paul B. Brown

Your Call Is (Not That) Important to Us: Customer Service and What It Reveals About Our World and Our Lives - By Emily Yellin

"I Love You More Than My Dog": Five Decisions That Drive Extreme Customer Loyalty in Good Times and Bad - By Jeanne Bliss

The Loyalty Effect: The Hidden Force Behind Growth, Profits, and Lasting Value - By Frederick F. Reichheld and Thomas Teal

The Best Service is No Service: How to Liberate Your Customers from Customer Service, Keep Them Happy, and Control Costs - By  Bill Price and David Jaffe

Anything You Want - By Derek Sivers

Trust Agents: Using the Web to Build Influence, Improve Reputation, and Earn Trust - By Chris Brogan and Julien Smith

The Happiness Advantage: The Seven Principles of Positive Psychology That Fuel Success and Performance at Work - By Shawn Achor

Innovation and Entrepreneurship - By Peter F. Drucker

The Seven Spiritual Laws of Success: A Practical Guide to the Fulfillment of Your Dreams - By Deepak Chopra

The Power of Myth - By  Joseph Campbell and Bill Moyers

The Incredible, Unforgettable Adventures of Jaxby - By Rose DeNaro

Food and Western Disease: Health and Nutrition from an Evolutionary Perspective - By Staffan Lindeberg

You Are a Badass: How to Stop Doubting Your Greatness and Start Living an Awesome Life - By Jen Sincero

The Slight Edge: Turning Simple Disciplines into Massive Success and Happiness - By Jeff Olson and John David Mann

Nourishing Broth: An Old-Fashioned Remedy for the Modern World - By Sally Fallon Morell and Kaayla T. Daniel

[diyscholar]

Domain 3 : The Sciences

The DIY Scholar came into to being to expand my ideas and opinions and skills. There are 17 subjects that constitute the Program. 15 of them are domain centric and 2 of them are variable focused.

Domain centric - the subjects fall under the umbrellas of the Arts, the Sciences and the Humanities.

Variable focused - reading the assigned texts and taking MOOCs.

This post’s aim is to share with you the syllabus I have designed for myself in the domain of the Sciences. In here you will find the subjects I have decided to study and the learning materials I have assigned for them.

1. Python 

 Before we can think about making a computer bend to our wishes we need to know what does it mean to compute. Among the plethora of programming languages out there Python, as far as my research and survey went, seemed a nice place to start. 

To accompany John Guttag’s book is John Guttag’s series of lectures titled ‘Introduction to Computer Science and Programming’ at MIT.

‘Introduction to Computer Science and Programming’ by John Guttag

2. Mathematics

A little bit of Math never hurt nobody. I want my interest in Science to pay off to an extent where I may be able to understand ideas in a mathematical context. And for that tutoring and practice is the best option. To bolster my understand and my interest I have assigned myself the following texts.

Tom Leighton, the cofounder of Akamai, the legendary tech company takes a class at MIT conveniently (in my case) titled ‘Mathematics for Computer Science’. These texts are to be accompanied by the rigour of Leighton’s lectures.

‘Mathematics for Computer Science’ by Tom Leighton

For a better understanding of a rich history of Mathematics in India I have also prescribed a series of lectures given at IIT Bombay titled, ‘Mathematics in India - From Vedic Period to Modern Times’, delivered by M.D. Srinivas, M.S. Sriram and K. Ramasubramanian.

‘Mathematics in India - From Vedic Period to Modern Times’ by M.D. Srinivas, M.S. Sriram and K. Ramasubramanian.

3. Biology

Biology is a science whose time has come. To understand the impact and the mechanics of Biology I have assigned myself these texts. 

In parallel, I plan to pay close attention to the video lectures of Robert Sapolsky’s course at Stanford titled, ‘Human Behavioural Biology’. Along with that I also intend to brush up and update my Biology basics with Robert Weinberg’s ‘Introduction to Biology’ course at MIT. 

‘Human Behavioural Biology’ by Robert Sapolsky

‘Introduction to Biology’ by Robert Weinberg

The text, ‘The Emerging Mind’, is based on a series of talks under the auspices of the ‘BBC Reith Lectures Series’ by V.S. Ramachandran in 2003. 

‘The Emerging Mind’ by V.S. Ramachandran

4. Psychology

I want to make sense of myself in relation to my mind and no science can more clearly provide me answers for this search than Psychology. The reason for the addition of Psychology is for me to intuitively grasp and concatenate ideas with respect to Biology as well. Here are the assigned texts.

Coupled with these assigned texts are two lecture series. The first is titled ‘Introduction to Psychology’ and its given by Paul Bloom at Yale. The second is titled ‘Philosophy and Science of Human Nature’ and its given by Tamar Gendler at (once again) Yale. 

‘Introduction to Psychology’ by Paul Bloom

‘Philosophy and Science of Human Nature’ by Tamar Gendler

5. Artificial Intelligence

Probably the most important innovations in the coming few decades will be in the field of Artificial Intelligence. Its invention and reasoning techniques will disrupt industries and change the way we live. I think its very important to have a decent understanding of the mechanics of the ideas in Artificial Intelligence as it can aide in our betterment.

Deepak Khemani’s lectures on Artificial Intelligence at IIT Madras have been prescribed along with his book, ‘A First Course in Artificial Intelligence’. Also assigned are the series of lectures given by Patrick Winston at MIT titled ‘Artificial Intelligence’. In addition, for the sheer joy of what boundless imagination and creativity looks like, I have assigned myself a series a lectures delivered by Marvin Minsky at MIT titled ‘The Society of Mind’ which has Marvin’s book, ‘The Emotion Machine’ as its primary text.

‘Artificial Intelligence’ by Deepak Khemani

‘Artificial Intelligence’ by Patrick Winston

‘The Society of Mind’ by Marvin Minsky

This effectively brings me to the end of my syllabus/ curriculum design in the Sciences domain with respect to my DIY Scholar Program.

Thanks for reading.

[redabiz2]

Discovering How Your Subconscious Mind Rules Your Behavior

By Maria Fox

While behavioral and applied psychology has proved beyond a shadow of a doubt that environment and surroundings can effect behavior, there is a new book which proves behavior can be based on the subconscious. Subliminal: how your subconscious mind rules your behavior, written by Leonard Mlodinow, a theoretical physicist, is the first book to examine this new discovery in the field of psychology. Mlodinow has been recognized for a number of groundbreaking discoveries in math and physics. In addition, the author has a passion for making scientific fact and science available to the general public. With five books on the New York Times list of best sellers including two which were co-authored with Stephen Hawking and Deepak Chopra, Mlodinow has already become one of the most successful authors and physicists in history. In addition to these major publications, Leonard has also contributed to a number of journals, newspapers and periodicals. Whereas, the author has appeared on media programs such as Morning Joe, ABC's Nightline and Through the Wormhole to name a few. In addition, to writing self-help books, Mlodinow has also written for television which included scripts for Star Trek: The Next Generation an MacGyver. Leonard was born to holocaust survivors, a father who spent time in a concentration camp and a mother who was housed in a labor camp. General Patton liberated Mlodinow's father in 1945, though it is unclear as to how Leonard's mother was liberated from the labor camp. While the two never knew one another during the holocaust, the couple met in Brooklyn, New York in 1948, fell in love and were married the same year. Initially having attended Brandeis University in Massachusetts, Leonard dropped out of college in 1972. Upon doing so, Mlodinow traveled to Israel on a work kibbutz. At which time, the young worker and student fell in love with physics. A love which most likely came to pass after having read several books by infamous author and physicist Richard Feyman. For, Feyman's books were the only books in the kibbutz library which were written in the English language. Upon returning home from Israel, Leonard added physics to a double major of chemistry and math and began work towards a doctoral degree in physics at University California Berkeley. In the process, Mlodinow in preparing a final thesis, worked with Nikos Papanicolaou to develop a new application for problem solving in infinite dimensions. After which, the two discovered that corrections were necessary in order to prove that the world in which humans live is a three dimensional one. Upon graduating from Berkeley, Mlodinow acquired a faculty position at Caltech, becoming a Bantrell Fellow in theoretical physics. It is most likely that fellowship which resulted in Leonard's traveling to Germany, where the young author and physicist attended the Max-Planck-Institute for Physics and Astrophysics. While at the institute, Mlodinow received a second fellowship, becoming an Alexander von Humboldt Fellow before returning home to America in 2005. After returning home, the physicist and author returned to the faculty at California Institute of Technology teaching math and physics. After which, Mlodinow continued writing books while teaching until 2013, when the author left the institute to write full time. Since that time, Leonard has released two other books, The Upright Thinkers in 2015 and Elastic in 2018, while continuing to lecture, travel and write on a regular basis.

About the Author:

Discover how your subconscious mind rules your behavior by reading the informative posts that are published by our therapist at http://bit.ly/2tlW2H0.

Discovering How Your Subconscious Mind Rules Your Behavior via Lose weight with REDA http://bit.ly/2GnZqHo

[smartprogramming]

History Of Computers:- before 18th century - Abacus, Slide Rule, Pascals Calculator, Leibnitz's Calculator; in 18th century - Difference Engine, Analytical Engine; in 19th century - Five Generations Of Computers Generations Of Computers :- 1. First Generation Of Computers (1942 - 1954) : The computers of first generation used vacuum tubes as the basic components for memory and circuitry for CPU (Central Processing Unit). These tubes, like electric bulbs, produced a lot of heat and the installations used to fuse frequently. Therefore, they were very expensive and only large organizations were able to afford it. The computers in this generation used machine code as the programming language. Some computers of this generation were −    ENIAC    EDVAC    UNIVAC    IBM-701    IBM-650 2. Second Generation Of Computers (1952 - 1964) : In this generation, transistors were used that were cheaper, consumed less power, more compact in size, more reliable and faster than the first generation machines made of vacuum tubes. In this generation, assembly language and high-level programming languages like FORTRAN, COBOL were used. The computers used batch processing and multiprogramming operating system. Some computers of this generation were −    IBM 1620    IBM 7094    CDC 1604    CDC 3600    UNIVAC 1108 3. Third Generation Of Computers (1964 - 1962) :- The computers of third generation used SSI and MSI Integrated Circuits (ICs) in place of transistors. A single IC has many transistors, resistors, and capacitors along with the associated circuitry. High-level languages (FORTRAN-II TO IV, COBOL, PASCAL PL/1, BASIC, ALGOL-68 etc.) were used during this generation. Some computers of this generation were −    IBM-360 series    Honeywell-6000 series    PDP (Personal Data Processor)    IBM-370/168    TDC-316 4. Fourth Generation Of Computers (1972-1989) : Computers of fourth generation used Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits. All the high-level languages like C, C++, DBASE etc., were used in this generation. Some computers of this generation were −    DEC 10    STAR 1000    PDP 11    CRAY-1(Super Computer)    CRAY-X-MP(Super Computer) 5. Fifth Generation Of Computers (1989 - Present) : In the fifth generation, VLSI technology became ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology, resulting in the production of microprocessor chips having ten million electronic components. This generation is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software. AI is an emerging branch in computer science, which interprets the means and method of making computers think like human beings. All the high-level languages like C and C++, Java, .Net etc., are used in this generation. Some computer types of this generation are -    Desktop    Laptop    NoteBook    UltraBook    ChromeBook