#how to use dtu calculator

[derekhals]

Seven Strategies For Excellence As A Federal Government Job Hunter In India

In India, securing a government job is very desirable because of its stability, advantages, as well as stature. Having said that, along with intense competition and complex recruitment processes, aiming prospects need to have an important method to attract attention.

7 Reliable Techniques For Success As A Federal Government Job Hunter In India

Remain Upgraded along with Freejobalert

Freejobalert is a prominent system that offers prompt updates on authorities job openings, exam dates, and also application due dates. By signing up for Freejobalert, you may remain before the competition as well as ensure you never miss out on an opportunity. Frequently examine their internet site or register to their e-mail notifications to get instantaneous updates on job positions.

Know the Employment Process

Federal government bsphcl recruitment procedures often include numerous phases, featuring composed assessments, interviews, as well as document confirmation. Acquaint on your own with the specific requirements and also variety standards for the positions you have an interest in. Pay attention to the test design, curriculum, and noting program to modify your prep work appropriately.

Expert Online Application Techniques

Most amdavad municipal corporation apply online are provided online by means of formal gateways. Guarantee you possess a trustworthy world wide web hookup and also acquaint on your own along with the internet treatment procedure well earlier. Ascertain all the demanded fields, attachments, as well as remittance methods to steer clear of any mistakes or even omissions that could possibly suspend your application.

Construct a Solid Resume and also Cover Character

Your resume and cover letter offer as your impression on recruiters. Tailor your resume to highlight appropriate skill-sets, certifications, as well as experiences that align with the job criteria. Create an engaging cover letter that showcases your interest for the position and also illustrates how you can easily support the company's objectives. To dtu apply online, prospects generally need to make a profile on the company's website, fill out an application, publish their resume, and also occasionally full online evaluations or examinations as required by the company.

Prepare Extensively for Assessments and also Meetings

Results in government job tests and also interviews requires diligent prep work. Develop a research study schedule as well as make use of resources such as previous year inquiry papers, study products, and on the web mock examinations to develop your know-how and test-taking skills. Practice answering usual interview questions and take part in simulated job interviews to build self-confidence and buff your communication skills.

Keep Persistent and Person

The bsphcl recruitment procedure may be long and competitive, usually including a number of spheres of assessment as well as choice. Stay client and consistent throughout the method, even though you experience misfortunes or even first rejections. Always keep honing your skill-sets, picking up from each adventure, as well as sustaining a favorable mindset in the direction of accomplishing your objective.

Network and Find Advice

Networking with experts presently functioning in the authorities industry may provide valuable ideas and also support. Join job exhibitions, seminars, and making contacts occasions to grow your professional connections and also profit from others' experiences. Additionally, think about joining internet forums, social networks teams, or even mentorship systems committed to authorities job aspirants to exchange relevant information and also assistance each other.

Lastly, securing a federal government job in India needs proactive attempt, calculated preparing, and ongoing understanding. Through staying improved along with platforms like Freejobalert, recognizing the employment procedure, understanding on-line treatments, building a strong profile, thorough planning, patience, and also media, you can easily enhance your possibilities of excellence in the competitive world of federal government job employment. Remember to keep paid attention to your targets, are determined by means of difficulties, and also adapt to transforming scenarios to achieve your aspiration job in everyone sector.

[jcmarchi]

AI predicts flooding - Technology Org

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/ai-predicts-flooding-technology-org/

AI predicts flooding - Technology Org

The weather of the future will be significantly wetter. Artificial intelligence can be used to develop early warning systems that can buy time to mitigate flood damage and to plan good systems to divert water away.

Much of Jammerbugt Municipality consists of low-lying areas that are at risk of flooding in heavy and persistent rain. Pictured are flooded areas along the Ryå river. Image credit: Jammerbugt Municipality

Susanne Nielsen realizes that it is probably only a matter of time before her parents’ summer house at Slettestrand in North Jutland is affected by flooding. Because under the house, which is just 400 meters from the bay of Jammerbugt in the municipality of the same name, the groundwater level is now often so high that there is a risk that large amounts of rain will not be able to seep away, but rather enter the house.

“It’s a concern we have if we get a lot of rain,” she admits.

To give residents and decision-makers the best chance to protect themselves against flooding in the area, researchers from DTU have helped Jammerbugt Municipality develop an early warning tool. It can provide 48 hours’ notice of local flooding along rivers, streams, and coastal areas in the municipality. It is the first of its kind to provide local flood warnings.

“It will give us time to react if necessary, so it will be a huge help,” says Susanne Nielsen from her home in Aalborg – some 40 kilometres away from the summer house which she looks after for her parents, who live in Norway.

Complex nature, complex calculations

The tool – a so-called ‘wet index’ – is based on artificial intelligence trained on freely available data on dynamics that influence the risk of flooding. Data comes from satellite imagery and weather forecasts, as well as information on ground and seawater levels and the topography of the landscape.

However, the movement and accumulation of water in open landscapes are difficult to calculate because many parameters affect how water moves and accumulates. To handle this complexity, artificial intelligence was used in the development of the model behind the wet index.

By utilizing specific design principles in the construction of the model and feeding it with carefully selected data, the researchers have incorporated an understanding of water movement, distribution, and interaction with the surrounding environment, according to Roland Löwe. He is one of the developers of the wet index and an Associate Professor at DTU specializing in how water behaves.

Both ups and downs

Jammerbugt Municipality tested the tool in 2023. The results show better than expected predictions for the wet spring months. However, during the summer period, when Denmark was almost drought-stricken, the tool incorrectly predicted flooding in the same areas that had been flooded during the rainy spring.

The incorrect predictions were due to the tool being trained with too little data from the summer months. This is because satellites cannot register water beneath vegetation and given that fx. fields are covered by plants during the summer, the data set at that time of the year is smaller.

“An early warning needs to be relatively accurate for citizens to trust the system. This is why we chose to do a trial run, where only selected citizens have checked it regularly – and where we as a municipality had drones in the air to validate predictions,” explains Project Manager Heidi Egeberg Johansen from Jammerbugt Municipality.

However, she emphasizes that the overall experience is that the project partners have created a tool with great potential. Therefore, the municipality is seeking funding to re-train and possibly adjust the model, which will be offline until that work has taken place, says Heidi Egeberg Johansen.

Faster calculations and decisions

Accurate calculations are crucial – not only when citizens and emergency services need to get water tubes and sandbags ready, but also when, for example, municipalities need to decide how best to expand their drainage systems to handle the wetter climate of the future. Traditional simulations can easily produce rock-solid calculations of systems’ ability to divert water under different scenarios – but according to Roland Löwe, they take forever to complete.

“In practice, this means that every time planners need to analyze something, they have to hire consultants who disappear into a box for two months before they can come back with results. And that’s just too inconvenient,” he explains. 

To shorten the computation time while maintaining the physical accuracy, the researchers rely on scientific machine learning, a branch of artificial intelligence that combines two different approaches.

Two approaches in one

One is machine learning, where a computer figures out how to analyze a large amount of data and makes predictions without having a theoretical understanding of the phenomena it is analysing. The spam filter in your email or the facial recognition feature in your phone are examples of machine learning.

The other approach is scientific computing, which can, for example, simulate physical processes, which in this case is how water moves through a given space under the influence of several factors.

“The advantage of combining the two approaches is that you get machine learning models that have a built-in understanding of how the system is expected to behave. This helps to ensure that the models generate fast predictions that make sense physically and aren’t all over the place, which can be a problem with machine learning models,” says Roland Löwe.

In a project where the professor, along with startup WaterZerv and Associate Professor at DTU Allan Peter Engsig-Karup, used scientific machine learning to predict the movement of water through drainage systems, they managed to perform calculations 100 times faster than with traditional models.

“So instead of outsourcing a project, you can gather the relevant decision-makers in a room to run the models live and get the results more or less immediately. You can then sit down and try out different options to find the best solution for a given situation,” he explains.

Source: DTU

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[advaiya-solutions]

Microsoft Azure SQL Database is a managed cloud database (PaaS (Platform as a Service) service provided as part of Microsoft Azure which runs on a cloud computing platform, and access to it is provided as a service, i.e., PAAS (Platform as a Service). 

[nedeserv]

BEST ROOFING ESTIMATION | 2021

Include: Roofing Estimation, Roofing Calculations, Roofing Methods, and Standers Pitched roof, Gambrel roof, Slate roof, Roof replacement, Copper roof, Commercial roofing, Concrete roof, Sloping roof, Lifetime roofing, Best roof shingles, Residential roofing

How to get Roofing Estimate?

In Construction, the standers pitched roofing vary vastly all across the globe. Different terrains demand different types of materials and techniques.

The same is the case for roofing estimation. Although the pitched roof is the most common form of roofing estimation used, yet there are variations according to different needs in different parts of the world.

Many areas require inclined or slope roofs due to climatic conditions or other factors. The degree of slope affects the installation techniques of the roof, as well as its waterproofing and maintenance.

What is the difference between Slope roofing and Flat roofing for roofing estimation?

What are the Pros of slope roofs?

Inclined roofs are fairly more resistant to heavy snow, water and wind.

They are 15 times more compact than flat roofs, resulting in greater protection and better thermal insulation.

Tilted shape of these roofs gives more stability and strength to the building as compared to other forms.

They provide better drainage of rainwater, yet, also making it easier to collect, modify and recycle externally drained rainwater.

Their maintenance is less costly than flat roofs.

Most materials can be easily adapted for sloping roofs.

If needed, convertible attics can be used for additional space.

Inclined roofs are less restrictive and particularly easy to evacuate.

What are the Cons of slope roofs?

Inclined roofs have more surface area than flat ones, hence resulting in more material cost, more labor hours and more energy and heat loss.

Slope is always at greater risk of falling tiles, therefore, it is mandatory to securely fix everything that is tilted to the roof.

Roof sloping standards and regulations:

Like all aspects of construction, roof sloping has certain town planning regulations and standards that are to be observed essentially.

Rules regarding the degree of sloping, their width, number of slopes etc must be followed. For instance, certain roofing materials are required to be vigilantly calculated for a certain degree of inclination. e.g. maximum of 40% inclination can be done for a concrete roof. Similarly, 15% inclination is feasible for steel trough roof, 13-45% for zinc roof, etc.

WHAT IS COST ESTIMATION IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND THEIR TYPES?

PLU or Local Urban Plan of the municipality establishes the inclined roofs safety protocols i.e DTU for sloped roofs, which should be essentially practiced and respected.

There are 3 main DTUs on sloping roofs:

Distribution of vertical downspouts

Implementation of rainwater evacuation

Dimensions and calculation rules for pipelines

Once a client finalizes the inclined roof, the next step is to finalize the architecture of the sloped roof i.e single sloped, low slope, single roof, visible frame slope, etc.

Some of the commonly used slopes are:

Single sloped roof:

Mostly used in mountainous regions, these are best for easy evacuation of snow and preventing its accumulation.

2 or 4 sloped roofs:

Most commonly used inclined roofs, can be easily styled by adding rumps or brake lines, etc. The framework and the covering of a 2-sided roof are quite simple yet cost-effective. Also, the two slopes do not have to be identical and can be adjusted on different levels, if needed, aesthetically. Hence, this is the most commonly used slope.

On contrary, 4 sided roof has 4 slopes meeting at the top, giving it a classical cubic shape. Mostly classic architectures in cottages and mansions use multi roofing with turrets.

Pitched roof with core line:

This one uses a beam to raise the lower part, also known as rolled-up roofs.

Gable roof with break line:

Also known as “Mansard” or “Gambrel”, this roof consists of various inclinations making up different slopes. The upper part i.e Terrasson is joined to the lower part i.e Brisis, by means of a brake line junction.

Multiple roofs:

This one can range from very simple to very complicated, depending on the creativity of the architect and the limitation of the budget.

Tiles used on inclined roofs:

Tiles for the roofs are selected based on the client’s aesthetic choices and technical criteria. There are multiple options available, such as, terracotta tiles; which are weatherproof but fragile, slate tiles; these are heavy and expensive yet timeless, fiber cement; these are cheap but prone to moss and many more. Each tile shape has its own characters.

For example:

Flat tiles can adapt to an inclination up to 35 ° and have greater density but they are a bit more fragile than others.

Channel tiles can be used for 25 ° inclination but they need a supporting frame for their weight and a waterproofing reinforcement.

Interlocking or mechanical tiles are suitable for anywhere between 25 °-60 ° slope but they are at greater risk of infiltration if their maintenance is neglected.

Roman tiles, typically used in south, are double interlocking and can adapt to 25-60 ° of inclination.

The type of installation, techniques used, and use of hooks and other supporting materials also depend on the slope of the roof.

[spaceexp]

Expanding our knowledge of Arctic Ocean bathymetry

ESA - Cryosat Mission logo. 24 July 2019 Our knowledge of the depth and shape of the Arctic Ocean floor – its bathymetry – is insufficient. Owing to year-round sea-ice coverage and the cost of research in this remote region, much of the Arctic Ocean’s bathymetry has remained a mystery, until now.

Bathymetry of Chukchi Cap

Bathymetry maps are crucial for studying ocean dynamics, currents and tides, as well as for ship safety. Several campaigns to map seafloor bathymetry through ship soundings have been proposed, but only small fractions of the Arctic Ocean have ever been covered.  Scientists from DTU Space, Denmark’s national space research institute, have published a paper that reveals the first Arctic bathymetry map using marine gravity. The surface of the ocean is not flat. Because of gravitational pull, the height of the ocean surface mimics the rise and fall of the ocean floor. Areas of greater mass such as underwater mountains have a higher gravity and therefore attract more water creating a rise in the sea surface.

CryoSat

Fine-tuning the relationship between bathymetry and gravity in the Arctic Ocean has enabled scientists to calculate sea—floor bathymetry from satellite gravity measurements. By using ERS-1 and ERS-2, Envisat and seven years’ of CryoSat data, an altimetric gravity model has been developed by DTU Space. This has been combined with the existing IBCAO bathymetry map to create a new and improved hybrid bathymetry map of the Arctic Ocean.

How gravity and sea level interact

CryoSat was originally launched to measure sea-ice thickness, but data from the Earth-observing satellite have been exploited for other studies. Carrying a radar altimeter, the satellite can sense the gravity field at the ocean surface, so that seafloor characteristics are revealed – allowing it to map the global marine gravity field at a high spatial resolution. “The existing IBCAO bathymetry map of the Arctic Ocean is based purely on ship soundings and assisted by digital depth contours. Combining the IBCAO bathymetry with altimetry-derived marine gravity has resulted in a more accurate bathymetry map of the Arctic,” says Ole Baltazar Andersen from DTU Space. He continues, “The true value in the satellite data lies in the fact that it can help fill in data gaps between ship soundings, giving us a more complete picture of the Arctic bathymetry.”

Bathymetry vs ship sounding

The value of the hybrid bathymetry has also been validated using recent independent ship sounding surveys accessed through the NOAA’s National Center for Environmental Information (NCEI). Over the Chukchi Cap in the Canadian Arctic, the hybrid bathymetry could improve the existing IBCAO model derived from sparse ship tracks in the region. “This mapping shows our satellites’ capability of providing us with new data, especially in more difficult areas such as the unknown Arctic waters,” says Jérôme Benveniste, senior advisor at ESA. Josef Aschbacher, ESA’s director of Earth observation programmes, added, “And this is yet another piece of the jigsaw that adds to our understanding of the planet – and critically this kind of information can be used for maritime safety therefore benefiting society.” Related links: CryoSat: http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/CryoSat ERS: http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/ERS_overview Envisat: http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Envisat DTU Space: https://www.space.dtu.dk/english NOAA’s National Center for Environmental Information: https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/ IBCAO: https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/bathymetry/arctic/arctic.html Read more: Improved Arctic Ocean Bathymetry derived from DTU17 Gravity model: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2018EA000502 The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO): https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2012GL052219 Images, Text, Credits: ESA/DTU Space/NOAA. Greetings, Orbiter.ch Full article

[sanjayseo7-blog]

Proven Tricks to Ace Engineering Entrance Exams

One of the most popular career paths after 10+2 is engineering. National level engineering entrance exams like the JEE Main, JEE Advance, BITSAT are regularly prepared for by tens of thousands of students with science backgrounds each year in order to get admission to top engineering colleges in Delhi like IITs, DTU and KCC Institute of Technology and Management.

However, the majority of students hoping to acquire admission to B. Tech after 12th from science stream frequently fall short in the entrance exams held by the National Testing Agency NTA and individual schools due to the few seats, fierce competition, and lack of assistance.

The steps you must take as well as things you should avoid while preparing for your engineering admission exams are explained in this blog. If you incorporate these time-tested learning tricks in your exam preparations and put maximum emphasis on your strengths and weakness, you might gain an upper hand in the competition and secure higher ranks in the exams that will ultimately land you a seat in top 10 private engineering colleges in Delhi NCR.

Things to Consider Before Taking an Engineering Entrance Exam

In other countries, passing an engineering entrance exam might not be as difficult. However, the situation is different in India. After passing the higher secondary test, the majority of student wishes to enroll in B. Tech programs offered by public and private engineering colleges in Delhi.

However, the number of open seats in different engineering colleges and universities is not growing proportionally. As a result, every year the competition gets tougher, making it challenging for students without advice and tutoring to perform well on any engineering entrance exam in India. Here are some quick hacks you can use to better prepare for the exams.

Make a schedule and stick to it!

You will need to create a schedule first. However, what matters more than this is how you will adhere to this deadline in the long run. Give each subject equal weight, and avoid devoting too much attention to one after another.

The main advantage of sticking to a set schedule is that it enables you to get a complete image of your degree of preparedness. You’ll know exactly how to divide your time between the many disciplines and which ones require more focus than others.

A set schedule will get you back on track and help you get admission to private engineering colleges in Delhi.

Make a study plan or strategy clear!

You must create a strategy for how you will approach the full syllabus before you start your preparation. Ask your school professors or seniors for advice. Determine your areas of strength and weakness, then plan your time accordingly.

Time is crucial. Therefore, refrain from reading everything or anything you come across online. Try to comprehend the patterns of questions from the previous five years, and then plan a well-calculated approach that will enable you to concentrate on the subjects that are most crucial to your success while requiring the least amount of effort.

Books and Study Material

The basic prerequisites are books and study aids. However, the market is over saturated with choices and alternative authors that only offer updated versions of pre-existing released test questions and worksheets. This frequently misleads qualified candidates.

Therefore, always take into account using the study materials that the top students and respected teachers suggest. All entrance exams have some standard sample papers with answer key and study material. The finest source of study help in this situation is NCERT books, which you must cover at the start before going on to the advanced material.

Solve previous year papers and engage in mock tests

Ask any of the top performers what his formula for success is. You will consistently receive the same response. They will advise you to complete as many old questions papers as you can. You could conquer your exam anxiety by taking online practice exams. It represents a 360-degree reality check of your level of preparation and boosts your confidence while enabling you to identify your strengths and weaknesses.

If you have a friend from top b.tech colleges in Delhi, ask him for tips on what sample papers, mock tests and answer keys you should follow to ace the entrance exam.

Maintain a healthy lifestyle

In addition to regular study, maintaining good health and fitness is essential. Avoid participating in stressful sports and heavy lifting because they will use up most of your physical resources. It would be much more advantageous for you to engage in frequent breathing exercises, pranayama, yoga, and cardio-based physical activities. Get up early and routinely go for a mile or two run. Try swimming and skipping as well, if you can.

Bottom line

Preparing for JEE Main is not a walk in the garden. Even the thought dries your mouth and makes you numb. Students pay hundreds of thousands in coaching classes and are cut off from outside room locked in a room for a whole year dedicated to prepare for exam. This is too much work and the chances of success are scarce. The worst of all is the fear of falling behind the competition. If you fail to secure higher ranks or even fail the test, you may end up in private engineering colleges in Delhi NCR because all high-rankers go to esteemed public universities like IITs.

Adhering to the steps mentioned above will give you a competitive edge in the entrance exam. It will help streamline the preparations for you. Good luck!

[fumpkins]

Microscopic Laser Attracting Attention - Science and Technology Research News

A laser too small to be seen by the naked eye has taken the research world by storm. Locally at DTU Fotonik, where it was developed, and internationally, where the laser has been acclaimed by the Optical Society of America as one of the most exciting inventions of 2017.

The laser is only one micron in size (one thousandth of a millimetre).

It is so small that it is not even visible using a normal microscope. You need the assistance of an advanced electron microscope in order to see the laser’s internal structures. And yet, it works. Not only that—it is self-pulsating. This is the first time ever that a self-pulsating laser has been demonstrated at nanoscale.

Laser with unforeseen properties

A self-pulsating laser is one that automatically emits its light as pulses. You could say that it flashes all by itself.

Normally lasers emit their light as a steady beam, and if you want them to pulse, you have to switch them rapidly on and off.

The nanolaser’s self-pulsating effect was not something that the research group at DTU Fotonik had in any way foreseen.

“We’ve used the same mathematical models that explain the self-pulsation to calculate the speed of our laser. If we’ve understood things correctly, we believe we have a laser that can be up to 100 times faster than the lasers we have today. But we haven’t demonstrated this yet”

Jesper Mørk, Professor, DTU Fotonik

“We had described the theoretical physics behind the laser as early as 2014 and published our findings in Physical Review Letters. But it was only after we constructed the laser in 2016 and began measuring it that we discovered that it is self-pulsating,” says Professor Jesper Mørk, leader of the research group for Quantum and Laser Photonics at DTU Fotonik.

After the discovery, the research team were able to explain the effect using their theoretical models and calculations.

“New, undiscovered effects often occur when we work experimentally at nanoscale. This is a completely new area of physics, because we’re investigating things on a scale where no one yet fully understands what’s going on. What we’re dealing with here is technological basic research,” says Jesper Mørk speaking about the latest research developments which were published in Nature Photonics in 2017.

A self-pulsating laser is exciting because the pulses can be ‘translated’ into ones and zeroes: A pulse can represent a one, while a missing pulse is a zero.

Ones and zeroes are the foundation of all electronic communication, and hence everything that takes place on a computer, mobile phone, or the Internet.

Lasers are already being used in these technologies. These are bigger than DTU Fotonik’s new laser. They can be as small as 300 microns—300 times the size of the laser Jesper Mørk’s group has been tinkering with.

The primary role of the laser is to convert our communication from the electron’s ones and zeros to the equivalent in light. By converting current (electrons) to light, researchers can speed up how quickly data is transferred between our mobile phones and computers. It’s the speed that decides whether you can go home tonight and watch a movie on Netflix without interruptions.

More surprises

Enough about the self-pulsating effect. Jesper Mørk’s research group has more surprises up its sleeve: The microscopic laser has the potential to be 100 times faster than the lasers we have today. Theoretically at least.

“We’ve used the same mathematical models that explain the self-pulsation to calculate the speed of our laser. If we’ve understood things correctly, we believe we have a laser that can be up to 100 times faster than the lasers we have today. But we haven’t demonstrated this yet,” says Jesper Mørk.

High-speed Internet is something we appreciate, and ever since the Internet was developed, speeding it up has been a constant focus.

A laser that breaks with conventions

Enough about speed. Jesper Mørk wants to share another surprise about his nanolaser: It breaks with all the conventions for how a laser should be built.

Normally, lasers consist of two mirrors. You insert a material that emits light when it is energized between the mirrors. The light is reflected back and forth between the two mirrors, creating the laser light as the very powerful monochrome light beam we are familiar with.

However, Jesper Mørk’s research group has dropped one of the mirrors. Instead they exploit a physical principle called ‘Fano resonance’, that can make up for the missing mirror.

The principle involves a particular form of resonance which was described for the first time in 1961 by Italian physicist Ugo Fano, whom the phenomenon was named after. To understand the details of Fano resonance you need to have read and understood considerably more than normal high-school physics. But the phenomenon is well known among physicists and is used in many contexts, according to Jesper Mørk.

The utilization of Fano resonance in Mørk’s nanolaser is also reflected in its name. This new type of nanolaser is known as the Fano laser in the circles that follow developments in laser physics and advanced optical communication technology.

Even faster Internet

Jesper Mørk and his colleagues are the first to have come up with the idea of using Fano resonance in a laser. And it’s a good idea because:

“We can change the laser’s intensity much faster than is currently possible using conventional lasers. If we want even higher Internet speeds in the future, it is crucial that the laser that converts the electrical signal into light can do so much faster than conventional lasers,” says Jesper Mørk.

The fastest lasers have a capacity of 40 gigabits per second today. Jesper Mørk predicts that the information society of the future will need to be able to transmit 1,000 gigabits (1 terabit) per second.

“Using the Fano laser we can transcend the physical limitations that put a cap on the speed of conventional lasers. We have not demonstrated the Fano laser’s high speed yet. We are still working to understand all the physics, and to develop the necessary nanotechnology to refine the design of these microscopic lasers,” says Jesper Mørk.

The Fano laser is just a few microns long, and is therefore not visible to the naked eye. In comparison, a human hair is about 50-100 microns thick.

The laser contains a photonic crystal The laser’s single mirror is located at the left end of the crystal. Numerous holes have been drilled in the crystal using electron beams. The holes prevent the light from spreading. It is forced instead to follow the ‘smooth’ path in the crystal. The light does this until it encounters the nanocavity. The nanocavity is simply a small deviation in the hole pattern. A single hole may have a different size, or its position may differ slightly from the others. The light gets caught in the nanocavity and is reflected back.  The nanocavity thus behaves like a mirror. Since the behaviour of the light is based on the principles of Fano resonance, this area in the laser is called a Fano mirror. However, some of the trapped light escapes from the nanocavity. It escapes in regular pulses with a steady intensity. Using electrodes around the nanocavity, the wavelength (colour) of the light reflected from the Fano mirror can be changed. This allows the light signal that the laser emits to be changed, and this feature can be used to convert an electrical signal into a light signal that can be transmitted over the Internet and to the receiver.

Source : Technical University of Denmark

New post published on: https://www.livescience.tech/2018/06/28/microscopic-laser-attracting-attention-science-and-technology-research-news/

[jcmarchi]

Sensor-Packed Underwater Drone to Shed Light on Marine Life - Technology Org

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/sensor-packed-underwater-drone-to-shed-light-on-marine-life-technology-org/

Sensor-Packed Underwater Drone to Shed Light on Marine Life - Technology Org

By developing state-of-the-art optical technologies, DTU researchers will document marine biodiversity in much more detail than divers and satellite images do today.

On Roskilde Fjord, an inflatable boat sails around with a flat plate mounted underneath. With its upward-facing metal posts, it looks like an inverted folding table crudely put together with parts from a DIY store. But the makeshift surface is hiding innovative high-tech hardware that may help shed light on the state of marine biodiversity.

Christian Pedersen and his colleague, PhD student Joaquim Santos, have developed a unique laser system that will measure plankton in the water column. Image credit: Thomas Steen Sørensen/DTU

Though 71 per cent of our blue planet is covered in water, we know little about what is hiding in the depths. Scientific studies estimate that 91 per cent of marine species have not yet been identified, and we, therefore, have a blind spot in our knowledge of marine biodiversity. A group of researchers from DTU and Aarhus University aims to change that.

Will replace divers and drones

Counting species and stocks below sea level is not an easy task. Until now, divers in combination with drones or satellite imagery, have been used to get an overview from the air, while complicated calculations have attempted to make up for the unreported figures.

“It’s just really difficult and expensive to document biodiversity underwater,” says Christian Pedersen, Professor at DTU Electro.

He is heading the Ocean Eye project, developing new sensor technology. They use a combination of hyperspectral cameras (we will get back to those shortly), lasers, and artificial intelligence to make easier and more accurate quantifications of the biodiversity of coastal waters. Everything is installed on an autonomous vessel, which can sail around and collect data independently.

“A diver can only be underwater for a limited time, and it’s hard to cover a large area. But with our method, we expect to be able to quite accurately say that, for example, 37 per cent of the seabed in this area is covered by eelgrass and 12 per cent by red algae,” says Christian Pedersen.

Fluorescent fingerprints

Ocean Eye will primarily collect data from the seabed by analysing plants and animals at depths below satellite reach such as red algae, starfish, and corals.

“If there are no plants and animals at the bottom, fish and other species won’t be able to live there, which is why it’s so important to track how the seabed is doing,” says Christian Pedersen.

Christian Pedersen and his DTU colleagues are therefore in the process of developing a special hyperspectral camera. Whereas traditional drones typically use so-called RGB cameras that can only see three colours (red, green, and blue), a hyperspectral camera takes up to 30 images at a time, each in its own colour. This means that one photo only shows red tones, the next yellow tones, etc. The result is much clearer images in which red algae, for example, stand out clearly in the red images, making it easier to analyse and classify the objects visible on the recordings quickly.

Ocean Eye will simultaneously sweep a laser beam over the ocean floor and measures the fluorescence of the objects it hits. When hitting marine organisms with shortwave laser light, they bounce back part of the light depending on their pigmentation, and the colour of the glare reveals the species—like a fluorescent fingerprint.

Christian Pedersen is testing the laser system by shooting the laser into a small tank with water and microalgae, to see if the system can identify the species. Image credit: Thomas Steen Sørensen/DTU

Unique laser system spots plankton

Above the seabed, life in the ocean is very layered. Many plankton species only live at a specific depth, temperature, salinity, and light level. Until now, the biodiversity of the open sea has been analysed by sending a sampler down to a certain depth and then retracting it and analysing the species in the sample, but this is a slow and strenuous method. Ocean Eye therefore aims to develop a special lidar, the type of laser system used in self-driving cars to measure distance.

The researchers’ laser system will be able to focus on a specific depth and detect what kinds of microalgae and zooplankton (such as krill and copepods) live there. Initially, the laser system will be designed for coastal waters with depths of up to five metres, but it will also be able to operate at deeper levels.

“No one has ever created a lidar system that can detect marine life in this way before,” says Christian Pedersen.

Ocean Eye’s various sensors will be collecting so much data that it will be impossible to analyse it all manually. The team is therefore also working on developing an artificial intelligence that will chew through the data and conclude which species are hiding in the recordings.

“The three technologies complement each other, so when you take all the data and get an AI to analyse it, it can give a pretty accurate answer to whether what’s in the picture is a clam or red algae,” says Christian Pedersen.

Technology is the solution

The Ocean Eye prototype may still look like a DIY project, but the goal is to eventually install the sensors on an underwater drone that can sail around and measure biodiversity and its development over time, including in deeper regions. It will be a useful tool for marine biologists as well as authorities and decision-makers and will be able to document whether, e.g., marine restoration projects are working as intended.

“When we restore stone reefs, we want to understand what’s happening. Does one species take over everything because it’s quick as a flash, or what’s going on?” says Christian Pedersen.

The better we get at measuring marine life, the better we will understand what it will take to improve the marine environment.

“It speaks to all the major issues of how to improve the quality of the marine environment in Danish waters. But our project differs from other initiatives in that we bring technology into play as part of the solution,” says Christian Pedersen.

Source: DTU

You can offer your link to a page which is relevant to the topic of this post.

[advaiya-solutions]

Microsoft Azure SQL Database is a managed cloud database (PaaS (Platform as a Service) service provided as part of Microsoft Azure which runs on a cloud computing platform, and access to it is provided as a service, i.e., PAAS (Platform as a Service). 

[scitechman]

Optimal Aircraft Wing Designed on Europe’s Biggest Computer

Four DTU researchers have calculated how to achieve the best and most resistant aircraft wing structure using the least amount of material. In essence, the method known as topology optimization identifies the strongest structures in relation to a specific load while employing as little material as possible. The researchers’ findings are described in an article in the renowned scientific…

[parametricarchitecture]

StressedSkins Steel Pavilion in #Copenhagen #denmark 2015 Stressed Skins is an architectural research project that uses new technologies to explore a very old idea – that through cold working, steel can be made stronger. Through the design of a light weight, stressed-skin structure, the project investigates how a very thin, easily bent material can become a strong structure. The project develops calculation and simulation methods that control the geometric forming of the steel, and incorporate the resulting material properties into the design process. Each panel is formed by a robot directly linked to a 3D computer model. The pattern on the each panel relates directly to the structural forces within it, and the need for rigidity. Team: Stressed Skins is a collaboration between CITA, Monash University Materials Science and Engineering, Melbourne, DTU Mekanik and Bollinger und Grohmann Ingenieure, Vienna Follow us 👇🏽👇🏽👇🏽 @parametric.architecture @parametric.architecture @parametric.architecture #pavilion #stressedskin #steel #research #fabrication #digitaldesign #design #parametric #parametricarchitecture #parametricdesign #parametricism #architect #architecture #archilovers #architectureporn #rhinoceros3d #grasshopper3d #architecturephotography #建筑 #建築 #建築家 #건축가 #건축물 #arquitectura #архитектура #архитектор #mimar #mimarlik (at Copenhagen, Denmark)

[saitmguru-blog]

Computer Science – A Flagship Branch Of Engineering

Computer science engineering is the study of the hypothesis, experimentation, and engineering that shape the basis for the outline and utilization of PCs. A substitute, more brief meaning of computer science engineering is the investigation of robotizing algorithmic procedures that scale. A computer science engineer has practical experience in the theory of computation and the outline of computational frameworks. Human computer collaboration considers the difficulties in making PCs and calculations valuable, usable, and generally available to people.

 Why choose computer science, engineering?

Each industry utilizes PCs so normally a computer science engineer can work in any. Issues in science, engineering, human services, thus numerous different regions can be tackled by PCs. It's up to the computer scientist to make sense of how, and outline the software to apply the solution. PC researchers estimate, plan, create, and apply the software and hardware for the projects we utilize all the live long day, sounds truly imperative to us.

 Below is a short list of computer science engineering college in Delhi/NCR

●      Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (IITD): Indian Institute of Technology always tops the when it comes to engineering colleges. It creates new information by taking part in forefront research and advance scholastic development by contributing best in class graduate and postgraduate projects. Applicant must have passed 10+2 in the significant field with least 75% marks from any perceived board. Admissions are made through counseling in view of rank acquired in JEE Advanced.

●      Delhi Technological University, Delhi (DTU): DTU to be a main World Class Technology, University assuming its part as a key hub in National and Global Knowledge Network thus engaging India with the Wings of Knowledge and Innovations. The applicants must have passed 12th grade with an aggregate of 60% marks in total, the subjects should be PCM and probably passed English with good marks from any perceived board and must have a substantial rank in JEE mains

●      SAITM: The vision of the department is to be a focal point of incredibleness that gives fantastic education to create future pioneers in all parts of computing. The students are prepared in hypothetical, systemic, and also connected parts of contemporary computing. The group comprising more than eighty committed and very much qualified employees to encourage the elevated expectation of educating, learning and assessment process.

●      G.L. Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management, Greater Noida (GLBITM): The Department of Computer Science Engineering at G.L. Bajaj Institute of Technology was set up in the year 2005 with a dream to help the IT boom and satisfy the need of energetic software engineers globally. The Department has a mix of experienced and youthful employees who likewise function as guides to the similarly hardworking and dedicated students. The department is the pleased record holder of University results and placements in industries

 Conclusion

The quality of life has enhanced fundamentally with the advent of PCs. Computers, Laptop, Internet and Teleconference has got to be household unit wares. The list of computer science engineering college in Delhi prepares the students for an assortment of vocations in software design, networking, and computer applications and utilizes new opportunities in data stockpiling, transmission and preparing in their career.

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[inhandnetworks-blog]

Study Reveals Ancient smart vending machine   Impact of Massive Asteroid

www.inhandnetworks.com

A graphical representation of the size of the asteroid thought to have killed the dinosaurs, and the crater it created, compared to an asteroid thought to have hit the Earth 3.26 billion years ago and the size of the crater it may have generated. A new study reveals the power and scale of the event some 3.26 billion years ago which scientists think created geological features found in a South African region known as the Barberton greenstone belt. Credit: American Geophysical Union

A newly published study reveals an ancient asteroid impact that left a crater nearly 500 kilometers across: up to two and a half times larger in diameter than the crater formed by the dinosaur-killing asteroid.

Washington, D.C. — Picture this: A massive asteroid almost as wide as Rhode Island and about three to five times larger than the rock thought to have wiped out the dinosaurs slams into Earth. The collision punches a crater into the planet’s crust that’s nearly 500 kilometers (about 300 miles) across: greater than the distance from Washington, D.C. to New York City, and up to two and a half times larger in diameter than the hole formed by the dinosaur-killing asteroid. Seismic waves bigger than any recorded earthquakes shake the planet for about half an hour at any one location – about six times longer than the huge earthquake that struck Japan three years ago. The impact also sets off tsunamis many times deeper than the one that followed the Japanese quake.

Although scientists had previously hypothesized enormous ancient impacts, much greater than the one that may have eliminated the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, now a new study reveals the power and scale of a cataclysmic event some 3.26 billion years ago which is thought to have created geological features found in a South African region known as the Barberton greenstone belt. The research is published in Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, a journal of the American Geophysical Union.

The huge impactor – between 37 and 58 kilometers (23 to 36 miles) wide – collided with the planet at 20 kilometers per second (12 miles per second). The jolt, bigger than a 10.8 magnitude earthquake, propelled seismic waves hundreds of kilometers through the Earth, breaking rocks and setting off other large earthquakes. Tsunamis thousands of meters deep – far bigger than recent tsunamis generated by earthquakes — swept across the oceans that covered most of the Earth at that time.

“We knew it was big, but we didn’t know how big,” Donald Lowe, a geologist at Stanford University and a co-author of the study, said of th industrial m2m  e asteroid. A graphical representation of the size of the asteroid thought to have killed the dinosaurs, and the crater it created, compared to an asteroid thought to have hit the Earth 3.26 billion years ago and the size of the crater it may have generated. A new study reveals the power and scale of the event some 3.26 billion years ago which scientists think created geological features found in a South African region known as the Barberton greenstone belt.

Lowe, who discovered telltale rock formations in the Barberton greenstone a decade ago, thought their structure smacked of an asteroid impact. The new research models for the first time how big the asteroid was and the effect it had on the planet, including the possible initiation of a more modern plate tectonic system that is seen in the region, according to Lowe.

The study marks the first time scientists have mapped in this way an impact that occurred more than 3 billion years ago, Lowe added, and is likely one of the first times anyone has modeled any impact that occurred during this period of the Earth’s evolution.

The impact would have been ca cashless vending  tastrophic to the surface environment. The smaller, dino-killing asteroid crash is estimated to have released more than a billion times more energy than the bombs that destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The more ancient hit now coming to light would have released much more energy, experts said.

The sky would have become red hot, the atmosphere would have been filled with dust and the tops of oceans would have boiled, the researchers said. The impact sent vaporized rock into the atmosphere, which encircled the globe and condensed into liquid droplets before solidifying and falling to the surface, according to the researchers.

The impact may have been one of dozens of huge asteroids that scientists think hit the Earth during the tail end of the Late Heavy Bombardment period, a major period of impacts that occurred early in the Earth’s history – around 3 billion to 4 billion years ago.

Many of the sites where these asteroids landed were destroyed by erosion, movement of the Earth’s crust and other forces as the Earth evolved, but geologists have found a handful of areas in South Africa, and Western Australia that still harbor evidence of these impacts that occurred between 3.23 billion and 3.47 billion years ago. The study’s co-authors think the asteroid hit the Earth thousands of kilometers away from the Barberton Greenstone Belt, although they can’t pinpoint the exact location.

“We can’t go to the impact sites. In order to better understand how big it was and its effect we need studies like this,” said Lowe. Scientists must use the geological evidence of these impacts to piece together what happened to the Earth during this time, he said.

The study’s findings have important implications for understanding the early Earth and how the planet formed. The impact may have disrupted the Earth’s crust and the tectonic regime that characterized the early planet, leading to the start of a more modern plate tectonic system, according to the paper’s co-authors.

The pummeling the planet endured was “much larger than any ordinary earthquake,” said Norman Sleep, a physicist at Stanford University and co-author of the study. He used physics, models, and knowledge about the formations in the Barberton greenstone belt, other earthquakes and other asteroid impact sites on the Earth and the moon to calculate the strength and duration of the shaking that the asteroid produced. Using this information, Sleep recreated how waves traveled from the impact site to the Barberton greenstone belt and caused the geological formations.

The geological evidence found in the Barberton that the paper investigates indicates that the asteroid was “far larger than anything in the last billion years,” said Jay Melosh, a professor at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, who was not involved in the research.

The Barberton greenstone belt is an area 100 kilometers (62 miles) long and 60 kilometers (37 miles) wide that sits east of Johannesburg near the border with Swaziland. It contains some of the oldest rocks on the planet.

The model provides evidence for the rock formations and crustal fractures that scientists have discovered in the Barberton greenstone belt, said Frank Kyte, a geologist at UCLA who was not involved in the study.

“This is providing significant support for the idea that the impact may have been responsible for this major shift in tectonics,” he said.

Reconstructing the asteroid’s impact could also help scientists better understand the conditions under which early life on the planet evolved, the paper’s authors said. Along with altering the Earth itself, the environmental changes triggered by the impact may have wiped out many microscopic organisms living on the developing planet, allowing other organisms to evolve, they said.

“We are trying to understand the forces that shaped our planet early in its evolution and the environments in which life evolved,” Lowe said.

Publication: Norman H. Sleep & Donald R. Lowe, “Physics of crustal fracturing and chert dike formation triggered by asteroid impact, ~3.26 Ga, Barberton  VPN routerIndustrial 3g router  greenstone belt, South Africa,” Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2014; DOI: 10.1002/2014GC005229

Image: American Geophysical Union

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[fumpkins]

Microscopic Laser Attracting Attention - Science and Technology Research News

A laser too little to be seen by the naked eye has actually taken the research world by storm. Locally at DTU Fotonik, where it was established, and globally, where the laser has actually been well-known by the Optical Society of America as one of the most interesting developments of 2017.

The laser is just one micron in size (one thousandth of a millimetre).

It is so little that it is not even noticeable utilizing a typical microscopic lense. You require the help of a sophisticated electron microscopic lense in order to see the laser’s internal structures. And yet, it works. Not just that– it is self- pulsating. This is the very first time ever that a self- pulsating laser has actually been shown at nanoscale.

Laser with unexpected homes

A self- pulsating laser is one that instantly produces its light as pulses. You might state that it flashes all by itself.

Normally lasers release their light as a stable beam, and if you desire them to pulse, you need to change them quickly on and off.

The nanolaser’s self- pulsating impact was not something that the research group at DTU Fotonik had in any method visualized.

“We’ve used the same mathematical models that explain the self-pulsation to calculate the speed of our laser. If we’ve understood things correctly, we believe we have a laser that can be up to 100 times faster than the lasers we have today. But we haven’t demonstrated this yet”

Jesper Mørk, Professor, DTU Fotonik

“We had described the theoretical physics behind the laser as early as 2014 and published our findings in Physical Review Letters. But it was only after we constructed the laser in 2016 and began measuring it that we discovered that it is self-pulsating,” states Professor Jesper Mørk, leader of the research group for Quantum and Laser Photonics at DTU Fotonik.

After the discovery, the research group had the ability to discuss the impact utilizing their theoretical designs and computations.

“New, undiscovered effects often occur when we work experimentally at nanoscale. This is a completely new area of physics, because we’re investigating things on a scale where no one yet fully understands what’s going on. What we’re dealing with here is technological basic research,” states Jesper Mørk discussing the current research advancements which were released in NaturePhotonics in 2017.

A self- pulsating laser is interesting since the pulses can be ‘translated’ into ones and absolutely nos: A pulse can represent a one, while a missing out on pulse is a no.

Onesand absolutely nos are the structure of all electronic interaction, and for this reason whatever that occurs on a computer system, smart phone, or the Internet.

Lasers are currently being utilized in these innovations. These are larger than DTU Fotonik’s brand-new laser. They can be as little as 300 microns–300 times the size of the laser Jesper Mørk’s group has actually been playing with.

The main function of the laser is to transform our interaction from the electron’s ones and absolutely nos to the comparable in light. By transforming present (electrons) to light, scientists can accelerate how rapidly information is moved in between our cellphones and computer systems. It’s the speed that chooses whether you can go house tonight and see a film on Netflix without disturbances.

More surprises

Enough about the self- pulsating impact. Jesper Mørk’s research group has more surprises up its sleeve: The microscopic laser has the prospective to be 100 times faster than the lasers we have today. Theoretically a minimum of.

“We’ve used the same mathematical models that explain the self-pulsation to calculate the speed of our laser. If we’ve understood things correctly, we believe we have a laser that can be up to 100 times faster than the lasers we have today. But we haven’t demonstrated this yet,” states Jesper Mørk.

High- speed Internet is something we value, and since the Internet was established, speeding it up has actually been a continuous focus.

A laser that brakes with conventions

Enough about speed. Jesper Mørk wishes to share another surprise about his nanolaser: It breaks with all the conventions for how a laser need to be constructed.

Normally, lasers include 2 mirrors. You place a product that releases light when it is stimulated in between the mirrors. The light is shown back and forth in between the 2 mirrors, developing the laser light as the really effective monochrome beam we recognize with.

However,Jesper Mørk’s research group has actually dropped among the mirrors. Instead they make use of a physical concept called ‘Fano resonance’, that can offset the missing out on mirror.

The concept includes a specific kind of resonance which was explained for the very first time in 1961 by Italian physicist Ugo Fano, whom the phenomenon was called after. To comprehend the information of Fano resonance you have to have actually checked out and comprehended significantly more than regular high- school physics. But the phenomenon is popular amongst physicists and is utilized in lots of contexts, inning accordance with Jesper Mørk.

The usage of Fano resonance in Mørk’s nanolaser is likewise shown in its name. This brand-new kind of nanolaser is referred to as the Fano laser in the circles that follow advancements in laser physics and advanced optical interaction technology.

Even much faster Internet

Jesper Mørk and his associates are the very first to have actually developed the concept of utilizing Fano resonance in a laser. And it’s a great idea since:

“We can change the laser’s intensity much faster than is currently possible using conventional lasers. If we want even higher Internet speeds in the future, it is crucial that the laser that converts the electrical signal into light can do so much faster than conventional lasers,” states Jesper Mørk.

The fastest lasers have a capability of 40 gigabits per 2nd today. Jesper Mørk forecasts that the info society of the future will have to have the ability to send 1,000 gigabits (1 terabit) per second.

“Using the Fano laser we can transcend the physical limitations that put a cap on the speed of conventional lasers. We have not demonstrated the Fano laser’s high speed yet. We are still working to understand all the physics, and to develop the necessary nanotechnology to refine the design of these microscopic lasers,” states Jesper Mørk.

TheFano laser is simply a couple of microns long, and is for that reason not noticeable to the naked eye. In contrast, a human hair has to do with 50-100 microns thick.

The laser consists of a photonic crystal. The laser’s single mirror lies at the left end of the crystal. Numerous holes have actually been drilled in the crystal utilizing electron beams. The holes avoid the light from dispersing. It is required rather to follow the ‘smooth’ course in the crystal. The light does this up until it comes across the nanocavity. The nanocavity is just a little variance in the hole pattern. A single hole might have a various size, or its position might vary somewhat from the others. The light gets captured in the nanocavity and is shown back. The nanocavity hence acts like a mirror. Since the behaviour of the light is based upon the concepts of Fano resonance, this location in the laser is called a Fano mirror. However, a few of the caught light leaves from the nanocavity. It leaves in routine pulses with a stable strength. Using electrodes around the nanocavity, the wavelength (colour) of the light shown from the Fano mirror can be altered. This enables the light signal that the laser releases to be altered, and this function can be utilized to transform an electrical signal into a light signal that can be transferred over the Internet and to the receiver.

Source: TechnicalUniversity of Denmark

New post published on: https://livescience.tech/2018/06/28/microscopic-laser-attracting-attention-science-and-technology-research-news/

[fumpkins]

Microscopic Laser Attracting Attention - Science and Technology Research News

A laser too little to be seen by the naked eye has actually taken the research world by storm. Locally at DTU Fotonik, where it was established, and globally, where the laser has actually been well-known by the Optical Society of America as one of the most interesting developments of 2017.

The laser is just one micron in size (one thousandth of a millimetre).

It is so little that it is not even noticeable utilizing a typical microscopic lense. You require the help of a sophisticated electron microscopic lense in order to see the laser’s internal structures. And yet, it works. Not just that– it is self- pulsating. This is the very first time ever that a self- pulsating laser has actually been shown at nanoscale.

Laser with unexpected homes

A self- pulsating laser is one that instantly produces its light as pulses. You might state that it flashes all by itself.

Normally lasers release their light as a stable beam, and if you desire them to pulse, you need to change them quickly on and off.

The nanolaser’s self- pulsating impact was not something that the research group at DTU Fotonik had in any method visualized.

“We’ve used the same mathematical models that explain the self-pulsation to calculate the speed of our laser. If we’ve understood things correctly, we believe we have a laser that can be up to 100 times faster than the lasers we have today. But we haven’t demonstrated this yet”

Jesper Mørk, Professor, DTU Fotonik

“We had described the theoretical physics behind the laser as early as 2014 and published our findings in Physical Review Letters. But it was only after we constructed the laser in 2016 and began measuring it that we discovered that it is self-pulsating,” states Professor Jesper Mørk, leader of the research group for Quantum and Laser Photonics at DTU Fotonik.

After the discovery, the research group had the ability to discuss the impact utilizing their theoretical designs and computations.

“New, undiscovered effects often occur when we work experimentally at nanoscale. This is a completely new area of physics, because we’re investigating things on a scale where no one yet fully understands what’s going on. What we’re dealing with here is technological basic research,” states Jesper Mørk discussing the current research advancements which were released in NaturePhotonics in 2017.

A self- pulsating laser is interesting since the pulses can be ‘translated’ into ones and absolutely nos: A pulse can represent a one, while a missing out on pulse is a no.

Onesand absolutely nos are the structure of all electronic interaction, and for this reason whatever that occurs on a computer system, smart phone, or the Internet.

Lasers are currently being utilized in these innovations. These are larger than DTU Fotonik’s brand-new laser. They can be as little as 300 microns–300 times the size of the laser Jesper Mørk’s group has actually been playing with.

The main function of the laser is to transform our interaction from the electron’s ones and absolutely nos to the comparable in light. By transforming present (electrons) to light, scientists can accelerate how rapidly information is moved in between our cellphones and computer systems. It’s the speed that chooses whether you can go house tonight and see a film on Netflix without disturbances.

More surprises

Enough about the self- pulsating impact. Jesper Mørk’s research group has more surprises up its sleeve: The microscopic laser has the prospective to be 100 times faster than the lasers we have today. Theoretically a minimum of.

“We’ve used the same mathematical models that explain the self-pulsation to calculate the speed of our laser. If we’ve understood things correctly, we believe we have a laser that can be up to 100 times faster than the lasers we have today. But we haven’t demonstrated this yet,” states Jesper Mørk.

High- speed Internet is something we value, and since the Internet was established, speeding it up has actually been a continuous focus.

A laser that brakes with conventions

Enough about speed. Jesper Mørk wishes to share another surprise about his nanolaser: It breaks with all the conventions for how a laser need to be constructed.

Normally, lasers include 2 mirrors. You place a product that releases light when it is stimulated in between the mirrors. The light is shown back and forth in between the 2 mirrors, developing the laser light as the really effective monochrome beam we recognize with.

However,Jesper Mørk’s research group has actually dropped among the mirrors. Instead they make use of a physical concept called ‘Fano resonance’, that can offset the missing out on mirror.

The concept includes a specific kind of resonance which was explained for the very first time in 1961 by Italian physicist Ugo Fano, whom the phenomenon was called after. To comprehend the information of Fano resonance you have to have actually checked out and comprehended significantly more than regular high- school physics. But the phenomenon is popular amongst physicists and is utilized in lots of contexts, inning accordance with Jesper Mørk.

The usage of Fano resonance in Mørk’s nanolaser is likewise shown in its name. This brand-new kind of nanolaser is referred to as the Fano laser in the circles that follow advancements in laser physics and advanced optical interaction technology.

Even much faster Internet

Jesper Mørk and his associates are the very first to have actually developed the concept of utilizing Fano resonance in a laser. And it’s a great idea since:

“We can change the laser’s intensity much faster than is currently possible using conventional lasers. If we want even higher Internet speeds in the future, it is crucial that the laser that converts the electrical signal into light can do so much faster than conventional lasers,” states Jesper Mørk.

The fastest lasers have a capability of 40 gigabits per 2nd today. Jesper Mørk forecasts that the info society of the future will have to have the ability to send 1,000 gigabits (1 terabit) per second.

“Using the Fano laser we can transcend the physical limitations that put a cap on the speed of conventional lasers. We have not demonstrated the Fano laser’s high speed yet. We are still working to understand all the physics, and to develop the necessary nanotechnology to refine the design of these microscopic lasers,” states Jesper Mørk.

TheFano laser is simply a couple of microns long, and is for that reason not noticeable to the naked eye. In contrast, a human hair has to do with 50-100 microns thick.

The laser consists of a photonic crystal. The laser’s single mirror lies at the left end of the crystal. Numerous holes have actually been drilled in the crystal utilizing electron beams. The holes avoid the light from dispersing. It is required rather to follow the ‘smooth’ course in the crystal. The light does this up until it comes across the nanocavity. The nanocavity is just a little variance in the hole pattern. A single hole might have a various size, or its position might vary somewhat from the others. The light gets captured in the nanocavity and is shown back. The nanocavity hence acts like a mirror. Since the behaviour of the light is based upon the concepts of Fano resonance, this location in the laser is called a Fano mirror. However, a few of the caught light leaves from the nanocavity. It leaves in routine pulses with a stable strength. Using electrodes around the nanocavity, the wavelength (colour) of the light shown from the Fano mirror can be altered. This enables the light signal that the laser releases to be altered, and this function can be utilized to transform an electrical signal into a light signal that can be transferred over the Internet and to the receiver.

Source: TechnicalUniversity of Denmark

New post published on: https://livescience.tech/2018/06/28/microscopic-laser-attracting-attention-science-and-technology-research-news/

[inhandnetworks-blog]

New Method Speeds up Stabilization of Chaotic Syste ATM Remote Diagnostic  ms

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The new findings of the scientists in Göttingen suggest that the reaction times of the robot Amos can be significantly reduced. Credit: Poramate Manoonpong and Florentin Wörgötter, University of Göttingen and Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Göttingen

A team of researchers has developed a new method to speed up the stabilization of chaotic systems.

When chaos threatens, speed is essential; for example, when a pacemaker needs to stabilize an irregular heartbeat or a robot has to react to the information received from its environment. Both cases require imposing a stable, organized state on a chaotic system. Scientists from the Max Planck Insti Industrial IoT Gateway  tute for Dynamics and Self-Organization in Göttingen, the Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Göttingen and the University of Göttingen have developed a method for accelerating control. The key to success: A less invasive approach that cleverly exploits the natural behavior of the system.

When the ground beneath Amos starts to rise, the insectoid robot can skilfully adapt to the changing conditions. After only a moment’s hesitation, he autonomously switches gait and selects a different movement pattern for his six legs, suitable for climbing the slope. To do this low-cost cellular router , Amos’ “brain”, a comparatively tiny network with few circuits, has to work at full tilt. Can this “thought process” be accelerated? Scientists in Göttingen think so. Their calculations show how Amos’ reaction times can be significantly reduced.

The autonomous six-legged robot was developed three years ago and subsequently optimized by a team led by theoretical physicist Marc Timme, who, together with his Research Group, works at the Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization and headed the new study along with robotics expert Poramate Manoonpong from the University of Göttingen. However, the new method is not just suitable for robots such as Amos; basically, it can be applied to any chaotic system where a certain degree of control is required. “Every chaotic system is very susceptible to interference”, Marc Timme explains. Even the smallest external change may trigger a completely different behavior. In Amos’ case, chaos means that his “brain” would produce a chaotic activity pattern with signals flying in all directions.

Given the occasional nudge, a chaotic system will stabilize itself

In order to organise this chaotic pattern, the system requires help. Scientists speak of “chaos control”. The most common methods used begin by trying to calculate the behavior of the system in the near future. The second step is to transform this information into a control signal which is used to correct the development of the system – a gentle nudge to bring it back on track.

However, the Göttingen-based research team has demonstrated that less intervention can be more effective. “The trick is to limit the number of times we push the system towards the required stable state”, says Max Planck researcher Christian Bick. “By giving the system the freedom to develop on its own from time to time, we achieve the desired result faster.” Physicists call this a self-organized process.

“At first glance, this method may seem roundabout”, Bick admits. However, the self-stabilization of the system is actually very efficient and fast. Only occasional external interventions are required to make sure that the path chosen by the system does not deviate from the right track.

The new method can be a thousand times faster

Depending on the system, the new method may easily be 100 or 1000 times faster, and requires significantly fewer interventions. “What’s more, theoretically this would permit stabilization of very complex movement patterns for Amos”, Timme adds. Until now, the more complex the string of movements and thereby the respective activity pattern are, the harder the pattern to stabil Cost effective  ize. “Our method implies that Amos can select new gaits which were not feasible before.”

So far, the new method is only a theoretical concept. However, the next step is to try it out on Amos behaving in the real world. Other applications are also plausible, for example, where chaos control is used to stabilize cardiac rhythms or to operate chaotic lasers.

Publication: Christian Bick, et al., “Stalling chaos control accelerates convergence,” 2013, New J. Phys., 15, 063038; doi:10.1088/1367-2630/15/6/063038

Image: Poramate Manoonpong and Florentin Wörgötter, University of Göttingen and Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Göttingen

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