#indehiscent

[tenth-sentence]

The fleshy fruits that we are most familiar with are indehiscent and occur in a variety of forms.

"Plant Physiology and Development" int'l 6e - Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I.M., Murphy, A.

[dailybotany]

I'm currently working on diagrams for the students I'm TAing for and I thought I'd share the first couple here!

We're working on fruit types right now. Fruit terminology is heavily based on developmental morphology, particularly how many carpels (ovary units) the fruit develops from and what ovary layers develop into what.

Drupes are a fleshy, indehiscent fruit formed from a single superior ovary/carpel and generally contain only one seed, encased in a lignified/schlerenchymatous endocarp. A common example is a cherry!

The diagram on the left is useful to understand the developmental progression from flower to fruit.

[pandemic-info]

I don’t understand why people don’t care more about their brains. From discussions with friends and acquaintances, it seems some people believe they have safety nets: they feel they can “afford” to trade their mental clarity, bit by bit, for the exhilaration of partying. (1/5)

And some really do have safety nets. They’re confident that if they develop long COVID, they’ll have a soft landing—cushioned by generational wealth, fully loaded pensions, and extended family who’ll be thrilled to support them through their impairment. (2/5)

But, first, some of us don’t. Some of us have to protect our cognitive faculties because they’re very nearly all we have. Some of us don’t appreciate being called killjoys for wanting to protect ourselves from brain damage, financial ruin, and homelessness. (3/5)

Second, I think even the fortunate among us will find their safety nets flimsier than they appear. Savings can drain quickly. Friends and family have a habit of vanishing when you’re no longer useful. (4/5)

Via https://twitter.com/indehisce/status/1587959328899846147

[bellafragolina]

Thin mints are one of my favourite cookies- I wouldn't mind just having those lol but understandable. Also-

"A nut can be defined as a one- seeded fruit. With that loose definition, a coconut can also be a nut. However, a coconut is not a true nut. A true nut, such as the acorn, are indehiscent or do not open at maturity to release its seeds."

damn

coconut not a true nut

damn considered the coconut too much now i'm sad for it

lololol

thin mints are not my thing, but i'm glad you like them. my good buddies in the scouts liked them a lot too, and they were the best, so that makes you the best too lolol

~Reee

[botanyone]

The Journey of a Tropical Plant Tribe from Africa to the Americas

The Journey of a Tropical Plant Tribe from Africa to the Americas https://ift.tt/VBXtYxm The disjunct distribution of plant species, in which seemingly similar populations are found in geographically distant locations, has long fascinated scientists. A new study by Jenifer Lopes and colleagues, published in Annals of Botany, investigated the long-distance dispersal pathways of plant tribe Bocageeae across continents and within South America revealing that their success resulted from their ability to attract a diverse range of frugivore dispersers.  Members of the Bocageeae. (C) Cardiopetalum calophyllum Schltdl., fruit, dehiscent monocarps. (D, E) Cymbopetalum brasiliense (Vell.) Benth. ex Baill. (D) Flower. (E) Apocarpous fruit. (F) Mkilua fragrans Verdc. Flower. (G) Hornschuchia myrtillus Nee; flowers. (H, I) Porcelia macrocarpa (Warm.) R.E. Fr. (H) Flowers. (I) Apocarpous fruit. Photographs by: Kuhlmann (2018) (C); Tarcísio Leão (D, E); Thomas L. P. Couvreur (F); Renato Mello-Silva (G); and Otávio Marques (H, I). Source Lopes et al. 2023. Bocageeae is a diverse lineage of flowering plants native to the tropics. These plants, characterized by their large, fleshy fruits, have managed to move between Africa and the Americas, establishing themselves across the Neotropics, the tropical region of the Americas.  To unravel the evolutionary history and dispersal mechanisms of Bocageeae, Jenifer Lopes and colleagues reconstructed a detailed family tree using genetic data from 70% of the tribe’s species. Their analysis revealed that the tribe originated in Africa during the Early Eocene, around 55 million years ago. From there, they embarked on a journey, crossing the ancient Atlantic Ocean via the Boreotropics land bridge to reach South America, where they became firmly established.  Interestingly, the researchers discovered that the ancestral Bocageeae plants had large, dehiscent fruits, a characteristic that suggests they were adapted for dispersal by large mammals that could swallow and then defecate the intact seeds. This dispersal mode, known as endozoochory, is particularly effective for long-distance dispersal, as seeds can travel long distances within an animal’s digestive system.  Over time, the Bocageeae lineage diversified, giving rise to distinct groups adapted to different Neotropical regions and biomes. These adaptations included transitions in fruit morphology, such as the evolution of smaller, indehiscent fruits that were more attractive to smaller frugivores like birds and bats.  The reconstructed ancestral fruit of Bocageeae suggests that both the mammal trait syndrome with large fruits and seeds and few monocarps; or the bird trait syndrome with dehiscent with bright coloured fruits may have been possible. Lopes et al. 2023 The research team concluded that the long-distance dispersal of Bocageeae was likely facilitated by a variety of frugivores, which in their constant search for food, played a crucial role in transporting seeds across vast distances, enabling plants to conquer new territories.  The story of Bocageeae highlights the ability of plants to overcome geographical barriers and establish themselves in distant lands and sheds new light on the interconnected history of plant evolution, dispersal ability, and frugivore-mediated migration. READ THE ARTICLE Lopes, J.C., Fonseca, L.H.M., Johnson, D.M., Luebert, F., Murray, N., Nge, F.J., Rodrigues-Vaz, C., Soulé, V., Onstein, R.E., Lohmann, L.G. and Couvreur, T.L.P. (2023) “Dispersal from Africa to the Neotropics was followed by multiple transitions across Neotropical biomes facilitated by frugivores,” Annals of Botany. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcad175. Cover: Cardiopetalum calophyllum by M/ Kuhlmann. The post The Journey of a Tropical Plant Tribe from Africa to the Americas appeared first on Botany One. via Botany One https://botany.one/ January 12, 2024 at 06:54PM

[dichotomy-of-the-day]

Everything in reality is either dehiscent or indehiscent.

[oscarisaacasimov]

drupe appreciation post

The definitive characteristic of a drupe is that the hard "lignified" stone is derived from the ovary wall of the flower.

A drupe (or stone fruit) is an "indehiscent" type of fruit in which an outer fleshy part (exocarp or skin, and mesocarp or flesh) surrounds a single shell (the pit, stone, or pyrena) of hardened endocarp with a seed (kernel) inside.

These fruits usually develop from a single carpel, and mostly from flowers with "superior ovaries."

Bramble fruits (such as the blackberry or the raspberry) are aggregates of drupelets.

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drupe

TL;DR - God really made all the best treats and named them Drupes

[whats-in-a-sentence]

Much of what we know about the development of fleshy, indehiscent fruits has come from the work on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a member of the nightshade family (Solanaceae) (Figure 21.34A). (...) In fleshy fruits, cell division is usually followed by massive cell expansion (Figure 21.34B).

"Plant Physiology and Development" int'l 6e - Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I.M., Murphy, A.

[marketing123456789]

Almond Ingredients Market Share, Size, Innovations, Trending Technology, Key Driver, Services, Solution and Demand Forecast by 2032

Future Market Insights finds that the global almond ingredients market is set to be valued at USD 9 Billion in 2032.

The increasing demand for healthy and nutritional products contributes significantly to the steady increase in the number of almond-based products. Growing geriatric and obese populations in developed countries such as Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States demand food products containing nut ingredients, particularly almonds.

Consumers are gradually adopting healthy eating habits in order to prevent disease. Growing health consciousness increased chronic disease risk, and lifestyle changes are some of the major factors driving demand for nutritious and healthier products.

Request for Sample@https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/sample/rep-gb-11262

To meet consumer demand, food and beverage manufacturers use marketing strategies such as product line extensions, innovative formulations, and novel packaging. Manufacturers are developing new products for health-conscious consumers that contain unwanted nutrients such as fats and sugars. Furthermore, “natural” products have been the leading trend in product launches in recent years. Product launches that make claims about the absence of additives and the presence of clean-label ingredients are also appealing to consumers.

Key Takeaways from Market Study

Between 2022 and 2032, China’s market is expected to grow at the fastest CAGR of 7%.

The consumption of roasted almond nuts in Germany increased from 343,000 to 415,000 tonnes.

The almond ingredients industry in India is growing as a result of changing customer lifestyles and rising disposable income.

The growing emphasis on developing quality food products with plant-based and gluten-free ingredients is driving the growth rate of the almond ingredients market in the United States.

Because of their health benefits, almond-based snacks are becoming increasingly popular in the United Kingdom. This is driving up demand for almond ingredients in the UK.

“Rising customer health consciousness, increased awareness of lipid transfer proteins in almond ingredients, rising demand for almond and indehiscent fruit snack bars, and increased investment by key players to develop quality almond ingredients are expected to drive the growth of the Almond Ingredients Market between 2022 and 2032,” says a Future Market Insights analyst.

Competitive Landscape

In order to meet the growing demand for almond ingredients, market players have adopted various business strategies such as expansions, new product launches, agreements, partnerships, collaborations, and acquisitions in recent years.

Hughson Nut was acquired by Olam International Limited (Singapore) in December 2019. (California). This aided the company in expanding its almond ingredient capacity and meeting rising demand from customers both within and outside the United States.

Blue Diamond Growers signed a multiyear licencing partnership agreement with Grupo LAlA (Mexico), a leading healthy and nutritious food company, in February 2019. This agreement would assist the company in selling and distributing its “Almond Breeze” almond milk/beverage in Mexico.

DM, Royal Nut Company., TREEHOUSE ALMONDS, The Wonderful Company LLC., Kanegrade., SAVENCIA SA, BORGES AGRICULTURAL & INDUSTRIAL NUTS, S.A, JOHN B. SANFILIPPO & SON, INC., Blue Diamond Growers, and others are major players in the almond ingredients market.

Explore More Valuable Insights

Future Market Insights, in its new report, offers an impartial analysis of the global almond ingredients market, presenting historical data (2017-2021) and estimation statistics for the forecast period of 2022-2032.

The study offers compelling insights based on type (Whole Almonds, Almond Pieces, Almond Flour, Almond Milk, Other types, Sablages, Almond oil, Crocants, Flavor extracts) application (Snacks, Bars, Bakery, Confectionery, Milk substitutes & ice creams, Nut & Seed butter, RTE Cereals, Salads, Sauces, Artisan foods, Food services, Other processed foods, Cosmetic applications) region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East, Africa).

Key Segments

By Type:

Whole Almonds

Almond Pieces

Almond Flour

Almond Milk

Sablages

Almond Oil

Crocants

Flavor Extracts

By Application:

Snacks

Bars

Bakery

Confectionery

Milk Substitutes & Ice-Creams

Nut & Seed Butter

RTE Cereals

Salads

Sauces

Artisan Foods

Food Services

Cosmetic Applications

Other Processed Foods

By Region:

North America

Europe

Asia Pacific

Latin America

Middle East and Africa

View Full Report @ https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/almond-ingredients-market

About Future Market Insights (FMI) Future Market Insights, Inc. is an ESOMAR-certified business consulting & market research firm, a member of the Greater New York Chamber of Commerce and is headquartered in Delaware, USA. A recipient of Clutch Leaders Award 2022 on account of high client score (4.9/5), we have been collaborating with global enterprises in their business transformation journey and helping them deliver on their business ambitions. 80% of the largest Forbes 1000 enterprises are our clients. We serve global clients across all leading & niche market segments across all major industries.

[teeresearch]

Almond Ingredients Market - Forecast 2022 - 2027

Almond Ingredients Market Overview

Almond Ingredients Market size was $8,135 million in 2020, growing at a CAGR of 7.2% during the forecast period 2021-2026. Almonds are a nutrient-dense nut that is high in protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, and other nutrients. Almond ingredients include almond products in many forms, such as bits, flour, milk, and so on. Almond ingredients are high in health benefits and are consumed by a huge number of people. For example, almond milk, which has an almond component is popular among lactose-intolerant users. Almond ingredients are used in various applications such as baking, confectionery, snacks and bars, ice creams, and so on. The significant nutritional content of almond ingredients benefits consumers. Almonds are versatile and healthy foods that may be employed in many cuisine applications due to their high mineral and vitamin content. The increasing number of almond-based product releases by prominent companies in the food and beverage sector is fueling the growth of the Almond Ingredients Market. Demand for almond components is being driven by consumers’ rising choice for plant-based and gluten-free goods, as well as organizations and associations promoting the nut ingredient industry.

Report Coverage 

The report: “Almond Ingredients Market – Forecast (2021-2026)”, by IndustryARC covers an in-depth analysis of the following segments of the Almond Ingredients Market.

By Ingredients: Almond Butter (Flavored Almond Butter, Unflavored Almond Butter), Almond Milk (Aseptic Almond Milk, Refrigerated Almond Milk), Dry Roasted Almonds, Raw Almonds, Raw Almond Pieces, Almond Protein Powder, Almond Flour, Flavored Whole Almonds, Flavored Almond Pieces, Almond Oil, Others

By Application: Nutrition Bars, Nut Butter, Dairy Alternatives (Yogurt, Cheese, Ice Cream and Frozen Dessert, Protein Powder, Others), Snacks (Crackers, Snack Mixes, Others), Bakery & Baked Goods, Confectionery, Hot & Cold Cereal, other

By Geography: North America (U.S., Canada, Mexico), Europe (Germany, U.K., France, Italy, Spain, Russia and Rest of Europe), Asia Pacific (China, Japan, India, South Korea, Australia & New Zealand, and Rest of Asia Pacific), and Rest of the World (Middle East, Africa & South America).

Inquiry Before Buying

Key Takeaways

Shifting consumers’ preference to plant-based foods coupled with key market players’ increasing innovative product launches are accelerating the almond ingredients over the forecast years 2021-2026. 

The habit of gifting nuts is gaining traction in various areas, particularly in India during festivals, which is projected to boost the Almond Ingredients Market. Furthermore, there is a significant demand for Almonds owing to the growing use of nuts as an after-meal snack.

However, Almond prices fluctuate owing to seasonal changes in production, and increased global demand for almonds from growing countries such as China and India are hampering the market growth. Variations in demand, production levels, and changes in tariff regulations are the main causes of price volatility. 

Asia-Pacific region is projected to record the fastest growth rate during the forecast period 2021-2026. The bakery industry in this region is growing rapidly owing to the rising consumption of cakes, bread, snacks, and the growing demand for convenient food options.

According to “The Economic Times,” in the 11-year period from 2007 to 2018, the price of almonds increased by 4.4%. Over the last three years (2016-2019), the annualized volatility of almond spot prices has been 13.23%. 

Almond Ingredients Market Segment Analysis – By Ingredients:

Based on Ingredients, Raw Almonds segment is accounted for the largest revenue market share in 2020 for Almond Ingredients Market. This increase is owing to the factors such as increased consumer knowledge of the health advantages of raw almonds and increased demand in the food sector for raw almonds and indehiscent fruits. Almonds significantly increased antioxidant levels in the bloodstream, decreased blood pressure, and improved blood flow. The Almond Ingredients Market is expanding as raw almonds become more commercially accessible. Raw almonds are a versatile ingredient used in various ways, including confectionery, baking, and snacking. Furthermore, the market is expected to see increased demand as a result of the growing popularity of almonds as a snack. The Almond Oil segment is poised to grow with the fastest CAGR of 12.2% in the forecast period 2021-2026. It helps to maintain a healthy weight by promoting heart health, stabilizing blood sugar levels, preventing free radical damage, and promoting heart health. Additionally, almond oil is a great moisturizer for both skin and hair, and it even helps prevent stretch marks and protect skin from sun damage. Almond oil is an anti-inflammatory; therefore, it assists with skin swelling. All of these elements contribute to the market’s expansion.

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Almond Ingredients Market Segment Analysis – By Application:

Based on the Application, the Snacks segment is accounted for the largest revenue market share in 2020 for Almond Ingredients Market. This increase is owing to the increased consumption of various snacks made of almonds. During the pandemic, crackers’ product demand increases continuously owing to rising snack consumption, and people demand healthy snacks. So, manufacturers are using almonds in crackers which provides good taste and health benefits that are rising the sales of crackers. Consumer demand for healthier savory snacks forces companies to get creative with new snack mixes that are growing the development in snack mixes. As a result, there is a significant need for nutritious snacks. For instance, in August 2019, Kellogg’s Nutri Grain introduced Nuts & Bolts Trail Mix, its first savory snack product. The new snack is available in three flavors: Original Spice, Smokey BBQ, and Sweet Chilli, and incorporates Nutri-Grain, peanuts, and spices, as well as sliced almonds. Protein powder segment is poised to grow with the fastest CAGR of 11.3% in the forecast period 2021-2026. Rising adoption of fitness among the population increases the demand for protein that is rising the consumption of protein supplements. About 74% of consumers are selecting almond protein smoothies owing to their delicious taste and also by the rising trend of veganism. In 2017-2018, Germany accounted for 15% of all new vegan food and drink product releases worldwide. According to a study conducted by the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture, about 35% of the population considers the availability of vegetarian or vegan products to be “extremely important,” and 63% of Germans are attempting to reduce their meat consumption, making Germany one of the world’s most vegetarian countries.

Almond Ingredients Market Segment Analysis – By Geography

Based on Geography, Europe Almond Ingredients accounted for the 35% revenue share in 2020. This is majorly attributed to the health benefits, the consumption of almond-based snacks is on the rise in the region. The rise in demand for more nutritious foods, as well as the difficulties of a big population with high obesity rates, have been driving forces behind the growth of this industry. For instance, the consumption of roasted almond nuts in Germany increased from 343,000 to 415,000 tons in 2018-2019, according to the Federal Association of the German Confectionery Industry. As a result of consumers’ increasing preference for healthy foods, almond ingredients goods are becoming more popular in this region. Moreover, in 2020, over 148.3 million almonds were imported into Germany as consumer demand for almonds grew. Manufacturers may also offer a wider range of products with the support of almonds, which leads to increased consumer demand. Asia-Pacific market is poised to grow with the fastest CAGR of 8.8% in the forecast period 2021-2026 as consumers are shifting their preference towards healthy snacks that are made from almond ingredients such as almond milk almond butter etc. Moreover, Chinese consumers are increasingly interested in plant-based foods, so manufacturers are using almond milk and almond butter to create cakes, pastries, and many more products. 

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Almond Ingredients Market Drivers

Growing Adoption of Plant-Based Products is Fuelling Ingredients Demand: 

Consumer preferences for health, ethics, and sustainability are driving a massive shift towards plant-based beverages. Plant-based beverages like almond milk are a welcome alternative for people who can’t or won’t drink cow’s milk. According to research conducted by The Vegan Society, the vegan population in America increased by 600% from 2014 to 2019, generating new potential for plant-based products over the forecast period. Vegans make about 3-4% of the population in the United States, depending on their age group. The significance of vegan supplements in enhancing endurance is predicted to play a part in market expansion, with many well-known athletes adopting vegan dietary trends. Between 2018 and 2019, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics reported a rise of over 8% in the usage of plant-based supplements in prescription diets focused on reducing deficiency issues in the U.S. This trend is expected to continue even after the covid-19 pandemic has passed. As a result of the transition toward a plant-based diet, consumers are looking for plant-based protein supplements, which bodes well for plant-based beverage manufacturers in the long run. Rather than purchasing whey-based protein powders, for example, the majority of customers opt for plant-based protein powders like almonds.

Increasing Prevalence of Lactose Intolerance is Providing New Avenues to Market Expansion:

Owing to the dietary benefits of almond components such as almond milk and almond protein powder, lactose intolerance induced by milk protein is on the rise. Buyers are more inclined to adopt plant-based beverages as lactose intolerance and milk protein intolerance, as well as food allergies, are on the rise in the plant-based beverage industry. According to the U.S. National Library of Medicine, lactose intolerance is most common in people of East Asian heritage, with more than 90% of adults in these groups suffering from the disease. Preventing symptoms of lactose intolerance or a cow milk protein allergy is one of the most common medical reasons for choosing plant-based milk products. This allergy affects 2 to 5% of children under the age of three according to doctors. Adults have a lower infection rate than children. Certain people prefer plant-based milk products over cow’s milk as they believe they are more sustainable, ethical, or healthier.

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Almond Ingredients Market Challenges

Raw Material Costs Are In A State Of Flux Hampering the Market Growth:

Almond prices fluctuate owing to the seasonal changes in production and increased global demand for almonds from growing countries such as China and India. Variations in demand, production levels, and changes in tariff regulations are the main causes of price volatility. Owing to the drought in southern California, which is the primary almond-growing region, the local government has imposed restrictions on water intake from rivers and aquifers. Growers are compelled to harvest smaller nuts owing to the lack of water for almond trees, resulting in a shortage of huge almonds. The price of almonds has been affected by the continuous growth and decline in global demand for almonds, particularly in China and India. The lack of almonds and fluctuating pricing are wreaking havoc on distributors and food producers. Changing raw material costs have an impact on the profit growth of food and beverage firms.

Almond Ingredients Market Segment Landscape:

Product launches, mergers and acquisitions, joint ventures, and geographical expansions are key strategies adopted by players in the Almond Ingredients Market. Almond Ingredients Market top 10 companies include:

ADM

Olam International Limited

Barry Callebaut

Sran Family Orchards, Inc.

Kanegrade

Borges Agriculture & Industrial Nuts

Dohler GmbH

The Wonderful Company

Harris Woolf California Almonds

Acquisitions/Product Launches: 

In June 2021, Blue Diamond launched its new line of spicy Blue Diamond XTREMES™ almonds. These product lines are the hottest flavor line in the portfolio and deliver a mouth-blazing satisfaction that heat-seekers can’t find just anywhere.

For more Food and Beverage Market related reports, please click here

[meghchowdhury]

Tong Garden Salted Pistachios 30g

A nut is a fruit consisting of a hard or tough nutshell protecting a kernel which is usually edible. In general usage and in a culinary sense, a wide variety of dry seeds are called nuts, but in a botanical context "nut" implies that the shell does not open to release the seed (indehiscent).

Most seeds come from fruits that naturally free themselves from the shell, but this is not the case in nuts such as hazelnuts, chestnuts, and acorns, which have hard shell walls and originate from a compound ovary. The general and original usage of the term is less restrictive, and many nuts (in the culinary sense), such as almonds, pecans, pistachios, walnuts, and Brazil nuts, are not nuts in a botanical sense. Common usage of the term often refers to any hard-walled, edible kernel as a nut. Nuts are an energy-dense and nutrient-rich food source

A seed is the mature fertilised ovule of a plant; it consists of three parts, the embryo which will develop into a new plant, stored food for the embryo, and a protective seed coat. Botanically, a nut is a fruit with a woody pericarp developing from a syncarpous gynoecium. Nuts may be contained in an involucre, a cup-shaped structure formed from the flower bracts. The involucre may be scaly, spiny, leafy or tubular, depending on the species of nut. Most nuts come from the pistils with inferior ovaries (see flower) and all are indehiscent (not opening at maturity). True nuts are produced, for example, by some plant families of the order Fagales. These include beech (Fagus), chestnut (Castanea), oak (Quercus), stone-oak (Lithocarpus) and tanoak (Notholithocarpus) in the family Fagaceae, as well as hazel, filbert (Corylus) and hornbeam (Carpinus) in the family Betulaceae.Also widely known as nuts are dry drupes, which include pecans (Carya illinoensis), almonds (Prunus amygdalus), macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia), candlenut (Aleurites moluccanus), water caltrop (Trapa bicornis) and walnuts (Juglans regia). A drupe is an indehiscent fruit which has an outer fleshy part consisting of the exocarp, or skin, and mesocarp, or flesh, which surround a single pit or stone, the endocarp with a seed (kernel) inside. In a dry drupe, the outer parts dry up and the remaining husk is part of the ovary wall or pericarp, and the hard inner wall surrounding the seed represents the inner part of the pericarp.

[kevinscottgardens]

22 au 28 août 2022

Atlantis cruise : a week in pictures...

Day at sea

Santorini

Mykonos

Bodrum

Day at sea

Messina

Napoli

Plant of the week

Asteraceae Catananche caerulea L.

common name(s) - Cupid’s dart synonym(s) - Catananche bicolor Voss; Catananche caerulea var. caerulea; Catananche caerulea var. ochroleuca Maire; Catananche caerulea var. propinqua (Pomel) Hochr.; Catananche caerulea var. tenuis Ball; Catananche caerulea var. tlemcenensis Faure; Catananche carpholepis Nyman; Catananche propinqua Pomel; Cupidonia caerulea Bubani conservation rating - none native to -Central Europe to western Mediterranean location - Domaine de l’Orangerie leaves - basal rosette of many linear leaves, which may be entire or are pinnately incised, creating linear lobes mostly directed towards the tip; are covered in long soft woolly hairs (pilose) lying on the surface, giving both leaf surfaces a greyish green colour; tips may be blunt or pointy, and the blade gradually narrows to the main vein at the base of the leaf; from the heart of the rosette one or a few, strongly branched, erect, woolly haired and greyish green flowering stems rise and carry only a few leaves, similar to the basal leaves, with up to four lateral lobes flowers - set individually at the end of a branch, with a few small papery bracts, more densely set near the flowerhead which is enclosed in an involucre; individual bracts are papery, egg-shaped, hairless and ending abruptly in a small sharp point as a continuation of the darker coloured midrib; the common base at which the florets are implanted (or receptacle) is flat, with a scale subtending every floret; the ligulate florets have a bluish purple strap ending in five teeth, while the tube is darker fruit - one-seeded indehiscent fruit (cypsela) is cylindrical with five to ten longitudal ribs, and is crowned with papery pappus scales habit - short-lived perennial herbaceous plant, to 900mm high and 500mm wide habitat - naturally occurs on disturbed, young or eroded, carbonaceous soils, in plant communities consisting of dwarf shrubs and perennials pests - generally pest-free disease - powdery mildews hardiness - to -15ºC (H5) soil - well-drained chalk, sand or loam sun - full sun propagation - seed, by division in spring, by root cuttings in winter pruning - cut back after flowering nomenclature - Asteraceae - aster - star; Catananche - Greek κατάνάγκη (katanagkē), itself a contraction of κατά (kata), "down" and άνάγκη (anagkē), "force", is "compulsion", which is suggested to refer to the use of this plant in love potions; caerulea - heavenly blue NB - supposedly used by the ancient Greeks as a key ingredient in a love potion, hence the common name Cupid's dart.

References :

Gledhill, David, (2008) “The Names of Plants”, fourth edition; Cambridge University Press; ISBN: 978-0-52168-553-5

IUCN [online] http://www.iucnredlist.org/search [1 Oct 22]

Plants of the World [online] https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:189609-1 [1 Oct 22]

Royal Horticultural Society [online] https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/24141/i-catananche-caerulea-i/details [1 Oct 22]

Wikipedia [online] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catananche_caerulea [1 Oct 22]

World Flora Online [online] http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000129290 [1 Oct 22]

[wild-neko]

https://twitter.com/indehisce/status/1566135126836264962