#ionic silver

[pure-colloids]

Ionic Silver - Pure Colloids

Ionic Silver refers to silver particles that are in the form of ions, specifically silver ions (Ag+), in a solution. Unlike metallic silver, which consists of neutral silver atoms, ionic silver is formed when silver atoms lose one or more electrons, resulting in positively charged ions.

[whats-in-a-sentence]

To do this, a covalent index is plotted versus an ionic index (Fig. 13.2).

Overall, considering a natural sample containing a variety of ligands with different donor atoms (e.g. humic material), the tendency to exist in complexed down might be expected to follow an angled trend, as shown in Fig. 13.2.

"Environmental Chemistry: A Global Perspective", 4e - Gary W. VanLoon & Stephen J. Duffy

[namidew]

Hermes, Dionysus, and Apollo (my favorite brother trio)

Purple pals, with purple plants in their hair (with no accidental secret meaning behind them)

Design updates for Hermes and Dionysus, ramblings below !!

Hermes - The trim of his chlamys is now a green color (although he likely changes it based on what he's doing) and he wears a black ionic chiton underneath symbolizing one of his roles as a psychopomp. The clamp has a wing insignia on it, its silver color matching the other silver jewelry, denoting his domain of commerce.

Dionysus - The grape vines over his head wrap around it loosely, denoting the at first subtle hold that alcohol can have over a person, which can lead to drunken madness. This curling pattern is repeated on his himation. The dense foliage over his shoulders represents his domain of vegetation, also having a faint leopard pattern on the leaves.

Thank you for reading !!

[areyoufuckingcrazy]

“The Butcher and The Wolf” Pt.1

Commander Wolffe x Princess Reader

Summary: On the eve of her planet’s first cultural festival in fifteen years, a disguised princess shares an unforgettable night with Clone Commander Wolffe on Coruscant. By morning, secrets, sassy droids, and a high‑stakes security briefing threaten to upend duty, reputation, and the delicate opening of her world to the Republic.

A/N: The planet and culture is entirely made up.

The gunship descended through Coruscant’s evening traffic like a steel predator, repulsors howling against the cross‑winds that curled between transparisteel towers. Inside, six clone commanders—Cody, Bly, Gree, Fox, Bacara, and Wolffe—occupied the troop bay in various stages of fatigue. They were returning from Outer‑Rim rotations, summoned straight to the capital for what the Chancellor’s aide had called a “priority diplomatic security brief.”

Wolffe used the flight to skim intel. A blue holotablet glowed in his flesh‑and‑steel hands, displaying the dossier of the delegation scheduled to arrive from Karthuna—an independent Mid‑Rim world geographically unremarkable, culturally singular.

Karthuna: quick file

• Isolated, mountainous planet of evergreen valleys and obsidian cliffs.

• Atmosphere saturated with trace kyber particulates—reason scholars cite for the population’s universal Force sensitivity.

• Government: hereditary monarchy tempered by a warrior senate.

• Religion: none. Karthunese creed teaches that the Force is lifeblood, neither moral compass nor deity.

• Average citizen competency: lightsaber fabrication by age fifteen; state‑sponsored martial tutelage from age six.

The data fascinated the commanders—especially the by‑line marked Princess [Y/N], Crown Heir, War‑Chief, locals refer to her as “The Butcher.”

Wolffe scrolled. Combat footage played: a tall woman striding through volcanic ash, twin‑bladed plasmablade in constant motion, severing MagnaGuards like wheat. Every slash bled molten silver where molten metal met crystal‑laced air.

Psych‑profile excerpt

“Displays strategic brilliance and extreme kinetic aggression.

Disregards conventional ‘light/dark’ dichotomy—identifies only ‘strength’ and ‘weakness in harmony with the Force.’

Post‑engagement behavior: known to laugh while binding her own wounds.”

Fox leaned over, eyebrow visible above his red ocher tattoo. “That’s the princess we’re babysitting?”

“Exactly,” Wolffe answered, voice rough like gravel in a barrel. “And tomorrow she sits across the table from half the Senate.”

Bly grinned, toying with the jaig‑eyes painted on his pauldron. “At least the briefing won’t be boring.”

⸻

79’s was hellishly loud tonight: drum‑bass remixes of Huttese trance, vibro‑floors that tingled through plastoid boots, neon that reflected off rows of white armor like carnival glass. The smell was ionic sweat, fried nuna wings, and spiced lum.

Wolffe anchored the bar, helmet on the counter, already two fingers into Corellian rye. Cody lounged to his left, Rex to his right—fresh in from a 501st escort shift and still humming combat adrenaline.

“Can’t believe you two convinced me out,” Wolffe growled.

“Brother, you need it,” Rex said, clinking glasses. “Whole Wolfpack can feel when you’re wound tighter than a detonator.”

“Give him five minutes,” Cody stage‑whispered. “He’ll be scanning exits instead of the drink menu.”

“Already am,” Wolffe deadpanned, which made them both laugh.

The cantina doors parted and conversation sagged a note—she glided in. Cropped flight jacket, fitted vest, high‑waist cargo shorts; thigh‑high laces and a thin bronze braid that caught the lights like a comet tail. She had the effortless cheer of someone stepping onto a favorite holovid set—eyes round with delight, grin wide enough to beam through the floor.

She wedged in beside Wolffe, flagging the bartender with two raised fingers. “Double lum, splash of tihaar—one for me, one for the glum commander.”

Wolffe arched a brow but accepted the glass. “You always buy drinks for strangers?”

“Only the ones glaring at their reflection.” She tapped his untouched visor. He couldn’t help a huff of amusement.

Cody’s own brow shot up; Rex’s eyes widened in instant recognition. Princess [Y/N] of Karthuna—The Butcher—yet here she was in civvies, acting like any tourist who’d lost a bet with Coruscant nightlife.

Rex leaned close to Cody, speaking behind a raised hand. “That’s her, isn’t it?”

“Credits to spice‑cakes.”

“She hasn’t told him?”

“Not a word.”

Rex smirked. “Five‑credit chip says Wolffe figures it out before sunrise.”

Cody shook his head. “He won’t know until she walks into the briefing at 0900. Make it ten.”

They clasped forearms on it.

The woman matched Wolffe sip for sip, story for story. Where his anecdotes were sparse, hers were color‑splattered and comedic.

When the DJ shifted into a thumping remix of the Republic anthem, she grabbed Wolffe’s wrist.

“I don’t dance,” he protested.

“You walk in circles around objectives, right? Close enough!”

She dragged him into the crush of bodies. To his surprise, he found a rhythm—left, pivot, step; her laughter bubbled each time his armor plates bumped someone else’s. Cody whooped from the bar. Rex held up a timer on his datapad, mouthing 48 minutes left.

At the chorus, She spun under Wolffe’s arm, back colliding with his chest. Up close he saw faint, silvery scars beneath the vest’s armhole—evidence of battles that matched his own. Yet her eyes stayed bright, unburdened, as if scars were simply postcards of places she’d loved.

“Commander,” she teased above the music, “tell me something you enjoy that isn’t war.”

He paused. “Mechanic work—tuning AT‑RT gyros. Clean clicks calm my head.”

“See? You do have hobbies.” She tapped his nose. “Next round on me.”

Back at the bar Rex leaned over to Cody, “He’s smiling. That counts as suspicion.”

“Wolffe smiles once a rotation. Still ignorant.”

⸻

Near 02:00, after shared tihaar shots and a disastrous attempt at holo‑sabacc, She flicked a glance toward the exit.

“City lights look better from my place,” she offered, voice honey‑slow. “I’ve got caf strong enough to wake a hibernating wampa if you need to report at oh‑dark‑hundred.”

Wolffe’s lips twitched. “Lead the way.”

As they weaved out, Cody elbowed Rex. “Timer’s off. Still clueless.”

“Sunrise isn’t here yet,” Rex countered.

“Credits say briefing,” Cody insisted, pocketing the imaginary winnings.

⸻

Lift doors slid open to a loft bathed in city‑glow: vibro‑harp strings hanging from ceiling beams, half‑assembled speeder parts on the coffee table, and a breathtaking skyline framed by floor‑to‑ceiling transparisteel. Nothing screamed royalty—just a warrior’s crash‑pad with too many hobbies.

She kicked the door shut, tossed her jacket aside, then hooked a finger in the lip of Wolffe’s breastplate. “Armor off, Commander. Café’s percolating, but first—I want to map every one of those scars.”

His growl was more pleasure than warning. “Fair trade. I’m charting yours.”

Outside, airspeeder traffic stitched luminous threads across Coruscant night. Inside, two soldiers—one famous, one incognito—lost themselves in laughter, caf, and the slow unbuckling of secrets yet to be told.

⸻

Warm dawn slanted through the loft’s unshaded transparisteel, painting the tangled figures on the bed in amber and rose. Wolffe lay on his back, left arm pillowing [Y/N] against the curve of his chest; her hair falling softly, draped over his cgest. For the first time in months he’d slept past first light, lulled by the quiet cadence of another heartbeat.

A sharp bweep‑bwap‑BWAA! shattered the calm.

The door whisked open and a battered R4‑series astromech barreled in, dome spinning frantic red. Right behind it minced a sand‑gold TC‑protocol unit with polished vocabulator grille and the prissiest posture Wolffe had ever seen.

“WHRR‑bweep!” the astromech shrilled, panels flapping.

The protocol droid placed metal hands on its hips. “Really, R4‑J2, barging into Her High— er, into my lady’s private quarters is most uncouth. Though, to be fair, so is oversleeping when a planet’s diplomatic reputation depends on punctuality.”

[Y/N] groaned into Wolffe’s shoulder. “Five more minutes or I demagnetise your motivators.”

“I calculate you have negative twenty‑two minutes, my lady,” TC sniffed. “We have already been signaled thrice.”

Wolffe swung out of bed, discipline snapping back like a visor‑clip. He retrieved blacks and armor plates, fastening them while [Y/N] rummaged for flight shorts and a fresh vest.

“Got a briefing myself,” he said, adjusting the collar seal. “High‑priority security consult for the Senate. Some warlord princess from Karthuna is in system—Council wants every contingency.”

[Y/N] paused, turning just enough that sunrise caught the concern softening her features. “I heard talk of her,” she ventured lightly. “What’s your take?”

“Files say she’s lethal, unpredictable. Planet locals call her The Butcher.” He shrugged into his pauldron. “Frankly, senators don’t need another sword swinging around. Volatile leaders get people killed.”

A flicker of hurt crossed her eyes before she masked it with a crooked grin. “Maybe she’s…misunderstood?”

“Maybe,” Wolffe allowed, though doubt edged his tone. “Either way, job’s to keep the civvies safe.” He slid his helmet under an arm, suddenly uncertain how to classify the night they’d shared. “I—had a good time.”

She rose on tiptoe, pressed a quick kiss to the corner of his mouth. “So did I, Commander. Try not to judge anyone before breakfast, hmm?”

He touched the braid beads lightly—a silent promise to see her again—then strode out, door hissing shut behind him.

Y/N] exhaled, shoulders slumping. R4 emitted a sympathetic woo‑oop.

TC clucked. “I did warn you anonymity breeds complications. Still, we must hurry. The Chancellor expects you in the Grand Convocation Chamber at 0900.”

A wicked spark replaced her melancholy. “No, the Chancellor expects a Karthunese representative—he never specified which.”

She strode to a wardrobe, withdrawing a slim holoprojector and thrusting it at TC. “Congratulations, you’re promoted.”

TC’s photoreceptors brightened alarm-red. “M‑my lady, I am programmed for etiquette, translation, and the occasional moral lecture, not military security architecture!”

“Recite the briefing notes I dictated last night, answer questions with condescension—your specialty—then schedule a follow‑up on the command ship. R4 will project the holomaps.”

The astromech warbled enthusiastic profanity at the prospect.

[Y/N] buckled a utility belt over her civvies and moved toward the balcony doors. “If anyone asks, I was delayed calibrating kyber flow regulators. I’ll review the security grid this afternoon—after I explore a certain Commander’s favorite gyro‑shop.”

TC gathered the holo‑pads in a flurry. “Very well, mistress, but mark my vocabulator—this deception will short‑circuit spectacularly.”

“Relax.” She flashed a grin eerily similar to last night’s barroom mischief. “What’s diplomacy without a little theater?”

⸻

Senators, Jedi, and clone commanders straightened as doors parted.

—but instead of a sun‑circled war‑princess, a polished TC‑protocol droid glided to the rostrum with an astromech rolling at its heel.

TC’s vocabulator rang out, crisp as a comm‑chime.

“Honored Supreme Chancellor, venerable Jedi Council, distinguished Senators: Karthuna greets you. My lady regrets that urgent kyber‑compressor calibrations prevent her personal attendance, yet she bids me convey our joy at opening our borders for the first time in fifteen standard years so all may share our five‑day Cultural Festival Week. We trust today’s briefing will guarantee every guest’s safety and delight.”

R4‑J2 pitched a starry holomap above the dais; TC segued into ingress grids, crowd‑flow vectors, and defensive perimeter options with dazzling fluency.

At the back rail, Commander Wolffe’s remaining eye narrowed.

“That’s her astromech,” he muttered—he’d tripped over the same droid en route to the caf‑maker two hours earlier.

Cody leaned in, voice low. “So—how was your night with the princess?”

Wolffe’s brain locked, replaying dawn kisses, scars… and the sudden absence of any surname.

“Kriff.” His helmet nearly slipped from under his arm.

Next to them, Rex sighed, fished from his belt pouch, and slapped the credits into Cody’s waiting palm. Cody tried not to smirk too broadly.

Bly caught the exchange and coughed to hide a laugh. Gree murmured, “Told you the Wolf doesn’t sniff pedigree till it bites him.”

Unaware of the commotion between the Commanders, TC finished with a flourish.

“Karthuna will provide one hundred honor guards, full medical contingents, and open saber arenas for cultural demonstration only. We look forward to celebrating unity in the Force with the Galactic Republic.”

Polite applause rippled through the chamber. Mace Windu nodded approval, even Chancellor Palpatine’s smile looked almost genuine.

Wolffe, cheeks burning behind his visor, managed parade rest while his thoughts sprinted back to a kiss and the words try not to judge anyone before breakfast.

The princess had played him like dejarik—yet somehow he respected the move.

Cody clapped a gauntlet on his pauldron. “Cheer up, vod. At least your about to spend more time with her.”

⸻

Next Part

[iamthepulta]

Differences between pyrite and chalcopyrite? (With pictures?) 👀👀

xD

Okay! Initial differences! Pyrite is FeS2. Chalcopyrite (creatively named) is CuFeS2. Pyrite is an almost silvery yellow on a fresh surface; chalcopyrite is more of a bronzy yellow. The difference is subtle, but once your eye is tuned, you can almost always pick out bits of chalcopyrite in a sea of pyrite.

Pyrite is a little harder when scratched and the cleavage of the minerals helps too: pyrite almost always breaks with glittering sharp edges unless it's pretty oxidized or weathered. chalcopyrite is rough, almost like a smear. I think it's much closer to looking like gold, than real fool's gold, tbh.

It's really hard for a camera to properly catch that glint, but I gave it a shot:

This sample is a good 50/50 Py-Cpy, and I think the portions that look smoother are simply weathering from the sample being passed around. But you can still see Py is almost... brighter. And on the left, there's a very clear crystal of straight yellow Cpy that stands out.

This is more typical copper ore material. I think this sample was nearly all disseminated Cpy. Not great for differentiating the Py-Cpy color, but you'll see this all the time.

I just really wanted to talk about this one, lol. LOOK IT'S SO COOL IF BLURRY. I think it's an IOCG (iron oxide copper gold deposit type) massive sulfide sample. The bronze in the far lower left is Cpy, but the red in the middle is specular hematite (hematite that formed from hydrothermal solution rather than oxidized at the surface). The majority of the rock is magnetite, and I think some of the brassy-silver color in the center is pyrrhotite.

Pyrrhotite is pyrite one step to the left: Fex-1S. Because there's less iron, the Fe2+ has a very slight positive charge, just like magnetite where the Fe2+ offsets the charge balance of the other Fe3+ and S ions.

ANYWAY, this rock is nuts and I can't wait to cut it open and stick it under the microprobe~

BEST FOR LAST~

This is massive disseminated chalcopyrite, but it's been sitting in the drawer for 20 years, I think. Pyrite and chalcopyrite really pop when weathered. So the gold-brown is Cpy, and the silver 'clast' on the edge is Py.

-

Additional unnecessary but fun rambling about ore mineralogy:

Like, mineralogically I think the biggest difference is that Fe2+ is cubic and Cu1+Fe3+ is tetragonal so it can fit weirder stuff in. If you start thinking about the minerals as part of the whole, 1+/3+ ionic bonded and 2+ ionic bonded Things are the most stable position for metals to be in.

I love these minerals but whenever I want to describe them, the word that pops into my mind first is Evil. Pyrite and Chalcopyrite are fucking evil. xD

They're stable under a huge range of pressures, temperatures, and oxdiation/sulfidation states. Iron is 2+ in pyrite and 3+ in chalcopyrite, so you can substitute pretty much any 2+ or 1+ metallic ion in the Fe and Cu sites, and sulfur will happily substitute for any non-metal or metalloid.

This means you can have pyrite in your deposit, but it's pyrite with an abnormal amount of... idk, tellurium. And that will change the properties of your pyrite, but not pyrite itself. This is an 'abnormal impurity' until you form frohbergite, which is FeTe2. And BOTH do this. Both cpy and py are sliding scales for almost every single ion that fits.

So if you're trying to process chalcopyrite but you have a large silver impurity in the copper site, it might react poorly with the flotation chemicals we use to separate it from pyrite. Or maybe be harder to grind to the proper size, which will take up more energy. (This is gauged experimentally before they set up the processing circuit because that's a lot of money, and to some degree I'm exaggerating the effects. But a friend is also texting me right now asking how tellurium in pyrite will change oxidation rate, so impurities are a non-negligible factor.)

ANYWAY. Pyrite and chalcopyrite are fucking myths that should be abolished except they're fucking everywhere, so they never will be. Lol.

Chalcopyrite is more yellow. xD

.

(as the thermodynamic pressure of oxygen in the system increases, ((not oxygen content)), you'll have greater minerals of oxidation. i.e. Magnetite Fe2+Fe3+O4 has an Fe2+ where Hematite has Fe3+O3, its 3+ is at a higher oxidation state. Pyrrhotite is low enough that it's just Fe2+.)

[deadl-ine]

Canyon the Porcupine 🌌⚡️

A few 100 hours later and his reference is finished. o(-< Full bio under the cut.

General: Canyon | 104 cm (3'5") | Porcupine | Ionic Manipulation

Bio: He and other generations of survivors live on the Space Colony ARK in a reimagining of Silver’s post-apocalyptic future. He’s no ultimate life form, but he was created on the ARK along the same vein.

He’s the cornerstone of Project Canyon, as he was designed to be especially resistant to their world’s newfound hazards in an effort to reclaim the planet. He can manipulate plasma and chaos energy—the latter being thanks to the research that was rediscovered in the ARKs archives.

Canyon’s shoes pocket small vials called chaos shells, which are repurposed chaos drives, that he can energize to varying levels of volatility with his powers.

Team Zenith: Canyon, Comet, and Vox make up the reconnaissance members of Team Zenith (speed, flight, and power respectively). He’s emboldened by his title to be a good team leader.

Personality: He's a mellow and fierce character, who takes his position very seriously--often concerned with the future of everyone on the ARK--and is very distrustful of strangers.

Likes: High-speed/high-action training and pushing his limits; reading about the old world and his predecessor, Project Shadow; occasionally goofing around with his teammates.

Dislikes: time waisting; relying too much on others; the ARK's rations i.e. astronaut food.

[jack-of-crowns]

@flashfictionfridayofficial

'Like Silver Set Ablaze' by @jack-of-crowns

"Tell us, Cyclops, how to craft a theionic organ?"

A baleful glare and a dull rumbling roar, all the answer Okkules gives in reply to the panopticon's imagery before him. Flashes of pain from the buckling columns of the living forge fill his psyche as gryphenes from the Luminarian dreadnoughts simultaneously dissolve and regenerate them; the assault's impact is beyond comprehension, and yet he keeps careful count of what spacetime remains.

"Not that any such single-minded beings as angels could begin to grasp the complexities," he labours, managing to grit out the words between measured pumps from plasma bellows and the rhythmic tap-tapping of the autonomous gravity hammers.

The flame-shrouded Salamanders surrounding him vent hissfully back in response, black-carapaced hull armour crackling with all the rage inherent in the effort required to keep the constant operable pressures required for the atomized gold of their synth vultures. Orbits drift forward, the leashes ease back on the gryphenes, sensors reading Okkules' pain thresholds. "Transmission, Submission, Manumission," the droning chants on and on.

Okkules thinks of his ancestors, the Cyclopes who crafted the first living forges that kept his kind alive long after the death of the star that spawned them. There will be no giving away of their sacred knowledge to the ravagers of the red giant, no turning a blinded eye to their unyielding demands for power. Not on this day; this day it his turn to release those given up for dead so that all may live.

He closes his eye and begins the memories of the spell; even a tekton of his level must concentrate against the bright might of the Luminarian Empire, once allies from a companion star, now dread foes. 'As in most quantum communications systems, the periodicity of the intervals between signals is key.' There is the slightest of tremors beneath the forge. 'The whenwhere of the ionic plasma surges at every phase during the nova shock event is most critical.'

The Salamanders seem oblivious to the resonance overflow that Okkules can feel growing in the depths of his psyche as the corpse of the dead white dwarf begins to stir back to life outside the force walls of the forge, greyish wraiths of sulfur arise and whirl themselves into the accretion disc, swirling as the spell's densities start to set in. Hopefully, his count has been true, for the plancks seem to tick by slowly.

'Just before the moment of accumulation spark, pay exceeding care as to how the red giant bleeds, for their lifeblood is the fuel whereby the tarnished silver of this dwarf's corpse will be polished and lit.' The glamour has them all now, the moment closing. 'Every probability must be utilized to the fullest.'

The trinary conjunction of spellcraft and conjoined stars is creating uncertainty in the biocircuits of his tormentors; they hemorrhage with indecision. Okkules shapes the final contours of artifice; within the continuum's echoed folds, he hears his father's voice, thundering upon principles of soul forging.

- After all, of what use is it to divise theorems from which no practical devices can be constructed? -

Bursting light, crisscross currents of electromagnetism shredding shells of the quanta of spacetime as a mad sculptor deburring a statue, and Okkules passes through the wave front as the prow of a breaking ship; his count has been true. The very act of casting the forging spell hastens the thermonuclear explosion, catching the Salamander dreadnoughts with shields down. In the planck before the nova shock, he is one with the sulfuric filaments of plasma erupting from the white dwarf, a dandelion's skeleton dancing throughout alternity.

'Still, they ask mockingly;' this bit of scripture a presage of his tormentors' fate. Okkules wields his psyche as hammer and chisel, shaping the quanta on either side of the moment, forging the light into sound, plasma energy into solid pipes. He pauses before he breathes into his theionic organ, giving thanks for once and again being celebrant in this sacred space, where the instruments of The One Who Is All resound as loud as thunderclaps, a resonance to shake the stars of heaven to their very cores. Then he joins the joyous music; all around him are Cyclopes bursting forth from beneath the dark veils of spacetime, masterworks and master workers. They are a chorus of shining sparks, singing themselves into creation, singeing cold voids about them with living silver, like silver set ablaze.

[comicavalcade]

Submariner Summer 24

OK Namor Nation, its #SubmarinerSummer read through part 24 with Tales to Astonish #91: Outside The Gates Waits Death! Hulk vs Abomination cover; the first one ever. On the title page Namor bemoans his defeat by Byrrah. Still a Lee/Everett tale, but now there's Danny Adkins on inks

Dorma tries to console Namor when guards burst in; Namor is under arrest. He tries to burst free but is stopped by an ionic forcefield. Brought before Byrrah, he sees his fears made true; he shares the dais with Krang and Attuma! But to cement the partnership, Namor must die

The sentence is certain death via Inferno Isle, being delivered there via being shot there in a missile. Namor soon sees why the island is so deadly; a volcano monster! This being a real threat to him, Namor turns back to the ocean, but the monster manages to grab him...

Back in Atlantis, Lady Dorma is tired of waiting, and sets off to find Namor, on pain of death since Byrrah has instituted a curfew. She makes her way to his lab, and spots something suspicious. When guards come, she uses it against them, and finds how Byrrah truly won Atlantis: hypno-ray!

See, THIS is the Lady Dorma we love. Curfew or Death? Whatever, she does what she wants, and then foils the master plan, unbrainwashing the populace. She even frees Atlantis's generals in time to prevent them handing command to Krang and Attuma, who then turn on Byrrah

On Inferno Isle, Namor escapes the volcano creature's grip, and realizes that the monster's substance reacts to seawater. He then hatches a plan to cover his fists so he can punch and taunt the beast into following him into the ocean...

And just like that, the beast is vanquished. Namor still thinks the people willing followed Byrrah and rejected him, though, so he's in no rush to return.

Meanwhile, with Byrrah's plan gone awry, Attuma and Krang decide if they can't have Atlantis they'll destroy it..Imperius Rex

Namor can spot the effect of Attuma's doomsday weapon, and he rushes to investigate. Upon seeing his guess was correct, he moves to destroy it. With their last ploy trashed, Attuma and Krang decide to flee to strike again another day, disgusted with Byrrah

Namor then goes to Vashti and Dorma, who rejoice he has saved Atlantis, and inform him of Byrrah's hypno-ray and how Dorma saved the people from it. When asked how Dorma and Vashti were unaffected? Well, love is a powerful thing, and Namor embraces his loved ones, royal protocol be damned 🥰

Byrrah for his part wanders off into exile, and Namor's Golden Age rival once again meets defeat at the hands of a triumphant Namor, true Prince of Atlantis. IMPERIUS REX!

This one was a really faced paced rush to the conclusion, with Namor quickly vanquishing his opponents. Truth be told, I wouldn't have minded if this had been a three parter, with this one more focused on the fight with the volcano monster and Dorma foiling Byrrah, and then the last part having a more extended fight with the doomsday weapon and Attuma and Krang. But alas! Silver Age storytelling was what it was, and that was extremely compressed.

Still, it was great fun seeing a triumvirate of Namor foes side-by-side, and Dorma get some more action again.

NEXT time though, we leave Namor's pages for a crossover battle as our sea prince rises to clash against the surface in AVENGERS #40: Suddenly...The Sub-Mariner!

[cavenewstimestoday]

The 12 Best T-Shirts for Men, According to Style Editors

Best Overall T-Shirt Mack Weldon Silver Crew Neck T-Shirt Pros Anti-odor Ionic silver Strong ladder stitch increases its durability Doubles as a workout shirt At Men’s Health, our fashion editors have worn, washed, and wowed in more t-shirts than you count—so when we vouch for one, believe us. My ultimate favorite is this crew neck version from Mack Weldon, which is made with Supima cotton—the…

[honshino]

What are Watches Made With? Popular Watch Materials

The most popular materials used in the making of watches, read more and learn about these materials. Watches are made out of different materials depending on the brand and the model. However, these are the most popular materials used in the making of watches. All or most of the watches that are featured on TheWatchery.com are made click here out of one of the materials listed here. The following segments explain the material, as well as the positive and negative aspects of the material.

Stainless Steel

Stainless steel, St, has a composition of being an iron-carbon alloy, mixed with chromium and nickel. The best thing about watches that are made out of stainless steel is that they are not only light-weight, they are also highly resistant to corrosives. However, it is stainless steel watches which are most easily scratched. Still, stainless steel is one of the most ubiquitous watch materials and it can be used in a number of different types of watches.

Ceramics

Ceramic, or Cm, has a composition of zirconium oxide. There are a number of positive aspects to watches made out of ceramics. Items made out of this material are heat resistant and very durable. As a point of interest, NASA used ceramics on their space shuttle heat shields. However, many people find ceramics to be too modern for comfortable use. Still, watches made out of ceramics are great for luxury watches.

Titanium

Titanium, Ti, is titanium alloyed with other materials. There are a number of strengths to watches made out of Titanium. First of all, this material allows watches to be light-weight, since it is a light-weight material. It also allows watches to be very durable. While it weighs half the amount of stainless steel, it is about twice as strong. Nonetheless, Titanium is difficult to work with, so it can be expensive to repair. Luxury sports watches are going to be best suited to be made out of titanium.

White Gold

White Gold, WGd, is pure gold, typically mixed with silver or palladium. White gold is very popular and effective because it looks like steel and it is more discreet than watches made out of yellow gold. Still, people often mistake white gold watches for watches made out of stainless steel, and not all wearers appreciate this mix up. White gold is best suited for watches that are high-end, luxury or heirloom dress watches.

Physical Vapor Deposition

Physical Vapor Deposition, PVD, is steel with an added layer of either carbides, nitrides or oxides, which have been deposited ionic attraction, which is completed atom by atom in a vacuum. It is a masculine patina, but it is not one of the most scratch resistant materials. Eventually, it is possible for the original steel color to show through because of this. This material is best suited for sports watches.

Yellow Gold

Yellow Gold, or YGd, is pure gold, which is 24 karat, that has been alloyed with other materials. This is a great material because it is so shiny and traditional, but some people do not appreciate yellow gold as much because it is a very soft material that can scratch and otherwise become damaged, the more pure the metal is. However, this is a great material for showy watches that want to attract attention.

[dhirajmarketresearch]

Anti-Biofilm Wound Dressing Market: A Comprehensive Analysis

Anti-Biofilm Wound Dressing Market: Trends, Challenges, and Future Outlook

Straits Research has published a comprehensive report on the Anti-Biofilm Wound Dressing Market, providing an in-depth analysis of the market's current and future prospects. The report reveals that the global Anti-Biofilm Wound Dressing Market size was valued at USD 660 Million in 2021 and is projected to reach USD 1.48 Billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 9.4% during the forecast period (2022–2030).

Request a free request sample  https://straitsresearch.com/report/anti-biofilm-wound-dressing-market/request-sample

Market Key Trends

The Anti-Biofilm Wound Dressing Market is driven by several key trends, including:

Increasing Prevalence of Chronic Wounds: The rising prevalence of chronic wounds, such as diabetic foot ulcers and venous leg ulcers, is driving the demand for anti-biofilm wound dressings.

Advancements in Technology: The development of advanced technologies, such as nanotechnology and biofilm-disrupting agents, is expected to revolutionize the anti-biofilm wound dressing market.

Growing Awareness of Biofilm-Related Infections: The increasing awareness of biofilm-related infections and their impact on wound healing is driving the demand for anti-biofilm wound dressings.

Driving Factors

The Anti-Biofilm Wound Dressing Market is driven by several factors, including:

Rising Healthcare Expenditure: The increasing healthcare expenditure in developed and developing countries is driving the demand for advanced wound care products, including anti-biofilm wound dressings.

Growing Geriatric Population: The increasing geriatric population is driving the demand for anti-biofilm wound dressings, as older adults are more susceptible to chronic wounds.

Increasing Incidence of Diabetes: The rising incidence of diabetes is driving the demand for anti-biofilm wound dressings, as diabetic foot ulcers are a common complication of diabetes.

Opportunities

The Anti-Biofilm Wound Dressing Market presents several opportunities, including:

Development of Novel Anti-Biofilm Agents: The development of novel anti-biofilm agents, such as bacteriophage and lactoferrin, is expected to provide new opportunities for market growth.

Expansion into Emerging Markets: The expansion of anti-biofilm wound dressing products into emerging markets, such as Asia-Pacific and Latin America, is expected to provide new opportunities for market growth.

This Report is available for purchase on  https://straitsresearch.com/buy-now/anti-biofilm-wound-dressing-market

Market Segmentation

The Anti-Biofilm Wound Dressing Market is segmented based on mode of mechanism, application, and region.

By Mode of Mechanism

Physical: Manual debridement, pulse electrical field, and ultrasound debridement.

Chemical: Ionic silver, iodine, and EDTA.

Biological: Dispersin B, lactoferrin, bacteriophage, and others.

By Application

Chronic Wounds: Diabetic foot ulcers, venous leg ulcers, and pressure ulcers.

Acute Wounds: Surgical wounds, traumatic wounds, and burns.

Key Players

The report provides a comprehensive list of key players in the Anti-Biofilm Wound Dressing Market, including:

3M

ConvaTec Group Plc

Johnson & Johnson

Medline Industries, Inc.

Molnlycke Health Care AB

Conclusion

The Anti-Biofilm Wound Dressing Market is expected to witness significant growth during the forecast period, driven by the increasing prevalence of chronic wounds, advancements in technology, and growing awareness of biofilm-related infections. The report provides a comprehensive analysis of the market's current and future prospects, including market segmentation, key trends, driving factors, opportunities, and key players.

Why Straits Research?

Straits Research is a leading market research company that provides comprehensive and actionable insights into the Anti-Biofilm Wound Dressing Market. Our reports are based on extensive research and analysis, and are designed to provide businesses with the information they need to make informed decisions. Contact us today to learn more about our reports and how they can help your business grow.

Contact Us: Email: sales@straitsresearch.com Address: 825 3rd Avenue, New York, NY, USA, 10022 Tel: +1 646 905 0080 (U.S.) +91 8087085354 (India) +44 203 695 0070 (U.K.)

[golddetectordubai]

Types of metal detectors

Types of metal detectors vary according to a range of hopes and technical features and different classifications,

for example, according to the search technology or depth of search or the technology of the device or tool used

to conduct the search or detection.

There are many types of metal detectors, here in this article, we will see the details….

A metal detector is an electronic device specially designed to detect buried underground metal objects

such as the treasures of gold, archaeological treasures of ancient civilizations, and various kinds

of precious and non-precious metals.

Metal detectors are used by prospectors and treasure hunters.

They help detect any metal object under the ground for varying depths depending on the device.

This enables the prospector to find all metallic objects such as gold ornaments, statues, ancient coins made of gold, silver, or copper, and so on.

Metal detectors are very diverse. so there are many types of metal detectors that are classified according to different classifications.

Metal detectors can be classified according to their uses or according to the search system

and the technology in the device or according to other factors.

But the most commonly used classification is according to the search technology of the device,

where metal detectors are classified into several types will be reviewed by the following paragraph

Types of Metal Detectors

Electromagnetic Metal Detectors

Electromagnetic metal detectors are operated according to one of two search technologies. :

very low frequency (VLF) or pulse induction technology (PI) which depends on a search coil used to

detect the presence of different metals, including gold within the search area below the coil

and then it gives an alert to the user in the form of audio tone according to certain tones depending on the type of metal.

These devices have a limited scope of depth (maximum : 3 meters) and relatively cheap prices

however, It is the most widespread device in the world especially for beginners

Examples: Gmt 9000, Impact Pro, Pulse Nova

Long-Range Metal Detectors

The long-range metal detectors use search antennas to receive target signals

buried underground remotely. These devices are characterized by a very wide field

of scan and huge search depths compared to other types of metal detectors

Long-range devices are easy to use and filter the search results and search within large distances

and large areas with the possibility of estimating depth

Examples: Gold Star, mega scan pro 

3D Imaging Metal Detectors

3D Imaging metal detectors are devices that use special probes for ground scanning.

Then the scan results are usually displayed on a computer screen or Tablet in a three-dimensional diagram

showing the structure of the ground in the search area and the targets buried in it.

However, these devices are characterized by high accuracy and coverage of a wide field of scan and multiple features

that ensure accurate results for the prospector and professional searcher.

Examples: Nokta Invenio Pro, OKM EXP 6000, GOLD VISION, and Phoenix

Multi-Systems Metal Detectors

There are some metal detectors devices that may contain more than one search system

however, it uses different technologies within a single device and this gives the prospector multiple

Search options are used for different applications or to confirm the results of other search systems.

Example: Gold Star 3D Scanner includes 8 search systems: - 8 search systems for all metal detection applications including: Manual Sensing System - Controllable Sensing - Automatic Sensing System - Ionic System Bionic System - 3D Ground Scan System - Live Stream Scan System - Pinpointer Target Positioning System

[global-research-report]

Air Purifier Market Growth Drivers and Emerging Technologies

The global air purifier market size is expected to reach USD 25.58 billion by 2030, registering a CAGR of 7.1% from 2024 to 2030, according to a new report by Grand View Research, Inc. The market is primarily driven by increasing air pollution levels, coupled with the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and the rising awareness pertaining to the benefits of air purifiers. Air purifiers assist in eliminating various health hazards caused by poor air quality by removing contaminants, including dust, smoke, and pollen. In addition, these products aid people suffering from asthma, airborne allergies, and other respiratory conditions. Thus, increasing health awareness among consumers is expected to drive the product demand over the forecast period.

Lockdown measures to curb the spread of COVID-19 and the stay-at-home and work-from-home norms have boosted the demand for air purifiers in residential applications. Furthermore, the demand for air purifiers increased in healthcare and other commercial facilities amidst the pandemic owing to their ability to limit the spread of infectious diseases. New product developments and technological advancements amid the COVID-19 pandemic are anticipated to augment the market growth. For instance, in September 2020, Aurabeat Technology Limited, a Hong Kong-based company, introduced Aurabeat AG+ Silver Ion Plasma Sterilization Air Purifier, which can eliminate more than 99.9% of COVID-19 within 30 minutes.

Wildfires and stubble burning that are increasingly found in the U.S., Australia, and India are some of the key reasons for causing air pollution. The smoke has several health implications such as eye and respiratory tract infection, lung infection, bronchitis, and heart failure. This has prompted consumers to buy air purifiers and is likely to augment the market growth over the forecast period. The pandemic provided an opportunity for companies with higher cashflows to acquire air purifier companies resulting in increased activity in the market. For instance, in November 2021, iRobot Corporation acquired Aeris Cleantec AG in a USD 72 Million all-cash deal in a bid to strengthen its portfolio of intelligent home innovation solutions.

Air Purifier Market Segmentation

Grand View Research has segmented the global air purifier market report based on technology, application, coverage range, sales channel, type, and region

Air Purifier Technology Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)

High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA)

Activated Carbon

Ionic Filters

Electrostatic Precipitator

Others

Air Purifier Coverage Range Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)

Below 250 Sq. Ft.

250-400 Sq. Ft.

401-700 Sq. Ft.

Above 700 Sq. Ft.

Air Purifier Sales Channel Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)

Online

Offline

Hypermarkets/Supermarkets

Retail Stores

Specialty Stores

Others

Air Purifier Type Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)

Standalone/Portable

In-duct/Fixed

Air Purifier Application Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)

Commercial

Retail Shops (Mercantile)

Offices

Healthcare Facilities

Hospitality

Schools & Educational Institutions

Laboratories

Transport (railway stations, metros, bus stops, airports)

Others

Residential

Industrial

Air Purifier Regional Outlook (Revenue, USD Million, 2018 - 2030)

North America

US

Canada

Mexico

Europe

Germany

France

UK

Asia Pacific

China

Japan

South Korea

Singapore

Malaysia

Central & South America

Brazil

Middle East & Africa

Saudi Arabia

Key Companies profiled:

Honeywell International, Inc.

IQAir

Koninklijke Philips N.V

Unilever PLC

Sharp Electronics Corporation

Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.

LG Electronics

Panasonic Corporation

Whirlpool Corporation

Dyson

Carrier

Recent Developments

In January 2024, COWAY CO., LTD. launched Airmega 100. It has a 360° air intake and a 3-stage HEPA filtration system that effectively removes harmful pollutants and purifies the air within an 810-square-foot space every hour. The product has a real-time air quality indicator, energy-saving technology, auto mode, and a precise particle sensor, which are some of the important features of this new air purifier.

In February 2023, the company introduced a new carbon air purifier that uses UV technology to promote healthy indoor air quality. This system helps eliminate unwanted odors, gases, and volatile organic compounds from the air inside the home. Additionally, the technology reduces the growth of microorganisms, such as viruses and bacteria, on the evaporator coil.

In August 2022, IQAir launched a smart slim bionic air purifier Atem X. This air purifier, Atem X was developed to combine four seemingly incompatible characteristics: powerful air purification, quiet operation, low energy consumption, and a slim design.

Order a free sample PDF of the Air Purifier Market Intelligence Study, published by Grand View Research.

[vavaclasses]

Comprehensive Study Notes on Class 12 Chemistry-Electronic Configurations of d-Block Elements

Introduction:

The d-block elements, also known as transition elements, are a vital part of Class 12 Chemistry. These elements exhibit unique properties due to their partially filled d-orbitals, making them essential for understanding chemical bonding, coordination chemistry, and periodic trends. This guide provides a detailed overview of the electronic configurations of d-block elements, enabling students to grasp the concepts clearly and excel in their examinations.

What are d-Block Elements?

The d-block elements are positioned in groups 3 to 12 of the periodic table. They are called transition elements because they bridge the s- and p-block elements. The distinguishing feature of these elements is the filling of the d-orbitals in their electron configurations.

General Electronic Configuration of d-Block Elements:

The general electronic configuration of d-block elements is: (n-1)d^{1-10}ns^{0-2} Here, (n) represents the principal quantum number. These elements usually have one or two electrons in the outermost s-orbital, with the remaining electrons populating the (n-1)d orbitals.

Exceptions in Electronic Configurations:

Some d-block elements deviate from the expected configurations due to the stability associated with half-filled and fully filled orbitals. For instance: - Chromium (Cr): [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹ (Instead of 3d⁴ 4s²) - Copper (Cu): [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹ (Instead of 3d⁹ 4s²)

Trends in d-Block Elements:

Atomic and Ionic Radii:

 - Decrease across a period due to increased nuclear charge.  - Slight increase down a group due to the addition of a new energy level.

Ionization Enthalpy:

 - Generally increases across a period.  - Exceptions occur due to electron pairing in d-orbitals.

Oxidation States:

 - d-block elements exhibit variable oxidation states because electrons from both (n-1)d and ns orbitals can participate in bonding.

Importance of d-Block Elements:

- Catalysis: Many d-block elements, like iron and nickel, are used as catalysts. - Magnetism: Due to unpaired electrons, these elements show paramagnetic and ferromagnetic behavior. - Alloy Formation: Their ability to form alloys makes them invaluable in metallurgy.

Applications in Real Life:

1. Iron is essential for steel production. 2. Titanium is used in aerospace engineering due to its strength and corrosion resistance. 3. Copper and silver are widely used in electrical and thermal conductors. 4. Platinum is significant in catalysis and jewellery.

Conclusion:

The electronic configurations of d-block elements form the foundation of their chemical behavior and diverse applications. Understanding these configurations not only aids in mastering periodic trends but also lays the groundwork for advanced topics like coordination chemistry and material science. Mastery of this chapter ensures a strong grasp of fundamental concepts crucial for success in Class 12 Chemistry and beyond.

[kendricklabsinc]

Core Principle of SDS-PAGE: Understanding Its Basics

Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is a fundamental technique in molecular biology and biochemistry for separating proteins based on their molecular weight. SDS-PAGE Analysis is essential for protein characterization, including determining protein size, purity, and quantity. Understanding the core principles of SDS-PAGE is crucial for achieving accurate and reliable results in protein research.

The Basics of SDS-PAGE

At its core, SDS-PAGE is designed to separate proteins by size through the application of an electric field. This technique involves several key components: sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), polyacrylamide gels, and an electric current. SDS-PAGE Analysis relies on these components working together to ensure that proteins are separated effectively.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is an anionic detergent that denatures proteins and imparts a negative charge proportional to their length. This ensures that proteins migrate through the gel based solely on their size, rather than their charge or shape. SDS binds to proteins, disrupting their native structure and ensuring they adopt a linear form.

Polyacrylamide gels are used as the medium through which proteins are separated. The gel consists of a cross-linked polymer matrix that acts as a molecular sieve. Smaller proteins migrate through the gel more quickly than larger ones, resulting in separation based on size.

Electric current is applied to the gel, creating an electric field that drives the negatively charged proteins through the polyacrylamide matrix. The rate at which proteins move through the gel is inversely proportional to their size, with smaller proteins moving faster than larger ones.

Preparing the Gel and Samples

Proper preparation of the gel and samples is crucial for successful SDS-PAGE Analysis. Gels are typically prepared using two different concentrations of acrylamide: one for the stacking gel and one for the separating gel.

Stacking gel: This is the upper portion of the gel with a lower acrylamide concentration. It concentrates the proteins into a narrow band before they enter the separating gel, improving resolution.

Separating gel: This portion has a higher acrylamide concentration and is where the actual separation of proteins occurs based on size. The concentration of acrylamide in this gel determines the size range of proteins that can be resolved.

Sample preparation involves mixing protein samples with a loading buffer that contains SDS, a reducing agent (such as β-mercaptoethanol or DTT), and a tracking dye. The reducing agent breaks disulfide bonds, ensuring proteins are fully denatured and linearized, while the dye allows for monitoring the progress of electrophoresis.

Running the Gel

Once the gel is prepared and samples are loaded, the gel is placed in an electrophoresis chamber filled with running buffer. An electric current is applied, causing proteins to migrate through the gel. The rate of migration is influenced by the size of the proteins and the concentration of the acrylamide in the separating gel.

SDS-PAGE Analysis Tip: Ensure that the running buffer is fresh and at the correct concentration to maintain the pH and ionic strength necessary for effective protein separation.

Staining and Visualizing Proteins

After electrophoresis, proteins need to be stained to be visualized. Several staining methods are available, with Coomassie Brilliant Blue and silver staining being the most common.

Coomassie Brilliant Blue: This dye binds to proteins and provides a clear, blue color that allows for visualization of protein bands. It is relatively simple and cost-effective, but may not detect very low-abundance proteins.

Silver staining: This method is more sensitive than Coomassie staining and can detect lower amounts of protein. However, it is more complex and time-consuming.

SDS-PAGE Analysis Tip: Ensure that the staining and destaining processes are thoroughly carried out to obtain clear, sharp bands. Incomplete staining or destaining can lead to poor resolution and inaccurate results.

Interpreting Results

The results of SDS-PAGE are interpreted based on the migration of protein bands through the gel. Proteins are visualized as distinct bands, with each band representing a different protein or protein fragment.

Molecular weight markers: These are included in one of the gel wells to serve as a reference for estimating the size of the proteins. By comparing the position of your protein bands to the markers, you can determine their approximate molecular weight.

SDS-PAGE Analysis Tip: Use image analysis software to quantify band intensity and analyze protein expression levels. Accurate quantification is crucial for assessing protein abundance and comparing samples.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

Despite its utility, SDS-PAGE can present challenges. Common issues include smeared bands, uneven migration, and background staining.

Smeared bands: This can result from overloading the gel, incomplete denaturation, or poor sample preparation. Ensure that samples are properly prepared and loaded in appropriate amounts.

Uneven migration: Often caused by issues with gel polymerization or buffer composition. Ensure that gels are uniformly polymerized and that buffers are correctly prepared.

Background staining: This may occur due to inadequate washing or staining. Ensure thorough washing and destaining to achieve clear results.

Applications of SDS-PAGE Analysis

SDS-PAGE Analysis is used in various applications, including:

Protein Purity Assessment: Evaluate the purity of protein preparations by identifying contaminants and verifying the presence of a single band corresponding to the target protein.

Protein Size Determination: Estimate the molecular weight of proteins by comparing their migration to molecular weight markers.

Quantitative Analysis: Assess protein abundance and expression levels by quantifying band intensity and comparing it across different samples.

Protein Identification: Combine SDS-PAGE with other techniques, such as mass spectrometry, for detailed protein identification and characterization.

Conclusion

SDS-PAGE Analysis is a powerful tool for protein separation and characterization. Understanding the core principles of SDS-PAGE, including gel preparation, sample loading, running conditions, staining, and result interpretation, is essential for obtaining accurate and reliable results. By following best practices and troubleshooting common issues, researchers can effectively use SDS-PAGE to gain valuable insights into protein size, purity, and expression.

Whether you are assessing protein purity, determining molecular weight, or analyzing protein expression levels, mastering the principles of SDS-PAGE is crucial for successful protein analysis. This technique continues to be a cornerstone in molecular biology and biochemistry, providing essential information for a wide range of research and clinical applications.

Original Source: https://kendricklabs.blogspot.com/2024/09/core-principle-of-sds-page.html