#lessons from surah qaf

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Lessons from Surah Al-Qalam: A Deep Dive into Divine Justice and Human Conduct

Surah Al-Qalam, the 68th chapter of the Quran, serves as a profound reminder of the principles of divine justice and human morality. This Surah, revealed in Mecca, addresses both the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and the disbelievers, offering lessons that are relevant to all of humanity. Here, we explore key themes and lessons from the Surah that guide Muslims towards righteousness and…

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TEFSIR ibn KATHIR: Surah Qaf Ayah 6-11

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

6. Have they not looked at the heaven above them, how We have made it and adorned it, and there are no Furuj in it?

7. And the earth! We have spread it out, and set thereon Rawasi standing firm, and We planted in it every lovely (Bahij) pair.

An insight and a Reminder for every servant who turns to Allah in repentance.

9. And We send down blessed water (rain) from the sky, then We produce therewith Jannat and grain that are reaped.

10. And date palms Basiqat, with arranged clusters.

11. A provision for the servants. And We give life therewith to a dead land. Thus will be the Resurrection.

Allah's Power and Ability over what is Greater than Resurrection

Allah the Exalted notifies the servants of His infinite power, which He demonstrated by creating what is bigger than that which they wondered about and whose possibility they discount, Have they not looked at the heaven above them, how We have made it and adorned it, (with lamps);

and there are no Furuj in it.

i.e., clefts, according to Mujahid.

Others said that Furuj means, rifts, or cracks.

All these meanings are close to one another.

Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said,

Who has created the seven heavens one above another; you can see no fault in the creation of the Most Gracious. Then look again: "Can you see any rifts'' Then look again and yet again, your sight will return to you in a state of humiliation and worn out. (67:3-4)

fatigued, unable to discover any imperfection or shortcomings.

The statement of Allah the Exalted, the Blessed,

And the earth! We have spread it out,

means, `We made it spacious and spread it out,'

and set thereon Rawasi standing firm.

which are the mountains to save the earth from shaking along with its inhabitants, and We planted in it every lovely (Bahij) pair.

(every kind and species of plant, fruit and vegetation),

And of everything We have created pairs that you may reflect. (51:49)

Allah's saying `Bahij', meaning a beautiful scene,

An insight and a Reminder for every servant who turns to Allah in repentance.

Allah says that observing the creation of the heavens and earth and all the great things that He has placed in them provides insight, proof and a lesson for every penitent servant who submits in humbleness and repentance to Allah feeling fear, in awe of Him.

Allah the Exalted said,

And We send down blessed water from the sky, (meaning beneficial), then We produce therewith Jannat, means special and public parks, gardens, etc. and grain that are reaped, (grains that are harvested for food and for storage for later use),

And date palms Basiqat, meaning, tall and high, according to the explanation reported from Ibn Abbas, Mujahid, Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Qatadah and As-Suddi.

Allah said, with arranged clusters.

means, producing fruits arranged in clusters,

A provision for (Allah's) servants. (for (Allah's) creation), And We give life therewith to a dead land.

this is the land that was barren. However, when rain falls upon it, it is stirred to life; it swells and produces all of the lovely pairs such as flowers and the like -- amazing on account of their beauty. All of this comes into existence after the land was without greenery, yet it was stirred back to life and became green. Indeed, this should provide proof of Resurrection after death and disintegration; thus Allah resurrects the dead.

This sign of Allah's ability that is seen and witnessed is greater than the denial of those who discount the possibility of Resurrection. Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said in other Ayat,

The creation of the heavens and the earth is indeed greater than the creation of mankind; (40:57),

Do they not see that Allah, Who created the heavens and the earth, and was not wearied by their creation, is able to give life to the dead. Yes, He surely is Able to do all things. (46:33)

And among His signs (is this), that you see the earth barren; but when We send down water to it, it is stirred to life and growth. Verily, He Who gives it life, surely is able to give life to the dead. Indeed He is Able to do all things. (41:39)

Thus will be the Resurrection.

[drmaqazi]

NEVER FORGET THAT DEATH MAY COME UPON YOU AT ANY MOMENT

NEVER FORGET THAT DEATH MAY COME UPON YOU AT ANY MOMENT

Say: "Death, from which you are fleeing, will certainly catch up with you. Then you will be returned to the Knower of the Unseen and the Visible and He will inform you about what you did." (Surat al-Jumu'a: 8)

All those you see around you, your friends, relatives, basically, every one living on this planet, will certainly one day die, as did billions of others who lived before them. This fact is related in a verse that reads, "Every self will taste death..." (Surat al-Anbiya': 35). To forget this certainty marks a great lack of conscientiousness. Man, who is incapable of avoiding death, will most certainly die, for one reason or another, at a time and place unknown to him.

Keep in mind that, neither beauty, fame, status, wealth, nor youth could have ever prevented their death.

Even though most people are well aware of these realities, they avoid thinking about death, and even strive to forget about it. However, this is nothing but self-deception. That is why the Prophet (pbuh) also reminded believers to "remember frequently death." (Tirmidhi) Whether one thinks about this inevitable event or not, death will certainly meet him:

The throes of death come revealing the truth. That is what you were trying to evade! (Surah Qaf: 19)

These lines must have reminded you of the closeness of death. Still, try to ponder this issue more deeply; who knows, death may come upon you before you have a chance to finish this book. Therefore, never forget that death is very close to you, as it is close to all.

Contrary to the popular perception, death is not the final stage of a logical sequence of events. Once it is time, Allah sends His angel to whom death is ordained, and takes his soul suddenly, at some quite unexpected moment. It may happen right at this instant, before you have a chance to rise from your chair. The Angel of Death may appear before you, all of a sudden. That you may be surrounded by your friends or your family would not alter this possibility; they can in no way protect you from death. So, never forget that every soul will be taken by the Angel of Death appointed by Allah to the task, and will thus be returned to his Lord.

Still, the idea that you may die at any moment may seem difficult to fathom. The thought of those things you still need to accomplish gives you the feeling that it is too early for you to die. The fact is, however, it is only Allah Who determines the time of death. Not a minute longer or less can a person live, other than the time determined for him. Death meets the soul of a man at the best time predetermined in his destiny:

Allah will not give anyone more time, once their time has come. Allah is aware of what you do. (Surat al-Munafiqun: 11)

Have you ever thought what your body will experience in death?

No matter whether you are beautiful or rich, your stiffened body will rest in a room or morgue. Wrapped in a shroud, your body will be put in a narrow coffin. The hearse will take your body to the graveyard where your corpse will be placed in the pit. Soil will cover you all over. Your body, merely a heap of bones and flesh, will soon start to decay and putrefy. Ultimately, nothing will remain of you except for a pile of bones. Never forget that you will surely meet such a day; eventually, your body will remain alone, under the ground.

A dead human body is an object from which we are to draw lessons. A corpse is hard to tolerate even for a few minutes. Have you ever wondered why a human body, which is able to maintain its robustness for the duration of a lifetime becomes unbearable after death? This is certainly something to ponder, since the thought of your decaying body—as the bodies of all your loved–ones—will assist you in not forgetting the hereafter and becoming attached to this world.

Despite these facts, however, the majority of people absorb themselves in the trivialities of their every day life while they turn their back to this inevitable event. Yet, this is definite error; their failure to prepare themselves for the afterlife ultimately leads them only to an eternal torment. Therefore, remaining aware that death will certainly one day meet him, man should strive to do good deeds in order to earn Allah's consent. Our Lord, the Almighty and the Just, grants sufficient time to every one in which to heed His warning. This period, though, is confined to the life of this world. That is, one can only sincerely repent for his mistakes in this world. Once death takes him, there will no longer be any opportunity to correct his errors. Instead, he will feel regret for all eternity:

They will shout out in it (the Fire of Hell), "Our Lord! Take us out! We will act rightly, differently from the way we used to act!" Did We not let you live long enough for anyone who was going to pay heed to pay heed? And did not the warner come to you? Taste it then! There is no helper for the wrongdoers. (Surah Fatir: 37)

Never forget that death is not the end; contrary to the common notions, death does not bring everything to an end. Nor is it an everlasting peaceful sleep, as many ignorantly assume. Death is the beginning of one's real and eternal life; this is a life determined according to how one conducts himself in this world, and it is unlikely to be changed once death comes upon him. Death is a gate to bliss and salvation, if that person has spent his life to earn Allah's good pleasure. For those who turned away from Allah, however, it is the beginning of an eternal torment.

In this world, Allah causes man to experience many incidents that serve as reminders of death and the hereafter. For those inclined to take the warning, these reminders make them seriously reflect upon their lives and reconsider their outlook on it. Those who disregard these warnings, however, are in great loss. Never forget that those who have already died had not been expecting death either, just like people who are still alive now, and death probably came upon them at a very unexpected moment, such as at the dinner table or while they were making plans for the weekend.

So, never forget to work for your afterlife, before death comes to you after which you won't have the chance to perform a further good deed.

In the Qur'an, Allah relates the fact that death is not an event that can in any way be put off, and describes the deep regret suffered by those for whom death was ordained:

Give from what We have provided for you before death comes to one of you and he says, "My Lord, if only you would give me a little more time so that I can give alms and be one of the righteous!" Allah will not give anyone more time, once their time has come. Allah is aware of what you do. (Surat al-Munafiqun: 10-11)

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http://www.recitequran.com/fr/tafsir/en.ibn-kathir/50:1

LIRE

Tafsir

50

Qaf

Qaf

Ibn Kathir – Anglais

Chapitre

SUIVEZ-NOUS

Verset

1

Page 518

The Beginning of the Mufassal Section of the Qur’an

This Surah is the first Surah in the Mufassal section of the Qur’an, according to the correct view. It is said that the Mufassal starts with Surat Al-Hujurat. Some common people say that the Mufassal starts with Surah `Amma An-Naba, (chapter 78), however, this is not true because none of the respected scholars ever supported this opinion. Aws (bin Hudhayfah) said; “I asked the Companions of Allah’s Messenger () how they divided the Qur’an. They said; `Three, five, seven, nine, eleven, thirteen, and the Mufassal section as one.’ ” This was recorded by Ibn Majah and Imam Ahmad. If one counts forty-eight Surahs, the next Surah will be Surah Qaf. The details are as follows: The ﴿first﴾ three Surahs are Al-Baqarah (chapter 2), Al `Imran (3), then An-Nisa’ (4). The five are Al-Ma’idah (5), Al-An`am (6), Al-A`raf (7), Al-Anfal (8) and Bara’ah (or At-Tawbah) (9). The seven next Surahs are Surah Yunus (10), Hud (11), Yusuf (12), Ar-Ra`d (13), Ibrahim (14), Al-Hijr (15) and An-Nahl (16). The nine next Surahs are, Subhan (or Al-Isra’ (17)﴾, Al-Kahf (18), Maryam (19), Ta Ha (20), Al-Anbiya’ (21), Al-Hajj (22), Al-Mu`minun (23), An-Nur (24) and Al-Furqan (25). The next eleven Surahs are Surat Ash-Shu`ara (26), An-Naml (27), Al-Qasas (28), Al-`Ankabut (29), Ar-Rum (30), Luqman (31), Alif Lam Mim As-Sajdah (32), Al-Ahzab (33), Saba’ (34), Fatir (35) and Ya Sin (36). The next thirteen are Surat As-Saffat (37), Sad (38), Az-Zumar (39), Ghafir (40), Ha Mim As-Sajdah (or Fussilat) (41), Ash-Shura (42), Az-Zukhruf (43), Ad-Dukhan (44), Al-Jathiyah (45), Al-Ahqaf (46), Al-Qital (or Muhammad) (47), Al-Fath (48) and Al-Hujurat (49). After that comes the Mufassal section, according to the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them all. Therefore, Surah Qaf (chapter 50) is the first of the Mufassal, just as we stated, and all praise is due to Allah and all favors are from Him.

The Virtues of Surah Qaf

Imam Ahmad recorded that `Umar bin Al-Khattab asked Abu Waqid Al-Laythi, “What did the Prophet recite during the `Id Prayer” Abu Waqid said, “Surah Qaf and Surat Iqtarabat (i.e. Surat Al-Qamar (54)).” Muslim and the Four Collectors of the Sunan collected this Hadith. Imam Ahmad recorded that Umm Hisham bint Harithah said, “For around two years, or a year and a part of another year, our oven and the oven of the Prophet was one and the same. I memorized Surah,

﴿ قٓ‌ۚ وَٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ ٱلۡمَجِيدِ ﴾

(Qaf. By the Glorious Qur’an.) from the tongue of the Messenger of Allah who used to recite it every Friday while standing on the Minbar delivering the Friday sermon to the people.” Muslim collected this Hadith. Abu Dawud also recorded that the daughter of Al-Harith bin An-Nu`man said, “I only memorized Surah Qaf from the mouth of the Messenger of Allah who used to recite it in every Friday Khutbah. Our oven and the oven of the Messenger was one and the same.” Muslim and An-Nasa’i collected this Hadith. Therefore, the Messenger of Allah used to recite this Surah during large gatherings such as the `Ids and during Friday sermons. He did so because this Surah contains news of the beginning of creation, Resurrection, the Return, Standing (before Allah), the Reckoning, Paradise, the Fire, Allah’s reward and punishment, lessons of encouragement, and lessons of discouragement. Allah knows best.

﴿ بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ﴾

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

﴿ قٓ‌ۚ وَٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ ٱلۡمَجِيدِ • بَلۡ عَجِبُوٓاْ أَن جَآءَهُم مُّنذِرٌ۬ مِّنۡهُمۡ فَقَالَ ٱلۡكَـٰفِرُونَ هَـٰذَا شَىۡءٌ عَجِيبٌ • أَءِذَا مِتۡنَا وَكُنَّا تُرَابً۬ا‌ۖ ذَٲلِكَ رَجۡعُۢ بَعِيدٌ۬ • قَدۡ عَلِمۡنَا مَا تَنقُصُ ٱلۡأَرۡضُ مِنۡہُمۡ‌ۖ وَعِندَنَا كِتَـٰبٌ حَفِيظُۢ • بَلۡ كَذَّبُواْ بِٱلۡحَقِّ لَمَّا جَآءَهُمۡ فَهُمۡ فِىٓ أَمۡرٍ۬ مَّرِيجٍ ﴾

(1. Qaf. By the Glorious Qur’an.) (2. Nay, they wonder that there has come to them a warner from among themselves. So the disbelievers say: “This is a strange thing!”) (3. “When we are dead and have become dust. (Shall we be resurrected) That is a far return.”) (4. We know that which the earth takes of them, and with Us is a Book preserved.) (5. Nay, but they have denied the truth when it has come to them, so they are in a Marij state.)

﴿ قٓ‌ۚ ﴾

(Qaf.) which is one of the letters of the alphabet that are mentioned in the beginning of some Surahs, such as,

﴿ صٓ‌ۚ ﴾

(Sad.) (38:1)

﴿ نٓ‌ۚ ﴾

(Nun. ) (68:1)

﴿ الٓمٓ ﴾

(Alif Lam Mim.) (2:1),

﴿ حمٓ ﴾

(Ha Mim.) (40:1), and

﴿ طسٓ‌ۚ ﴾

(Ta Sin) (28:1) and etc., Mujahid and several others said this. We also discussed this in the beginning of the explanation of Surat Al-Baqarah, and therefore, it is not necessary to repeat it here.

The Disbelievers wonder at the Message and Resurrection Allah said,

﴿ وَٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ ٱلۡمَجِيدِ ﴾

(By the Glorious Qur’an.) means by the Honorable and Great Qur’an, which,

﴿ لَّا يَأۡتِيهِ ٱلۡبَـٰطِلُ مِنۢ بَيۡنِ يَدَيۡهِ وَلَا مِنۡ خَلۡفِهِۦ‌ۖ تَنزِيلٌ۬ مِّنۡ حَكِيمٍ حَمِيدٍ۬ ﴾

(Falsehood cannot come to it from before it or behind it: (it is) sent down by the All-Wise, Worthy of all praise.)(41:42) The subject of the oath contained in this Ayah is specified afterwards, even though it does not appear by word, emphasizing prophethood, resurrection and affirming that they are true. There are similar kinds of oaths in the Qur’an, whose subject is included in the meaning but not by word, such as,

﴿ صٓ‌ۚ وَٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ ذِى ٱلذِّكۡرِ • بَلِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فِى عِزَّةٍ۬ وَشِقَاقٍ۬ ﴾

(Sad. By the Qur’an full of reminding. Nay, those who disbelieve are in false pride and opposition.)(38:1-2) Allah said here,

﴿ قٓ‌ۚ وَٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ ٱلۡمَجِيدِ • بَلۡ عَجِبُوٓاْ أَن جَآءَهُم مُّنذِرٌ۬ مِّنۡهُمۡ فَقَالَ ٱلۡكَـٰفِرُونَ هَـٰذَا شَىۡءٌ عَجِيبٌ ﴾

(Qaf. By the Glorious Qur’an. Nay, they wonder that there has come to them a warner from among themselves. So the disbelievers say: “This is a strange thing!”) They wondered at the wisdom behind sending a Messenger who is a human being. Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said in another Ayah

﴿ أَكَانَ لِلنَّاسِ عَجَبًا أَنۡ أَوۡحَيۡنَآ إِلَىٰ رَجُلٍ۬ مِّنۡہُمۡ أَنۡ أَنذِرِ ٱلنَّاسَ ﴾

(Is it a wonder for mankind that We have sent Our revelation to a man from among themselves (saying): “Warn mankind.”) (10:2), meaning, this is not strange, for Allah chooses Messengers from angels and humans. Allah the Exalted and Most Honored mentioned that the disbelievers also wondered about the Resurrection and discounted its coming,

﴿ أَءِذَا مِتۡنَا وَكُنَّا تُرَابً۬ا‌ۖ ذَٲلِكَ رَجۡعُۢ بَعِيدٌ۬ ﴾

(When we are dead and have become dust. That is a far return.) They said, `after we die, disintegrate, with our organs torn apart and we become dust, how can we be brought back to our original shape and bodies,’

﴿ ذَٲلِكَ رَجۡعُۢ بَعِيدٌ۬ ﴾

(That is a far return.) `it is not likely that it will ever occur.’ They thought that Resurrection was far from happening and will never occur. Allah the Exalted responded to their statement by saying,

﴿ قَدۡ عَلِمۡنَا مَا تَنقُصُ ٱلۡأَرۡضُ مِنۡہُمۡ‌ۖ ﴾

(We know that which the earth takes of them.) meaning, `We know what the earth consumes of their dead bodies.’ Where and how the bodies disintegrated, what they turned into and how they have become, all of this is never absent from Allah’s knowledge.

﴿ وَعِندَنَا كِتَـٰبٌ حَفِيظُۢ ﴾

(and with Us is a Book preserved,) `that keeps all records. Therefore, Our knowledge is encompassing and the Book of decrees has everything precisely recorded in it. Al-`Awfi narrated that `Abdullah bin `Abbas commented on the statement of Allah the Exalted,

﴿ قَدۡ عَلِمۡنَا مَا تَنقُصُ ٱلۡأَرۡضُ مِنۡہُمۡ‌ۖ ﴾

(We know that which the earth takes of them,) “It refers to what the earth consumes of their flesh, skin, bones and hair.” A similar view was recorded from Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak and several others. Allah, the Exalted and Most Honored, explained the reason behind their disbelief, rebellion and discounting the possibility of what is truly possible,

﴿ بَلۡ كَذَّبُواْ بِٱلۡحَقِّ لَمَّا جَآءَهُمۡ فَهُمۡ فِىٓ أَمۡرٍ۬ مَّرِيجٍ ﴾

(Nay, but they have denied the truth when it has come to them, so they are in a Marij state.) This is the state of all those who defy the Truth: whatever they say and utter after denying the Truth, is utterly false. Marij means, in disarray, in a confused state and defying the characteristics of the Truth. Allah the Exalted said in another Ayah,

﴿ إِنَّكُمۡ لَفِى قَوۡلٍ۬ مُّخۡتَلِفٍ۬ • يُؤۡفَكُ عَنۡهُ مَنۡ أُفِكَ ﴾

(Certainly, you have different ideas. Turned aside therefrom is he who is turned aside.)(51:8-9)

﴿ أَفَلَمۡ يَنظُرُوٓاْ إِلَى ٱلسَّمَآءِ فَوۡقَهُمۡ كَيۡفَ بَنَيۡنَـٰهَا وَزَيَّنَّـٰهَا وَمَا لَهَا مِن فُرُوجٍ۬ • وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ مَدَدۡنَـٰهَا وَأَلۡقَيۡنَا فِيہَا رَوَٲسِىَ وَأَنۢبَتۡنَا فِيہَا مِن كُلِّ زَوۡجِۭ بَهِيجٍ۬ • تَبۡصِرَةً۬ وَذِكۡرَىٰ لِكُلِّ عَبۡدٍ۬ مُّنِيبٍ۬ • وَنَزَّلۡنَا مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءً۬ مُّبَـٰرَكً۬ا فَأَنۢبَتۡنَا بِهِۦ جَنَّـٰتٍ۬ وَحَبَّ ٱلۡحَصِيدِ • وَٱلنَّخۡلَ بَاسِقَـٰتٍ۬ لَّهَا طَلۡعٌ۬ نَّضِيدٌ۬ • رِّزۡقً۬ا لِّلۡعِبَادِ‌ۖ وَأَحۡيَيۡنَا بِهِۦ بَلۡدَةً۬ مَّيۡتً۬ا‌ۚ كَذَٲلِكَ ٱلۡخُرُوجُ ﴾

(6. Have they not looked at the heaven above them, how We have made it and adorned it, and there are no Furuj in it) (7. And the earth! We have spread it out, and set thereon Rawasi standing firm, and We planted in it every lovely (Bahij) pair.) (8. An insight and a Reminder for every servant who turns to Allah in repentance.) (9. And We send down blessed water (rain) from the sky, then We produce therewith Jannat and grain that are reaped.) (10. And date palms Basiqat, with arranged clusters.) (11. A provision for the servants. And We give life therewith to a dead land. Thus will be the Resurrection.)

Allah’s Power and Ability over what is Greater than Resurrection

Allah the Exalted notifies the servants of His infinite power, which He demonstrated by creating what is bigger than that which they wondered about and whose possibility they discount,

﴿ أَفَلَمۡ يَنظُرُوٓاْ إِلَى ٱلسَّمَآءِ فَوۡقَهُمۡ كَيۡفَ بَنَيۡنَـٰهَا وَزَيَّنَّـٰهَا ﴾

(Have they not looked at the heaven above them, how We have made it and adorned it,) with lamps;

﴿ وَمَا لَهَا مِن فُرُوجٍ۬ ﴾

(and there are no Furuj in it) i.e., clefts, according to Mujahid. Others said that Furuj means, rifts, or cracks. All these meanings are close to one another. Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said,

﴿ ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَ سَبۡعَ سَمَـٰوَٲتٍ۬ طِبَاقً۬ا‌ۖ مَّا تَرَىٰ فِى خَلۡقِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ مِن تَفَـٰوُتٍ۬‌ۖ فَٱرۡجِعِ ٱلۡبَصَرَ هَلۡ تَرَىٰ مِن فُطُورٍ۬ • ثُمَّ ٱرۡجِعِ ٱلۡبَصَرَ كَرَّتَيۡنِ يَنقَلِبۡ إِلَيۡكَ ٱلۡبَصَرُ خَاسِئً۬ا وَهُوَ حَسِيرٌ۬ ﴾

(Who has created the seven heavens one above another; you can see no fault in the creation of the Most Gracious. Then look again: “Can you see any rifts” Then look again and yet again, your sight will return to you in a state of humiliation and worn out.) (67:2-4) fatigued, unable to discover any imperfection or shortcomings. The statement of Allah the Exalted, the Blessed,

﴿ وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ مَدَدۡنَـٰهَا ﴾

(And the earth! We have spread it out, ) means, `We made it spacious and spread it out,’

﴿ وَأَلۡقَيۡنَا فِيهَا رَوَٲسِىَ ﴾

(and set thereon Rawasi standing firm.) which are the mountains to save the earth from shaking along with its inhabitants,

﴿ وَأَنۢبَتۡنَا فِيہَا مِن كُلِّ زَوۡجِۭ بَهِيجٍ۬ ﴾

(and We planted in it every lovely (Bahij) pair.) every kind and species of plant, fruit and vegetation,

﴿ وَمِن ڪُلِّ شَىۡءٍ خَلَقۡنَا زَوۡجَيۡنِ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَذَكَّرُونَ ﴾

(And of everything We have created pairs that you may reflect.)(51:49) Allah’s saying `Bahij’, meaning a beautiful scene,

﴿ تَبۡصِرَةً۬ وَذِكۡرَىٰ لِكُلِّ عَبۡدٍ۬ مُّنِيبٍ۬ ﴾

(An insight and a Reminder for every servant who turns to Allah in repentance.) Allah says that observing the creation of the heavens and earth and all the great things that He has placed in them provides insight, proof and a lesson for every penitent servant who submits in humbleness and repentance to Allah feeling fear, in awe of Him. Allah the Exalted said,

﴿ وَنَزَّلۡنَا مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءً۬ مُّبَـٰرَكً۬ا ﴾

(And We send down blessed water from the sky,) meaning beneficial,

﴿ فَأَنۢبَتۡنَا بِهِۦ جَنَّـٰتٍ۬ ﴾

(then We produce therewith Jannat), means special and public parks, gardens, etc.

﴿ وَحَبَّ ٱلۡحَصِيدِ ﴾

(and grain that are reaped) grains that are harvested for food and for storage for later use,

﴿ بَاسِقَـٰتٍ۬ ﴾

(And date palms Basiqat,) meaning, tall and high, according to the explanation reported from Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, `Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Qatadah and As-Suddi. Allah said,

﴿ لَّهَا طَلۡعٌ۬ نَّضِيدٌ۬ ﴾

(with arranged clusters.) producing fruits arranged in clusters,

﴿ رِّزۡقً۬ا لِّلۡعِبَادِ‌ۖ ﴾

(A provision for (Allah’s) servants.) for (Allah’s) creation,

﴿ وَأَحۡيَيۡنَا بِهِۦ بَلۡدَةً۬ مَّيۡتً۬ا‌ۚ ﴾

(And We give life therewith to a dead land.) this is the land that was barren. However, when rain falls upon it, it is stirred to life; it swells and produces all of the lovely pairs such as flowers and the like — amazing on account of their beauty. All of this comes into existence after the land was without greenery, yet it was stirred back to life and became green. Indeed, this should provide proof of Resurrection after death and disintegration; thus Allah resurrects the dead. This sign of Allah’s ability that is seen and witnessed is greater than the denial of those who discount the possibility of Resurrection. Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said in other Ayat,

﴿ لَخَلۡقُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ أَڪۡبَرُ مِنۡ خَلۡقِ ٱلنَّاسِ ﴾

(The creation of the heavens and the earth is indeed greater than the creation of mankind;) (40:57),

﴿ أَوَلَمۡ يَرَوۡاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ وَلَمۡ يَعۡىَ بِخَلۡقِهِنَّ بِقَـٰدِرٍ عَلَىٰٓ أَن يُحۡـِۧىَ ٱلۡمَوۡتَىٰ‌ۚ بَلَىٰٓ إِنَّهُ ۥ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىۡءٍ۬ قَدِيرٌ۬ ﴾

(Do they not see that Allah, Who created the heavens and the earth, and was not wearied by their creation, is able to give life to the dead Yes, He surely is Able to do all things.)(46:33) and,

﴿ وَمِنۡ ءَايَـٰتِهِۦۤ أَنَّكَ تَرَى ٱلۡأَرۡضَ خَـٰشِعَةً۬ فَإِذَآ أَنزَلۡنَا عَلَيۡہَا ٱلۡمَآءَ ٱهۡتَزَّتۡ وَرَبَتۡ‌ۚ إِنَّ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَحۡيَاهَا لَمُحۡىِ ٱلۡمَوۡتَىٰٓ‌ۚ إِنَّهُ ۥ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىۡءٍ۬ قَدِيرٌ ﴾

(And among His signs (is this), that you see the earth barren; but when We send down water to it, it is stirred to life and growth. Verily, He Who gives it life, surely is able to give life to the dead. Indeed He is Able to do all things.)(41:39)

﴿ كَذَّبَتۡ قَبۡلَهُمۡ قَوۡمُ نُوحٍ۬ وَأَصۡحَـٰبُ ٱلرَّسِّ وَثَمُودُ • وَعَادٌ۬ وَفِرۡعَوۡنُ وَإِخۡوَٲنُ لُوطٍ۬ • وَأَصۡحَـٰبُ ٱلۡأَيۡكَةِ وَقَوۡمُ تُبَّعٍ۬‌ۚ كُلٌّ۬ كَذَّبَ ٱلرُّسُلَ فَحَقَّ وَعِيدِ • أَفَعَيِينَا بِٱلۡخَلۡقِ ٱلۡأَوَّلِ‌ۚ بَلۡ هُمۡ فِى لَبۡسٍ۬ مِّنۡ خَلۡقٍ۬ جَدِيدٍ۬ ﴾

(12. Denied before them the people of Nuh, and the Dwellers of Rass, and Thamud,) (13. And `Ad, and Fir`awn, and the brethren of Lut,) (14. And the Dwellers of Al-Aykah, and the people of Tubba`. Everyone of them denied (their) Messengers, so My threat took effect.) (15. Were We then tired with the first creation Nay, they are in confused doubt about a new creation.)

http://www.recitequran.com/fr/tafsir/en.ibn-kathir/50:1 LIRE Tafsir 50 Qaf Qaf Ibn Kathir - Anglais Chapitre SUIVEZ-NOUS Verset 1 Page 518…

[a-journey-to-true-self]

Lessons from Surah Al-Qalam: A Deep Dive into Divine Justice and Human Conduct

Surah Al-Qalam, the 68th chapter of the Quran, serves as a profound reminder of the principles of divine justice and human morality. This Surah, revealed in Mecca, addresses both the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and the disbelievers, offering lessons that are relevant to all of humanity. Here, we explore key themes and lessons from the Surah that guide Muslims towards righteousness and…

[dailytafsirofquran]

TEFSIR ibn KATHIR

Surah Qamar

Revealed in Makkah

The Hadith of Abu Waqid preceded, in which it is mentioned that the Messenger of Allah would recite Qaf (Surah 53) and Al-Qamar, (Surah 54), during (the `Id Prayers of) Al-Adha and Al-Fitr. The Prophet used to recite these two Surahs during major gatherings and occasions because they contain Allah's promises and warnings, and information about the origin of creation, Resurrection, Tawhid, the affirmation of Prophethood, and so forth among the great objectives.

Surah Qamar Ayah 1-6

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

1 The Hour has drawn near, and the moon has been cleft asunder.

2 And if they see an Ayah, they turn away and say: "This is magic, Mustamir.''

3 They denied and followed their own lusts. And every matter will be settled.

4 And indeed there has come to them news wherein there is Muzdajar.

5 Perfect wisdom, but warners benefit them not.

The Hour draws near; the cleaving of the Moon Allah informs,

The Hour has drawn near, and the moon has been cleft asunder.

Allah informs about the approach of the Last Hour and the imminent end and demise of the world,

The Event ordained by Allah will come to pass, so seek not to hasten it. (16:1),

Draws near for mankind their reckoning, while they turn away in heedlessness. (21:1)

Hadiths about the Last Hour

There are several Hadiths with this meaning.

Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bazzar recorded that Anas said that one day, when the sun was about to set, the Messenger of Allah gave a speech to his Companions, saying,

By He in Whose Hand is my soul! Not much of this world is left compared to what has already passed of it, except as much as what is left in this day of yours compared to what has already passed of it.

Anas said,

"We could only see a small part of the setting sun at the time.''

Another Hadith that supports and explains the above Hadith is recorded by Imam Ahmad that Abdullah bin Umar said,

"We were sitting with the Prophet while the sun was rising above Qu`ayqa`an, after `Asr. He said, What remains of your time, compared to what has passed, is as long as what remains of this day compared to what has passed of it.''

Imam Ahmad recorded that Sahl bin Sa`d said that he heard the Messenger of Allah say,

I was sent like this with the Last Hour.

and he pointed with his middle and index finger.

The Two Sahihs also recorded this Hadith.

Imam Ahmad recorded that Wahb As-Suwa'i said that the Messenger of Allah said,

I was sent just before the Last Hour, like the distance between this and this; the latter almost overtook the former.

Al-A`mash joined between his index and middle fingers while narrating this Hadith.

Imam Ahmad recorded that Al-Awzai said that Ismail bin Ubaydullah said,

"Anas bin Malik went to Al-Walid bin Abdul-Malik who asked him about what he heard from the Messenger of Allah about the Last Hour. Anas said, `I heard the Messenger of Allah say, You and the Last Hour are as close as these two (fingers).'''

Only Imam Ahmad collected this Hadith.

There is proof to support these Hadiths in the Sahih listing, Al-Hashir (literally the Gatherer), among the names of the Messenger of Allah; he is the first to be gathered, and all people will be gathered thereafter (for the Day of Judgement).

Allah's statement, and the moon has been cleft asunder.

It occurred during the time of Allah's Messenger, according to the authentic Mutawatir Hadiths the scholars agree that the moon was cleft asunder during the lifetime of the Prophet, and it was among the clear miracles that Allah gave him.

Hadiths mentioning that the Moon was split

The Narration of Anas bin Malik

Imam Ahmad recorded that Anas bin Malik said,

"The people of Makkah asked the Prophet for a miracle and the moon was split into two parts in Makkah.

Allah said,

The Hour has drawn near, and the moon has been cleft asunder.''

Muslim also collected this Hadith.

Al-Bukhari recorded that Anas bin Malik said,

"The people of Makkah asked the Messenger of Allah to produce a miracle, and he showed them the splitting of the moon into two parts, until they saw (the mount of) Hira' between them.''

This Hadith is recorded in the Two Sahihs with various chains of narration.

The Narration of Jubayr bin Mut`im

Imam Ahmad recorded that Jubayr bin Mut`im said,

"The moon was split into two pieces during the time of Allah's Prophet; a part of the moon was over one mountain and another part over another mountain. So they said, `Muhammad has taken us by his magic.' They then said, `If he was able to take us by magic, he will not be able to do so with all people.'''

Only Imam Ahmad recorded this Hadith with this chain of narration.

Al-Bayhaqi used another chain of narration in a similar Hadith he collected in Ad-Dala'il.

The Narration of `Abdullah bin `Abbas

Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn Abbas said,

"The moon was split during the time of the Prophet.'' Al-Bukhari and Muslim collected this Hadith.

Ibn Jarir recorded that Ibn Abbas commented on Allah's saying:

The Hour has drawn near, and the moon has been cleft asunder. And if they see a sign, they turn away and say:

"This is magic, Mustamir.''

This occurred before the Hijrah; the moon was split and they saw it in two parts.''

The Narration of `Abdullah bin `Umar Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr

Al-Bayhaqi recorded that Abdullah bin Umar commented on Allah's statement:

The Hour has drawn near, and the moon has been cleft asunder.

"This occurred during the time of Allah's Messenger; the moon was split in two parts. A part of it was before the mount and a part on the other side.

The Prophet said, O Allah! Be witness.''

This is the narration that Muslim and At-Tirmidhi collected.

At-Tirmidhi said, "Hasan Sahih.''

The Narration of `Abdullah bin Mas`ud

Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn Mas`ud said,

"The moon was split in two parts during the time of Allah's Messenger, and they saw its two parts. Allah's Messenger said, Be witnesses.''

Al-Bukhari and Muslim collected this Hadith.

Ibn Jarir recorded that Abdullah (Ibn Mas`ud) said,

"I saw the mountain between the two parts of the moon when it was split.''

Imam Ahmad recorded that Abdullah said,

"The moon was split during the time of Allah's Messenger and I saw the mount between its two parts."

The Stubbornness of the idolators

Allah said,

And if they see an Ayah,

if they see proof, evidence and a sign, they turn away, they do not believe in it. Rather, they turn away from it, abandoning it behind their backs, and say: "This is magic, Mustamir.''

They say, `the sign that we saw was magic, which was cast on us.'

Mustamir, means, `will soon go away', according to Mujahid, Qatadah and several others.

The Quraysh said that the cleaving of the moon was false and will soon diminish and fade away,

They denied and followed their own lusts., they rejected the truth when it came to them, following the ignorance and foolishness that their lusts and desires called them to.

Allah's statement,

And every matter will be settled.

means, the good deeds will take their doers to all that is good and righteous, and similarly evil deeds will take their doers to all that is evil, according to Qatadah, while Ibn Jurayj said, "will settle according to its people.''

Mujahid commented on the meaning of, (And every matter will be settled). by saying,

"On the Day of Resurrection.''

Allah's statement,

And indeed there has come to them news; in this Qur'an, there has come to them the news of the earlier nations that disbelieved in their Messengers and the torment, punishment and affliction that befell them, wherein there is Muzdajar, wherein there are warnings and lessons to stop them from idolatry and persisting in denial, Perfect wisdom, in that Allah guides whomever He wills and misguides whomever He wills, but warners benefit them not.

but the preaching of warnings does not benefit those upon whom Allah has written misery and sealed their hearts. Who can guide such people after Allah?

This Ayah is similar to Allah's statements, Say:

"With Allah is the perfect proof and argument; had He so willed, He would indeed have guided you all.'' (6:149)

and,

But neither Ayat nor warners benefit those who believe not. (10:101)

[dailytafsirofquran]

TEFSIR ibn KATHIR: Surah Qaf Ayah 36-40

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

36. And how many a generation We have destroyed before them who were stronger in power than they. And they went about the land! Could they find any place of refuge?

37. Verily, therein is indeed a reminder for him who has a heart or gives ear while he is heedful.

38. And indeed We created the heavens and the earth and all between them in six Days and nothing of fatigue touched Us.

39. So bear with patience all that they say, and glorify the praises of your Lord, before the rising of the sun and before (its) setting.

40 And during a part of the night (also) glorify His praises and (so likewise) after the prostrations.

Warning the Disbelievers of the imminent Torment;

Allah says,

And how many ...

Allah the Exalted asks, `how many We have destroyed before these denying disbelievers?'

a generation who were stronger in power than they. they were more numerous, mightier than they and who constructed on the earth and built on it more than they.

The statement of Allah the Exalted,

And they went about the land! Could they find any place of refuge?

Ibn Abbas commented,

"They left the traces throughout the land,''

Qatadah said,

"They traveled throughout the land seeking provisions through trade and business, more than you have.''

Allah's statement, (Could they find any place of refuge?)

means, `could they find a shelter from Allah's decision and appointed destiny? Have what they collected benefited them or averted Allah's torment when it came to them on account of their denial of the Messengers? Likewise, you will never be able to avert, avoid, or find refuge or shelter (from His torment).'

Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said,

Verily, therein is indeed a reminder, (and a lesson), for him who has a heart, meaning, a sound understanding with which he comprehends, or, a good mind, according to Mujahid, or gives ear while he is heedful.

meaning, he hears the speech, comprehends and understands it in his mind and grasps its indications with his intellect.

Mujahid said that, (or gives ear), means, he does not talk to himself but listens with an attentive heart.

Ad-Dahhak commented,

"The Arabs would say that someone has given ear when he hears with his ears, while his heart is present and not absent.''

Ath-Thawri and several others said similarly.

The statement of Allah the Exalted and Most Honored;

And indeed We created the heavens and the earth and all that between them in six Days and nothing of fatigue touched Us. is emphasis on the Resurrection because He Who is able to create the heavens and earth without fatigue, then surely He is able to resurrect the dead.

Qatadah said,

"The Jews, may Allah's curses descend on them, said that Allah created the heavens and earth in six days and then rested on the seventh day, which was the Sabbath. This is why they call it a holiday. Allah the Exalted then sent down denial of their statement and false opinion.''

Allah said, (and nothing of fatigue touched Us).

indicating that no sleep, exhaustion or weariness affects Him. Allah the Exalted the Blessed said in other Ayat,

Do they not see that Allah, Who created the heavens and the earth, and was not wearied by their creation, is able to give life to the dead?

Yes, He surely is Able to do all things. (46:33)

and,

The creation of the heavens and the earth is indeed greater than the creation of mankind. (40:57)

and,

Are you more difficult to create or is the heaven that He constructed? (79:27)

Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said,

So bear with patience all that they say, in reference to those who deny the Prophet, ordering him to be patient with them and turn away from them in a good way, and glorify the praises of your Lord, before the rising of the sun and before (its) setting.

There were two ordained prayers prior to the Isra' journey. One before the rising of the sun at dawn and the other before sunset in the evening. Qiyam Al-Layl, prayer at night, was a command for the Prophet and his followers for sometime but it was later abrogated for the Ummah. Later, during the Isra' journey, Allah abrogated all of the previous orders for prayer by ordaining five daily prayers, including the prayers of Fajr before sunrise, and `Asr in the late afternoon.

Imam Ahmad recorded that Jarir bin Abdullah said,

"When we were sitting with the Prophet, he looked at the full moon and said, Certainly you will be brought before your Lord and will see Him as you see this moon, and you will have no trouble in seeing Him. So, if you can avoid missing the prayer before the sunrise and the prayer before sunset, you must do so.

He then recited Allah's statement, (and glorify the praises of your Lord, before the rising of the sun and before (its) setting.)'''

The Two Sahihs and the rest of the Group collected this Hadith through the chain of Ismail.

Allah the Exalted said,

And during a part of the night glorify His praises, meaning pray to Him.

Allah said in another Ayah,

And in some parts of the night offer the Salah with it, as an additional prayer for you. It may be that your Lord will raise you to Maqam Mahmud. (17:79)

Ibn Abi Najih reported that Mujahid said that Ibn Abbas said that, and after the prostrations. refers to Tasbih, i.e. glorifying Allah's praises, after the prayers.

There is a Hadith collected in the Two Sahihs that supports this meaning.

Abu Hurayrah said,

"Some poor migrants came and said, `O Allah's Messenger! The wealthy people will get higher grades and will have permanent enjoyment.'

The Prophet said,

Why is that?

They said, `They pray as we do, fast as we do, yet they give charity, but we can not. They free slaves, but we can not.'

The Prophet said,

Shall I tell you about something that, if you did it, you would catch up with those who have surpassed you and nobody would be better than you except those who would do the same Say,

• Subhan Allah,

• Alhamdulillah and

• Allahu Akbar,

thirty-three times each after every prayer.

Later, they came back and said, `O Allah's Messenger! Our brethren, the wealthy Muslims, heard of what we did and they also did the same.'

The Prophet said,

This is a favor and grace of Allah, and He grants it to whom He wills.

There is another way of explaining the Ayah.

It is that Allah's statement, (and after the prostrations), refers to the two Rak`ahs after the Maghrib prayer.

This was reported from Umar bin Al-Khattab, Ali bin Abi Talib and his son Al-Hasan, Abdullah bin Abbas, Abu Hurayrah and Abu Umamah, may Allah be pleased with them.

This is also the saying of Mujahid, Ikrimah, Ash-Sha`bi, An-Nakha`i, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Qatadah, and others.

[dailytafsirofquran]

TEFSIR ibn KATHIR

Surah Qaf

Revealed in Makkah

The Beginning of the Mufassal Section of the Qur'an

This Surah is the first Surah in the Mufassal section of the Qur'an, according to the correct view.

It is said that the Mufassal starts with Surah Al-Hujurat. Some common people say that the Mufassal starts with Surah `Amma An-Naba, (Surah 78), however, this is not true because none of the respected scholars ever supported this opinion.

Aws (bin Hudhayfah) said;

"I asked the Companions of Allah's Messenger that how they divided the Qur'an.

They said; `Three, five, seven, nine, eleven, thirteen, and the Mufassal section as one.' ''

This was recorded by Ibn Majah and Imam Ahmad.

If one counts forty-eight Surahs, the next Surah will be Surah Qaf. The details are as follows:

The first three Surahs are: (Surah 2-4)

- Al-Baqarah - Al `Imran - An-Nisa'

The next five Surahs are: (Surah 5-9).

- Al-Ma'idah - Al-An`am - Al-A`raf

- Al-Anfal - At-Tawbah

The seven next Surahs are: (Surah 10-16)

- Yunus - Hud - Yusuf

- Ar-Ra`d - Ibrahim - Al-Hijr

- An-Nahl

The nine next Surahs are: (Surah 17-25)

- Al-Isra' - Al-Kahf - Maryam

- Ta Ha - Al-Anbiya - Al-Hajj

- Al-Mu`minun - An-Nur - Al-Furqan

The next eleven Surahs are: (Surah 26-36)

- Ash-Shu`ara - An-Naml - Al-Qasas

- Al-`Ankabut - Ar-Rum - Luqman

- Alif Lam Mim As-Sajdah - Al-Ahzab

- Saba' - Fatir - Ya Sin

The next thirteen Surahs are: (Surah 37-49)

- As-Saffat - Sad - Az-Zumar

- Ghafir - Fussilat - Ash-Shura

- Az-Zukhruf - Ad-Dukhan - Al-Jathiyah

- Al-Ahqaf - Muhammad - Al-Fath

- Al-Hujurat

After that comes the Mufassal section, according to the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them all.

Therefore, Surah Qaf is the first of the Mufassal, just as we stated, and all praise is due to Allah and all favors are from Him.

The Virtues of Surah Qaf

Imam Ahmad recorded that Umar bin Al-Khattab asked Abu Waqid Al-Laythi,

"What did the Prophet recite during the `Id Prayer''

Abu Waqid said, "Surah Qaf and Surah Iqtarabat i.e. Surah Al-Qamar (54).''

Muslim and the Four Collectors of the Sunan collected this Hadith.

Imam Ahmad recorded that Umm Hisham bint Harithah said,

"For around two years, or a year and a part of another year, our oven and the oven of the Prophet was one and the same. I memorized Surah, (Qaf. By the Glorious Qur'an), from the tongue of the Messenger of Allah who used to recite it every Friday while standing on the Minbar delivering the Friday sermon to the people.''

Muslim collected this Hadith.

Abu Dawud also recorded that the daughter of Al-Harith bin An-Numan said,

"I only memorized Surah Qaf from the mouth of the Messenger of Allah who used to recite it in every Friday Khutbah. Our oven and the oven of the Messenger was one and the same.''

Muslim and An-Nasa'i collected this Hadith.

Therefore, the Messenger of Allah used to recite this Surah during large gatherings such as the `Ids and during Friday sermons. He did so because this Surah contains news of the beginning of creation, Resurrection, the Return, Standing (before Allah), the Reckoning, Paradise, the Fire, Allah's reward and punishment, lessons of encouragement, and lessons of discouragement.

Allah knows best.

Surah Qaf Ayah 1-5

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

1 Qaf. By the Glorious Qur'an.

2. Nay, they wonder that there has come to them a warner from among themselves. So the disbelievers say: "This is a strange thing!''

3. "When we are dead and have become dust. (Shall we be resurrected). That is a far return.''

4. We know that which the earth takes of them, and with Us is a Book preserved.

5. Nay, but they have denied the truth when it has come to them, so they are in a Marij state.

Allah swears:

Qaf, By the Glorious Qur'an.

Qaf, which is one of the letters of the alphabet that are mentioned in the beginning of some Surahs, such as, (Sad) (38:1), (Nun) (68:1), (Alif Lam Mim) (2:1), (Ha Mim) (40:1), and (Ta Sin) (28:1) and etc.,

Mujahid and several others said this.

We also discussed this in the beginning of the explanation of Surah Al-Baqarah, and therefore, it is not necessary to repeat it here.

The Disbelievers wonder at the Message and Resurrection

Allah said,

Allah swears: By the Glorious Qur'an. means by the Honorable and Great Qur'an, which, Falsehood cannot come to it from before it or behind it: (it is) sent down by the All-Wise, Worthy of all praise. (41:42)

The subject of the oath contained in this Ayah is specified afterwards, even though it does not appear by word, emphasizing Prophethood, resurrection and affirming that they are true.

There are similar kinds of oaths in the Qur'an, whose subject is included in the meaning but not by word, such as, Sad. By the Qur'an full of reminding. Nay, those who disbelieve are in false pride and opposition. (38:1-2)

Allah said here,

Qaf. By the Glorious Qur'an. Nay, they wonder that there has come to them a warner from among themselves. So the disbelievers say: "This is a strange thing!''

They wondered at the wisdom behind sending a Messenger who is a human being. Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said in another Ayah Is it a wonder for mankind that We have sent Our revelation to a man from among themselves (saying): "Warn mankind.'' (10:2), meaning, this is not strange, for Allah chooses Messengers from angels and humans.

Allah the Exalted and Most Honored mentioned that the disbelievers also wondered about the Resurrection and discounted its coming,

When we are dead and have become dust. That is a far return.

They said, `after we die, disintegrate, with our organs torn apart and we become dust, how can we be brought back to our original shape and bodies,'

(That is a far return). `it is not likely that it will ever occur.'

They thought that Resurrection was far from happening and will never occur.

Allah the Exalted responded to their statement by saying, We know that which the earth takes of them.

meaning, `We know what the earth consumes of their dead bodies.' Where and how the bodies disintegrated, what they turned into and how they have become, all of this is never absent from Allah's knowledge.

and with Us is a Book preserved, `that keeps all records. Therefore, Our knowledge is encompassing and the Book of decrees has everything precisely recorded in it. Al-`Awfi narrated that Abdullah bin Abbas commented on the statement of Allah the Exalted, (We know that which the earth takes of them),

"It refers to what the earth consumes of their flesh, skin, bones and hair.''

A similar view was recorded from Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak and several others.

Allah, the Exalted and Most Honored, explained the reason behind their disbelief, rebellion and discounting the possibility of what is truly possible,

Nay, but they have denied the truth when it has come to them, so they are in a Marij state.

This is the state of all those who defy the Truth: whatever they say and utter after denying the Truth, is utterly false.

Marij means, in disarray, in a confused state and defying the characteristics of the Truth.

Allah the Exalted said in other Ayah, Certainly, you have different ideas. Turned aside therefrom is he who is turned aside. (51:8-9)

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http://www.recitequran.com/fr/tafsir/en.ibn-kathir/50:1

LIRE

Tafsir

50

Qaf

Qaf

Ibn Kathir – Anglais

Chapitre

SUIVEZ-NOUS

Verset

1

Page 518

The Beginning of the Mufassal Section of the Qur’an

This Surah is the first Surah in the Mufassal section of the Qur’an, according to the correct view. It is said that the Mufassal starts with Surat Al-Hujurat. Some common people say that the Mufassal starts with Surah `Amma An-Naba, (chapter 78), however, this is not true because none of the respected scholars ever supported this opinion. Aws (bin Hudhayfah) said; “I asked the Companions of Allah’s Messenger () how they divided the Qur’an. They said; `Three, five, seven, nine, eleven, thirteen, and the Mufassal section as one.’ ” This was recorded by Ibn Majah and Imam Ahmad. If one counts forty-eight Surahs, the next Surah will be Surah Qaf. The details are as follows: The ﴿first﴾ three Surahs are Al-Baqarah (chapter 2), Al `Imran (3), then An-Nisa’ (4). The five are Al-Ma’idah (5), Al-An`am (6), Al-A`raf (7), Al-Anfal (8) and Bara’ah (or At-Tawbah) (9). The seven next Surahs are Surah Yunus (10), Hud (11), Yusuf (12), Ar-Ra`d (13), Ibrahim (14), Al-Hijr (15) and An-Nahl (16). The nine next Surahs are, Subhan (or Al-Isra’ (17)﴾, Al-Kahf (18), Maryam (19), Ta Ha (20), Al-Anbiya’ (21), Al-Hajj (22), Al-Mu`minun (23), An-Nur (24) and Al-Furqan (25). The next eleven Surahs are Surat Ash-Shu`ara (26), An-Naml (27), Al-Qasas (28), Al-`Ankabut (29), Ar-Rum (30), Luqman (31), Alif Lam Mim As-Sajdah (32), Al-Ahzab (33), Saba’ (34), Fatir (35) and Ya Sin (36). The next thirteen are Surat As-Saffat (37), Sad (38), Az-Zumar (39), Ghafir (40), Ha Mim As-Sajdah (or Fussilat) (41), Ash-Shura (42), Az-Zukhruf (43), Ad-Dukhan (44), Al-Jathiyah (45), Al-Ahqaf (46), Al-Qital (or Muhammad) (47), Al-Fath (48) and Al-Hujurat (49). After that comes the Mufassal section, according to the Companions, may Allah be pleased with them all. Therefore, Surah Qaf (chapter 50) is the first of the Mufassal, just as we stated, and all praise is due to Allah and all favors are from Him.

The Virtues of Surah Qaf

Imam Ahmad recorded that `Umar bin Al-Khattab asked Abu Waqid Al-Laythi, “What did the Prophet recite during the `Id Prayer” Abu Waqid said, “Surah Qaf and Surat Iqtarabat (i.e. Surat Al-Qamar (54)).” Muslim and the Four Collectors of the Sunan collected this Hadith. Imam Ahmad recorded that Umm Hisham bint Harithah said, “For around two years, or a year and a part of another year, our oven and the oven of the Prophet was one and the same. I memorized Surah,

﴿ قٓ‌ۚ وَٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ ٱلۡمَجِيدِ ﴾

(Qaf. By the Glorious Qur’an.) from the tongue of the Messenger of Allah who used to recite it every Friday while standing on the Minbar delivering the Friday sermon to the people.” Muslim collected this Hadith. Abu Dawud also recorded that the daughter of Al-Harith bin An-Nu`man said, “I only memorized Surah Qaf from the mouth of the Messenger of Allah who used to recite it in every Friday Khutbah. Our oven and the oven of the Messenger was one and the same.” Muslim and An-Nasa’i collected this Hadith. Therefore, the Messenger of Allah used to recite this Surah during large gatherings such as the `Ids and during Friday sermons. He did so because this Surah contains news of the beginning of creation, Resurrection, the Return, Standing (before Allah), the Reckoning, Paradise, the Fire, Allah’s reward and punishment, lessons of encouragement, and lessons of discouragement. Allah knows best.

﴿ بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ﴾

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

﴿ قٓ‌ۚ وَٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ ٱلۡمَجِيدِ • بَلۡ عَجِبُوٓاْ أَن جَآءَهُم مُّنذِرٌ۬ مِّنۡهُمۡ فَقَالَ ٱلۡكَـٰفِرُونَ هَـٰذَا شَىۡءٌ عَجِيبٌ • أَءِذَا مِتۡنَا وَكُنَّا تُرَابً۬ا‌ۖ ذَٲلِكَ رَجۡعُۢ بَعِيدٌ۬ • قَدۡ عَلِمۡنَا مَا تَنقُصُ ٱلۡأَرۡضُ مِنۡہُمۡ‌ۖ وَعِندَنَا كِتَـٰبٌ حَفِيظُۢ • بَلۡ كَذَّبُواْ بِٱلۡحَقِّ لَمَّا جَآءَهُمۡ فَهُمۡ فِىٓ أَمۡرٍ۬ مَّرِيجٍ ﴾

(1. Qaf. By the Glorious Qur’an.) (2. Nay, they wonder that there has come to them a warner from among themselves. So the disbelievers say: “This is a strange thing!”) (3. “When we are dead and have become dust. (Shall we be resurrected) That is a far return.”) (4. We know that which the earth takes of them, and with Us is a Book preserved.) (5. Nay, but they have denied the truth when it has come to them, so they are in a Marij state.)

﴿ قٓ‌ۚ ﴾

(Qaf.) which is one of the letters of the alphabet that are mentioned in the beginning of some Surahs, such as,

﴿ صٓ‌ۚ ﴾

(Sad.) (38:1)

﴿ نٓ‌ۚ ﴾

(Nun. ) (68:1)

﴿ الٓمٓ ﴾

(Alif Lam Mim.) (2:1),

﴿ حمٓ ﴾

(Ha Mim.) (40:1), and

﴿ طسٓ‌ۚ ﴾

(Ta Sin) (28:1) and etc., Mujahid and several others said this. We also discussed this in the beginning of the explanation of Surat Al-Baqarah, and therefore, it is not necessary to repeat it here.

The Disbelievers wonder at the Message and Resurrection Allah said,

﴿ وَٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ ٱلۡمَجِيدِ ﴾

(By the Glorious Qur’an.) means by the Honorable and Great Qur’an, which,

﴿ لَّا يَأۡتِيهِ ٱلۡبَـٰطِلُ مِنۢ بَيۡنِ يَدَيۡهِ وَلَا مِنۡ خَلۡفِهِۦ‌ۖ تَنزِيلٌ۬ مِّنۡ حَكِيمٍ حَمِيدٍ۬ ﴾

(Falsehood cannot come to it from before it or behind it: (it is) sent down by the All-Wise, Worthy of all praise.)(41:42) The subject of the oath contained in this Ayah is specified afterwards, even though it does not appear by word, emphasizing prophethood, resurrection and affirming that they are true. There are similar kinds of oaths in the Qur’an, whose subject is included in the meaning but not by word, such as,

﴿ صٓ‌ۚ وَٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ ذِى ٱلذِّكۡرِ • بَلِ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فِى عِزَّةٍ۬ وَشِقَاقٍ۬ ﴾

(Sad. By the Qur’an full of reminding. Nay, those who disbelieve are in false pride and opposition.)(38:1-2) Allah said here,

﴿ قٓ‌ۚ وَٱلۡقُرۡءَانِ ٱلۡمَجِيدِ • بَلۡ عَجِبُوٓاْ أَن جَآءَهُم مُّنذِرٌ۬ مِّنۡهُمۡ فَقَالَ ٱلۡكَـٰفِرُونَ هَـٰذَا شَىۡءٌ عَجِيبٌ ﴾

(Qaf. By the Glorious Qur’an. Nay, they wonder that there has come to them a warner from among themselves. So the disbelievers say: “This is a strange thing!”) They wondered at the wisdom behind sending a Messenger who is a human being. Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said in another Ayah

﴿ أَكَانَ لِلنَّاسِ عَجَبًا أَنۡ أَوۡحَيۡنَآ إِلَىٰ رَجُلٍ۬ مِّنۡہُمۡ أَنۡ أَنذِرِ ٱلنَّاسَ ﴾

(Is it a wonder for mankind that We have sent Our revelation to a man from among themselves (saying): “Warn mankind.”) (10:2), meaning, this is not strange, for Allah chooses Messengers from angels and humans. Allah the Exalted and Most Honored mentioned that the disbelievers also wondered about the Resurrection and discounted its coming,

﴿ أَءِذَا مِتۡنَا وَكُنَّا تُرَابً۬ا‌ۖ ذَٲلِكَ رَجۡعُۢ بَعِيدٌ۬ ﴾

(When we are dead and have become dust. That is a far return.) They said, `after we die, disintegrate, with our organs torn apart and we become dust, how can we be brought back to our original shape and bodies,’

﴿ ذَٲلِكَ رَجۡعُۢ بَعِيدٌ۬ ﴾

(That is a far return.) `it is not likely that it will ever occur.’ They thought that Resurrection was far from happening and will never occur. Allah the Exalted responded to their statement by saying,

﴿ قَدۡ عَلِمۡنَا مَا تَنقُصُ ٱلۡأَرۡضُ مِنۡہُمۡ‌ۖ ﴾

(We know that which the earth takes of them.) meaning, `We know what the earth consumes of their dead bodies.’ Where and how the bodies disintegrated, what they turned into and how they have become, all of this is never absent from Allah’s knowledge.

﴿ وَعِندَنَا كِتَـٰبٌ حَفِيظُۢ ﴾

(and with Us is a Book preserved,) `that keeps all records. Therefore, Our knowledge is encompassing and the Book of decrees has everything precisely recorded in it. Al-`Awfi narrated that `Abdullah bin `Abbas commented on the statement of Allah the Exalted,

﴿ قَدۡ عَلِمۡنَا مَا تَنقُصُ ٱلۡأَرۡضُ مِنۡہُمۡ‌ۖ ﴾

(We know that which the earth takes of them,) “It refers to what the earth consumes of their flesh, skin, bones and hair.” A similar view was recorded from Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak and several others. Allah, the Exalted and Most Honored, explained the reason behind their disbelief, rebellion and discounting the possibility of what is truly possible,

﴿ بَلۡ كَذَّبُواْ بِٱلۡحَقِّ لَمَّا جَآءَهُمۡ فَهُمۡ فِىٓ أَمۡرٍ۬ مَّرِيجٍ ﴾

(Nay, but they have denied the truth when it has come to them, so they are in a Marij state.) This is the state of all those who defy the Truth: whatever they say and utter after denying the Truth, is utterly false. Marij means, in disarray, in a confused state and defying the characteristics of the Truth. Allah the Exalted said in another Ayah,

﴿ إِنَّكُمۡ لَفِى قَوۡلٍ۬ مُّخۡتَلِفٍ۬ • يُؤۡفَكُ عَنۡهُ مَنۡ أُفِكَ ﴾

(Certainly, you have different ideas. Turned aside therefrom is he who is turned aside.)(51:8-9)

﴿ أَفَلَمۡ يَنظُرُوٓاْ إِلَى ٱلسَّمَآءِ فَوۡقَهُمۡ كَيۡفَ بَنَيۡنَـٰهَا وَزَيَّنَّـٰهَا وَمَا لَهَا مِن فُرُوجٍ۬ • وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ مَدَدۡنَـٰهَا وَأَلۡقَيۡنَا فِيہَا رَوَٲسِىَ وَأَنۢبَتۡنَا فِيہَا مِن كُلِّ زَوۡجِۭ بَهِيجٍ۬ • تَبۡصِرَةً۬ وَذِكۡرَىٰ لِكُلِّ عَبۡدٍ۬ مُّنِيبٍ۬ • وَنَزَّلۡنَا مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءً۬ مُّبَـٰرَكً۬ا فَأَنۢبَتۡنَا بِهِۦ جَنَّـٰتٍ۬ وَحَبَّ ٱلۡحَصِيدِ • وَٱلنَّخۡلَ بَاسِقَـٰتٍ۬ لَّهَا طَلۡعٌ۬ نَّضِيدٌ۬ • رِّزۡقً۬ا لِّلۡعِبَادِ‌ۖ وَأَحۡيَيۡنَا بِهِۦ بَلۡدَةً۬ مَّيۡتً۬ا‌ۚ كَذَٲلِكَ ٱلۡخُرُوجُ ﴾

(6. Have they not looked at the heaven above them, how We have made it and adorned it, and there are no Furuj in it) (7. And the earth! We have spread it out, and set thereon Rawasi standing firm, and We planted in it every lovely (Bahij) pair.) (8. An insight and a Reminder for every servant who turns to Allah in repentance.) (9. And We send down blessed water (rain) from the sky, then We produce therewith Jannat and grain that are reaped.) (10. And date palms Basiqat, with arranged clusters.) (11. A provision for the servants. And We give life therewith to a dead land. Thus will be the Resurrection.)

Allah’s Power and Ability over what is Greater than Resurrection

Allah the Exalted notifies the servants of His infinite power, which He demonstrated by creating what is bigger than that which they wondered about and whose possibility they discount,

﴿ أَفَلَمۡ يَنظُرُوٓاْ إِلَى ٱلسَّمَآءِ فَوۡقَهُمۡ كَيۡفَ بَنَيۡنَـٰهَا وَزَيَّنَّـٰهَا ﴾

(Have they not looked at the heaven above them, how We have made it and adorned it,) with lamps;

﴿ وَمَا لَهَا مِن فُرُوجٍ۬ ﴾

(and there are no Furuj in it) i.e., clefts, according to Mujahid. Others said that Furuj means, rifts, or cracks. All these meanings are close to one another. Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said,

﴿ ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَ سَبۡعَ سَمَـٰوَٲتٍ۬ طِبَاقً۬ا‌ۖ مَّا تَرَىٰ فِى خَلۡقِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ مِن تَفَـٰوُتٍ۬‌ۖ فَٱرۡجِعِ ٱلۡبَصَرَ هَلۡ تَرَىٰ مِن فُطُورٍ۬ • ثُمَّ ٱرۡجِعِ ٱلۡبَصَرَ كَرَّتَيۡنِ يَنقَلِبۡ إِلَيۡكَ ٱلۡبَصَرُ خَاسِئً۬ا وَهُوَ حَسِيرٌ۬ ﴾

(Who has created the seven heavens one above another; you can see no fault in the creation of the Most Gracious. Then look again: “Can you see any rifts” Then look again and yet again, your sight will return to you in a state of humiliation and worn out.) (67:2-4) fatigued, unable to discover any imperfection or shortcomings. The statement of Allah the Exalted, the Blessed,

﴿ وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ مَدَدۡنَـٰهَا ﴾

(And the earth! We have spread it out, ) means, `We made it spacious and spread it out,’

﴿ وَأَلۡقَيۡنَا فِيهَا رَوَٲسِىَ ﴾

(and set thereon Rawasi standing firm.) which are the mountains to save the earth from shaking along with its inhabitants,

﴿ وَأَنۢبَتۡنَا فِيہَا مِن كُلِّ زَوۡجِۭ بَهِيجٍ۬ ﴾

(and We planted in it every lovely (Bahij) pair.) every kind and species of plant, fruit and vegetation,

﴿ وَمِن ڪُلِّ شَىۡءٍ خَلَقۡنَا زَوۡجَيۡنِ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَذَكَّرُونَ ﴾

(And of everything We have created pairs that you may reflect.)(51:49) Allah’s saying `Bahij’, meaning a beautiful scene,

﴿ تَبۡصِرَةً۬ وَذِكۡرَىٰ لِكُلِّ عَبۡدٍ۬ مُّنِيبٍ۬ ﴾

(An insight and a Reminder for every servant who turns to Allah in repentance.) Allah says that observing the creation of the heavens and earth and all the great things that He has placed in them provides insight, proof and a lesson for every penitent servant who submits in humbleness and repentance to Allah feeling fear, in awe of Him. Allah the Exalted said,

﴿ وَنَزَّلۡنَا مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءً۬ مُّبَـٰرَكً۬ا ﴾

(And We send down blessed water from the sky,) meaning beneficial,

﴿ فَأَنۢبَتۡنَا بِهِۦ جَنَّـٰتٍ۬ ﴾

(then We produce therewith Jannat), means special and public parks, gardens, etc.

﴿ وَحَبَّ ٱلۡحَصِيدِ ﴾

(and grain that are reaped) grains that are harvested for food and for storage for later use,

﴿ بَاسِقَـٰتٍ۬ ﴾

(And date palms Basiqat,) meaning, tall and high, according to the explanation reported from Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, `Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Qatadah and As-Suddi. Allah said,

﴿ لَّهَا طَلۡعٌ۬ نَّضِيدٌ۬ ﴾

(with arranged clusters.) producing fruits arranged in clusters,

﴿ رِّزۡقً۬ا لِّلۡعِبَادِ‌ۖ ﴾

(A provision for (Allah’s) servants.) for (Allah’s) creation,

﴿ وَأَحۡيَيۡنَا بِهِۦ بَلۡدَةً۬ مَّيۡتً۬ا‌ۚ ﴾

(And We give life therewith to a dead land.) this is the land that was barren. However, when rain falls upon it, it is stirred to life; it swells and produces all of the lovely pairs such as flowers and the like — amazing on account of their beauty. All of this comes into existence after the land was without greenery, yet it was stirred back to life and became green. Indeed, this should provide proof of Resurrection after death and disintegration; thus Allah resurrects the dead. This sign of Allah’s ability that is seen and witnessed is greater than the denial of those who discount the possibility of Resurrection. Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said in other Ayat,

﴿ لَخَلۡقُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضِ أَڪۡبَرُ مِنۡ خَلۡقِ ٱلنَّاسِ ﴾

(The creation of the heavens and the earth is indeed greater than the creation of mankind;) (40:57),

﴿ أَوَلَمۡ يَرَوۡاْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٲتِ وَٱلۡأَرۡضَ وَلَمۡ يَعۡىَ بِخَلۡقِهِنَّ بِقَـٰدِرٍ عَلَىٰٓ أَن يُحۡـِۧىَ ٱلۡمَوۡتَىٰ‌ۚ بَلَىٰٓ إِنَّهُ ۥ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىۡءٍ۬ قَدِيرٌ۬ ﴾

(Do they not see that Allah, Who created the heavens and the earth, and was not wearied by their creation, is able to give life to the dead Yes, He surely is Able to do all things.)(46:33) and,

﴿ وَمِنۡ ءَايَـٰتِهِۦۤ أَنَّكَ تَرَى ٱلۡأَرۡضَ خَـٰشِعَةً۬ فَإِذَآ أَنزَلۡنَا عَلَيۡہَا ٱلۡمَآءَ ٱهۡتَزَّتۡ وَرَبَتۡ‌ۚ إِنَّ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَحۡيَاهَا لَمُحۡىِ ٱلۡمَوۡتَىٰٓ‌ۚ إِنَّهُ ۥ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىۡءٍ۬ قَدِيرٌ ﴾

(And among His signs (is this), that you see the earth barren; but when We send down water to it, it is stirred to life and growth. Verily, He Who gives it life, surely is able to give life to the dead. Indeed He is Able to do all things.)(41:39)

﴿ كَذَّبَتۡ قَبۡلَهُمۡ قَوۡمُ نُوحٍ۬ وَأَصۡحَـٰبُ ٱلرَّسِّ وَثَمُودُ • وَعَادٌ۬ وَفِرۡعَوۡنُ وَإِخۡوَٲنُ لُوطٍ۬ • وَأَصۡحَـٰبُ ٱلۡأَيۡكَةِ وَقَوۡمُ تُبَّعٍ۬‌ۚ كُلٌّ۬ كَذَّبَ ٱلرُّسُلَ فَحَقَّ وَعِيدِ • أَفَعَيِينَا بِٱلۡخَلۡقِ ٱلۡأَوَّلِ‌ۚ بَلۡ هُمۡ فِى لَبۡسٍ۬ مِّنۡ خَلۡقٍ۬ جَدِيدٍ۬ ﴾

(12. Denied before them the people of Nuh, and the Dwellers of Rass, and Thamud,) (13. And `Ad, and Fir`awn, and the brethren of Lut,) (14. And the Dwellers of Al-Aykah, and the people of Tubba`. Everyone of them denied (their) Messengers, so My threat took effect.) (15. Were We then tired with the first creation Nay, they are in confused doubt about a new creation.)

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http://www.recitequran.com/fr/tafsir/en.ibn-kathir/54:1

Asteroid before the impact in water

LIRE

Tafsir

54

Al-Qamar

La lune

Ibn Kathir – Anglais

Chapitre

SUIVEZ-NOUS

Verset

1

Page 528

Which was revealed in Makkah

The Hadith of Abu Waqid preceded, in which it is mentioned that the Messenger of Allah would recite Surah Qaf (chapter 53) and Iqtarabat As-Sa`ah (Al-Qamar, chapter 54), during (the `Id Prayers of) Al-Adha and Al-Fitr. The Prophet used to recite these two Surahs during major gatherings and occasions because they contain Allah’s promises and warnings, and information about the origin of creation, Resurrection, Tawhid, the affirmation of prophethood, and so forth among the great objectives.

﴿ بِسۡمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ﴾

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

﴿ ٱقۡتَرَبَتِ ٱلسَّاعَةُ وَٱنشَقَّ ٱلۡقَمَرُ • وَإِن يَرَوۡاْ ءَايَةً۬ يُعۡرِضُواْ وَيَقُولُواْ سِحۡرٌ۬ مُّسۡتَمِرٌّ۬ • وَڪَذَّبُواْ وَٱتَّبَعُوٓاْ أَهۡوَآءَهُمۡ‌ۚ وَڪُلُّ أَمۡرٍ۬ مُّسۡتَقِرٌّ۬ • وَلَقَدۡ جَآءَهُم مِّنَ ٱلۡأَنۢبَآءِ مَا فِيهِ مُزۡدَجَرٌ • حِڪۡمَةُۢ بَـٰلِغَةٌ۬‌ۖ فَمَا تُغۡنِ ٱلنُّذُرُ ﴾

(1. The Hour has drawn near, and the moon has been cleft asunder.) (2. And if they see an Ayah, they turn away and say: “This is magic, Mustamir.”) (3. They denied and followed their own lusts. And every matter will be settled.) (4. And indeed there has come to them news wherein there is Muzdajar.) (5. Perfect wisdom, but warners benefit them not.)

The Hour draws near; the cleaving of the Moon

Allah informs about the approach of the Last Hour and the imminent end and demise of the world,

﴿ أَتَىٰٓ أَمۡرُ ٱللَّهِ فَلَا تَسۡتَعۡجِلُوهُ‌ۚ ﴾

(The Event ordained by Allah will come to pass, so seek not to hasten it.)(16:1),

﴿ ٱقۡتَرَبَ لِلنَّاسِ حِسَابُهُمۡ وَهُمۡ فِى غَفۡلَةٍ۬ مُّعۡرِضُونَ ﴾

(Draws near for mankind their reckoning, while they turn away in heedlessness.)(21:1)

Hadiths about the Last Hour

There are several Hadiths with this meaning. Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr Al-Bazzar recorded that Anas said that one day, when the sun was about to set, the Messenger of Allah gave a speech to his Companions, saying,

« وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا فِيمَا مَضَى مِنْهَا إِلَّا كَمَا بَقِيَ مِنْ يَوْمِكُمْ هذَا فِيمَا مَضَى مِنْه »

(By He in Whose Hand is my soul! Not much of this world is left compared to what has already passed of it, except as much as what is left in this day of yours compared to what has already passed of it.) Anas said, “We could only see a small part of the setting sun at the time.” Another Hadith that supports and explains the above Hadith is recorded by Imam Ahmad that `Abdullah bin `Umar said, “We were sitting with the Prophet while the sun was rising above Qu`ayqa`an, after `Asr. He said,

« مَا أَعْمَارُكُمْ فِي أَعْمَارِ مَنْ مَضَى إِلَّا كَمَا بَقِيَ مِنَ النَّهَارِ فِيمَا مَضَى »

(What remains of your time, compared to what has passed, is as long as what remains of this day compared to what has passed of it.)” Imam Ahmad recorded that Sahl bin Sa`d said that he heard the Messenger of Allah say,

« بُعِثْتُ أَنَا وَالسَّاعَةُ هكَذَا »

(I was sent like this with the Last Hour.) and he pointed with his middle and index finger. The Two Sahihs also recorded this Hadith. Imam Ahmad recorded that Wahb As-Suwa’i said that the Messenger of Allah said,

« بُعِثْتُ أَنَا وَالسَّاعَةُ كَهذِهِ مِنْ هذِهِ، إِنْ كَادَتْ لَتَسْبِقُنِي »

(I was sent just before the Last Hour, like the distance between this and this; the latter almost overtook the former.) Al-A`mash joined between his index and middle fingers while narrating this Hadith. Imam Ahmad recorded that Al-Awza`i said that Isma`il bin `Ubaydullah said, “Anas bin Malik went to Al-Walid bin `Abdul-Malik who asked him about what he heard from the Messenger of Allah about the Last Hour. Anas said, `I heard the Messenger of Allah say,

« أَنْتُمْ وَالسَّاعَةُ كَهَاتَيْن »

(You and the Last Hour are as close as these two (fingers).)”’ Only Imam Ahmad collected this Hadith. There is proof to support these Hadiths in the Sahih listing, Al-Hashir (literally the Gatherer), among the names of the Messenger of Allah; he is the first to be gathered, and all people will be gathered thereafter (for the Day of Judgment). Allah’s statement,

﴿ وَٱنشَقَّ ٱلۡقَمَرُ ﴾

(and the moon has been cleft asunder.) It occurred during the time of Allah’s Messenger, according to the authentic Mutawatir Hadiths the scholars agree that the moon was cleft asunder during the lifetime of the Prophet, and it was among the clear miracles that Allah gave him. Hadiths mentioning that the Moon was split

The Narration of Anas bin Malik

Imam Ahmad recorded that Anas bin Malik said, “The people of Makkah asked the Prophet for a miracle and the moon was split into two parts in Makkah. Allah said,

﴿ ٱقۡتَرَبَتِ ٱلسَّاعَةُ وَٱنشَقَّ ٱلۡقَمَرُ ﴾

(The Hour has drawn near, and the moon has been cleft asunder.)” Muslim also collected this Hadith. Al-Bukhari recorded that Anas bin Malik said, “The people of Makkah asked the Messenger of Allah to produce a miracle, and he showed them the splitting of the moon into two parts, until they saw (the mount of) Hira’ between them.” This Hadith is recorded in the Two Sahihs with various chains of narration.

The Narration of Jubayr bin Mut`im

Imam Ahmad recorded that Jubayr bin Mut`im said, “The moon was split into two pieces during the time of Allah’s Prophet; a part of the moon was over one mountain and another part over another mountain. So they said, `Muhammad has taken us by his magic.’ They then said, `If he was able to take us by magic, he will not be able to do so with all people.”’ Only Imam Ahmad recorded this Hadith with this chain of narration. Al-Bayhaqi used another chain of narration in a similar Hadith he collected in Ad-Dala’il.

The Narration of `Abdullah bin `Abbas

Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, “The moon was split during the time of the Prophet .” Al-Bukhari and Muslim collected this Hadith. Ibn Jarir recorded that Ibn `Abbas commented on Allah’s saying:

﴿ ٱقۡتَرَبَتِ ٱلسَّاعَةُ وَٱنشَقَّ ٱلۡقَمَرُ • وَإِن يَرَوۡاْ ءَايَةً۬ يُعۡرِضُواْ وَيَقُولُواْ سِحۡرٌ۬ مُّسۡتَمِرٌّ۬ ﴾

(The Hour has drawn near, and the moon has been cleft asunder. And if they see a sign, they turn away and say: “This is magic, Mustamir.”) “This occurred before the Hijrah; the moon was split and they saw it in two parts.”

The Narration of `Abdullah bin `Umar Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr

Al-Bayhaqi recorded that `Abdullah bin `Umar commented on Allah’s statement:

﴿ ٱقۡتَرَبَتِ ٱلسَّاعَةُ وَٱنشَقَّ ٱلۡقَمَرُ ﴾

(The Hour has drawn near, and the moon has been cleft asunder.) “This occurred during the time of Allah’s Messenger; the moon was split in two parts. A part of it was before the mount and a part on the other side. The Prophet said,

« اللْهُمَّ اشْهَد »

(O Allah! Be witness.)” This is the narration that Muslim and At-Tirmidhi collected. At-Tirmidhi said, “Hasan Sahih.”

The Narration of `Abdullah bin Mas`ud

Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn Mas`ud said, “The moon was split in two parts during the time of Allah’s Messenger, and they saw its two parts. Allah’s Messenger said,

« اشْهَدُوا »

(Be witnesses.)” Al-Bukhari and Muslim collected this Hadith. Ibn Jarir recorded that `Abdullah (Ibn Mas`ud) said, “I saw the mountain between the two parts of the moon when it was split.” Imam Ahmad recorded that `Abdullah said, “The moon was split during the time of Allah’s Messenger and I saw the mount between its two parts.

The Stubbornness of the idolators

Allah said,

﴿ وَإِن يَرَوۡاْ ءَايَةً۬ ﴾

(And if they see an Ayah), if they see proof, evidence and a sign,

﴿ يُعۡرِضُواْ ﴾

(they turn away), they do not believe in it. Rather, they turn away from it, abandoning it behind their backs,

﴿ وَيَقُولُواْ سِحۡرٌ۬ مُّسۡتَمِرٌّ۬ ﴾

(and say: “This is magic, Mustamir.”) They say, `the sign that we saw was magic, which was cast on us.’ Mustamir, means, `will soon go away’, according to Mujahid, Qatadah and several others. The Quraysh said that the cleaving of the moon was false and will soon diminish and fade away,

﴿ وَڪَذَّبُواْ وَٱتَّبَعُوٓاْ أَهۡوَآءَهُمۡ‌ۚ ﴾

(They denied and followed their own lusts.), they rejected the truth when it came to them, following the ignorance and foolishness that their lusts and desires called them to. Allah’s statement,

﴿ وَڪُلُّ أَمۡرٍ۬ مُّسۡتَقِرٌّ۬ ﴾

(And every matter will be settled.) means, the good deeds will take their doers to all that is good and righteous, and similarly evil deeds will take their doers to all that is evil, according to Qatadah, while Ibn Jurayj said, “will settle according to its people.” Mujahid commented on the meaning of,

﴿ وَڪُلُّ أَمۡرٍ۬ مُّسۡتَقِرٌّ۬ ﴾

(And every matter will be settled.) by saying, “On the Day of Resurrection.” Allah’s statement,

﴿ وَلَقَدۡ جَآءَهُم مِّنَ ٱلۡأَنۢبَآءِ ﴾

(And indeed there has come to them news); in this Qur’an, there has come to them the news of the earlier nations that disbelieved in their Messengers and the torment, punishment and affliction that befell them,

﴿ مَا فِيهِ مُزۡدَجَرٌ ﴾

(wherein there is Muzdajar), wherein there are warnings and lessons to stop them from idolatry and persisting in denial,

﴿ حِڪۡمَةُۢ بَـٰلِغَةٌ۬‌ۖ ﴾

(Perfect wisdom,) in that Allah guides whomever He wills and misguides whomever He wills,

﴿ فَمَا تُغۡنِ ٱلنُّذُرُ ﴾

(but warners benefit them not.) but the preaching of warnings does not benefit those upon whom Allah has written misery and sealed their hearts. Who can guide such people after Allah This Ayah is similar to Allah’s statements,

﴿ قُلۡ فَلِلَّهِ ٱلۡحُجَّةُ ٱلۡبَـٰلِغَةُ‌ۖ فَلَوۡ شَآءَ لَهَدَٮٰكُمۡ أَجۡمَعِينَ ﴾

(Say: “With Allah is the perfect proof and argument; had He so willed, He would indeed have guided you all.”)(6:149) and,

﴿ وَمَا تُغۡنِى ٱلۡأَيَـٰتُ وَٱلنُّذُرُ عَن قَوۡمٍ۬ لَّا يُؤۡمِنُونَ ﴾

(But neither Ayat nor warners benefit those who believe not.)(10:101)

﴿ فَتَوَلَّ عَنۡهُمۡ‌ۘ يَوۡمَ يَدۡعُ ٱل��َّاعِ إِلَىٰ شَىۡءٍ۬ نُّڪُرٍ • خُشَّعًا أَبۡصَـٰرُهُمۡ يَخۡرُجُونَ مِنَ ٱلۡأَجۡدَاثِ كَأَنَّہُمۡ جَرَادٌ۬ مُّنتَشِرٌ۬ • مُّهۡطِعِينَ إِلَى ٱلدَّاعِ‌ۖ يَقُولُ ٱلۡكَـٰفِرُونَ هَـٰذَا يَوۡمٌ عَسِرٌ۬ ﴾

(6. So withdraw from them. The Day that the caller will call (them) to a terrible thing.) (7. They will come forth, with humbled eyes from (their) graves as if they were locusts spread abroad,) (8. Hastening towards the caller. The disbelievers will say: “This is a hard Day.”)

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