#linnaeus

[a-dinosaur-a-day]

Birds are class Aves.

Sure, under Linnaean taxonomy. But, well,

A) Linnaeus was a eugenecist so his scientific opinions are suspect and his morality is awful

B) he didn't know about evolution

C) he didn't know about prehistoric life

so his classification system? Sucks ass. It doesn't work anymore. It no longer reflects the diversity of life.

Instead, scientists - almost across the board, now - use Clades, or evolutionary relationships. No rankings, no hierarchies, just clades. It allows us to properly place prehistoric life, it removes our reliance on traits (which are almost always arbitrary) in classifying organisms, and allows us to communicate the history of life just by talking about their relationships.

So, for your own edification, here's the full classification of birds as we currently know it, from biggest to smallest:

Biota/Earth-Based Life

Archaeans

Proteoarchaeota

Asgardians (Eukaryomorphans)

Eukaryota (note: Proteobacteria were added to an asgardian Eukaryote to form mitochondria)

Amorphea

Obazoa

Opisthokonts

Holozoa

Filozoa

Choanozoa

Metazoa (Animals)

ParaHoxozoa (Hox genes show up)

Planulozoa

Bilateria (all bilateran animals)

Nephrozoa

Deuterostomia (Deuterostomes)

Chordata (Chordates)

Olfactores

Vertebrata (Vertebrates)

Gnathostomata (Jawed Vertebrates)

Eugnathostomata

Osteichthyes (Bony Vertebrates)

Sarcopterygii (Lobe-Finned Fish)

Rhipidistia

Tetrapodomorpha

Eotetrapodiformes

Elpistostegalia

Stegocephalia

Tetrapoda (Tetrapods)

Reptiliomorpha

Amniota (animals that lay amniotic eggs, or evolved from ones that did)

Sauropsida/Reptilia (reptiles sensu lato)

Eureptilia

Diapsida

Neodiapsida

Sauria (reptiles sensu stricto)

Archelosauria

Archosauromorpha

Crocopoda

Archosauriformes

Eucrocopoda

Crurotarsi

Archosauria

Avemetatarsalia (Bird-line Archosaurs, birds sensu lato)

Ornithodira (Appearance of feathers, warm bloodedness)

Dinosauromorpha

Dinosauriformes

Dracohors

Dinosauria (fully upright posture; All Dinosaurs)

Saurischia (bird like bones & lungs)

Eusaurischia

Theropoda (permanently bipedal group)

Neotheropoda

Averostra

Tetanurae

Orionides

Avetheropoda

Coelurosauria

Tyrannoraptora

Maniraptoromorpha

Neocoelurosauria

Maniraptoriformes (feathered wings on arms)

Maniraptora

Pennaraptora

Paraves (fully sized winges, probable flighted ancestor)

Avialae

Avebrevicauda

Pygostylia (bird tails)

Ornithothoraces

Euornithes (wing configuration like modern birds)

Ornithuromorpha

Ornithurae

Neornithes (modern birds, with fully modern bird beaks)

idk if this was a gotcha, trying to be helpful, or genuine confusion, but here you go.

all of this, ftr, is on wikipedia, and you could have looked it up yourself.

[eddieintheocean]

How many things did linnaeus name??? Bro was so busy

[arthistoryanimalia]

For #RaccoonAppreciationDay here is a watercolor of Carl Linnaeus' pet raccoon, Sjupp, by Lars Alstring, c.1746-7. Sjupp was a gift from Crown Prince Fredrik and lived in Linnaeus' garden at Uppsala. This work hung in Linnaeus' study at Hammarby.

Read more about Sjupp here:

Here too is a short video from the Linnean Society about Sjupp:

[dduane]

Linnaeus, and a friend. (See the Errantry Concordance for details.)

[yeeshastone]

Much like Ded Linnaeus is a character from the TTRPG ive been writting but isn’t really a ‘NPC’ as there is no where in the one shot I wrote where a player would be likely to meet her. That being said I think she is still a really fun character and worth sharing.

full backstory bellow the cut

Linnaeus was born as Elsa Svalbard and she only has vague memories of her mother.  She spent most of her childhood on her own as a transient. She traveled from town to town asking for handouts and nicking things from those who turned their nose up at her. She didn't ever feel bad about stealing as it was always from those she felt slighted her. She would never stay in one town for too long and when things got tense she would pack up and move on, never to return. Always getting out before things got hot she would never actually see any repercussions of her actions.

One day as she was wandering far south a harsh winter storm picked up forcing her to find cover. She managed to hide under a stack of thick branches till the storm passed, and after digging herself out of the snow she looked around at the blanketed white world. Spotting a small dash of color a ways off her curiosity got the best of her and wandered over to it to find a limp, cold Vulpes body.

Making the most of this situation she decided to search the body for anything that she might need in the coming days. As are searched the pockets she found a wealth of goods. Not only had this Vulpes been loaded but their clothes were also extremely nice and expensive. After maybe thinking about it for a single fleeting moment she decided that this poor chap didn't need any of this anymore, so why shouldn't she take it? She quickly stripped the dead Vulpes naked and put on all his belongings. She smiled as she took a moment to appreciate the gift that had been handed to her, this clothing was the nicest she had ever worn in her life. So smooth, so silky.

Not wanting to get in trouble or be blamed for the Vulpes's demise she quickly tossed the body into the fridged sea where it slowly drifted off into the horizon. With any luck, it would never be found.

Thinking that would be the end of that she wandered into the closest city, Windwall, to buy herself a nice meal from the Vulpes's generous donation. However, as soon as she stepped into the city a Foristeri flagged her down and taking her by the arm started to lead her through the city and talking as if they knew each other. Unsure of what to do she kept quiet and went along with the Aves trying to put pieces together by listening to what they had to say.

She quickly realized that the clothes she had taken were a unique set and this Aves had mistaken her for the dead Vulpes she had taken them off of. The Vulpes had been some sort of history teacher, or maybe student, and he had come here to work for the Historians. From what she could tell, it seemed that no one here had actually seen the Vulpes before as they had only talked via letter. As she was trying to figure a way out of the situation, the Foristeri that had been guiding her around suddenly brought up the subject of how much they would pay for her to be a historian and her jaw dropped. It was a ridiculous amount...almost too good to pass up. 

After following around the Aves for a bit longer she made up her mind, she was going to try to replace the Vulpes, this ' Linnaeus Quinzee', and see how far her skills in deception could get her.

 (on a side note, Linnaeus is generally a male name, so she often has to tell people its pronounced in a more feminine way. 'the U says A')

She has now worked as a Historian for a number of years and to her knowledge, no one is the wiser. She has kept her head down, listened carefully to what others talk about, and studied quite a bit of the Windwall legend. If asked for her thoughts she will always agree with whatever her superiors says even if it makes no sense. She keeps quiet and has no real friends, her job also pays extremely well and since taking it she has never really wanted much for money. 

She has a nice house and all the food she could ask for causing her to be quite content. From time to time she gets lonely, but she will quickly shake off the feeling as if she were ever to get close to anyone they would find out her secret for sure.

[twafordizzy]

Koolmees vertoeft bij de mensen

bron beeld: Nederlandse vogelen, wikimedia commens Mijn vroege jeugd bracht ik door op de vierde en hoogste verdieping van een flat in Groningen. Mijn vader had van een bouwtekening een nestkast gemaakt op het balkon. Meteen de eerste voorjaarsochtend bracht een Koolmees nestmateriaal aan: stukjes mos, spinsel, droge graspluimen. Mezen vormen de familie Paridae. De Koolmees is de grotere Parus,…

[rausule]

Hoe Suid-Afrikaanse Hugenote kennis en kultuur gedeel.

Selfs gewoontes kan ontwikkel in toegewy aan wetenskap en humanistiese kultuur van 'n Afrika Hugenote-kultuur gebaseer op die korrespondensie en ontwikkeling van wetenskap tussen Suider-Afrika en die Indiese maatskappy in Holland. Die sewentiende en agtiende eeue is onderskei deur die feit dat hulle baie wit rokke gehad het. Wit, soos ons weet, is 'n delikate kleur, maklik om vuil te word, ongeskik vir diegene wat werk. En selfs deur die rok wou hulle hul afstand van die behoefte om te werk onderstreep. Vroue was mal daaroor om lywige en komplekse klere en skoene te dra, wat beweging baie moeilik gemaak het: drie of vier onderrokke wat deur 'n kussing aan die voorkant ondersteun is en verskeie hout- of ysterhoepels en skoene met hakke en sole tot 60 sentimeter hoog het dit nodig gemaak om die hulp van die bediendes om selfs net 'n paar treë te beweeg. Sulke nie-funksionele klere is natuurlik nie in alle opsigte deur die bourgeois nageboots nie, maar is meer prakties gemaak en

beton.

Die bourgeois, 'n opgevoede man

Alle uitgawes was egter nie op materiële goedere gekonsentreer nie: die bourgeoisie het begin waarde gee aan kultuur en verfyning. Trouens, die bourgeois was dikwels 'n outentieke verbruiker van kultuur: hy het nie net kuns bewonder nie, maar dit bevorder, met die wens om deur die bekendste kunstenaars van die tyd verewig te word; hy het ook boeke gekoop en hom verheug in teater, musiek en dansopvoerings. Kultuur was immers nog altyd 'n luukse wat bekostig kon word deur diegene wat hulle nie aan daaglikse swoeg en werk hoef te wy nie, hoe waardig en winsgewend ook al. Vir die bourgeois was dit moeilik om kulturele behoeftes met dié van die besigheid te versoen en die gevalle van bourgeois wat kla dat hulle hul studies te vroeg moes onderbreek, was nie skaars nie.

om hul besigheidsaktiwiteite te bedryf.

Burgerstories en getuienisse

Een manier om ekonomiese sukses in sosiale aansien te vertaal, was om aan stadsregering deel te neem. In die meeste gevalle was toegang tot groot administratiewe poste slegs gereserveer vir die grootste handelaars en bankiers van belangrike sentrums soos Genève,

Londen, Marseille, Rouen, Genua en Neurenberg. Die middelklasse kon egter na geringe posisies streef en in sommige stede van die ryk, Nederland en Switserland, het meestervakmanne daarin geslaag om baie belangrike rolle in munisipale regering te vervul. Om te bewys dat hulle kon bydra tot die behoorlike funksionering van administrasies en kollektiewe besluite en om hul lewendige burgerlike sin, hul diepgaande kennis van die werklikheid wat hulle omring het en van die selfs meer geheime meganismes wat dit beheer het, te demonstreer, het die bourgeois dikwels die skrywers van die kronieke dorpe. In Londen, Barcelona, ​​​​Lille, het die Hugenote-verteenwoordigers van die middelklas hul direkte getuienis van die geskiedenis van hul stede gelaat, en die mees opvallende politieke gebeure, sosiale botsings en beskrywings van die daaglikse lewe gedokumenteer.

Hugenote Hulle het baie geskryf en daar is baie dokumente.

Ons het ook baie private dagboeke van die Hugenote van die sewentiende eeu: prokureurs, groot handelaars, klein winkeliers het hul memoires geskryf, wat vir ons kosbare bewyse van huishoudelike lewe nagelaat het, met betrekking tot hul aankope, uitgawes vir bediendes of kos, reis, daaglikse sorg en vreugdes. . beveel deur

Die groot plantkundige wat sy naam en van aan plante gegee het

Linnaeus, 'n geneesheer en plantkundige, het van kleins af met plante gehandel op soek na nuwe kriteria vir die benoeming en klassifikasie van bekende en onbekende plante wat van die nuut ontdekte kontinente gekom het. Hy het dit gedoen deur die binomiale nomenklatuur in te voer, dit wil sê deur plante (en dan diere) twee name toe te ken: een vir die genus en een vir die spesie.

DIE LEWE

Die naam Linnaeus is afgelei van Linnaeus, 'n Latynse vorm van Carl von Linné. Linnaeus, wat in 1707 in die deur Indiese maatskappye werknemer, en provinsie Småland gebore is, is deur sy vader geïnisieer in die studie van plantkunde en natuurgeskiedenis. Terwyl hy medies studeer het, het hy sy hervorming van die botaniese nomenklatuur (die kriteria vir die benaming van plante) uiteengesit wat hy oor die volgende jare voltooi het en wat hy uiteengesit het in sy werke Systema naturae ("Die stelsel van die natuur") en Genera plantarum ("The genera some plante"). In 1738, 'n dokter in Stockholm, was hy een van die promotors van die Sweedse Akademie van Wetenskappe (wat vandag die Nobelpryse vir Fisika en Chemie toeken). Hy word toe professor in plantkunde, dieetkunde en materia medica aan die Universiteit van Uppsala, waar hy gewoon het van 1741 tot sy dood in 1778. Hy het die universiteit se botaniese tuin opgeknap en was in kontak met die hele Europa en die res van die wêreld van waar baie ryk was. botaniese versamelings aangekom. Sy lesse was baie gewild, soos die naturalistiese uitstappies met die studente, genaamd herbationes ("kruiesoektogte"), wat op feestelike optogte na musiek uitgeloop het.

HOE OM GROENTE TE KLASSIFISEER

In die middel van die 18de eeu het die flora en fauna van die nuut ontdekte kontinente die klassifikasies van plante en diere wat sedert die oudheid in Europa bekend was, onprakties gemaak. Om chaos te vermy, het plantkundiges die dringendheid gevoel om die dikwels subjektiewe taksonomiese kriteria (d.w.s. klassifikasie), wat hulle tot dan toe gebruik het, te hernu. Die Italianer Andrea Cesalpino, die Engelse John Ray en die Frans Joseph Tournefort het voorgestel om plante volgens die vorm van die blare en kroonblare te klassifiseer. In plaas daarvan het Linnaeus daaraan gedink om die voortplantingsorgane wat in blomme vervat is, dit wil sê die aantal en volgorde van die meeldrade (die filamente met stuifmeel), te bestudeer op grond waarvan hy dan die plante in 24 klasse verdeel het (die klas plante met monoandry, d.w.s. met slegs een meeldraad, met diadria met twee meeldrade, ensovoorts). Toe hy die stampers (die klein buisies wat na die eierstok lei) in elke klas getel het, het hy gesien dat dit steeds moontlik was om hulle in subklasse of ordes te verdeel (plante met monogynie, d.w.s. met net een stamper, dié met digynia met twee stampers, ens). Dit was 'n praktiese stelsel, waardeur plantkunde 'n ratse en aangename wetenskap geword het, terwyl die logiese strengheid van vorige klassifikasies behou is. Linnaeus se ingebore behoefte aan orde en duidelikheid en die noukeurige sorg in die katalogisering en onderverdeling van al die plante wat hy geken het in groepe en subgroepe het gereageer op 'n visie van die Heelal as 'n ontsaglike naturalistiese versameling wat deur God aan hom toevertrou is met die taak om dit in te hou. goeie orde'.

DIE EKONOMIE VAN DIE NATUUR

Linnaeus was oortuig daarvan dat die natuur die bestaan ​​van goddelike voorsienigheid demonstreer. Hy het oral 'n wyse balans tussen lewende en lewelose wesens gesien, 'n hiërargie van intermediêre doeleindes wat konvergeer na 'n uiteindelike doelwit van toenemende volmaaktheid.

In lewende wesens sal daar vier hoofneigings wees – voortplanting, geografiese verspreiding, vernietiging, bewaring – onderhewig aan 'n vyfde hoogste wet, wederkerige verhouding. Hulle reguleer lewe, dood, instinkte, soos gesien kan word in die voedselketting wat die oorlewing van ander waarborg, selfs ten koste van die vernietiging van sommige.

Wanneer Darwin die stryd om lewe en die oorlewing van die sterkstes as die grondslag van biologiese evolusie plaas, sal hy slegs enige voorsienigheidsdoel van Linnaeus se konsepsie uitsluit, wat eerder getrou gebly het aan die idee, van Bybelse en Platoniese oorsprong, van die scala. naturae ("leer van die natuur") as 'n groot hiërargie van die lewendes.

In die werk Species plantarum («Die spesie van plante») het hy die gebruik van binomiale nomenklatuur bekendgestel, en twee Latynse name aan elke plant toegeken: die eerste verwys na die genus en die tweede na die spesie. Oor die jare het Linnaeus erken dat, vanaf die oorspronklik geskepte spesie, die gewone "murg" wat deur die moeder geërf is, homself bedek het met verskeie "korteks" wat deur die vaderlike manier geërf is, wat ander verskillende spesies genereer deur kruisteling en verbastering, en dus begin om te stel die hipotese, wat hy self gekweek het, van die fiksheid van spesies is in 'n krisis

Dr DeBeer

[tibbivearomatikbitkiler]

<b>Carl Linnaeus</b> - Modern Taksonominin Öncüsü

Carl Linnaeus - Modern Taksonominin Öncüsü

#CarlLinnaeus, #CarlLinnaeusÇalışmaları, #CarlLinnaeusEserleri, #CarlLinnaeusHayatı, #CarlLinnaeusKimdir, #CarlLinnaeusKitapları, #LinnaeanSistem, #LinnaeanSınıflandırma, #LinnaeanTaksonomi, #Linnaeus, #LinnaeusUnMirası https://is.gd/U6ki2Y https://www.tibbivearomatikbitkiler.com/blog/carl-linnaeus-modern-taksonominin-oncusu/

Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778), İsveçli bir bilim insanı ve doğa tarihçisidir. Linnaeus, 23 Mayıs 1707 tarihinde İsveç’in Råshult köyünde doğmuştur. Babası bir papazdır ve Linnaeus, erken yaşlardan itibaren doğaya ve bitkilere olan ilgisiyle dikkat çekmiştir.

1730 yılında Lund Üniversitesi’nde tıp eğitimine başlayan Linnaeus, bitki bilimine olan ilgisiyle ön plana çıkmıştır. Botanik alanında öğrenim görmüş ve bitkilerin sınıflandırılması konusunda çalışmalar yapmıştır. Linnaeus, bitkilerin benzerliklerine ve farklılıklarına dayalı bir sınıflandırma sistemini geliştirmiştir. Bu sistemde, bitkileri cins, tür ve alt tür gibi kategorilere ayırmış ve her bir tür için bir bilimsel ad oluşturmuştur.

Linnaeus’un en önemli eseri olan “Systema Naturae“, 1735 yılında yayımlanmıştır. Bu eserde, bitkilerin ve hayvanların sınıflandırılması için bir sistem sunulmuş ve binomial nomenklatur adı verilen iki isimli bir sistem kullanılmıştır. Linnaeus, eserini sürekli güncelleyerek birçok baskı yapmış ve sistematik yaklaşımının benimsenmesini sağlamıştır.

Carl Linnaeus, aynı zamanda botanik ve zooloji alanında yaptığı araştırmalarla da tanınır hale gelmiştir. Bitki ve hayvanların özelliklerini, dağılımlarını ve çeşitliliklerini inceleyerek doğal dünyanın anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunmuştur. Linnaeus’un çalışmaları, biyoloji biliminde bir dönüm noktası olarak kabul edilir ve bugün hala kullanılan bir sınıflandırma sisteminin temelini oluşturur.

Carl Linnaeus, 10 Ocak 1778 tarihinde İsveç’in Uppsala şehrinde hayatını kaybetmiştir. Ancak bilimsel mirası günümüzde hala canlılığını korumakta ve onun adı, biyoloji dünyasında büyük bir saygınlığa sahip olmaktadır. Linnaeus’un sınıflandırma sistemi, doğa tarihi çalışmaları ve botanik araştırmaları, onu modern biyolojinin temel taşlarından biri yapmıştır.

Carl Linnaeus’un keşfettiği ve sınıflandırdığı birçok bitki bulunmaktadır. İşte Linnaeus tarafından sınıflandırılan bazı ünl�� bitki örnekleri:

Rosa canina – Yaban gülü: Gül familyasından, çalı şeklinde büyüyen bir bitkidir.

Quercus robur – Meşe ağacı: Meşe familyasından, geniş yapraklı bir ağaçtır.

Taraxacum officinale – Karahindiba: Papatyagiller familyasından, sarı çiçekleri ve uçan tohumlarıyla bilinen bir bitkidir.

Tilia europaea – Ihlamur ağacı: Ihlamurgiller familyasından, güzel kokulu çiçekleri olan bir ağaçtır.

Papaver rhoeas – Gelincik: Gelincikgiller familyasından, parlak kırmızı çiçekleri olan bir bitkidir.

Lavandula angustifolia – Lavanta: Ballıbabagiller familyasından, hoş kokulu mor çiçekleri olan bir bitkidir.

Tulipa gesneriana – Lale: Lalegiller familyasından, çeşitli renklerde ve şekillerde çiçekleri olan bir bitkidir.

Bu sadece birkaç örnektir ve Linnaeus’un sınıflandırdığı bitkilerin listesi oldukça uzundur. Linnaeus’un sistemi, bitkilerin ve diğer organizmaların sınıflandırılması ve adlandırılması için hala temel bir referans olarak kullanılmaktadır.

Carl Linnaeus’un önemli kitapları şunlardır:

“Systema Naturae” (Doğa Sistemi): Linnaean taksonominin temellerini oluşturan ve bitkileri, hayvanları ve mineralleri sınıflandırdığı eserdir. İlk kez 1735 yılında yayımlanmıştır.

“Genera Plantarum” (Bitki Cinsleri): Bitkileri cinslerine göre sınıflandırdığı ve tanımladığı kitaptır. İlk kez 1737 yılında yayımlanmıştır.

“Species Plantarum” (Bitki Türleri): Bitkileri tür düzeyinde sınıflandırdığı ve tanımladığı kitaptır. İlk kez 1753 yılında yayımlanmıştır ve günümüzde botanikteki standart referans olarak kabul edilmektedir.

“Systema Vegetabilium” (Bitki Sistemi): Bitkileri taksonomik olarak sınıflandıran ve tanımlayan bir diğer eseridir. İlk kez 1774 yılında yayımlanmıştır.

“Fauna Suecica” (İsveç Faunası): İsveç’teki hayvan türlerini tanımladığı eseridir. İlk kez 1746 yılında yayımlanmıştır.

“Materia Medica” (Tıbbi Malzeme): Tıbbi bitkiler ve bunların kullanımı hakkında bilgi veren bir eserdir. İlk kez 1749 yılında yayımlanmıştır.

[inventingtime]

(via Circadian Bloom - EPFL Pavilions)

[cgclarkphoto]

Tulsa Linnaeus Teaching Garden Center -  cg photography

[a-dinosaur-a-day]

The more i learn about Linnaeus the more i want to find out where he's buried so i can piss on it. Need to honor his legacy in classification by making a gender neutral bathroom there

I mean, mood

[deborell]

Current situation: watching artists work 📺 "...to become again, this species of bird, of which only one individual exists in the world, and which when decrepit arises from its pyre made of aromatic plants is said fabulously to become again young, to undergo happy former periods of life. In reality it is the date palm [see P. dactylifera], undergoing happy former periods of life to become again until it finishes..." 🦚♾️🌴 Carl Linnaeus, "Paradoxa," Systema Naturae #linnaeus #museumnerd #arthistorybuff (at Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland moCa) https://www.instagram.com/p/ClG-MDuuIvBKLCuDbK496qcadHsugbSSpYUq4o0/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[wally-b-feed]

Anthony Fineran (B 1981), Linnaeus Comp Serv'd, 2022

[stickalithus]

Human

Homo sapiens

Linnaeus, 1758

[antiqueanimals]

Two-Toed Sloths by Louis A. Sargent. From Wild Beasts of the World, Vol. Two. Written by Frank Finn, published in 1909.

Internet Archive

[fuckyeahchinesefashion]

collecting seashells