#maximum dinosaur cc

[maximumdino]

Coletta ~ Eyes 01

My first piece of CC! Not much to say, just enjoy!

~  95 swatches

~ Contact Eyes

~ Unisex Infant - Elder

~ Contacts - Face paint Category

~ Slider Compatible

~ Download Under Cut

I hope you like them <3

Do not reupload my cc to any other games or sell it :)

Take a look at my Instagram @maximum.sims and my YouTube @maximumdinosaur for cc content, gameplay and more ~

I would love to see your creations, tag me on Instagram and tumblr!

Download

| Google Drive | SFS | Patreon |

[encyclopika]

Animal Crossing Fish - Explained #135

Brought to you by a marine biologist with yet another crab... CLICK HERE FOR THE AC FISH EXPLAINED MASTERPOST!

It’s too bad this guy wasn’t available when I covered all of the other crabs in the game some months ago, because it’s so fascinating! We have also covered many large animals before, such as the Whale Shark, the Giant Isopod, and Ocean Sunfish. The ocean harbors a lot of really big animals, and in fact, has always been home to some of the largest animals on Earth. I can think of only a few examples where land-dwelling animals rivaled the sizes of things seen in the ocean (obv the dinosaurs, but some land mammals have also gotten insanely huge, too), and there’s a really great reason for that!  

The Spider Crab featured in ACNH is most definitely the Japanese Spider Crab (Macrocheira kaempferi). Now, if you remember from crab week, not all things that are called crabs or look like crabs are actually true crabs. The horseshoe crab, hermit crab, and red king crab in the game are not crabs at all. Fortunately, the spider crab is not an imposter. It is part of the true crabs in InfraOrder Brachyura, Within Brachyura is the Spider Crab Superfamily called Majoidea. These crabs all superficially look like spiders, with round, central bodies and really long legs. Many of these species are scavengers with weak claws, but like...they can still pinch, so still have some respect. The Japanese Spider Crab is found in Japanese and Korean waters, down to 1,970 ft (600m); so explains why it’s put in the deep sea tank in the museum. Last but not least, why the short availability? Well, it actually has to do with their availability IRL! Like most diving creatures, people eat this thing, so of course it’s overfished, and of course that means it needs to be protected. Besides the use of aquaculture to boost their numbers artificially, the Japanese government has also made it illegal to fish for them during their mating season, from January-April. This is when they are closest to shore and are really vulnerable to fishing pressure. So, yeah, the JSC has come close to your island during this time!

By Lycaon (Hans Hillewaert) - Image:Riesenkrabbe.jpg by Michael Wolf, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1487646

Of course, the JSC isn’t just in the game because the Japanese eat it. Nope. It’s claim to fame is being huge, the largest Arthropod alive today in terms of leg span (there are lots of ways to determine “largest”, with this guy getting dominated by some other crustaceans in the weight department). That leg span has gone on record to reach 12 feet (4m)! 

By Unknown author - Popular Science Magazine, jun. 1920: 

They are humongous, as are many things that live in the sea! If you think about the biggest things that ever lived or that are alive today, you will probably think of many more water-dwelling creatures, than land-dwelling. Dinosaurs and some mammals just about do it in the “big on land” department. In the ocean, you have giants like the JSC, whales (the largest animals that ever lived), sharks, a slew of prehistoric sea monsters, like Dunkleosteus, and many many more. In fact, the ocean typically has the super-sized versions of land-dwelling things, like the Giant Isopod. We talked about Deep-Sea Gigantism before (and it certainly applies here for the JSC), so I’m asking this question more generally: why are ocean-dwelling animals bigger than animals on land?

The answer is gravity, for the most part. Obviously, different lineages have had different pressures on them throughout evolutionary time, but, the trend of getting larger in the ocean is no coincidence. There are advantages to being big, if you can sustain it, like keeping warm (in the case of marine mammals), storing food and fat, traveling further, faster, and being better able to catch food or defend yourself from being food. But the catch is whether or not you can function at that size and weight. On land, animals must contend with gravity pulling them down. If you get too big and heavy, you start being unable to support yourself. Due to physics, whale-sized animals on land wouldn’t be able to breathe or circulate blood sufficiently. Bones can only become so dense; hearts can only push a maximum pressure, etc. But in the water, gravity really isn’t a factor. Buoyancy distributes weight evenly, releasing aquatic animals from the constraints of gravity, and so they can kinda get as big as they damn well please.  And there you have it. Fascinating stuff, no?

[a-dinosaur-a-day]

Liopleurodon ferox, L. pachydeirus

By Jack Wood on @thewoodparable

PLEASE SUPPORT US ON PATREON. EACH and EVERY DONATION helps to keep this blog running! Any amount, even ONE DOLLAR is APPRECIATED! IF YOU ENJOY THIS CONTENT, please CONSIDER DONATING! 

Name: Liopleurodon ferox, L. pachydeirus

Name Meaning: Smooth-sided Teeth

First Described: 1873

Described By: Sauvage

Classification: Cellular Life, Archaea, Proteoarchaeota, Eukaryota, Unikonta, Opisthokonta, Holozoa, Filozoa, Metazoa, Eumetazoa, Planulozoa, Bilatera, Nephrozoa, Deuterostomia, Chordata, Craniata, Vertebrata, Gnathostomata, Eugnathostomata, Teleostomi, Euteleostomi, Sarcopterygii, Rhipidistia, Tetrapodomorpha, Eotetrapodiformes, Elpistostegalia, Stegocephalia, Tetrapoda, Reptiliomorpha, Anthracosauria, Batrachosauria, Cotylosauria, Amniota, Sauropsida, Eureptilia, Romeriida, Diapsida, Neodiapsida, Sauria, Archosauromorpha, Pantestudines, Eosauropterygia, Pistosauroidea, Pistosauria, Plesiosauria, Pliosauroidea, Pliosauridae

Happy April Fool’s! As per tradition, I am writing an article about a non-dinosaur - specifically, the marine reptile Liopleurodon. Made famous by the landmark documentary series Walking with Dinosaurs, Liopleurodon was not really much like as shown in that series - though an important marine predator, it wasn’t... huge. In fact, it was really just around the same length, at maximum, as the modern orca, so there is that misconception shattered. 

Never forget. By Slate Weasel, in the Public Domain

The reason for this misconception is primarily because the skeleton of pliosaurs like Liopleurodon are not really well known, and in fact it was difficult to estimate the size of Liopleurodon in the first place, though of course, it was a known exaggeration to portray it so large. Since the program was made, research of another pliosaur, Kronosaurus, has shown that the heads of these animals made up about one fifth of their total body length - which shows how weird their heads were, for one, but for two it allowed for the estimation of Liopleurodon’s body size based on its skull. It’s skull was, overall, about 1.51 meters in length, making its body around 6.39 meters long. 

By Nobu Tamura, CC BY 2.5

Liopleurodon is known from near Boulogne-sur-Mer and Caen in France, but other fossils are known from England, Russia, and Germany. It lived about 166 to 160 ish million years ago, in the Callovian to Oxfordian ages of the Middle to Late Jurassic, though of course it may have lived longer than that. A large predatory reptile of the Jurassic seas of Europe, it would have been a powerful swimmer, using its four flippers to accelerate rapidly, ambushing prey in the seas. It may have even been a good smeller, able to locate prey easily, and then rush after it to attack it. 

By Dmitry Bogdanov, CC BY 2.5 - note that the fish in the background is inaccurate 

Liopleurodon was a pliosaur, a group of marine reptiles a part of the bigger group of Plesiosaurs. Though Liopleurodon had a short neck, it’s a common misconception that the difference between Pliosaurs and other Plesiosaurs is that Pliosaurs had short necks - plenty of Pliosaurs didn’t have short necks (though most did, and long heads to boot), and there are Plesiosaurs to the exclusion of Pliosaurs with short necks and long heads same as Pliosaurs. Sill, Liopleurodon was fairly typical for its group, and a common figure in its environment. 

Sources:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liopleurodon 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plesiosauroidea 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plesiosauria 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pliosauroidea

[livingcorner]

Best Types of Pond Fish for Outdoor Ponds (Big & Small Fish)

There are a variety of fish suitable for outdoor ponds, and they all come with different of colors, shapes, sizes, and requirements.

Depending on where you live, there’s a pretty large variety of fish that can be kept in outdoor ponds. You’ll have to be aware, of course, of their hardiness and whether or not they will be able to overwinter based on the climate that you live in. This is one reason of many why it’s critical that you research fish species to ensure the health of both your fish and your pond. In addition, some fish may get along well with others, and other species may be confrontational or simply enjoy eating fish that are smaller than them.

Another thing to keep in mind is that all fish have different requirements, so you’ll need to be sure that first, the fish you want can actually survive in an outdoor pond, and second, will be able to handle whatever conditions you have (water temperature, pH levels, ambient air temperature, nutrient levels, etc.). Below you’ll find a broad list of fish for just about any outdoor pond.

You're reading: Best Types of Pond Fish for Outdoor Ponds (Big & Small Fish)

Bestseller No. 1

Hikari Usa Inc 02370 Gold 4.4 Lb, Medium

Hikari Gold 4.4 Lb Medium

Hikari Gold is a daily diet, developed through years of koi breeding and showing, to meet the nutritional needs of koi

Provides excellent color enhancement.

List of the Best Pond Fish You Can Keep In Garden Ponds (Big & Small)

1) Common Goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Read more: What Kind of Paint Stands Up to Furniture Left Outdoors?

Originally domesticated from the Asian carp in China over 1,000 years ago, goldfish vary somewhat in coloration and a fair amount in size depending on the species – some may only grow to a couple inches long by adulthood, while other species can grow up to a foot. This means you can easily choose whichever species best suits the size of your pond. They’re generally pretty amiable, getting along with just about anything in the pond, but that doesn’t mean everything will get along with them – the smaller varieties are prone to being eaten by some fish, such as golden orfes (if the goldfish are a couple inches or less in size). Goldfish do best in a temperature range of 68 to 72 degrees Fahrenheit (20 to 22° C) and a pH range of 7.2 to 7.6.

While regular “feeder” goldfish (the variety covered above) tend to be energetic, fast, and enjoy swimming about, fancy goldfish are typically slow, and can’t really compete with other fish for food. For this reason, regular goldfish and fancy goldfish should not be kept together, nor should fancy goldfish be kept with really any fish variety that’s more rambunctious and eats the same food as fancy goldfish.

Fancies come in many varieties, and are often sought out for their varied, unique appearances that can really add a distinct, exotic flair to any pond. Most fancies do well with a temperature range of 68 to 74° F (20 to 23° C), though there are many different types that have slightly different requirements. Fantails (which have a forked caudal fin), for example, are healthiest in temps between 70 and 80° F (21 and 26° C), while lionheads are best adapted to temperatures as low as 65° F (18° C). In addition, they each have different temperaments, so further research will be needed before you choose a variety. Most can be kept in outdoor ponds so long as their temperature and pH requirements are met, but may need to be brought indoors for winter if ambient air and water temperatures drop too low.

One of the most popular pond fish species, and understandably so, koi are typically a maximum of a foot to three feet in size depending on the exact variety and have a stunning amount diversity in their coloration and patterning. There are over 100 different recognized koi subspecies within 13 official classes, meaning there’s a koi out there for just about anyone. They’re fairly tolerant of temperature shifts so long as they don’t happen too quickly, as with any fish this can cause stress, shock, or even death. A water temperature between 59-77° F (15 to 25° C) – which makes them pretty well suited to life in outdoor ponds – and a pH range of 7.5 to 8 works best to keep them strong and healthy. You’ll need to have a larger pond, at least a meter deep, if you plan on having any of these fish in your pond.

Orfes, also known as ides or golden orfes, typically grow around a foot to a foot and a half in length in ponds (they need to be at least 1,000 gallons and a meter or more in depth), though in larger ponds and lakes with plenty of food availability they can grow close to three feet. Golden orfes are extremely sensitive to water quality issues; in fact, many areas use the “golden orfe toxicity test” to determine water quality. If it’s not good enough for an orfe, the water is deemed unhealthy and in need of treatment. In terms of temperature, orfes are extremely hardy, making them ideal for outdoor ponds – they can tolerate water temperatures as low as freezing or as high as 90° F (32° C), but do best between 50 and 77° F (10 to 25° C), with a pH on the more alkaline side, between 7 and 8.

One of the most important things to keep in mind with orfes is that they’re exceptionally active. This makes them prone to oxygen deprivation, so you’ll need to make sure oxygen levels are high in your pond (a minimum of 7-8 ppm). It also means that they’re prone to jumping out of ponds, so having boundaries in place to prevent this is important – particularly since in many areas they’re considered an invasive species and should never be let out of captivity.

To being, pond sturgeons are large – even the smallest variety, the sterlet sturgeon, grows to a meter, while the largest, the beluga sturgeon, can grow up to 10 meters in length and several thousand pounds in weight. Do not keep a sturgeon if you don’t a have a large pond or a lake. Sturgeons began to evolve about 250 million years ago, and as such are incredibly resilient (after all, they’re living dinosaurs!). While their temperature range depends on the exact species, generally so long as you keep the temperature above freezing and below 70° F (22° C), they should do fine (but of course do further research on the requirements of the particular sturgeon species you’d like!). They prefer darkness, as in the wild they tend to stay toward the bottom of water bodies, and as such they’ll need plenty of hiding places to protect themselves from the brightness and excess warmth of the sun. They also require a high quality sturgeon feed with upwards of 40% crude protein by weight for the best possible growth and health.

Plecos, which are exceptional algae-eaters that are easygoing and peaceful fish, getting along well with other fish species, are warm-water fish. As such, they need water temperatures that range from 72 to 86° F (22 to 30° C). Common plecos can be 1 to 2 feet long, while bristlenose plecos are only about 4 inches, so pond size requirements depends on the species that you choose. They do well in outdoor ponds, with one exception – they’re originally from South America, so if your water temperature drops below 50° F for more than a day or two, they’ll need to be brought indoors or they will likely die.

Siamese algae eaters are, as their name implies, excellent at consuming algae (which makes them particularly desirable to many pond hobbyists). They’re also pretty lively, and as such shouldn’t be placed with more docile fish species (such as fancy goldfish), as they may stress them out with their spirited nature. They typically grow up to 6 inches in length, and do best in waters that are 70 to 79° F (21 to 26° C), needing to be brought indoors if temperatures drop much below this for extended periods of time, such as during winter.

Read more: Hey, Messy People: Use Indoor-Outdoor Rugs Inside!

8) Weather Loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)

Photo by OpenCage available under a Creative Commons’s Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 license.

Weather loaches, also known as pond loaches, are quite tolerant of temperature shifts, able to withstand water temperatures anywhere from 40 to 77° F (4.5-25° C), meaning that they can generally stay in outdoor ponds even during the winter without any issues. You’ll want to get more than one of them, as they’re fairly social and enjoy staying in small groups with their own kind. In addition, they grow up to a foot and aren’t picky eaters, consuming algae, insects, vegetables, and food pellets without complaint.

Though often kept in aquariums, mollies and guppies can both do well in outdoor ponds. Both species will likely need to be brought indoors for winter, as mollies need waters above 75°F and guppies need waters above 50° F. They’re both easy and straightforward to take care of, though they breed quickly – you’ll likely need to catch some of them every so often and sell them to a local pet store (never release them into the wild!). They could also be used as a food source if you have a separate pond for turtles and frogs and the like.

10) Red Shiners (Cyprinella lutrensis)

Photo by Zach Alley available under a Creative Commons’s Attribution 2.0 Generic (CC BY 2.0) license.

Red shiners are a North American small freshwater fish with silver bodies (sometimes vibrant blue) and red-orange fins. They’re pretty small (about 3 inches in length), and are a cold water fish, preferring temperatures between 59 and 77° F (15-25° C). However, since they are often found in mountainous regions, they are able to withstand extreme temperatures (as low as -21° C), though this is of course not at all advised and they will need to be brought indoors for the winter if waters drop below their approximate healthy minimum of 59° F.

They’re a generalist species, well-suited to living just about anywhere, from cold mountain rivers to southern hot springs. In addition, in many areas they are considered invasive, both in portions of the U.S. and the U.K., so never release them into the wild or use them as bait for fishing in natural areas. Because of their rapid reproduction, they quickly become a problem species in the wild and cause all sorts of ecological damage.

11)  High-Fin Banded Shark (Myxocyprinus asiaticus)

Photo by OpenCage available under a Creative Commons’s Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 license.

Also known as the batfish due to its dark, almost bat-like appearance, the Chinese high fin banded shark is a suckering algae eater. They’re very peaceful and easygoing, compatible with just about any other fish, including koi, goldfish, guppies, and plecos. They are happiest when living in small schools of 3 or more of their own, but will do alright on their own as well, and need cool waters (with plenty of hiding places) between 55-75° F (13-24° C). This means that they can stay in outdoor ponds even during the winter, so long as you keep your water heated above this minimum range. Their patterning is quite striking, and though they can grow up to 4 feet in length, it takes them quite a few years to reach this point since they primarily feed on algae.

12) Pumpkinseed Fish (Lepomis gibbosus)

Photo by Cephas available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.

Pumpkinseed fish, a type of sunfish, are remarkable looking fish with bright coloration and patterning that are native to portions of North America. It’s an invasive species throughout the majority of Europe, so never release it into the wild if you live there. Their size varies from 3 to 8 inches in length, and are very active, preferring to live in small schools so if you want one, you’ll need to get a few to ensure their happiness. They’re tolerant of a range of conditions (with the exception of overall water quality, as is the case with most pond fish), but ideal water temperature for them is between 69 and 75° F (21 to 24° C), with an alkaline pH between 7 and 7.5. They work well in both large and small ponds, and are capable of overwinter so long as you keep your pond heated.

Source: https://livingcorner.com.au Category: Outdoor

source https://livingcorner.com.au/best-types-of-pond-fish-for-outdoor-ponds-big-small-fish/

[collectorscorner]

CC Blogger - New Arrivals @ Collectors Corner : Wednesday - 08/09/17 Complete list of items shipping to the stores, some items may be limited in availability. If you see anything you want to purchase on the list and are not a subscription member at Collectors Corner, just contact us and let us know if you want an item held at the stores. email - collectorscornermd@comcast.net Subscription Membership & Free Membership Card : Collectors Corner's No Obligation (FREE) Membership Card or FREE (In Store) & ONLINE Subscription Membership saves you 10% off ALL Comics purchased + 10% off many other items, games, toys, collectibles & special orders. Never miss a comic again! Computerized and organized + you can add and cancel titles on your subscription list from home on your own time, or in the store when you pick up your comics at : Maryland's Coolest Stores! Since 2001. 3 Convenient Locations - CC PARKVILLE HQ 7911 Harford Rd Parkville, MD 21234 CC BALTIMORE - OUTPOST 403 North Charles St. Baltimore, MD 21201 CC BEL AIR - OUTPOST 17 N. Main St. Bel Air, MD 21014 www.collectorscornermd.com NEW ARRIVALS : WEDNESDAY - 08/09/17 PUBLISHER/PRICE ACTION LAB ENTERTAINMENT Peter David's Artful Volume 1 TP, $14.99 Toyetica #1, $3.99 AFTERSHOCK COMICS Babyteeth #3, $3.99 Unholy Grail #2 (Cover A Mirko Colak), $3.99 Unholy Grail #2 (Cover B Francesco Francavilla), $3.99 AH COMICS Moonshot The Indigenous Comics Collection Volume 2 TP, $19.99 ALTERNA COMICS Unit 44 GN, $11.95 AMERICAN MYTHOLOGY PRODUCTIONS Equilibrium Deconstruction #1 (Cover A Gene Magora), $3.99 Equilibrium Deconstruction #1 (Cover B Clint Hilinski Maximum Casualties Variant), $3.99 Equilibrium Deconstruction #1 (Cover C Deluxe Photo Variant), $4.99 Stargate Atlantis Hearts And Minds #2 (Cover A Greg LaRocque), $3.99 Stargate Atlantis Hearts And Minds #2 (Cover B Dan Parsons), $5.99 Stargate Atlantis Hearts And Minds #2 (Cover C Photo), $3.99 Stargate Atlantis Hearts And Minds #2 (Cover D Photo), $10.00 AMRYL ENTERTAINMENT Cavewoman Starship Blish #1 (Cover A Devon Massey), $3.99 Cavewoman Starship Blish #1 (Cover B Devon Massey), AR Cavewoman Starship Blish #1 (Cover D Budd Root), AR Cavewoman Starship Blish #1 (Cover F Kirk Lindo), AR AMULET BOOKS Earth Before Us Volume 1 Dinosaur Empire GN, $15.99 ARCHIE COMIC PUBLICATIONS Archie's Big Book Volume 1 Magic Music And Mischief TP, $19.99 Riverdale #5 (Cover A Francesco Francavilla), $3.99 Riverdale #5 (Cover B Matthew Dow Smith), $3.99 ASPEN COMICS Fathom Dawn Of War Volume 1 TP (3rd Printing), $9.99 AVATAR PRESS Neonomicon HC, $27.99 Providence #12 (Of 12)(Jacen Burrows Blood Red Leather Cover), $24.99 BANTAM/SPECTRA Mystery Knight GN, $26.00 BOOM! STUDIOS Adventure Time #67 (Cover A Shelli Paroline & Braden Lamb), $3.99 Adventure Time #67 (Cover B Sean Cheeks Galloway), $3.99 Grass Kings #6 (Cover A Tyler Jenkins), $3.99 Grass Kings #6 (Cover B Matt Kindt), $3.99 Grass Kings #6 (Cover C Ryan Kelly), $3.99 Mega Princess Volume 1 TP, $14.99 Over The Garden Wall Volume 2 TP, $14.99 Unsound #3 (Of 4)(Cover A Jack T. Cole), $3.99 WWE Summer Slam 2017 Special #1 (Cover A Rob Schamberger), $7.99 WWE Summer Slam 2017 Special #1 (Cover B Jim Rugg WWE What If Match Variant), AR WWE Summer Slam 2017 Special #1 (Cover C Robbi Rodriguez), AR COMIC SHOP NEWS Comic Shop News #1573, AR DAIKAIJU G-Fan #116, $6.95 DANGER ZONE Danger Doll Squad #0 (Cover A Celor), $4.99 MediSin Volume 1 First Do No Harm TP, $11.99 DARK HORSE COMICS Alien Vs Predator Life And Death TP, $19.99 Angel Season 11 Volume 1 Out Of The Past TP, $17.99 Drifters Volume 4 TP, $13.99 EC Archives Incredible Science Fiction HC, $49.99 Groo Play Of The Gods #2 (Of 4), $3.99 Hellboy And The B.P.R.D. 1955 Secret Nature #1 (One Shot), $3.99 Neon Genesis Evangelion The Shinji Ikari Raising Project Omnibus Volume 4 TP, $19.99 Shadows On The Grave #7 (Of 8), $3.99 DC COMICS Action Comics #985 (Cover A Guillem March), $2.99 Action Comics #985 (Cover B Neil Edwards & Jay Leisten), AR Batgirl And The Birds Of Prey #13 (Cover A Yanick Paquette), $3.99 Batgirl And The Birds Of Prey #13 (Cover B Yasmine Putri), AR Batman Arkham Clayface TP, $19.99 Batman By Scott Snyder and Greg Capullo Box Set #2, $49.99 Cyborg Volume 2 Danger In Detroit TP, $19.99 Detective Comics #962 (Cover A Alvaro Martinez & Raul Fernandez), $2.99 Detective Comics #962 (Cover B Rafael Albuquerque), AR Earth 2 Society Volume 4 Life After Death TP, $14.99 Flash #28 (Cover A Carmine Di Giandomenico), $2.99 Flash #28 (Cover B Howard Porter), AR Gotham Academy Second Semester #12, $2.99 Hal Jordan And The Green Lantern Corps #26 (Cover A Rafael Sandoval & Jordi Tarragona), $2.99 Hal Jordan And The Green Lantern Corps #26 (Cover B Cully Hamner), AR Harley Quinn #1 (Guilliem March Comicxposure Variant Cover)(Dynamic Forces), AR Harley Quinn #25 (Cover A Amanda Conner), $3.99 Harley Quinn #25 (Cover B Frank Cho), AR Justice League Of America #12 (Cover A Ivan Reis, $2.99 Justice League Of America #12 (Cover B Doug Mahnke), AR Justice League Of America Volume 1 The Extremists TP, $16.99 Justice League Power Rangers #5 (Of 6), $3.99 Lost Boys TP, $16.99 Mister Miracle #1 (Of 12) (Cover A Nick Derington), $3.99 Mister Miracle #1 (Of 12) (Cover B Mitch Gerads), AR New Super-Man #14 (Cover A Philip Tan), $3.99 New Super-Man #14 (Cover B Bernard Chang), AR Newsboy Legion And The Boy Commandos Special #1, $4.99 Red Hood And The Outlaws #13 (Cover A Mike McKone), $3.99 Red Hood And The Outlaws #13 (Cover B Guillem March), AR Scooby Apocalypse #16 (Cover A Carlos D'Anda), $3.99 Scooby Apocalypse #16 (Cover B Emanuela Lupacchino), AR Scooby-Doo Where Are You #84, $2.99 Suicide Squad #23 (Cover A Eddy Barrows & Eber Ferreira), $2.99 Suicide Squad #23 (Cover B Whilce Portacio), AR Super Powers Volume 1 TP, $12.99 Supergirl #12 (Cover A Robson Rocha & Daniel Henriques), $3.99 Supergirl #12 (Cover B Stanley Artgerm Lau), AR Superwoman #13 (Cover A Ken Lashley), $3.99 Superwoman #13 (Cover B Renato Guedes), AR Titans #14 (Cover A Brett Booth & Norm Rapmund), $3.99 Titans #14 (Cover B Dan Mora), AR DRAWN AND QUARTERLY Customer Is Always Wrong HC, $29.95 Palookaville Volume 23 HC, $22.95 DYNAMITE ENTERTAINMENT Centipede #2 (Cover A Francesco Francavilla), $3.99 Centipede #2 (Cover B Eoin Marron), $3.99 Centipede #2 (Cover C Francesco Francavilla Virgin Variant), AR Centipede #2 (Cover D Eoin Marron Black & White Variant), AR Intertwined TP, $19.99 Jim Butcher's The Dresden Files Dog Men #3 (Cover A Diego Galindo), $3.99 KISS Vampirella #3 (Of 5)(Cover A Juan Doe), $3.99 KISS Vampirella #3 (Of 5)(Cover B Carli Ihde), $3.99 KISS Vampirella #3 (Of 5)(Cover C Roberto Castro), $3.99 KISS Vampirella #3 (Of 5)(Cover D Cosplay), $3.99 KISS Vampirella #3 (Of 5)(Cover E Carli Ihde Black & White Variant), AR KISS Vampirella #3 (Of 5)(Cover F Juan Doe Virgin Variant), AR KISS Vampirella #3 (Of 5)(Cover G Roberto Castro Black & White Variant), AR Mighty Mouse #3 (Cover A Igor Lima), $3.99 Mighty Mouse #3 (Cover B J. Bone), $3.99 Mighty Mouse #3 (Cover C Igor Lima Black & White Variant), AR Mighty Mouse #3 (Cover D J. Bone Black & White Variant), AR Red Sonja #7 (Cover A Mike McKone), $3.99 Red Sonja #7 (Cover B Ben Caldwell), $3.99 Red Sonja #7 (Cover C Tyler Kirkham), $3.99 Red Sonja #7 (Cover D Cosplay), $3.99 Red Sonja #7 (Cover E Mel Rubi), $3.99 Red Sonja #7 (Cover F Cosplay Virgin Variant), AR Red Sonja #7 (Cover G Mike McKone Black & White Variant), AR Red Sonja #7 (Cover H Mel Rubi Black & White Variant), AR Red Sonja Worlds Away Volume 1 TP, $19.99 Shadow #1 (Cover A Kenneth Rocafort), $3.99 Shadow #1 (Cover B Michael William Kaluta), $3.99 Shadow #1 (Cover C Brandon Peterson), $3.99 Shadow #1 (Cover D Neal Adams), $3.99 Shadow #1 (Cover E Tyler Kirkham), $3.99 Shadow #1 (Cover F Michael William Kaluta Black & White Variant), AR Shadow #1 (Cover G Brandon Peterson Black & White Variant), AR Shadow #1 (Cover H Neal Adams Black & White Variant), AR Shadow #1 (Cover I Tyler Kirkham Black & White Variant), AR Shadow #1 (Cover J Michael William Kaluta Virgin Variant), AR Sheena #0 (Cover A Emanuela Lupacchino), $0.25 Sheena #0 (Cover B Moritat Sneak Peek Variant), AR Skin And Earth #2 (Of 6)(Cover A Lights Mask), $3.99 Skin And Earth #2 (Of 6)(Cover B Lights Vertigo), $3.99 Sovereigns #4 (Cover A Stephen Segovia), $3.99 Sovereigns #4 (Cover B Johnny Desjardins), $3.99 Sovereigns #4 (Cover C Denis Medri), $3.99 Sovereigns #4 (Cover D Raul Trevino), $3.99 Sovereigns #4 (Cover E Johnny Desjardins Black & White Variant), AR Sovereigns #4 (Cover F Stephen Segovia Black & White Variant), AR FANTAGRAPHICS BOOKS My Pretty Vampire HC, $19.99 FIRST SECOND Crafty Cat And The Crafty Camp Crisis GN, $13.99 GRAPHIC INDIA Grant Morrison's 18 Days #25 (Cover A Francesco Biagini), $2.99 Grant Morrison's 18 Days #25 (Cover B Mukesh Singh), $2.99 HEAVY METAL MAGAZINE Heavy Metal #287 (Cover A Kilian Eng), $8.95 Heavy Metal #287 (Cover B Rob Jones), $8.95 Heavy Metal #287 (Cover C Derek Riggs), $8.95 HIGH SPEED PRODUCTIONS Juxtapoz #200 (September 2017), $6.99 HORRORHOUND HorrorHound #66, $6.99 IDW PUBLISHING Back To The Future #22 (Cover A Marcelo Ferreira), $3.99 Back To The Future #22 (Cover B Tom Whalen), $3.99 Behaving MADLY Zany Loco Cockeyed Rip-Off Satire Magazines HC, $34.99 Clue #3 (Of 6)(Cover A Brent Schoonover), $3.99 Clue #3 (Of 6)(Cover B Nelson Daniel), $3.99 Clue #3 (Of 6)(Cover C Agnes Garbowska), $3.99 Cosmic Scoundrels #5 (Of 5)(Cover A Andy Suriano), $3.99 Cosmic Scoundrels #5 (Of 5)(Cover B Veronica Fish), $3.99 Donald Quest Hammer Of Magic TP, $14.99 First Strike #1 (Cover A Freddie E. Williams II), $3.99 First Strike #1 (Cover B Max Dunbar), $3.99 First Strike #1 (Cover C Alex Ronald), $3.99 First Strike #1 (Cover D Rob Duenas), $3.99 First Strike #1 (Cover E Jay P. Fosgitt), AR First Strike #1 (Cover F Davide Fabbri), AR First Strike #1 (Cover G Leonardo Manco), AR First Strike #1 (Cover H Whilce Portacio), AR Jem And The Holograms The Misfits TP, $19.99 Judge Dredd The Blessed Earth #4 (Cover A Ulises Farinas), $3.99 Judge Dredd The Blessed Earth #4 (Cover B Tom Whalen), $3.99 Judge Dredd The Blessed Earth #4 (Cover C Valentin Ramon), AR My Little Pony Friendship Is Magic #57 (Cover A Tony Fleecs), $3.99 My Little Pony Friendship Is Magic #57 (Cover B Sara Richard), $3.99 My Little Pony Friendship Is Magic #57 (Cover C Thom Zahler), AR Popeye Classics #61 (Cover A Bud Sagendorf), $4.99 Popeye Classics #61 (Cover B Sander Ettema), AR Popeye Classics Volume 10 Moon Rocket And More HC, $29.99 Powerpuff Girls The Time Tie #3 (Of 3)(Cover A Philip Murphy), $3.99 Powerpuff Girls The Time Tie #3 (Of 3)(Cover B Andy Cung), $3.99 Powerpuff Girls The Time Tie #3 (Of 3)(Cover C Jarrett Williams), AR Real Science Adventures #5 (Of 6)(Cover A Scott Wegener), $3.99 Real Science Adventures #5 (Of 6)(Cover B Niki Foley), $3.99 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Artisan Edition HC, $39.99 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Dimension X #2 (Cover A Nick Pitarra), $3.99 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Dimension X #2 (Cover B Michael Dialynas), $3.99 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Dimension X #2 (Cover C Kevin Eastman), AR Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Universe #13 (Cover A Freddie E. Williams II), $4.99 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Universe #13 (Cover B Sophie Campbell), $4.99 Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Universe #13 (Cover C Becky Cloonan), AR Transformers Till All Are One #12 (Cover A Sara Pitre-Durocher), $3.99 Transformers Till All Are One #12 (Cover B Priscilla Tramontano), $3.99 Transformers Till All Are One #12 (Cover C ZEROB), AR Wynonna Earp Season Zero #2 (Of 5)(Cover A Chris Evenhuis), $3.99 Wynonna Earp Season Zero #2 (Of 5)(Cover B Photo), $3.99 IMAGE COMICS Divided States Of Hysteria #3, $3.99 Eclipse Volume 2 TP, $16.99 Kill Or Be Killed #11, $3.99 Kill Or Be Killed Volume 2 TP, $16.99 Low #19 (Cover A Greg Tocchini & Dave McCaig), $3.99 Low #19 (Cover B Ryan Stegman), $3.99 Manifest Destiny #30, $2.99 Redlands #1, $3.99 Rose #5 (Cover A Ig Guara), $3.99 Rose #5 (Cover B George Perez), $3.99 Sacred Creatures #2 (Cover A Pablo Raimondi), $3.99 Sacred Creatures #2 (Cover B Klaus Janson), $3.99 Sacred Creatures #2 (Cover C Sean Murphy), AR Spawn Vault Edition HC, $175.00 Think Tank Volume 5 #4, $3.99 Violent Love #7, $3.99 Walking Dead #163 (Ken Haeser Michonne Variant Cover)(Dynamic Forces), AR Walking Dead #163 (Ken Haeser Negan Variant Cover)(Dynamic Forces), AR Wicked + The Divine #30 (Cover A Jamie McKelvie & Matt Wilson), $3.99 Wicked + The Divine #30 (Cover B Meredith McClaren), $3.99 Wicked + The Divine #30 (Cover C Jonathan Hickman Designed Variant), $3.99 Youngblood #4 (Cover A Jim Towe), $3.99 Youngblood #4 (Cover B Rob Liefeld), $3.99 Youngblood #4 (Cover C Brian Level), $3.99 Youngblood #4 (Cover D Jonathan Hickman Designed Variant), $3.99 INSIGHT EDITIONS DC Comics Super-Villains The Complete Visual History SC, $24.99 JOE BOOKS Disney Gravity Falls Shorts Cinestory #3, $3.99 LION FORGE Castoffs Volume 2 #9 (Cover A Wyeth Yates), $3.99 Castoffs Volume 2 #9 (Cover B Jade F. Lee), AR Catalyst Prime Accell #3, $3.99 Ghost Money #1, $3.99 MARVEL COMICS All-New Wolverine #23, $3.99 Amazing Spider-Man #31 (Cover A Alex Ross), $3.99 Amazing Spider-Man #31 (Cover B Will Sliney Marvel Vs Capcom Variant), AR Captain America #25 (Cover A Jesus Saiz), $4.99 Captain America #25 (Cover B Jack Kirby 100th Birthday Variant), AR Captain America #25 (Cover C Jim Steranko), AR Captain America Sam Wilson Volume 5 End Of The Line TP, $15.99 Captain Marvel Volume 4 Earth's Mightiest Hero TP, $19.99 Deadpool Kills The Marvel Universe Again #3 (Of 5)(Cover A Dave Johnson), $3.99 Deadpool Kills The Marvel Universe Again #3 (Of 5)(Cover B Giuseppe Camuncoli), AR Defenders #4 (Cover A David Marquez), $3.99 Defenders #4 (Cover B Jean Baptiste Marvel Vs Capcom Variant), $3.99 Edge Of Venomverse #4 (Of 5)(Cover A Francesco Mattina), $3.99 Edge Of Venomverse #4 (Of 5)(Cover B Ron Lim), AR Generations Phoenix And Jean Grey #1 (Cover A Stephanie Hans), $4.99 Generations Phoenix And Jean Grey #1 (Cover B Terry Dodson), AR Generations Phoenix And Jean Grey #1 (Cover C Alex Ross Connecting Variant A), AR Generations Phoenix And Jean Grey #1 (Cover D Stephane Roux), AR Hulk #9, $3.99 Inhumans Once And Future Kings #1 (Of 5)(Cover A Nick Bradshaw), $3.99 Inhumans Once And Future Kings #1 (Of 5)(Cover B Gustavo Duarte Lockjaw Variant), $3.99 Inhumans Once And Future Kings #1 (Of 5)(Cover C Phil Noto Character Variant), $3.99 Inhumans Once And Future Kings #1 (Of 5)(Cover D Phil Noto), $3.99 Inhumans Once And Future Kings #1 (Of 5)(Cover E Television Variant), $3.99 International Iron Man TP, $24.99 Jean Grey #5, $3.99 Marvel Masterworks The Avengers Volume 17 HC, $75.00 Marvel Masterworks The Avengers Volume 17 HC (Direct Market Variant Edition Volume 247), $75.00 Marvel Universe Guardians Of The Galaxy #21, $2.99 Ms. Marvel #21, $3.99 Old Man Logan #27, $3.99 Punisher MAX The Complete Collection Volume 6 TP, $39.99 Rocket #4 (Cover A Mike Mayhew), $3.99 Rocket #4 (Cover B Todd Nauck Marvel Vs Capcom Variant), $3.99 Rocket Raccoon Grounded TP, $15.99 S.H.I.E.L.D. Hydra Reborn TP, $34.99 Secret Empire #8 (Of 10)(Cover A Mark Brooks), $4.99 Secret Empire #8 (Of 10)(Cover B J. Scott Campbell), AR Secret Empire #8 (Of 10)(Cover C Dan Mora Villain Variant), AR Secret Empire #8 (Of 10)(Cover D Andrea Sorrentino Hydra Heroes Variant), AR Secret Empire #8 (Of 10)(Cover E John Tyler Christopher Action Figure Variant), AR Secret Empire #8 (Of 10)(Cover F Keisuke Mizuno Marvel Vs Capcom Variant), AR Secret Warriors #5, $3.99 Silk Volume 3 The Clone Conspiracy TP, $17.99 Spider-Gwen #9 (J. Scott Campbell ComicXposure Black & White Variant Cover)(Dynamic Forces), AR Spider-Gwen #9 (J. Scott Campbell Comicxposure Variant Cover)(Dynamic Forces), AR Star Wars Doctor Aphra #11 (Cover A Karmome Shirahama), $3.99 Star Wars Doctor Aphra #11 (Cover B Paolo Rivera Star Wars 40th Anniversary Variant), AR Star Wars Rogue One Cassian And K2SO Special #1 (Cover A Julian Totino Tedesco), $4.99 Star Wars Rogue One Cassian And K2SO Special #1 (Cover B Pepe Larraz), AR True Believers Kirby 100th Groot #1, $1.00 True Believers Kirby 100th Introducing The Mighty Thor #1, $1.00 True Believers Kirby 100th Thor Vs Hulk #1, $1.00 Unbeatable Squirrel Girl #23, $3.99 Venom #153 (Cover A Francisco Herrera), $3.99 Venom #153 (Cover B Tom Raney Marvel Vs Capcom Variant), AR Zombies Assemble 2 #1 (Of 4)(Cover A Kiichi Mizushima), $4.99 Zombies Assemble 2 #1 (Of 4)(Cover B Chris Samnee), AR MEDIA LAB BOOKS Hail To The Chin Further Confessions Of A B-Movie Actor HC, $27.99 NOBROW PRESS Castle In England HC, $19.95 Pantheon The True Story Of The Egyptian Deities SC, $22.95 NON-SPORT UPDATE Non-Sport Update Volume 28 #4 (August/September 2017), $5.99 ONI PRESS Angel City Town Without Pity TP, $19.99 Brobots And The Mecha Malarkey Volume 2 GN, $12.99 Invader Zim #22 (Cover A Warren Wucinich), $3.99 Invader Zim #22 (Cover B Jon Vermilyea), $3.99 Night's Dominion Season 2 #1, $3.99 PANINI PUBLISHING Doctor Who Magazine #514 (June 2017)(not verified by Diamond), $11.99 PAPERCUTZ Ariol Volume 10 The Little Rats Of The Opera SC, $12.99 RED 5 COMICS After Eden #2 (Of 4), $3.95 RIZZOLI It's Alive Classic Horror And Sci-fi Movie Posters HC, $30.00 SANCTUM PRODUCTIONS Black Bat Double Novel Volume 8 SC, $14.95 Shadow Double Novel Volume 120 SC, $14.95 SCOUT COMICS Solar Flare #2 (Greg Krivac 2nd Printing Variant Cover), $3.99 Tinkers Of The Wasteland #2, $3.99 SEVEN SEAS ENTERTAINMENT Akuma No Riddle Volume 5 Riddle Story Of Devil GN, $12.99 Shomin Sample I Was Abducted By An Elite All-Girls School As A Sample Commoner Volume 6 GN, $12.99 SUBLIME Finder Deluxe Edition Volume 2 Caught In A Cage GN, $14.99 Ten Count Volume 5 GN, $12.99 TITAN PUBLISHING GROUP Anno Dracula #5 (Of 5)(Cover A Paul McCaffrey), $3.99 Anno Dracula #5 (Of 5)(Cover B Jeff Zornow), $3.99 Anno Dracula #5 (Of 5)(Cover C Tom Mandrake), $3.99 Doctor Who Supremacy Of The Cybermen TP, $16.99 Doctor Who The Eleventh Doctor Volume 6 The Malignant Truth TP, $16.99 Doctor Who The Ninth Doctor #15 (Cover A Iolanda Zanfardino), $3.99 Doctor Who The Ninth Doctor #15 (Cover B Will Brooks), $3.99 Doctor Who The Ninth Doctor #15 (Cover C Simon Myers), $3.99 Doctor Who The Ninth Doctor #15 (Cover D Simon Myers), $3.99 Ian Livingstone's Freeway Fighter #4 (Of 4)(Cover A Ben Oliver), $3.99 Ian Livingstone's Freeway Fighter #4 (Of 4)(Cover B Simon Coleby), $3.99 Ian Livingstone's Freeway Fighter #4 (Of 4)(Cover C Tazio Bettin), $3.99 Lost Fleet Corsair #3 (Of 4)(Cover A Alex Ronald), $3.99 Lost Fleet Corsair #3 (Of 4)(Cover B French Wraparound Variant), $3.99 Lost Fleet Corsair #3 (Of 4)(Cover C Gary Erskine), $3.99 Mycroft Holmes And The Apocalypse Handbook Volume 1 TP, $16.99 Quake Champions #1 (Of 4)(Cover A Alan Quah), $3.99 Quake Champions #1 (Of 4)(Cover B Fabio Listrani), $3.99 Quake Champions #1 (Of 4)(Cover C Videogame Variant), $3.99 Quake Champions #1 (Of 4)(Cover D Tazio Bettin), $3.99 Rivers Of London Detective Stories #3 (Of 4)(Cover A Lee Sullivan), $3.99 Rivers Of London Detective Stories #3 (Of 4)(Cover B Rachael Stott), $3.99 Sherlock The Great Game #1 (Of 6)(Cover A Sana Takeda), $4.99 Sherlock The Great Game #1 (Of 6)(Cover B Photo), $4.99 Sherlock The Great Game #1 (Of 6)(Cover C Piotr Kowalski), $4.99 Sherlock The Great Game #1 (Of 6)(Cover D Simon Myers), $4.99 Sherlock The Great Game #1 (Of 6)(Cover E Verity Glass), $4.99 Tank Girl World War Tank Girl #4 (Of 4)(Cover A Brett Parson), $3.99 Tank Girl World War Tank Girl #4 (Of 4)(Cover B Chris Wahl), $3.99 Tank Girl World War Tank Girl #4 (Of 4)(Cover C Brett Parson), $3.99 World War X TP, $19.99 TOHAN CORPORATION Hobby Japan #163 (July 2017), $20.00 UNCIVILIZED BOOKS Story Of Jezebel GN, $19.95 UNITED PLANKTON PICTURES SpongeBob Comics #71, $3.99 SpongeBob Comics Volume 3 Tales From The Haunted Pineapple TP, $10.99 VALIANT ENTERTAINMENT Faith Volume 4 The Faithless TP, $14.99 Harbinger Renegade #6 (Cover A Lewis LaRosa), $3.99 Harbinger Renegade #6 (Cover B Darick Robertson), $3.99 Harbinger Renegade #6 (Cover C Giuseppe Camuncoli), $3.99 Harbinger Renegade #6 (Cover D Lewis LaRosa), AR Harbinger Renegade #6 (Cover E Jeffrey Veregge), AR Harbinger Renegade #6 (Cover E Lewis LaRosa Black & White Sketch Variant), AR VIZ MEDIA Art Of Pokemon Adventures SC (20th Anniversary Edition), $24.99 Itsuwaribito Volume 21 GN, $9.99 Legend Of Zelda Twilight Princess Volume 2 GN, $9.99 Magi Volume 25 GN, $9.99 Monster Hunter Flash Hunter Volume 9 GN, $10.99 ZENESCOPE ENTERTAINMENT Spirit Hunters #9 (Of 12)(Cover A Jose Luis), $3.99 Spirit Hunters #9 (Of 12)(Cover B Harvey Tolibao), $3.99 Spirit Hunters #9 (Of 12)(Cover C Noah Salonga), $3.99 Spirit Hunters #9 (Of 12)(Cover D Sheldon Goh), $3.99 GAMES CRYPTOZOIC ENTERTAINMENT Attack On Titan Tactical Board Game , AR HASBRO Star Wars 40th Anniversary Edition Monopoly Game, AR KONAMI DIGITAL ENTERTAINMENT Yu Gi Oh TCG Battles Of Legend Lights Revenge, AR NECA/WIZKIDS Fantasy Realms Card Game, AR TOYS - T-SHIRTS & COLLECTIBLES Adventure Time Metal Fantasy Black T-Shirt LG, AR Adventure Time Metal Fantasy Black T-Shirt MED, AR Adventure Time Metal Fantasy Black T-Shirt SM, AR Adventure Time Metal Fantasy Black T-Shirt XL, AR Adventure Time Metal Fantasy Black T-Shirt XXL, AR Alien Covenant Creature Accessory Pack, AR Alien Covenant Minimates Assortment, AR Alien Covenant Minimates Custom Assortment, AR Alien Covenant Neomorph 7 Inch Action Figure, AR Alien Covenant Series 1 Minimates Assortment, AR Alien Covenant Xenomorph 7 Inch Action Figure, AR Alien Evolution Black T-Shirt LG, AR Alien Evolution Black T-Shirt MED, AR Alien Evolution Black T-Shirt XL, AR Alien Evolution Black T-Shirt XXL, AR Asterisk War Kirin Toudou 1/8 Scale PVC Figure, AR Attack On Titan Eren Medium Plush 12 Inch Plush, AR Attack On Titan Eren Sitting Pose Plush 8 Inch Plush, AR Attack On Titan Eren Titan Style Plush 8 Inch Plush, AR Batman Classic Joker Maquette, AR Boruto Movie Boruto 8 Inch Plush, AR Boruto Movie Naruto 8 Inch Plush, AR Boruto Movie Sarada 8 Inch Plush, AR Boruto Movie Sasuke 8 Inch Plush, AR Care Bears Keychain 24 Piece Blind Mystery Box, AR Comic Book Trivia 2018 Boxed Calendar, AR Creepshow Father's Day Nate Mask, AR Creepshow The Crate Beast Fluffy Mask, AR Dark Tower Gunslinger Vinimate, AR Dark Tower Man In Black Vinimate, AR Darth Vader And Son 2018 Wall Calendar, AR DC Comics Joker And Harley Quinn 5 Pack Short Comic Storage Box, AR DC Comics Killing Joke White And Black Raglan T-Shirt LG, AR DC Comics Killing Joke White And Black Raglan T-Shirt MED, AR DC Comics Killing Joke White And Black Raglan T-Shirt SM, AR DC Comics Killing Joke White And Black Raglan T-Shirt XL, AR DC Comics Wonder Woman Denim Backpack With Patches, AR DC Comics Wonder Woman Panel Umbrella, AR DC Heroes Batman Stress Doll, AR DC Heroes Flash Stress Doll, AR DC Heroes Harley Quinn Symbol Temporary Tattoo, AR DC Heroes Joker Stress Doll, AR DC Heroes Stress Doll, AR DC Heroes Superman Stress Doll, AR DC Lil Bombshells Mini Vinyl Figure Series 2 Blind Mystery Box, AR DC Multiverse Wonder Woman Movie 12 Inch Action Figure, AR DC Super Hero Girls Core Doll Refreshed Assortment, AR DC Super Hero Girls Non-Core Doll Refreshed Assortment, AR DC Super Hero Girls Wonder Woman And Invisible Jet, AR DC Superhero Girls Batgirl 10 Inch Plush, AR DC Superhero Girls Harley Quinn 10 Inch Plush, AR DC Superhero Girls Wonder Woman 10 Inch Plush, AR Disney Kingdom Hearts Logo Necklace, AR Disney Princess Classic Fashion Doll Assortment 201701, AR Disney Traditions Pooh Bee Costume Halloween Figure, AR Dorbz Despicable Me 3 Agnes Vinyl Figure, AR Dorbz Despicable Me 3 Gru Vinyl Figure, AR Dragon Witches Art Of Nene Thomas 2018 Wall Calendar, AR Dragons By Ciruelo 2018 16 Month Wall Calendar, AR Fallout 4 T-60 Power Armor 1/6 Scale Figure, AR Fallout Emoji Repeater Lanyard, AR Fallout Nuka Cola All Over Infinity Scarf, AR Fallout Vault Boy Crew Socks, AR Fallout Vault Boy Zip Around Wallet, AR Fantasy Art Of Frazetta 2018 Wall Calendar, AR Fantasy Art Of Luis Royo 2018 Wall Calendar, AR Food Wars Shokugeki No Soma Mito Ikumi PVC Statue, AR Game Of Thrones Hand Of The King Bottle Opener, AR Generations Captain Marvel And Captain Mar-Vell Poster, AR Generations Captain Marvel And Ms. Marvel Poster, AR Generations Iron Man And Ironheart Poster, AR Generations Miles Morales And Peter Parker Spider Man Poster, AR Generations Sam Wilson And Steve Rogers Captain America Poster By John Cassaday, AR Giant Generator All-Star Poster, AR Gothic Art Of Victoria Frances 2018 Wall Calendar, AR Guardians Of The Galaxy Baby Groot Soft Touch PVC Keyring 6 Piece Bag, AR Guardians Of The Galaxy Vol. 2 Finders Keypers, AR Guardians Of The Galaxy Vol. 2 Mini MP3 Boombox, AR Guardians Of The Galaxy Vol. 2 Over The Ear Headphones, AR Guardians Of The Galaxy Vol. 2 Short Range Walkie Talkies, AR Haikyuu Kotaro Bokuto Nendoroid, AR Haikyuu Kotaro Bokuto Nendoroid, AR Halo Wars 2 Spartan Helmet Keychain, AR Izetta Last Witch Izetta Nendoroid, AR Justice League Selfie Black T-Shirt LG, AR Justice League Selfie Black T-Shirt MED, AR Justice League Selfie Black T-Shirt SM, AR Justice League Selfie Black T-Shirt XL, AR Kingdom Hearts Heartless Pewter Lapel Pin, AR Kingdom Hearts Sword Pewter Lapel Pin, AR Krampus Movie Dark Elf Gluggagaegir Window Peeper Clod Mask, AR Labyrinth 2018 Wall Calendar, AR Legend Of Sword And Fairy Zhao Linger 1/7 Scale PVC Figure, AR Legend Of Zelda Arm Party, AR Legend Of Zelda Breath Of The Wild Link Turquoise T-Shirt Dress XL, AR Love Live Chika Takami Figma, AR Lumberjanes Badge If You Got It Haunt It, AR Lumberjanes Badge Jail Break, AR Marvel Black Panther Soft Touch PVC Keyring 6 Piece Bag, AR Marvel Captain America All Over Print Crew Socks, AR Marvel Captain America Battle 5 Pack Short Comic Storage Box, AR Marvel Captain America Suit-Up Backpack, AR Marvel Deadpool All Over Print Crew Socks, AR Marvel Deadpool Bi-Fold Boxed Wallet, AR Marvel Deadpool Logo Print Boxer-Brief 8 Piece Pre-Pack, AR Marvel Deadpool Soft Touch PVC Keyring 6 Piece Bag, AR Marvel Gallery Ironheart PVC Figure, AR Marvel Gallery Miles Morales Spider-Man PVC Figure, AR Marvel Gallery Netflix Luke Cage PVC Figure, AR Marvel Gotg I Am Baby Groot Necklace, AR Marvel Guardians Of The Galaxy Vol. 2 Groot And Rocket Knapsack Backpack, AR Marvel Knights 6 Inch Legends Action Figure Assortment 201701, AR Marvel Premier Collection Thanos Statue, AR Marvel Punisher All Over Print Crew Socks, AR Marvel Punisher Logo Print Boxer-Brief 8 Piece Pre-Pack, AR Marvel Series 6 Laser Cut Figure Keyring 24 Piece Blind Mystery Box, AR Marvel Spider-Man All Over Print Crew Socks, AR Merc Storia Franchir 1/8 Scale PVC Figure, AR Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Pink Ranger Zip Around Wallet, AR Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Vitruvian Green White Ranger Black T-Shirt LG, AR Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Vitruvian Green White Ranger Black T-Shirt MED, AR Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Vitruvian Green White Ranger Black T-Shirt SM, AR Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Vitruvian Green White Ranger Black T-Shirt XL, AR Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Vitruvian Green White Ranger Black T-Shirt XXL, AR Miss Mindy Belle Diorama Figure, AR Miss Mindy Cogsworth Figure, AR Miss Mindy Lumiere Figure, AR Miss Mindy Mickey And Minnie Figure, AR Monsters Dracula Geeki Tiki Glass, AR Monsters Frankenstein Geeki Tiki Glass, AR Monsters Frankensteins Bride Geeki Tiki Glass, AR Monsters Tiki Tut Geeki Tiki Glass, AR Monsters Wolfie Geeki Tiki Glass, AR Mr Potato Head Alien Xenomorph, AR Mr Potato Head Predator, AR Mystery Science Theater 3000 Abstract Ship Black T-Shirt LG, AR Mystery Science Theater 3000 Abstract Ship Black T-Shirt MED, AR Mystery Science Theater 3000 Abstract Ship Black T-Shirt SM, AR Mystery Science Theater 3000 Abstract Ship Black T-Shirt XXL, AR Naruto Omni Backpack, AR Naruto Shippuden Sasuke 8 Inch Plush, AR Nintendo Controller Throw Blanket, AR Nintendo Legend Of Zelda Earrings 3 Pack Set, AR Nintendo Legend Of Zelda Sword And Shield Earring Set, AR Nintendo Legend Of Zelda Zelda Shield Throw Blanket, AR Nintendo Mario 8-Bit All Over Infinity Scarf, AR Nintendo NES Controller Zip Around Wallet, AR Nintendo Super Mario Bros Throw Blanket, AR Nintendo Super Mario Charm Necklace, AR Nintendo Zelda Link Medieval Backpack, AR Once Upon A Time Emma Swan Previews Exclusive Action Figure, AR Once Upon A Time Hook Previews Exclusive Action Figure, AR Once Upon A Time Regina Previews Exclusive Action Figure, AR Once Upon A Time Robin Hood Previews Exclusive Action Figure, AR Once Upon A Time Series 1 Previews Exclusive Action Figure Assortment, AR Play-Doh Halloween Bag Assortment, AR Pokemon Pokeball With Trainer Charm Backpack, AR POP Overwatch 6 Inch Meka With D Va Vinyl Figure 2 Pack, AR POP Overwatch Mccree Vinyl Figure, AR Predator 30th Anniversary Figure 7 Inch Scale Action Figure Assortment, AR Rory's Story Cubes DC Comics Batman Dice Set, AR Rory's Story Cubes Dr Who Dice Set, AR Rory's Story Cubes Looney Tunes Dice Set, AR Rory's Story Cubes Moomin Dice Set, AR Rory's Story Cubes Scooby Doo Dice Set, AR Spider-Man Homecoming Tech Suit Spidey Action Figure, AR Star Wars Boba Fett Lanyard, AR Star Wars Forces Of Destiny Rey Adventure Figure, AR Star Wars Forces Of Destiny Sabine Adventure Figure, AR Star Wars Galactic Heroes First Order Special Forces Forces Tie Fighter, AR Star Wars Galactic Heroes Poe Dameron X-Wing, AR Star Wars Imperial Darth Vader Lanyard, AR Star Wars Imperial Sandtrooper Backpack, AR Star Wars Liquid Reactive Color Changing Umbrella, AR Star Wars Millennium Falcon Necklace, AR Star Wars Multi Character Lanyard, AR Star Wars Rebel Pilot Lanyard, AR Star Wars Rebel Pilot Roll Top Backpack, AR Star Wars Rogue One Blue Squad Lanyard, AR Star Wars The Force Awakens BB-8 Lanyard, AR Street Fighter Lil Knockouts Mini Vinyl Figure Series 1 Blind Mystery Box, AR Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 3D Molded Half-Shell Backpack, AR Time Lordin Underground T-Shirt MED, AR Time Lordin Underground T-Shirt SM, AR Time Lordin Underground T-Shirt XXXL, AR Transformers 5 Legion Action Figure Assortment 201701, AR Transformers Alt-Modes Mini Figure Blind Mystery Box 201701, AR Transformers Generations Trypticon Action Figure, AR Transformers Titans Return Leader Action Figure Assortment 201702, AR Transformers Titans Return Titan Masters Action Figure Assortment 201702, AR Transformers Titans Return Titan Masters Action Figure Assortment 201703, AR Transformers Titans Return Titan Masters Action Figure Assortment 201704, AR Twilight Zone Mystic Seeker Black And White Mask, AR Vampirella Fine Art Lithograph By Philip Tan (Signed & Remarked Edition), AR Venomverse #1 Poster By Nick Bradshaw , AR Voltron Legendary Defender Die-Cast Action Figure Assortment, AR Walking Dead 2018 Calendar, AR Walking Dead AMC 2018 16 Month Wall Calendar, AR Walking Dead Lucille Ballpoint Pen, AR Walking Dead Negan Wrakk Splaugg Pin, AR Walking Dead Skull Montage Black T-Shirt LG, AR Walking Dead Skull Montage Black T-Shirt MED, AR Walking Dead Skull Montage Black T-Shirt SM, AR Walking Dead Skull Montage Black T-Shirt XL, AR Walking Dead Skull Montage Black T-Shirt XXL, AR Walking Dead TV Lucille 36-Inch Foam Replica Bat, AR Walking Dead Walkers Eaters Biters AMC 2018 Wall Calendar, AR Wonder Woman Movie Battle Action Sword, AR Wonder Woman Movie Headdress And Arm Band, AR Yukky World Small Plush 12 Piece Assortment, AR Zelda Breath Of The Wild Tunic Pu Leather Snapback, AR

[a-dinosaur-a-day]

Sapeornis chaoyangensis

By Jack Wood on @thewoodparable

PLEASE SUPPORT US ON PATREON. EACH and EVERY DONATION helps to keep this blog running! Any amount, even ONE DOLLAR is APPRECIATED! IF YOU ENJOY THIS CONTENT, please CONSIDER DONATING!

Name: Sapeornis chaoyangensis

Name Meaning: SAPE Bird

First Described: 2002

Described By: Zhou & Zhang

Classification: Dinosauria, Theropoda, Neotheropoda, Averostra, Tetanurae, Orionides, Avetheropoda, Coelurosauria, Tyrannoraptora, Maniraptoriformes, Maniraptora, Pennaraptora, Paraves, Eumaniraptora, Averaptora, Avialae, Euavialae, Avebrevicauda

Sapeornis is a fascinating early genus of bird that shows specialization not typically seen in early-derived Avialans, showcasing that this group evolved for niches not previously imagined and that birds diversified extensively prior to the evolution of strong flapping flight in Ornithothoraces (the group containing most Mesozoic birds & Modern Birds). It lived about 124.5 to 120 million years ago, in the Aptian to Albian ages of the Early Cretaceous, and is known from the Jiufotang Formation in Liaoning, China. They were very large birds, about 30 to 33 centimeters long, with a wingspan of 1.4 meters. They had very large eyes and a high and round head, with a narrow snout, and very reduced teeth in the lower jaw, so reduced that for a long time they were thought to not exist. They had short tails, and short and stout legs covered in feathers, as well as large feet with noticeable claws. 

By Matt Martyniuk, CC BY-SA 3.0

Sapeornis didn’t appear to have a sternum, which is a condition shared by Anchiornis and Archaeopteryx, indicating that the sternum being absent is at least a common feature of early Avialans, though it is known from Enantiornithes (the sister group to the ancestors of modern birds that includes most Mesozoic birds, aka the “opposite” birds), indicating that it evolved not long after Sapeornis. The sternum was absent in both juvenile and adult Sapeornis, so it wasn’t due to a growth difference - though interestingly enough, Jeholornis had a sternum, indicating that perhaps this trait is easily variable in the family group, as it is in earlier derived Maniraptorans such as Caudipteryx and Microraptor. It’s absence, however, in both Sapeornis and Archaeopteryx does indicate very weak flight abilities, given the importance of the sternum in flight in modern birds. It is possible that Sapeornis had a cartilaginous sternum, however, this would not have made its flapping abilities as strong as a bony sternum. Sapeornis had long forelimbs and reduced digits, indicating that it had a primitive form of flight, despite its very large wings. 

By Matt Martyniuk, on http://mpm.panaves.com/ (page here: http://mpm.panaves.com/nh/sapeornis.htm) 

However, those wings do lend Sapeornis the ability to soar, indicating a very interesting combination of traits in this early bird species. Looking at the well-developed upper arm and elongated wings, as well as the large surface area of the wings, indicates that it would have generated high amounts of lift, perpetuated by columns of rising hot air, or thermals, on the continent. As such it would have soared similar to modern vultures, screamers, and ravens, the latter of which it was the size of. This indicates that it would have used weak flapping ability to get into warm pockets of air and then ride that air to soar above its environment. The maximum determined gliding speed for a specimen of Sapeornis is up to 10.5 meters per second, similar to (but slightly less than) that of corvids. Its plumage is well known thanks to a sub-adult specimen, preserving between 11 and 13 primary feathers on each wing, at least 11 secondary feathers, and coverts that vary in size - and barbs of these feathers are visible in the specimen. However, no color is visible in this specimen. It also had feathery feet and complex feathers on the tail.

From Gao et al. 

This fossil of Sapeornis is also taxonomically interesting, as it synonymized all the “Sapeornithids” - the early birds thought to be distinct from, but closely related to, Sapeornis - with Sapeornis itself, indicating that Sapeornis varied in size and morphology during its growth sequences (as is so often the reason for the sinking of species into one another). A juvenile specimen is also known, which has an intermediate body size, a shortened snout and large eyes, typical of young animals. It shows that the number of vertebrae in the tail of Sapeornis seemed to vary as it grew up, whereas the neck and body vertebrae were constant - which further lent evidence for the synonymy of various Sapeornithids with Sapeornis itself, as the number of tail vertebrae weren’t actually significant for different genera. This also could point to how bird tails became shorter, as it indicates developmental plasticity in tail size in this early short-tailed bird, which could have been easily acted upon by natural selection for dinosaurs to evolve short tails in the lineage towards modern birds. 

By Ashley Patch, on @palaeoshley

Sapeornis had reduced teeth in the lower jaw that were essentially nonfunctional, and small teeth in the upper jaw, though those teeth were fairly robust and grooved. This reduction in teeth indicates that teeth went through a variety of changes before being lost in the lineage of modern birds, and that lower teeth lost function and then were no longer grown during development due to that loss of function. It did rely on its upper jaw teeth, which shows an intermediate step before complete toothlessness. Sapeornis also preserves evidence of a crop, and it is the most early derived bird known with this structure; this structure in modern birds allows for the storing of food prior to digestion, and it would have served a similar function in Sapeornis. This plus its dentition indicates that Sapeornis was a seed eater, if not exclusively then at least extensively, and used its unique dentition to collect seeds, and its crop to store them and soften them prior to passing into the main digestive tract. So, one of the largest early birds ate some of the smallest organic matter - and shows an important step in the evolution from non-avian dinosaurs to modern birds. 

Sources:

Gao, C., L. M. Chiappe, F. Zhang, D. L. Pomeroy, C. Shen, Z. Chinsamy, M. O. Walsh. 2012. A Subadult Specimen of the Early Cretaceous Bird Sapeornis chaoyangensis and a Taxonomic Reassessment of Sapeornithids. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32 (5): 1103 - 1112. 

Hanyong, P., H. Chang, J. Lü, Y. Wu, L. Xu, J. Zhang, S. Jia. 2013. A new juvenile specimen of Sapeornis (Pygostylia: Aves) from the Lower Cretaceous of Northeast China and allometric scaling of this basal bird. Paleontological Research 17 (1): 27 - 38. 

Martyniuk, M. P. 2012. A Field Guide to Mesozoic Birds and other Winged Dinosaurs. Pan Aves; Vernon, New Jersey: 114. 

Serrano, F. J., L. M. Chiappe. 2017. Aerodynamic modelling of a Cretaceous bird reveals thermal soaring capabilities during early avian evolution. Journal of the Royal Society Interface 14: 20170182. 

Wang, Y., H. Hu, J. K. O’Connor, M. Wang, X. Xu, Z. Zhou, X. Wang, X. Zheng. 2017. A previously undescribed specimen reveals new information on the dentition of Sapeornis chaoyangensis. Cretaceous Research 74: 1 - 10. 

Zheng, X., L. D. Martin, Z. Zhou, D. A. Burnham, F. Zhang, D. Miao. 2011. Fossil evidence of avian crops from the Early Cretaceous of China. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108 (38): 15904 - 15907. 

Zheng, X., J. O’Connor, X. Wang, M. Wang, X. Zhang, Z. Zhou. 2014. On the absence of sternal elements in Anchiornis (Paraves) and Sapeornis (Aves) and the complex early evolution of the avian sternum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111 (38): 13900 - 13905. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapeornis

Shout out goes to @strangerthanficti0nn!