#mhra referencing generator

[qqueenofhades]

Reblogging this to add, since I cannot believe I forgot the first time:

CITATIONS. Please, for the love of Jesus/Allah/Buddha/Beyonce, manage your citation system, reference information, and note-taking like a sensible person, or you will weep, rend your garments, and gnash your teeth Exceedingly, and the whole point is to avoid that. Take note of what standardized reference system (APA, Chicago, Harvard, MHRA, etc) your academic field uses, google a "[x] style reference guide" and make that motherfucker your best friend. Anyone who has read my blog for a while knows that I have Strong Opinions about correct citation styles (APA is garbage, Chicago/MHRA 5ever) and referencing your academic work. But despite my fulminations, really. Do it. It's one of those things that if you don't do it at the start, it will get REALLY hard to work backwards and cause a lot of avoidable waste of effort.

When you're taking your research notes and consulting sources, AT LEAST make a note of basic reference information (author, year of publication, title, page number, etc) and write it down at the time, in some way that will be recognizable to you later on. Use a citation manager software like Zotero or similar, which will auto-generate initial citations and end-of-paper bibliography. (I used it for my PhD dissertation, so yes.) Make sure that you are citing consistently and in the same style throughout the paper, and that you don't reach the point of being almost ready to turn in a final draft, only to discover that the footnotes and bibliography are a disaster zone. Especially in the age of fake news and AI-generated nonsense and copy-and-pasting (it's plagiarism, don't do it, etc), it's very important to cite your sources clearly, consistently, and accurately, and to do so in a way that supports the external value of your research. If you write something that sounds great and important but gives your reader no way to cross-check, verify, or challenge your claims, or do further reading, it's not actually that useful as a contribution to the scholarly conversation mentioned above.

Anyway: yes. As @oldshrewsburyian and I quote at each other ad nauseam as a shorthand for Academic Nonsense: Citation Needed (TM). Do it now, make Future You happy, profit.* The end.

*Except y'know, it's academia. So probably not.

do you have any advice for those in the very early stages of thesis-writing? currently desperately clinging to the mantra of "shitty first drafts," et al

Unfortunately, there is no place where you will more whole-assedly have to embrace the "shitty first draft" mantra than in academic writing, especially in thesis writing, especially if this is your first-ish crack at an advanced and major piece of original research. I'm not sure if this is for an undergraduate senior thesis, a MA-level thesis, or (my true and heartfelt sympathies) a PhD dissertation, but the basic principles of it will remain the same. So there is that, at least. This means that yes, you will write something, you may even feel slightly proud of it, and then you will hand it into your supervisor and they will more or less kindly dismantle it. You have to train yourself to have a thick skin about this and not take it as a personal insult, and if your supervisor is remotely good at their job (not all of them are, alas) they will know how to be tactful about it and not make it feel like a direct and extensive commentary on your private worth as a person. But you will have to swallow it and do what you can, which can include -- if you're the one who has done the research and know that's how you want to present it and/or you are correct about it -- pushing back and having a conversation with them about how you think your original approach does work best. But that will come later. The first step is, yes, to mentally gird yourself to receive critical feedback on something that you have worked hard on, and to understand that no matter how much you grump and grumble and deservedly vent to your friends and so on, implementing the feedback will usually make your piece better and stronger. That is the benefit of working with a trained expert who knows what makes a good piece of research in your particular academic field, and while it doesn't get easier, per se, at least it gets familiar. Be not afraid, etc.

If you're in the writing stage, I assume that you've moved past the topic-selection and general-research stage, but allow me to plump once more the services of your friendly local university library. You can (or at least you can at mine and probably in any decently well-equipped research university) schedule a personal consultation with an expert librarian, who can give you tips on how to find relevant subject databases, create individual research guides (these might already be available on the university library website for classes/general topics), and otherwise level you up to Shockingly Competent Research Superhero. So if you're still looking for a few extra sources, or for someone else who might be reading this and is still in the "how the heck do I find appropriate and extensive scholarly literature for my thesis??" stage, please. Go become a Research Ninja. It's much easier when you have a minion doing half the work for you, but please do appreciate and make use of your university librarian. It's much more effective than haphazard Google Scholar or JSTOR searches hoping to turn up something vaguely relevant (though to be fair, we all do that too), and it's what your tuition dollars are paying for.

Next, please do remind yourself that you are not writing the whole thesis in one go, and to break it down into manageable chunks. It usually does make sense to write the whole thing semi-chronologically (i.e. introduction, lit review, chapter 1, chapter 2/3/4 etc, conclusion), because that allows you to develop your thoughts and make logical connections, and to build on one piece to develop the next. If you're constantly scrambling between chapters and zig-zagging back and forth as things occur to you, it will be harder to focus on any one thought or thread of research, and while you might get more raw output, it will not be as good and will require more correction and revision, so you're not actually hacking yourself into increased productivity. You should also internally structure your chapters in addition to organizing your overall thesis, so it makes sense to draw up a rough outline for section A, section B, section C within the body of a single chapter. This will make you think about why the segues are going in that order and what a reasonably intelligent reader, who nonetheless may not have the specialized knowledge that you are demonstrating for them, needs to move understandably from one section to the next.

Some academics I know like to do an extensive outline, dumping all their material into separate documents for each chapter/paper and kneading and massaging and poking it into a more refined shape, and if that works for you -- great! I'm more of the type that doesn't bother with a ton of secondary outlines or non-writing activity, since that can lead you away from actually writing, but if you need to see the fruit of your research all together in one place before you can start thinking about how it goes together, that is also absolutely the way that some people do it. Either way, to be a successful academic writer, you have to train yourself to approach academic writing in a very different way from fun writing. You do fun writing when you have free time and feel inspired and can glop a lot of words down at once, or at least some words. You do it electively and for distraction and when you want to, not to a set timeline or schedule, and alas, you can't do this for academic writing. You will have to sit your ass down and write even when you do not feel like writing, do not feel Magically Inspired, don't even want to look at the fucking thing, etc. I have had enough practice that I can turn on Academic Writing Brain, sit down, bang something out, sit down the next day and turn on Academic Editing Brain, go over it again, and send it off, but I have been in academia for uh, quite a while. The good news is that you can also automate yourself to be the same way, but the bad news is that it will take practice and genuine time invested in it.

As such, this means developing a writing schedule and sticking to it, and figuring out whether you work best going for several hours without an interruption, or if you set a timer, write for a certain time, then allow yourself to look at the internet/answer texts/fuck around on Tumblr, and then make yourself put down the distraction and go back to work for another set period of time. (I am admittedly horrible at putting my phone away when I should be doing something else, but learn ye from your wizened elders, etc.) You will have to figure out in which physical space you work best, which may not be a public coffee shop where you can likewise get distracted with doing other things/chatting to friends/screwing around on the internet/doomscrolling/peeking at AO3, and to try to be there as often as possible. It might be your carrel in the library, it might be your desk at home, it might be somewhere else on campus, but if you can place yourself in a setting that tells your brain it's time to work and not look at WhatsApp for the 1000th time in a row, that is also beneficial.

Finally, remember that you do not have to produce an absolutely world-beating, stunningly original, totally flawless and perfect piece, even in its final form. Lots of us write very shitty things when we're starting out (and some of us, uh, still write very shitty things as established academics), and you do not have to totally redefine your entire field of study or propose a groundbreaking theory that nobody has heard of or anything like that. A lot of academic work is small-scale and nuanced, filling in spaces on the margins of other things or responding or offering a new perspective on existing work, and it's best to think of it as a conversation between yourself and other scholars. They have said something and now you're saying something back. You don't need to be so brilliant that everyone goes ZOMGZ I HAVE NEVER HEARD OF THAT BEFORE; by its nature that happens very rarely and is usually way out on a limb (extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence, etc); you just need to continue the dialogue with a reasonably well-constructed and internally plausible piece. So if you think of it that way, and understand that a shitty first draft will usually develop into something that is good and valuable but not SHOCKING NEW REVELATION clickbait hype, you will take some of the pressure off yourself and be more able to shut up that perfectionist voice in your head. However, all of us have some degree of imposter syndrome and it never entirely goes away, so you'll have to manage that too. Etc etc as before, it doesn't vanish altogether, but it gets easier.

And last but not least, though I'm sure I don't have to say this: for the love of fuckin' god, do not use ChatGPT. Even the genuinely shittiest paper in the world that you still worked on researching, organizing, and writing with your own brain is better than that. Trust me.

[mi4019nihinduyasmith]

DAY 03: ACADEMIC WRITING

Plagiarism: The act of stealing another person's work or ideas and passing them off as your own.

using someone else's writing as your own, purchasing information from a website or assembling phrases, concepts, and sentences from multiple sources to compose an essay.

The use of AI chat,

advantage: ·Quickly process large amounts of literature, data and information, helping researchers write and edit papers faster.

·Reduce research costs, especially for studies that require a lot of repetitive work.

·Automated tasks: checking for spelling and grammatical errors, citations, formatting, etc.

·Discover patterns, trends or correlations that may have been overlooked before

shortcoming: ·Lack of creativity and uniqueness

·Logical errors, inaccurate information, or incomplete analysis may occur, affecting the credibility of the paper.

·There are risks involved in citing sources and intellectual property, and there are legal and ethical issues involved.

In academia, attitudes towards AI writing vary from person to person. Some view AI writing as a beneficial tool that can help speed up research progress and increase efficiency, while others worry that it could undermine originality and credibility in academia.

to avoid plagiarism you can use the following:

·paraphrasing

·summarizing

·direct quotes with citations

·referencing

referencing styles and citation styles such as:

·Harvard Referencing

·APA Referencing

·MLA Referencing

·Vancouver Referencing

·Chicago Referencing

·IEEE Referencing

·MHRA Referencing

·OSCOLA Referencing

common knowledge references is not necessarily a must to be citated as it is widely known, like:

·facts

·dates

·events

·general knowledge

[mi4019cainmayadunne]

PLAGIARISM & REFERENCING - NOTES

What counts as Plagiarism?

Plagiarism means taking information or ideas from another writer intentionally or unintentionally and using them in your own work, without acknowledging the source in an accepted manner. In academic work, plagiarism can be a serious offense.

Plagiarism can be punished in a court for prejudices caused by copyright infringement, violation of moral rights, or torts.

Submitting someone else’s work as your own or without credit, pasting in phrases and ideas from a variety of sources, hiring someone to write for you, as well as using artificial intelligence to write your paper are all considered plagiarism.

In academic settings, established research carries more weight than personal experience, so it’s always best to refer to a published source.

Common knowledge (either general knowledge or facts that can be assumed to be common knowledge in a particular industry) is generally exempt from needing to be backed up with sources.

Confidential information can be included in academic writing only so long as appropriate permission is provided by the affected parties.

How do you avoid plagiarism?

Plagiarism can be avoided by making use of methods such as the following:

Paraphrasing (Putting the ideas in a passage into our own words, usually following the order of the ideas in the original. All major ideas are included, and source is cited at the end.)

Summarizing (Similar to paraphrasing, but only lists only the key points and headings, and is only ⅓ the length of the original passage. Source cited at the end.)

Direct quotes with citations (Uses the exact words of the source and replaces any omitted words with ellipses.)

Referencing (When using information read in another source, creating a citation to the source in the text of your document, which refers the reader to the full reference in a reference list or bibliography at the end of the document.)

Depending on the referencing style being used, there are three standard systems for citing sources.

 1. Author – Date system (Harvard)

 2. Numeric system (Vancouver)

 3. Notes and Bibliography system (MHRA)

Common methods of referencing include Harvard Referencing, APA Referencing, MLA Referencing, Vancouver Referencing and Chicago Referencing.

[mi4019uvinduratnakara]

DAY 03: ACADEMIC WRITING

We learnt and understood the terms and consequences of plagiarism when referencing anything.

Plagiarism: the act of representing the words, ideas, or expressions of another author as one's own original work (wikipedia). This can happen accidentally or on purpose, and it is illegal to do so if the original source is not properly cited. In addition, it is a crime that carries consequences for violating moral rights, copyright, or other laws.

some examples of this would be using someone else's writing as your own, purchasing information from a website or assembling phrases, concepts, and sentences from multiple sources to compose an essay

with how technology has advanced, The use of AI chats would be one of the most common methods for children to get their hands on for copying.

However there are methods to avoid plagiarism (accidently or not)

-paraphrasing -summarizing -direct quotes with citations -referencing

With how universities work, there are many referencing styles and citation styles such as. (taken from the slides in class). -Harvard Referencing -APA Referencing -MLA Referencing -Vancouver Referencing -Chicago Referencing -IEEE Referencing -MHRA Referencing -OSCOLA Referencing

With how our module goes, we will mainly use harvard referencing.

One important fact to denote is that common knowledge references is not necessarily a must to be citated as it is widely known such as facts, dates, events and other general knowledge.

[mi4019sayakagunasekara]

Day 03- Academic Writing

Plagiarism: the representation of another author's language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions as one's own original work (wikipedia) it can occur intentionally or unintentionally, without acknowledgement of the original source in an accepted manner, this can be a serious offence. it also is a punishable offence due to prejudice by copyright infringement, violation of moral rights, or tort.

instances of plagiarism: -submitting someone else's work as your own -buying a source from an website -cut and paste together phrases, ideas, and sentences from a variety of sources to write an essay -copy words, art or data from someone else's work -using ai chatbot to write your paper

Common Knowledge; facts, dates, events, and information generally is considered to be known by someone studying or working in the particular industry/ field. it is known or can be seen everywhere.

methods to avoid plagiarism: -paraphrasing -summarizing -direct quotes with citations -referencing

Citation methods: 1. Author_Date system (Harvard) 2. Numeric system (Vancouver) 3. Notes and Bibliography system (MHRA)

Referencing Styles: -Harvard Referencing -APA Referencing -MLA Referencing -Vancouver Referencing -Chicago Referencing -IEEE Referencing -MHRA Referencing -OSCOLA Referencing

[thomasgrantuk]

There are a couple of complicated areas and critical essentialities associated with the MHRA referencing style. Unless students are able to get the hang of all the needful areas to acknowledge in MHRA referencing for websites and other platforms, they will not be able to ensure 100% referential accuracy at the end of the day.

[fictional-worlds-are-exquisite]

does anyone know if Word counts footnotes in their word count?

i just use google docs and download it to Word when i have to submit something generally which is normally not an issue but in the feedback comments i got warned that my essay was almost 2000 words...which came as a surprise to me since I remember struggling to carefully keep it under 1650 words so I checked my google docs

on google docs my essay is 1642 words which is what I thought, but on Word if I highlight the same area it says it’s 1842 words and I am baffled as to where the other 200 words appeared from. the only thing I can think is maybe Word includes my footnotes (since mhra uses footnote referencing) in it’s word count but that’s just a wild guess

if anyone knows I would greatly appreciate an answer!!

[literarystudies]

Hello! First of all, I really want to say that your blog is amazing! And I'm glad I found you in this sea of studyblrs. Um, I was wondering if you have any particular tips on writing an essay. Honestly, I rarely had written any essay before so your tips would be really helpful. Thank you in advance!

Hey! Thank you, that’s so sweet of you :)

This might be way too late because I forget to check my inbox regularly here — my bad! But I’m posting it anyway, in case it’s still helpful to someone.

It helps to read a lot of essays and journal articles to get a better understanding of what makes a good essay. I listed some of my fav postcolonial lit essays here. There are some more suggestions from @kuanios​ here. Also check out aeon.co

Start with a rough outline of your essay: what it’s about, and what you want to argue in it. If you’re writing in response to an essay question, dissect the question to make sure you understand exactly what it’s asking (do you have to compare? contrast? review? analyse?)

A strong introduction is one where you put your main idea forward and give an overview of how you’re going to argue it. It should essentially answer the question at hand in brief but clear terms.

As you’re writing your essay, keep track of all your citations. Zotero is my favourite app for this, but a simple note or word document is also fine. You just want to make sure you don’t loose anything along the way.

Before you submit your essay print it out and proofread it with a highlighter or something.

Also consider putting your essay through an app like Hemingway Editor or Grammarly — or both! Hemingway catches uses of the passive voice which is very useful. Grammarly has a “clarity” feature that points out tautologies and their paid service has a plagiarism checker.

Use a consistent style & referencing system — find out what your uni uses and stick to it. I’ve always used MHRA

My best essays have been the ones that I let sit for a while before submitting. An hour or a day or a week, depending on how much time I have. It allows me to come back to the essay with (somewhat) fresh eyes and I’m more likely to spot errors and incongruous arguments.

Purdue University has some great tips for academic writing in general here.

The actual step-by-step process of writing essays is something you’ll figure out for yourself over time. Everyone has a different way that works for them. These are just some general ideas to get you started.

Let me know if you have any other questions 🌻

[myassignmenthelperonline-blog]

Different Kinds of Citing and Referencing Styles Used for Academic and Professional Communities

Referencing is a standard convention in the academic and professional communities, which was made to inform the reader of these resources of information employed in a piece of written work. Our Free APA Reference Generator tool ensures you to provide the correct format for referencing. Massey University uses a range of different referencing styles. If you are referencing eBooks or electronic journal posts that seem just like the printed equivalents (for instance, have individual pages, then set out in precisely the exact same manner as in printed sources) mention them in exactly the exact identical way as publish publications and magazine articles, such as all the exact identical details. 

Referencing referred to as citation is all about saying the source of facts, your thoughts, and opinions. The reader of particular forms of arts and humanities pupil may hence be better assisted by the usage of author-title referencing styles like MLA: for example,"(Dickens Oliver, 10)", where significant information is provided on the webpage. In footnotes, in-text citations have been back in Oxford referencing.

It's important to indicate when assigning a Journal article that appears online this is the case. It guarantees that references are formatted correctly -- inline using the Harvard referencing style -- and it does this faster than writing them out manually. Cite Them Right Online is a Coding resource. The partitioning approaches are Harvard (author-date), APA, MLA, MHRA, OSCOLA, Vancouver, and Chicago.

Using the Cite That For Me free and accessible Harvard generator makes producing accurate references easier, leaving more time for you to focus on achieving your academic targets. Time is of the essence when you are finishing a newspaper, but there is no need to fear because you're able to compile your reference list with the Cite This for Me Harvard referencing generator. Other sources are seen by information about referencing tables below. 

Take a look at our short introduction to Harvard Referencing (Cite Them Right). Use the hyperlinks below for advice on referencing specific kinds of resources, and mention builders (where accessible). The Cite That for Me Harvard post generator above will make your references in the Harvard - Cite Them Right (10th Edition) format as standard, but it may References in 7,000+ styles. 

Even when you are using the Cite knowing will go a long way in assisting you to naturally integrate the process in your research and writing routine. The ACS manual provides directions for numbered referencing and for Indices (Harvard style) referencing. APA referencing is a version of Harvard design. Whilst citations are utilized to indicate where a source has been quoted or paraphrased by you, your reference checklist is an alphabetized collection of Harvard citations that are whole that enables your reader.

[anotherenglishstudent]

Uni - Writing an Essay

My uni course is, delightfully, almost entirely essay based. This works wonderfully for me because wow do I panic about exams. If you, however, struggle with essays here’s some advice that might help!

Speaking from an arts student perspective, nothing is going to get you away from writing essays at university. And if you’re doing an arts or humanities subject, likelihood is you chose it, in part, because you know you can write them. Buuuuut that doesn’t mean it’s as simple as keeping up your standard methods. Yes, school and sixth form have been pointing you in the right direction, and - shockingly - their formulaic approach is the basis of a good essay, but there’s a couple of things I’ve picked up that really help an essay.

Research Research Research! Yes, your essay is meant to be you writing your ideas about any given topic, but where have you opinions come from? Why do you think this? Do you have anyone to back you up? These things are so, so important when it comes to writing an essay. Nothing you say can be unfounded: support from a source is everything. Whilst you’re doing your research, keep meticulous notes. I’ve got a couple of suggestions for how to do this, but what you need to remember is that when it comes to writing the essay, you’re going to want to know where you got the information, who wrote it, and a whole bunch of publication details. The first method I’m going to suggest is the way I make notes: I’ll take the book/article/whatever I’m reading and write down the title, author, and publication details at the top of a sheet of paper - this is labelled as ‘Source 1’. Every quote I think is relevant will be written on this sheet of paper, and labelled a/b/c/etc., and have the page number written down with it. When I then come to plan my essay I can just use shorthand to add these quotes to my plan, e.g. ‘Paragraph 1, use quotes 1c, 2b, and 4g’. If you don’t want to write down every quote you think is relevant (because let's be honest, you won’t use at least half of them), tabbing books is also useful. This works best if you own the book, but can also be done with library books. It’s as simple as using post-it notes or tabs to mark where an important quote is; I also find it useful to write on the tab the topic of the quote or why I thought it relevant, so it’s easy to know why you marked it later on. My final suggestion is a lot like the first one, except actually making use of technology. Write the title, author, and publication info out just the same, and type out the quote (much faster process by the way), alongside a page number. Then all you have to do when typing up your essay is copy and paste your quote, along with all the relevant information.

Make. A. Plan. I am awful at this. Even writing this post I sat down and debated whether to bother making a plan or not  (I didn’t) because I’m just lazy when it comes to planning my writing (hence why I’ve never finished any story I’ve started). Honestly though, an essay has never been easier than when I’ve had a full plan written up.  Unsurprisingly, this is where my advice might fail you a little bit. Being new to planning, I largely still rely on mind maps to be honest. I think it's one of the easiest methods to use, simply branching off a whole bunch of ideas, sticking quotes in there to see where things fit together and your points interconnect. Very basic, but, for me, pretty effective. A thorough plan, however, is best made with bullet points. Essentially you create your sentences in a very basic form, and then you just need to use connectives and fancy words in between to make proper sentences and you’re done! I think with planning, you’ve just got to find what works for you - but definitely plan. I can’t advocate for planning enough, it will just make your writing process so much easier.

Writing an Introduction So this can go one of two ways in my opinion: either you skip the introduction because introductions are hard, or you use the introduction to help focus yourself. Can you guess which one I support? Introductions are hard, I admit, because you’re faced with a blank page and you think the whole thing rests on making the perfect introduction but - newsflash - you can edit the opening when you’ve finished. In fact, I highly recommend you do. Use your introduction to focus yourself and get a start, put down some ideas and just get writing, and then, when you;ve got a focused, complete essay, come back and edit it to make sure it fits with your conclusion. 

The Body This depends on your plan essentially. Each paragraph should be focused; before you start writing, know what you’re paragraph is about and what quotations you want to put it in. You also want to know roughly how long you want each paragraph to be, so as to not end up rambling, and to stay focused. You almost definitely have a word limit, so keep in mind that you can have as many paragraphs as you like, but you want to find the balance between fully fleshed out and supported, and long and rambly.

Concluding Really, this is the easiest part. You’ve done your introduction - so you know what you were aiming to do - and you’ve done the body - so you know what points you’ve made. Now you just to need to use all that information to conclude your essay. Essentially you want to summarise what you’ve said in your essay - don’t introduce anything new at this point. Bring together what you’ve said, and how you’ve come to view the topic overall. Don’t sit on the fence, make a decision about where you stand and make sure it comes across in your conclusion, show this is your concluding paragraph - but don’t use the phrase ‘to conclude’, or anything equivalent. It’s cliche and annoying, and your tutor doesn’t want to read it a million times over whilst marking.

References are Important Everywhere has a different system for referencing so my first point is check if your university/college/institution has a preference. A lot of the time institutes have some kind of study guide which will clarify how they want you to reference; they’re not trying to trip you up, they know you haven’t done these things before so they will try to help you out where they can. If they don’t have a preference, have a google. Like I said, there are a lot of styles out there: MHRA, APA, Chicago, Harvard, Oxford, etc.. The most important thing is to stick to one style. The study guide at my university says students ‘will not be penalised for using an alternative set of conventions, provided that it is implemented consistently’, showing the important thing is not that you do what they suggest, but that you know what you’re doing if you’re going to do it. (This is not good advice in most university situations - in general, stick to your briefs). The other important thing I’d say is fill in your references as you write. Even if you do a shorthand version in the footnote and then hurry to finish your paragraph because you’re really on a role, write down the reference. If you’re proofreading your essay after you’ve finished it and stumble upon a quote without a reference, it’s likely going to be a nightmare figuring out where it came from.

So. That turned out longer than expected. Turns out I have a lot of advice on essay writing. What can I say? I’ve written a lot of them, I’ve edited other people’s, and I’m just really passionate about it. I hope some of this advice, if not all of it, is useful to you!

Moving In and Freshers Week | Getting Through Reading Lists | Having A Social Life

[pharmaphorumuk]

Behind the scenes of the new ABPI Code of Practice

For over 60 years the ABPI Code of Practice has been key to the UK industry’s self-regulation, and now, as pharma is experiencing its most intense period of change in decades, a new update seeks to bring the Code in line with the modern sector. With the new Code now in its consultation stage, we spoke to ABPI president Haseeb Ahmad to find out more about the key changes.

What would you say are the most important changes to the Code in this new update?

It’s impossible to go through all the changes, but the most notable difference is in the structure.

The new Code is going to look and feel very different. It’s going to appear more modern, it’s going to be easier to use and it’s going to be more accessible – for example through the use of colour-coded sections.

That’s one of the main things our members have been requesting – there are probably thousands of people who reference the Code every day, so we want to make it easier for them to use in their day-to-day jobs.

Another key change is a new proposal for ‘collaborative working’ alongside those for ‘joint working’.

Whilst joint working involves pharma working together with the NHS to improve patient outcomes, we also recognise that the NHS is under pressure in other areas, and collaborative working is when the industry works with the system to relieve that and provide other benefits to the health service.

For example, post-COVID there will be a real drive to support the management of patients at home. It is absolutely in the interests of the NHS and the industry to work together on programmes where you can deliver a continued high quality of care in a more efficient setting, which can improve capacity for the NHS to then treat patients with other diseases.

We’re also making changes in the area of transparency. Companies will now need to disclose payments not just to HCPs but also to members of the public and journalists who write for them. That really demonstrates that transparency is a key imperative for us as an industry.

How does the scale of the changes compare to previous updates of the Code?

You can look at it through different lenses, but in terms of how many clauses have changed it’s more of an evolution than a revolution. What I do think is revolutionary is the new format. The new Code will look and feel very different, and we hope that will help with engagement.

How aware of the Code are the general public and HCPs? Was there a conscious effort to appeal to them more with this update?

It obviously varies somewhat, but we do see complaints raised under the Code from HCPs, and the Code is also referenced within NHS conflict of interest guidance. We do also see some members of the public making complaints under the Code.

It has always been the ABPI’s role to continue to improve the level of awareness of the Code. We see this current consultation as a great opportunity to help do that.

“The new Code is going to look and feel very different. It’s going to appear more modern, it’s going to be easier to use and it’s going to be more accessible”

How well do you think industry self-regulation works at the moment? Are there any deficiencies that the new Code is trying to address?

Self-regulation has stood the test of time very well. The Code has been working effectively for more than 60 years now, and self-regulation has great support from the government.

We carried out opinion research on the Code in 2018, and found that the interviewees associated positive changes in industry practice with developments in the Code. That has contributed to improving the perception of the industry and of HCPs.

Anyone in the UK who has any concerns about the activities of any pharmaceutical company can raise them with the PMCPA and be confident that it will be investigated under the auspices of a memorandum of understanding with the MHRA, backed up by UK law. That’s something we should be very proud of – the UK has been a frontrunner globally in terms of self-regulation. It has worked very well for over half a century, and I believe it will continue to work well going forward.

Do you see an active role for the Code in helping to improve the reputation of the Industry?

I think an improved reputation is a by-product of the Code, but it’s not its reason for being. The reason we have the Code is to benefit patients and ensure that our members act with integrity and operate in the interests of the public. If that leads to a better reputation, then that’s great.

In general, though, I think the industry is doing a much better job these days of stepping up and demonstrating that we are a force for good.

How does the new Code align with other codes of conduct, such as EFPIA’s?

We’ve made sure to align with the EFPIA Code as much as possible, for the sake of consistency for companies that operate throughout Europe and the rest of the world. EFPIA recently updated three of their Codes into one, and most of what led to that has been incorporated into the new ABPI Code.

Many of those companies also have their own codes of conduct, so they have to adhere to those guidelines as well as the ABPI Code, while the ABPI Code has to reflect the EFPIA Code and the International Federation of the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (IFPMA) Code as well as UK law. Through alignment we can make these processes more seamless.

Although you have that alignment, how much of the Code needs to be unique to deal with the particularities of the UK industry?

There are far, far more similarities than differences between the Codes. Obviously, we ensure that we are aligned with UK law – and in many cases go beyond it. We’re specifically looking for feedback on activities in the UK as part of the consultation process. We want to ensure that what comes out at the end is a Code that is fit for local purposes.

“I think the industry is doing a much better job these days of stepping up and demonstrating that we are a force for good.”

Are there any other particular areas of feedback you’re interested in hearing about during the consultation?

We do have a list of questions that we’d like feedback on, but really it’s a fully open consultation process. People can comment, question or challenge any aspect of the Code.

Do you hope that more people will take part in the consultation stage than has been the case for previous Codes?

Absolutely. The participation levels during the consultation are a barometer of engagement.

We have also built time for training and familiarisation into this process. The PMCPA is hosting a series of events that will help companies understand and discuss proposals during the consultation process and once the final Code is published.

Is there any way in which COVID has affected this process, or indeed the content of the Code itself?

I’m pleased to say that it hasn’t affected our ability to start the consultation process. We’re continuing the preparatory work with the PMCPA events, and we haven’t missed any deadlines. Looking at whether COVID will help or hinder that, it’s clear that more people will be in front of the computer, and will therefore have the opportunity to participate.

It also hasn’t affected the development and the proposals for a new Code – many of the new focus areas, like collaborative working, were already emerging as important trends before the pandemic, and we had already started working them into the update. Many of them have actually become more important during the pandemic, as the industry seeks to help the NHS cope with the crisis.

To take part in the consultation process for the new Code, visit https://abpi.citizenspace.com/code/consultation/

About the interviewee

Haseeb Ahmad is president of the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI) as well as being global head of value & access and commercial development and country president UK of Novartis Pharmaceuticals. His twenty-year career in industry has included senior in-country appointments, including managing director, UK, Ireland & Nordics of Novartis, managing director for MSD in Greece during the economic crisis, and above-country roles in strategy, operations, sales and marketing. Haseeb has also previously led the American Chamber of Commerce Pharma Group, is a member of the ABPI board and Novartis European Executive Committee.

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from https://pharmaphorum.com/views-and-analysis/behind-the-scenes-of-the-new-abpi-code-of-practice/

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