#microcontroller based greenhouse project

[cloudtopiaa]

Building a Real-Time IoT Temperature Monitoring System with ESP32, LM35 & DataStreamX

In a world driven by smart technology, real-time data monitoring has become essential — not just in industrial systems, but even in basic IoT applications like temperature sensing.

This post shows you how to build a complete IoT data pipeline using:

📟 ESP32 microcontroller

🌡️ LM35 temperature sensor

☁️ Cloudtopiaa’s DataStreamX — a powerful real-time data streaming engine

Whether you’re a beginner in IoT development or exploring edge computing for enterprise systems, this guide blends hardware, firmware, and cloud data streaming into one cohesive solution.

Project Overview: What We’re Building

We’ll build a real-time IoT system that:

Reads temperature using an LM35 sensor

Transmits it via MQTT protocol

Processes the data using DataStreamX (on Cloudtopiaa’s infrastructure)

Displays it on a live IoT dashboard

Use Cases: Industrial IoT Environmental monitoring Smart homes Embedded systems requiring real-time response

Components Required

ComponentDescriptionESP32 BoardWi-Fi-enabled microcontroller for IoTLM35 Temperature SensorAnalog sensor with linear outputJumper WiresFor connectionsBreadboardFor prototypingDataStreamX PlatformReal-time streaming and visualization

Hardware Setup

Connect LM35 to ESP32:

VCC → 3.3V

GND → GND

VOUT → Analog pin (e.g., GPIO34)

Power up your ESP32

Firmware: Code for ESP32

The ESP32 will:

Read analog voltage from the LM35 sensor

Convert it into Celsius

Publish the readings to DataStreamX every 5 seconds using MQTT

temperature = (analogRead(34) * 3.3 / 4095.0) * 100.0; // LM35 conversion

What is DataStreamX?

DataStreamX is a low-code, real-time data pipeline platform built into Cloudtopiaa’s cloud infrastructure. It helps developers to build resilient, scalable IoT systems easily.

Key Features:

MQTT Adapter for IoT sensors

Real-time dashboards

Event-based alerts

Edge-cloud synchronization

Secure data routing

Cloudtopiaa + DataStreamX = Instant, Scalable IoT

Setting Up DataStreamX on Cloudtopiaa

To set it up:

Log into: https://cloudtopiaa.com

Go to the DataStreamX dashboard

Create a new MQTT Adapter

Define:

Input Stream: Temperature sensor topic

Logic: (e.g., Trigger an alert if temp > 40°C)

Output Stream: Live dashboard visualization

Live Visualization: Monitor in Real-Time

Once your ESP32 starts publishing:

View real-time temperature plots

Monitor averages, minimum, and maximum values

Visualize it instantly on the Cloudtopiaa dashboard

Bonus: Trigger Smart Actions

You can create rules like:

If temperature > 50°C → Send an email alert

If temperature > 60°C → Automatically activate a cooling fan

Security & Scalability

Cloudtopiaa ensures:

🔒Encrypted communication

🔑 Role-based access control

🧾 Audit logs for compliance

📈 Scalability from 10 to 10,000+ sensors

Perfect for smart factories, research labs, and large-scale IoT deployments!

Real-World Applications

Smart Homes: Thermal alerts & automation Healthcare IoT: Patient room temperature monitoring Environmental Monitoring: Greenhouses & weather stations Industry 4.0: Machine cooling and predictive maintenance Education: STEM IoT projects with ESP32

What’s Next? Intelligent Automation

Cloudtopiaa is working to add AI feedback loops inside DataStreamX soon, enabling:

Predict overheating events

Auto-adjust environmental controls

Optimize energy consumption in real-time

Start Your IoT Journey Today

You don’t have to be a cloud architect or hardware expert to create an IoT system today. With Cloudtopiaa’s low-code dashboard, you can:

Connect your devices

Set data logic

Visualize everything in real-time!

Build with DataStreamX → Start Now

[tech4bizsolutions]

DIY Smart Garden with Automated Irrigation System

Introduction

Welcome to our DIY project guide on creating a Smart Garden with an Automated Irrigation System! This innovative project uses technology to optimize water usage, ensuring your plants receive the right amount of hydration while minimizing waste. Perfect for home gardens, greenhouses, or small farms, this automated system uses soil moisture sensors and weather data to control water valves efficiently.

Why Build a Smart Garden?

Traditional gardening methods often lead to over-watering or under-watering plants, which wastes water and can harm your garden. By integrating smart technology into your gardening routine, you can monitor and control your garden’s irrigation system remotely, allowing for efficient water management.

Benefits of a Smart Garden

Water Conservation: Reduces water waste by watering only when necessary.

Healthier Plants: Ensures optimal moisture levels for plant growth.

Remote Monitoring: Check and control your garden from anywhere.

Data Insights: Analyze watering patterns and make informed decisions.

Key Components and Technologies

To build your Smart Garden, you will need the following components:

Microcontroller: Choose either a Raspberry Pi or Arduino as the central processing unit for your system.

Soil Moisture Sensors: These sensors measure the moisture level in the soil.

Temperature and Humidity Sensors: Monitor the environmental conditions that affect plant watering needs.

Water Pump or Solenoid Valves: Control the water flow to your plants based on sensor data.

Wi-Fi Module: Enables remote monitoring and control through a web application or mobile app.

Cloud Service: Use Cloudtopiaa to store and analyze data over time. This cloud platform allows you to log sensor data, analyze trends, and remotely monitor your garden’s status.

Additional Tools:

Jumper wires and a breadboard

A power supply for the microcontroller

Tubing for water delivery (if using a pump)

Step-by-Step Guide

Step 1: Set Up the Microcontroller

Choose Your Microcontroller: For this guide, we’ll use a Raspberry Pi for its ease of use and capabilities. Install the latest version of Raspbian OS.

Connect the Components:

Connect the soil moisture sensors to the GPIO pins on the Raspberry Pi.

Connect the temperature and humidity sensors (DHT11 or similar).

If using a water pump, connect it to a relay module that can be controlled by the Raspberry Pi.

Step 2: Install Required Libraries

Open the terminal on your Raspberry Pi and install necessary libraries for sensor data collection and Wi-Fi connectivity:sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install python3-pip pip3 install Adafruit_DHT

Step 3: Program the Sensors

Create a Python script to read data from the sensors. Here’s a basic example:import Adafruit_DHT import time import RPi.GPIO as GPIO

# Set GPIO mode GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)

# Sensor setup DHT_SENSOR = Adafruit_DHT.DHT11 DHT_PIN = 4 # GPIO pin for DHT sensor MOISTURE_PIN = 17 # GPIO pin for soil moisture sensor

def read_sensors(): # Read temperature and humidity humidity, temperature = Adafruit_DHT.read_retry(DHT_SENSOR, DHT_PIN) # Read soil moisture level moisture_level = GPIO.input(MOISTURE_PIN) return temperature, humidity, moisture_level

while True: temp, humidity, moisture = read_sensors() print(f'Temperature: {temp}°C, Humidity: {humidity}%, Soil Moisture: {moisture}') time.sleep(10)

Step 4: Control the Water Pump

Expand the script to control the water pump based on the moisture level:WATER_PUMP_PIN = 27 # GPIO pin for the water pump relay GPIO.setup(WATER_PUMP_PIN, GPIO.OUT)

def water_plants(moisture): if moisture < 300: # Adjust threshold based on your sensor calibration GPIO.output(WATER_PUMP_PIN, GPIO.HIGH) # Turn on water pump print("Watering the plants...") time.sleep(10) # Watering duration GPIO.output(WATER_PUMP_PIN, GPIO.LOW) # Turn off water pump

while True: temp, humidity, moisture = read_sensors() water_plants(moisture) time.sleep(600) # Check every 10 minutes

Step 5: Remote Monitoring and Cloud Integration with Cloudtopiaa

To monitor your garden remotely, integrate it with Cloudtopiaa for real-time data logging, trend analysis, and remote control of your irrigation system. Here’s how:

Sign Up and Set Up Cloudtopiaa:

Create an account on Cloudtopiaa and set up a cloud project for your garden.

Obtain your API key and configure the project to receive data from your Raspberry Pi.

Install Cloudtopiaa SDK:

Install the Cloudtopiaa SDK for data transmission. In your Raspberry Pi terminal, install the SDK:pip3 install cloudtopiaa-sdk

Update Your Python Script to Log Data to Cloudtopiaa:

Use the Cloudtopiaa SDK to log sensor data, set alerts, and monitor trends.

from cloudtopiaa_sdk import Cloudtopiaa

cloudtopiaa = Cloudtopiaa(api_key='Your_Cloudtopiaa_API_Key')

while True: temp, humidity, moisture = read_sensors() # Log data to Cloudtopiaa cloudtopiaa.log_data({ "temperature": temp, "humidity": humidity, "moisture": moisture }) water_plants(moisture) time.sleep(600) # Check every 10 minutes

This integration enables you to monitor your garden’s conditions from anywhere, set up notifications when moisture levels are low, and analyze long-term data to optimize water usage.

Conclusion

Congratulations! You’ve successfully built a Smart Garden with an Automated Irrigation System using Cloudtopiaa. With this setup, you can efficiently manage your garden’s water needs, conserve resources, and monitor conditions from anywhere. As you refine your project, consider exploring additional features like integrating weather APIs for advanced irrigation control or adding more sensors to enhance functionality.

Additional Resources

Raspberry Pi Documentation

Arduino Project Hub

Cloudtopiaa Documentation

By applying these skills in IoT sensor integration, automation, and cloud data logging, you’re well on your way to mastering smart gardening techniques!

#cloudtopiaa #ITServices #SmartGarden #AutomatedIrrigation #DIYGarden #IrrigationTech #GrowWithTech

[rupasriymts]

PIC Microcontroller Projects for Engineering Students

Hey students, Are you looking for PIC Microcontroller projects? Then Takeoff Edu Group Provide a unique projects for Final year students with proper guidance. Now-a-days PIC microcontroller projects cover many different uses, from basic appliance to complicated industrial machines. People use Microchip's PIC microcontrollers because they're powerful and can do many things. Both hobbyists and experts use them to be creative and solve problems. You can make things like home systems that control lights and temperature or musical instruments that work with microcontrollers. There are so many things you can do with them.

Takeoff Edu group- Example PIC Microcontroller projects Titles:

Trendy:

Edge Computing-based Intelligent Manhole Cover Management System For Smart Cities

System Architecture For Tracking Passengers Inside An Airport Terminal Using Rfid

An Iot Based Multi-parameter Data Acquisition System For Efficient Bio-tele Monitoring Of Pregnant Women At Home

Standard:

Smart Ration Card System Using Rfid And Embedded System

A Sewer Sensor Monitoring System Based On Embedded System

Sensepods: A Zigbee-based Tangible Smart Home Interface

A Real-time Flood Alert System For Parking Lots       

Detection Of Pedestrian Crossing For Safe Driving

Multi-sensor Integrated System For Wireless Monitoring Of Greenhouse Environment

Development Of Reverse Vending Machine (rvm) Framework For Implementation To A Standard Recycle Bin

Many people like to use PIC microcontrollers to make robots. They make robots that can do different things, like follow lines or fly by themselves. These projects use sensors, motors, and other parts to help the robots see and move around. People who love robots are always trying new things with PIC microcontrollers. They show how flexible and strong these little computers can be.

Moreover, PIC microcontroller projects are widely used in industries. They help control processes, monitor data, and keep records. Microcontrollers are essential for making industries work better and faster. Engineers and experts use PIC microcontrollers because they are dependable and work well. They create strong solutions that fit the needs of each industry perfectly.

In a word, dealing with a PIC Microcontroller Project is similar to having a toy playground of creativity. We at Takeoff Edu Group view these devices as more than just boring electronic thingy. In fact, their way of utilizing them to perform various tasks can be very exciting, something that people and organizations can enjoy. From accidental experimenting for recreation to purposeful attempts to make improvements in business, this is an endless world of endless discoveries.

[svsembedded]

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[projecttopicsinnigeria]

PROJECT TOPIC- CONSTRUCTION OF A MICROCONTROLLER BASED T-JUNCTION TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROLLER

PROJECT TOPIC- CONSTRUCTION OF A MICROCONTROLLER BASED T-JUNCTION TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROLLER

PROJECT TOPIC- CONSTRUCTION OF A MICROCONTROLLER BASED T-JUNCTION TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROLLER ABSTRACT

T-junction traffic light controller is such a device that will play a significant role in controlling traffic at junctions, to ease the expected increased rush at such junctions and reduce to minimum disorderliness that may arise, as well as allowing the pedestrians a right of the way at…

[viva64]

Why embedded developers should use static code analysis

I decided to briefly highlight 3 reasons why static analysis tools for program code may be useful for embedded developers.

The first reason: no need to spend time on excruciating search for some specific errors

Static code analysis == cheapening the process of testing and device debugging. The earlier an error is detected, the less expensive it is to correct it. Static analysis allows to find bugs on the stage of writing the code, or at least during the night runs on the server. As a result, finding and correcting many of the errors is much cheaper.

Static analysis may be particularly useful when debugging embedded-systems. In such projects, developers deal not only with errors in programs, but also with errors in the device itself or with poor manufacturing layout (bad contact and etc.). As a result, the process of error detecting can be severely delayed because it is often not clear where to look for a bug. If a programmer supposes that code is written correctly, it can cause long searching involving designers and other colleagues, responsible for the hardware-part. So, it will be all the more unpleasant to return to the program code and finally discover a stupid typo. Stupendously inefficient consumption of time and efforts of a team. Sounds awesome, if a static analyzer finds such an error.

Here's such a situation that my friend once told me:

"Even still studying for master's degree, I started working in the company involved in customization of various small-scale devices. For example, automation of greenhouses or collecting information from sensors in the enterprise that nothing leaked or overheated nowhere.

I'm having another standard task which takes me just a couple of hours and I return it to two colleagues to firmware a device they created. Colleagues are surprised at how quickly everything was done, praising me, and I proudly declare, "Well, I'm kind of a professional in writing such things and generally everything is quite simple here". Colleagues leave with a flash drive where I recorded the binary file for microcontroller firmware.

And I forget about this task. There are other greater and more captivating challenges. Moreover, once they didn't come, then all is well.

But they came. But only a week later. Saying couldn't understand the matter. Tied themselves into knots. Our testing bench is not working. Rather, it works, but not quite as it should. We have already re-soldered it again and replaced the executive electromechanical parts. Does not work ... Maybe you'll have a look? May be, there is still something wrong in the program...

I open code and immediately see an error like this:

uchar A[3]; .... for (uchar i = 0; i != 4; i++)  average += A[i]; average /= 3;

I took another project as a base, and the code was written using a Copy-Paste method. In one place I forgot to replace 4 with 3. I was so ashamed that I made two people waste their working week".

The second reason: program updating is expensive, impossible or too late

Errors in embedded devices are extremely unpleasant that it is impossible or nearly impossible to fix them if the serial production started. If hundreds of thousands of washing machines have been already released and sent to shops, what should I do if in a certain mode, the machine is running inappropriately? Generally, it's a rhetorical question and here are two real options:

Forgive, forget and receive negative customer reviews on various sites, spoiling reputation. You can, of course, release and send application instructions "not to do so", but it's also a weak option.

Withdraw the series and do a firmware update. Costly affair.

Moreover, regardless whether the circulation is large or small, bugs fixing may be problematic or too late. The rocket fell, the error was detected, but too late. The patients died, the error was detected, but it will not return people. Antimissile weapons system begins to overshoot, the error was found, but there is nothing pleasant in this story. Cars didn't brake, errors were found, but there is no good for injured.

The conclusion is very simple. Code of embedded devices should be tested as thoroughly as possible, especially if the errors can lead to victims or serious material losses.

Static code analysis doesn't guarantee the absence of errors in code. However, you must use every opportunity to additionally verify the correctness of code. Static analyzers can point at lots of different bugs that manage to stay in the code even after several Code-Reviews.

If in your device there will be less errors thanks to static analysis, it is amazing. Perhaps, thanks to detecting these very errors, no one will die, or the company won't lose big sums of money or reputation because of client complaints.

The third reason: a developer may not know that he's doing something wrong

Errors in programs can be figuratively divided into two types. A programmer knows about the errors of first type and they appear in code accidentally, inadvertently. Errors of the second type occur when the programmer simply doesn't know that you cannot write code this or that way. In other words, he can read such code as much as he wants, but still won't find the bug.

Static analyzers have a knowledge base about the various patterns that in certain conditions cause an error. Therefore, they may indicate an error to the programmer, the existence of which he himself would hardly have guessed. An example would be using a 32-bit type time_t, which may result in malfunction of the device after 2038.

Another example is undefined behavior, which occurs because of incorrect use of shift operators <</>>. These operators are very widely used in code of microcontrollers. Unfortunately, programmers often use these operators very negligently, making the program unreliable and dependent on the version and compiler settings. Yet the program may work, but not because it is written correctly, but due to luck.

By using a static analyzer, programmers can hedge themselves against many unpleasant situations. Additionally, the analyzer can be used to monitor the quality of code in general, which is actual, when the number of project participants increases or changes. In other words, the tool helps to track, whether a novice started to write bad code.

Conclusion

There is one more reason to necessarily use a static code analyzer. This is when the project must meet a certain standard of software development of the language, such as MISRA C. However, rather, it refers to administrative measures, and is a bit away from the topic.

I wanted to show that the use of static analyzer is uniquely appropriate for any embedded project. Use this method and you will be able to:

Reduce time for searching and fixing bugs (example);

Reduce the likelihood of critical bugs;

Reduce the likelihood of necessity to update the firmware;

Monitor the overall code quality (we recommend to additionally look towards SonarQube);

Control the quality of the work of the new team members;

Monitor code quality of third-party modules/libraries.

There are no reasons not to use static code analysis, except laziness and illusion of superiority.

Use static code analyzers! There are a lot of them.

Surely, we offer to pay attention to our PVS-Studio code analyzer, which has recently started to support a number of ARM-compilers.

[digitalconvo]

IoT Sensors Market Analysis, Revenue, Price, Share, Growth Rate, Forecast 2028

Global IoT Sensors Market: Snapshot

IoT is a system that is implanted with sensors, connectivity to network, gadgets and programming empowering physical items to gather and trade the information. Sensors in IoT play an indispensable role in estimating the physical nature of items and list it into an esteem which is additionally perused by another gadget or client. IoT sensors allude to the sensors utilized in keen applications, which require network, constant analysis, and regular interfacing stage for gathering and breaking down information. It is a processing idea where each physical protest is associated with the web, and every such question can speak with one another.

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The IoT sensor advertise is flourishing with different kinds of sensors associated with gadgets and individuals, which empowers a two-way correspondence process among man and machine. There are different end-utilize businesses where IoT sensors are sent to encourage this two way correspondence and for social event information. As IoT ascends to predominance, a sensor takes more dependable part, which generally, is intended to quantify a physical quality and list it into an esteem that can be perused by a client or another gadget. Yet, all sensors are not the equivalent and distinctive IoT applications require diverse kinds of sensors. For example, computerized sensors are direct and simple to interface with a microcontroller utilizing Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) transport. In any case, for simple sensors, either simple to-advanced converter (ADC) or Sigma-Delta modulator is utilized to change over the information into SPI yield.

Developing interest for consumer gadgets, for example, cell phones, shrewd TV, and keen home machines connected with IOT, legislatures of the few developing nations are inflowing into various open and private joint efforts for the extension of its cloud benefits through its information and IoT focus advancements, developing IoT applications in the car and modern markets are a few elements, which are required to push interest for IOT sensors over the coming years.

Global IoT Sensors Market: Overview

The global internet of things (IoT) sensors market is anticipated to see expansion with the growing significance of real-time computing for IoT applications. The advent of internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) and higher demand for wearable and connected devices could push the growth of the market during the course of the forecast period 2018-2028. On the other hand, improved application of sensors in IoT devices due to technological developments, plummeting costs, and reduction in size is predicted to strongly support market growth. Rise in internet penetration and introduction of 3GPP Releases 13 and 14 specifications could also contribute to the market in a positive way.

Global IoT Sensors Market: Trends and Opportunities

There are different types of IoT sensors available on the market, viz. inertial, image, accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer, humidity, temperature, and pressure, which exhibit their own rates of demand depending on their requirement. However, amongst these, gyroscopes could show higher growth rate in the coming years. This could be due to the swelling demand for equipment optimized with sensors used in satellite positioning, navigation, and other applications. The demand for gyroscopes could increase on the back of the rising adoption of automation in a number of industries and the massive requirement of remotely operated vehicle guidance.

Amongst network technologies, wireless is expected to gain a whole lot of traction in the global IoT sensors market. There is a strong requirement of more robust internet connection created with the swelling demand for wireless data from smart grids, connected cars, and mobile devices. The adoption of wireless network technology is projected to increase while riding on lower installation and maintenance costs and the rising adoption of cloud platforms.

Global IoT Sensors Market: Market Potential

Leading equipment breakdown and technology insurer, Hartford Steam Boiler (HSB) has announced its next-gen IoT sensors and software to connect facilities and equipment via IoT. The sensors use proprietary algorithms to improve performance and avoid loss and are delivered to commercial customers in a simple kit. The HSB Sensor Systems service provides all the software and hardware required to issue alerts when changes suggest trouble, analyze data, and monitor conditions 24/7. It acts as an early warning system for religious groups, schools, building owners, and other entities.

Low-power wide-area networks wireless technology, LoRaWAN is used in the new set of HSB sensors. It can communicate through building floors and walls and offers extended range to connect dispersed facilities and equipment. Instead of Wi-Fi systems, the technology makes use of cellular systems.

Global IoT Sensors Market: Regional Analysis

On the geographical front, the global IoT sensors market is foreseen to witness the rise of North America in the foreseeable future. In 2018, the region held a stronger share of the market. The growth of the regional market could stem from the increasing adoption of wireless sensors in consumer electronics, oil and gas, healthcare, automotive and transportation, and industrial sectors and industries.

North America could be overtaken by Asia Pacific by the end of the forecast tenure while growing at a higher CAGR. Factors such as enhanced IT infrastructure, improving disposable income, wide consumer base, and increasing internet penetration in residential as well as commercial spaces are envisaged to support the growth of the market in Asia Pacific.

Global IoT Sensors Market: Companies Mentioned

The global IoT sensors market marks the presence of top players such as STMicroelectronics, NXP Semiconductors, Broadcom, TE Connectivity, and Texas Instruments.

Global IoT Sensors Market: Sensor

Temperature Sensors

Pressure Sensors

Humidity Sensors

Flow Sensors

Accelerometers

Magnetometers

Gyroscopes

Inertial Sensors

Image Sensors

Touch Sensors

Proximity Sensors

Acoustic Sensors

Motion Sensors

Occupancy Sensors

Co2 Sensors

Light Sensors and Radar Sensors

Image Processing Occupancy Sensors (IPOS)

Intelligent Occupancy Sensors (IOS)

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Global IoT Sensors Market: Network Technology

Wired

Wireless

KNX

LonWorks

Ethernet

Modbus

Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI)

Wi-Fi

Bluetooth

Zigbee

Z-Wave

NFC

RFID

EnOcean

Thread

6LoWPAN

WirelessHART

Process Field Bus (PROFIBUS)

DECT ULE

ANT+, ISA100, GPS, Sub-Gig, and Cellular

Bluetooth Smart

Wi-Fi/Bluetooth Smart

Bluetooth Smart/Ant+

Bluetooth 5

Global IoT Sensors Market: Vertical

Consumer

Commercial

Industrial

Home Automation

Smart City

Wearable Electronics

Consumer Devices

Consumer Appliances

Smart TVs

Smart Locks

Smoke Detectors

Home Theater Projectors

Next-Gen Gaming Consoles

Set-Top Boxes

Smart Washing Machines

Smart Dryers

Smart Refrigerators

Smart Ovens

Smart Cooktops

Smart Cookers

Smart Deep Freezers

Smart Dishwashers

Smart Coffee Makers

Smart Kettles

Traffic Management

Water Management

Waste Management

Smart Parking

Smart Lighting

Consumer Application

Healthcare Application

Industrial Application

Retail

Aerospace and Defense

Logistics and Supply Chain

Entertainment

Financial Institutes

Corporate Offices

Advertising and Marketing

Digital Signage

Energy Optimization

Intelligent Payment Solution

Real-time/Streaming Analytics

Resource Management

Safety and Security

Smart Shelf and Smart Doors

Smart Vending Machine

Drones/Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)

Predictive Maintenance

Energy

Industrial Automation

Transportation

Modes of Transportation

Types of Transportation Application

Healthcare

Smart Agriculture

Roadways

Railways

Airways

Maritime

Predictive Analysis

Telematics

Infotainment

Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS)

In-Vehicle (In-V)

Vehicle-To-Vehicle (V2V)

Vehicle-To-Infrastructure (V2I)

Telemedicine

Clinical Operations and Workflow Management

Connected Imaging

Inpatient Monitoring

Medication Management

Precision Farming

Livestock Monitoring

Fish Farming

Smart Greenhouse

Global IoT Sensors Market: Region

North America

Europe

Asia Pacific (APAC)

Rest of the World

U.S.

Canada

Mexico

Germany

U.K.

France

Italy

Spain

Rest of Europe

China

Japan

South Korea

India

Australia

Rest of APAC

Middle East and Africa

South America

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This tiny, laser-powered RoboFly could sniff out forest fires and gas leaks

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This tiny, laser-powered RoboFly could sniff out forest fires and gas leaks

This is one flying insect you don’t want to swat. It doesn’t bite, sting, or spread disease and someday it could be a life- and climate-saver. In time, it could survey crops, detect wildfires, poke around in disaster rubble searching for survivors and sniff out gas leaks, especially global warming-fueling methane, a powerful greenhouse gas many times more potent than carbon dioxide.

Introducing…RoboFly!

It’s the first robotic flying insect that lifts off without being tethered to a power source on the ground, weighs just a bit more than a toothpick, and takes off using tiny beating wings — not propellers, as drones do — driven by a laser beam. A minuscule onboard circuit turns the laser energy into electricity, which causes its wings to flap.

Right now, RoboFly can only take off and land — but cutting the cord is just the beginning. “Before now, the concept of wireless insect-sized flying robots was science fiction,” says Sawyer Fuller, assistant professor in the University of Washington’s department of mechanical engineering and one of its creators. “Our new wireless RoboFly shows they’re much closer to real life.”

The researchers presented their findings at the recent International Conference on Robotics and Automation in Brisbane.

Ultimately, the scientists believe their invention will have the ability to hover, perch on things, and fly around by steering the laser, or possibly by adding tiny batteries or culling energy from radio frequency signals. The goal is to direct it into performing specific tasks, such as surveying crop growth and detecting gas leaks. They even think it might be possible to equip them with smoke detectors so they can find forest fires more rapidly than larger robots.

“Studies have suggested that natural gas — methane — leakage may be so prevalent that it may actually be a worse greenhouse gas emitter per unit energy than coal,” Fuller says. “This is because natural gas has a much greater deleterious greenhouse gas effect than the carbon dioxide that results from burning carbon-based fuel. My hope is that creating a technology that makes it convenient to find leaks will help them be patched up.”

The scenario would work like this:

“You will be able to buy a small container of these little fly robots, open it up, and they will, all on their own, fly out and follow plumes in the air to find leaks,” Fuller explains. “Once they have found one, they will land near it and start flashing a light. A human would then just need to look around to see where the leaks are. This would replace the painstaking and dangerous process of covering the area with a gas sensor by hand, which is how it is done now.”

The level of autonomy needed to do this is still a few years off, he says. “That said, I think it is going to be very possible,” Fuller says. “Nature has proven that it is possible in any number of species, from flies to vultures, to use the information carried in a chemical plume in the air to find its source.”

The device also could have valuable agricultural uses, “flying down in the plant canopy, looking for disease and measuring parameters like humidity, with much finer detail than is possible with overhead drones, enabling a new sort of ‘micro agriculture,’ that could locally tailor the environment to optimize yields,” Fuller says.

Thus, he says releasing the bug from its leash “was really a necessary step to enable them to fly freely and perform the applications we envision.”

Perching — staying aloft in the air with buzzing or flapping, landing and staying there — is another goal. “Perching is something we’re interested in because that’s a very efficient way to operate for a long time, and it has already been demonstrated on the RoboBee, which still had a wire at that point,” says Johannes James, a mechanical engineering doctoral student and member of the team. “We’ve already started there.”

Robotic flies could alight on supports along a pipeline, or in a refining facility, for example, and perform long-term sensing along the length of the pipes, and then move elsewhere to collect more data, according to James. Also, since fluttering the wings eats up power, the ability to stay in one place without flapping would save energy.

“This distributed sensing kind of operation gives you some big advantages over a single expensive robot for applications like finding hard-to-detect leaks,” he says. “The ability to perch or move along the ground would help this by allowing them to operate longer.”

The team used a narrow, invisible laser beam to power the insect, pointing it at photovoltaic cells attached above the robot, which converted the laser light into electricity. But the laser alone can’t produce voltage strong enough to get the wings moving, so the scientists also designed a circuit to boost the voltage coming out of the cell enough to power flight. Eventually, the team hopes to use batteries as an energy source, “but for now they are too heavy for fly-sized robots.”

“Future work, as far as power solutions, will include aiming the laser for sustained flight, gathering energy from ambient light levels for short flights and then recharging; and a third, which really excites me, is wireless power through coupled coils, somewhat along the lines of Nikola Tesla’s Wardenclyffe and Colorado Springs projects,” James adds. “The third is hard to explain, but is certainly cool.”

The scientists also placed a microcontroller in the insect’s circuit that acts like a brain, telling the wings when to fire.

James points out that robotic critters might even enhance scientists’ knowledge of real world bugs.

“We still don’t understand very well how flying insects work,” he said. “In fact, they’re amazing when you think about it. That’s where the RoboFly can lend a hand. Robots are very valuable to biological research, and developing a wireless RoboFly is a crucial step to understanding the behavior of actual insects.”

Marlene Cimons writes for Nexus Media, a syndicated newswire covering climate, energy, policy, art and culture.

Written By Marlene Cimons