#non-sequential chapter 17

[justiceiswater]

I want so badly for them to be ok, to get through this and be together forever and live happily ever after.

but i also want her to climb the bucky tree. just once lol. its the chaos in me. and i think theyd have a great time!

Non-Sequential [Ch. 17]

Pairing: Pre-Serum Steve Rogers/Steve Rogers x Reader

One night, Steve Rogers met a beautiful dame named Y/N. He hadn’t intended on letting her get away. But fate had other ideas. Y/N appeared and disappeared in his life so hauntingly that Steve started to wonder if she was an angel meant to watch over him.

Word Count: 3,400

Chapter 16

“She hates me,” Steve whispered the moment they were alone.

Bucky sighed.

Before calling Steve, Bucky hadn’t realized his actions would put him between Y/N and his best friend. He wanted to be there for both of them. Except he couldn’t side with Steve when he had been a complete and utter idiot. And he had no problem saying that to the punk, either.

“You know Steve…” Bucky sighed again. “You got pumped full of glorified steroids that made you grow a foot and gain over a hundred pounds.” Then he shook his head. “But it clearly didn’t do a thing to that head of yours, because you’re still shit with women.”

Despite the truth behind the insult, Steve still glared at Bucky.

“Thanks. Real helpful.”

Keep reading

[ltworld]

Revelation, Coronavirus, and the Mark of the Beast: How Should Christians Read the Bible’s Most Fascinating Book? Part 1

Kevin DeYoung

Whenever there is a cataclysmic global crisis—be it war, rumors of war, or a novel coronavirus—we see a sharp uptick of interest in the book of Revelation. While paying attention to the Bible is always a good thing, Revelation is too often used (by Christians and non-Christians) in a way that does less to edify the body of Christ and more to stoke the fires of wild speculation and unfounded conspiracy theories.

It may be helpful, then, to understand what kind of book Revelation is and how to make sense of imagery like the mark of the beast. We’ll get to the mark of the beast in the third and final installment of this short series. But before we get there I want to take a couple posts to look at what Revelation is all about and how we should interpret this not-as-strange-as-it-seems book.

Big Picture

Probably no book of the Bible has been harder for Christians to understand and, as a result, produced more bizarre theology than the book of Revelation. Although it is called “revelation,” it has been anything but a revelation for many Christians. It is a closed book for many of us, not correcting, not teaching, not rebuking, not training in righteousness like all Scripture should.

I remember teaching through part of Revelation for a Sunday school class several years ago and telling my mom about it over the phone. She said something like, “Kevin, you’re not going act like you have everything figured out are you? John Calvin didn’t even write a commentary on Revelation. You don’t know more than John Calvin, do you?” It is true that Calvin did not write a commentary on Revelation (one of the few books he didn’t write on), and it’s true that I don’t have everything figured out. But most of Revelation can be understood and applied if we will take the time to study it.

In fact, the entire book of Revelation can be summed up in one word: nike. Nike is the Greek word for victory. It occurs one time in the New Testament—1 John 5:4 states, “This is the victory that has overcome the world, even our faith.” Another form of the word (nikos) appears four other times, three times in 1 Corinthians 15 (e.g., “Death has been swallowed up in victory;” “He gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ”). The verb form, nikao (meaning to conquer, to overcome, to triumph), occurs more frequently—28 times. Seventeen of those occurrences, more than in the rest of the New Testament combined, are in Revelation.

Revelation is the story of the Devil trying to conquer the church, but the church overcomes the Devil and the world because she belongs to the Lord who has won for us the victory (Rev. 5:5; 17:14). The book of Revelation gives instruction for the believer on how to conquer instead of being conquered, how to triumph instead of being trampled, and how to be an overcomer instead of a succumber. That’s why each of the seven letters to the seven churches concludes with “to the one who conquers . . .” If we cave and give in to persecution and give into worldliness and give into the Devil’s temptations, we will lose. But if we overcome through trial and suffering and seeming irrelevance, we will win (Rev. 21:6-7). That’s where history is heading, and that’s the big idea of Revelation.

(Possible) Map for the (Seeming) Madness

There is no one inspired way to understand the structure of Revelation. When studying this book in-depth several years ago, I found 11 different outlines, which suggests there probably isn’t one obvious structure we’re supposed to see.

One simple approach is to see Revelation as divided into two main sections. Chapters 1-11 introduce the story of God’s triumph, and chapters 12-22 explain the story in greater detail, this time unveiling in more depth the role of evil through the beast, the false prophet, and the whore of Babylon.

Another way of approaching the book is to divide it into four main sections, each marked off by the phrase “what must soon take place” or “what must take place after this.”

Rev. 1:1 The revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave him to show his servants the things that must soon take place.

Rev. 1:19 Write therefore the things that you have seen, those that are and those that are to take place after this.

Rev. 4:1 “Come up here, and I will show you what must take place after this.”

Rev. 22:6 “And the Lord, the God of the spirits of the prophets, has sent his angel to show his servants what must soon take place.”

The language in these four passages comes from Daniel 2 and indicates that Old Testament prophecy is already and not yet completed in Revelation.

There’s another way to outline the book into four main sections. This approach marks out the times John says he was caught up in the Spirit.

Rev. 1:10 I was in the Spirit on the Lord’s Day, and I heard behind me a loud voice like a trumpet.

Rev. 4:2 At once I was in the Spirit, and behold, a throne stood in heaven, with one seated on the throne.

Rev. 17:3 And he carried me away in the Spirit into a wilderness.

Rev. 21:10 And he carried me away in the Spirit to a great, high mountain, and showed me the holy city Jerusalem coming down out of heaven from God.

By this reckoning, Revelation consists of four main visions that John saw while he was in the Spirit on four different occasions.

Yet one more way of approaching the book—and the approaches are not mutually exclusive—is to look for sets of sevens. Everyone recognizes that seven is a crucial number in Revelation, and that there are at least four sets of sevens: seven letters, seven seals, seven trumpets, and seven bowls. This much everyone agrees on. But from here things get less clear. Since there are plainly at least four sets of sevens, many scholars have wondered if we are meant to see seven sets of sevens. I am convinced there are seven sets of sevens, but I certainly wouldn’t be dogmatic about it. My outline, which is similar to outlines I’ve seen from others, looks like this:

Prologue: 1:1-8 I. Seven letters: 1:9-3:22 II. Seven seals: 4:1-8:5 III. Seven trumpets: 8:6-11:19 IV. Seven visions: 12:1-15:4 V. Seven bowls: 15:5-16:21 VI. Seven judgments: 17:1-19:10 VII. Seven last things: 19:11-21:8 VIII. The beautiful bride: 21:9-22:21

You’ll notice there is an eighth section that is not a set of seven. An eighth section makes sense because eight is often the number of new creation in the Bible (Jesus rose on the eighth day/first day of a new week, eight people started the new humanity after the flood, sons were to be circumcised on the eighth day), and this eighth section is about the new heavens and new earth. But there is nothing inspired about the outline above. It’s just one way of making the book more manageable and putting together some possible patterns with some obvious ones.

Our Interpretive Lens

The last thing I want to do in this post is look at the various ways Christians have understood Revelation. There are four main schools of thought.

The first school of interpretation is called preterism. The preterist approach teaches that a large portion of the book of Revelation was fulfilled in the first century, specifically in the destruction of the temple in AD 70. Further, most of the prophecies in Revelation were fulfilled by the fall of the Roman Empire in the fifth century.

The strength of the preterist school is that it puts Revelation in its original context. Revelation was written to first-century Christians with first-century metaphors and imagery and referents. If we jump to the 21st century and ask, “What does this mean for me?,” we will almost surely get the wrong answer. We have to first ask, “What did this mean to them, to John’s original audience?”

Preterism is not without weaknesses. First, some preterists try to find a single, specific fulfillment to the prophecies of Revelation when it seems more likely that John’s visions often portray generalized spiritual battles and struggles that occur throughout the ages. Second, full-blown preterists argue that all of the end-time events, like the second coming and the last judgment, actually were fulfilled by AD 70. This does not seem in keeping with the cataclysmic language used at the end of each sequence.

The second school of interpretation is called historicism. The historicist reads Revelation as a straightforward, sequential roadmap of history. Revelation is seen as predicting any number of key historical figures and events from Napoleon to Hitler to the European Union to the United Nations.

The strength of historicism is that it makes Revelation relevant for all Christians. It focuses our attention not on the fall of the temple or on the Roman Empire but on the way of the church in the world.

But besides this strong point, historicism is the worst way to try to understand Revelation. It is full of weaknesses. Let me quickly mention just four.

First, historicism is often anachronistic and takes Revelation out of its original context. I am thinking of those who argued that the country out of the north (from Daniel, not Revelation) must be Russia, or that the locust swarm from Revelation 9 is foretelling a helicopter battalion. These sorts of interpretations completely ignore the imagery of ancient prophecy and the context of the first century.

Second, historicism, with its end-of-the-world predictions and identifications of the beast, has often been demonstrably wrong. During the cold war, people saw Russia in Revelation. A decade ago they saw Iraq. Now they see the coronavirus. In a few years, they will be on to something else. Historicists tend to see Revelation being fulfilled in whatever crisis is pertinent for the day. And then on another day, another group of historicists see that view was wrong and find something completely different.

Third, historicism limits the prophecies of Revelation to one exclusive location or personality instead of allowing that the imagery of Revelation may be well suited to an inclusive number of different figures and times. That is, I think historicists are right to see Revelation unfolding in history, but they are wrong to think that Revelation is uniquely unfolding in one historical moment.

Fourth, historicism is irreducibly subjective. There is simply no objective standard of interpretation. Who’s to say that Hitler was more the beast than Stalin? Or that 666 is a reference to Bill Clinton (as one website I found argues)? Or, as another article maintains, that Ronald Wilson Reagan (six letters in each of his names!) was the beast? It’s all hopelessly subjective. The text ends up saying anything we want it to.

The third school of interpretation is futurism. The futurist reads Revelation (chs. 4-22) as a prophecy solely concerned with the distant future. The events depicted refer to the time involving, or immediately preceding, the end of history. Dispensationalists are futurists (though not all futurists are dispensationalists).

The strength of futurism is that it emphasizes how Revelation speaks to the future, not just about the past. Futurism is right to see that some things in Revelation deal with the final consummation of human history. Futurists are also right to see that the future is moving somewhere, toward the triumph of the Lamb.

But futurism also has weaknesses.

First, if Revelation 4-22 is entirely and only about the distant future, then most of Revelation was barely relevant to its original readers. Sure, it would have helped them see the end of the world, but it really spoke little into their immediate context (when John says Revelation revealed “what must soon take place”).

Second, futurism often assumes a strict sequential chronology. And yet, we cannot assume that what is shown to us in chapter 12 comes in time after what we see in chapter 6. To the contrary, one of the keys to interpreting Revelation is to understand that its visions are recapitulated. So, Revelation gives us a sweep through history in the seven seals, and then does the sweep again in the seven bowls. Revelation comprises overlapping prophecies that go back and forth between the present and the future and are not strictly chronological.

Don’t think of the visions of Revelation as frames from a movie reel running through the light one after the other. Think of the visions as portraits in a gallery. You look at one portrait and get a glimpse of reality, and then you look at the next portrait, and then you walk over to the next room and look at the portraits over there. They are pictures telling the same story and pointing to the same reality, but they aren’t sequential clips from a movie.

The fourth school of interpretation is idealism. The idealist reads Revelation as a symbolic conflict between the forces of good and evil. Revelation, idealists argue, does not point to particular historical figures but depicts the timeless struggle between God and Satan. It interprets Revelation as a series of repeated symbolic pictures, focusing on the church’s triumphant struggle from the first century until the last judgment and the eternal state.

The strength of idealism is that is understands the symbolic nature of Revelation. It realizes that Revelation’s imagery is rooted first in Old Testament language and second in the known world of the first century. The other strength is that it sees behind the first-century context deeper spiritual realities that would outlive and transcend ancient Rome and remain relevant for believers throughout the ages.

The weakness of idealism is that it can at times under-emphasize the fact that all of history is moving somewhere. That is, idealism sometimes sounds vague, as if there were no end point in history as we know it, as if Revelation was just about the struggle between good and evil and not also about the ultimate triumph of Jesus Christ.

Interpret the Book

So what approach do I think helps us best understand Revelation? I think each approach offers something needed. This doesn’t mean that I think every approach is good or that one is not better than another (I’m basically an idealist with a partial preterist bent). But each school of interpretation does offer something important.

With the preterist, we must read Revelation in its immediate context.

With the idealist, we must look at Revelation as a symbolic portrayal of God’s work, most of which can be applied to any historical time.

With the futurist, we must read Revelation with end of history in mind, recognizing that the book depicts, in parts, the second coming, the final judgment, and the eternal state.

And with the historicist, we must understand that the prophecies of Revelation, though they are not limited to one particular occurrence, are fulfilled in time and space.

The best way to defend one’s interpretive grid is to actually interpret the book. But since this is a three-part blog series and not a 50-part sermon series, we will have to settle for just one more post on the subject. In the first three verses, John makes clear that this book is an apocalypse, a prophecy, and a letter. Once we know what each of the terms entail, we will be better equipped to understand the book as a whole and specific imagery like the mark of the beast.

Note: This post was first published through The Gospel Coalition website.

[banyaro-eng]

[Event & Scenario] “Episode of Avalon #1.5 Shattered Twin Crystals” START

Chapter 2 of Season 1.5! Fairy April is focusing on producing new songs after joining Avalon. Suddenly, there's some news about Crystal Cross and Judas Kiss...? Join Fairy April and save Crystal Cross from this crisis!

Details

▼ Release Date: 2018/01/15 (Mon) 17:00JST ~ onwards

Part 1.5 of the “Episode of Avalon #1.5 Shattered Twin Crystals” will start! Chapter 2 will focus on Fairy April.

▼ Access Condition

Must clear the final chapter in “Episode of Avalon #1.5 Voyager of the New World.”

How To Participate

You can access Part 1.5 from the banner on the home screen as long as the condition of clearing the final chapter in “Episode of Avalon #1.5 Voyager of the New World” has been satisfied.

※ Although there is no deadline, you may only receive the Clear Reward once.

How To Play

Get “Crystals” by playing songs from different Areas listed in the Event Page. Choose the Area you want to play in and either clear the story and/or win the Duel Gig of each stage to proceed to the next stage.

You can exchange the “Crystals” for the limited edition reward card via the Shop’s “Item Exchange” section. [more info.]

You can access the event scenarios via the new section, “Episode Of Avalon” from the Stories Tab.

Event Stage Schedule

The Area Stages for “Episode of Avalon #1.5 Shattered Twin Crystals” will be released sequentially from 2017/12/30(Sat) 00:00  JST. The new stages will be released at a schedule:

01/15(Mon) 17:00~・Shattered Crystal 01/17(Wed) 00:00~・Reason 01/19(Fri) 00:00~・Brothers 01/21(Sun) 00:00~・Regret 01/23(Tue) 00:00~・Lost Dream 01/25(Thu) 00:00~・Before the Storm 01/27(Sat) 00:00~・Truth 01/29(Mon) 00:00~・Epilogue

Past Event Scenario Limited Time Rerun

Scenarios of the events leading up to the scenario for Part 1.5 will have a re-run for a limited time only. Unopened scenarios will be available for reading during the following period:

▼ Duration: 2018/01/15 (Mon) 17:00 JST ~ 2018/01/30 (Mon) 12:59 JST

※ You can access the event scenarios from the “Story” tab → “Event Scenario” but will not be able to receive any reward upon clearing.

The target Event Scenario are as follows:

Advent of the Quattro Virtuoso GIGS ー Dante of the Purgatory

Anniversary GIGS ー Dreamin’ (untranslated)

On Board The Merry Christmas GIGS ー Dante is Coming To Town!

Event Reward Card

SR: Misato Toudou [The State of Loneliness]

Event Strategy

Using Fairy April members’ cards in Bands to use for LIVEs will improve overall performance.

“Shattered Twin Crystals” Limited Rare Gacha (Daily Rotation)

Duration: 2018/01/15(Mon) 17:00JST ~ 2018/01/31(Wed) 12:59JST

Line-up: EXR Yuu, EXR Show, SR Makoto Kurusu, SR Yukiho

※ SR Kurusu Makoto and SR Yukiho will be available throughout the duration of the gacha.

→ See here to read more on EXR Rarity

The gacha can use both Free and Paid Medals

It is possible to pull regular cards other than the Event limited gacha cards.

At least 1 SR or above card is guaranteed for every 10-pull

Signed cards will be discharged at a certain probability. Signs will only appear for SR cards and above and will be treated the same as non-signed, having the same stat and effects. You can admire the sign in various places.

Event limited cards might reappear during future events/campaigns.

“Shattered Twin Crystals”Rare Gacha Schedule

YUU ・1/15, 1/17, 1/19, 1/21, 1/23, 1/25, 1/27, 1/29, 1/31 SHOW ・1/16, 1/18, 1/20, 1/22, 1/24, 1/26, 1/28, 1/30

※ Please take note that the pick-up date will change at a daily basis

Featured New Cards

SSR Yuu [Create A World] Leader Skill: [Cross Drive α] Boosting all Member’s BEAT by 45% and LIFE by 15%. Additional 10% COMBO BONUS if a Show card is in the band. Main Skill: [A Ship About To Set Sail] 50% chance of activation upon 50 successful taps, increasing score by 5% for each BEAT card included in the band for 6 seconds.

“Forever You” Vocals: Tsubasa Yonaga (Yuu) Lyrics, Composition, Arrangement: Eiji Kawai

SSR Show [One Step Forward] Leader Skill: [Cross Drive Ω] Boosting COMBO BONUS by 45% and All member’s LIFE by 15%. Boosting all member’s BEAT by 20% if a Yuu card is in the band. Main Skill: [Wavering Heart] 50% chance of activation upon 50 successful taps, increasing score by 5% for each BEAT card included in the band for 6 seconds.

“Forever You” Vocals: Ayumu Murase (Show) Lyrics: Masamichi Nagai Composition, Arrangement: Kazuya Nishioka

SR Makoto Kurusu [Winter Gust] Leader Skill: [BEAT UP] All Member’s BEAT boosted by 30% Main Skill: [A Certain Winter’s Incident] 20% chance of activation upon 15 successful taps, boosting combo bonus by 16% for 4 seconds.

SR Yukiho [Snowflakes] Leader Skill: [ALL UP] All Member’s GROOVE/BEAT/MELODY boosted by 25% Main Skill: [救愛救愛Classics*] 20% chance of activation upon 15 successful taps, boosting combo bonus by 16% for 4 seconds.

※ Cards from this gacha are will have a max level of 90 for SSR and 75 for SR once Break.

You can check the in-game gacha/event page for more info.

*Yukiho’s card skill shall be amended as soon as I figure out what it means (rofl) If you have ideas, throw them at me.

[invisibleanonymousmonsters]

Non-Sequential // Masterlist

Pairing: Pre-Serum Steve Rogers/Steve Rogers x Reader

One night, Steve Rogers met a beautiful dame named Y/N. He hadn’t intended on letting her get away. But fate had other ideas. Y/N appeared and disappeared in his life so hauntingly that Steve started to wonder if she was an angel meant to watch over him. 

A/N: Inspired by the film The Time Traveler’s Wife. But not one of those fics that just literally rips off the whole movie and plugs in characters where they please. 

Prologue // Chapter 1 // Chapter 2 // Chapter 3 // Chapter 4 // Chapter 5 // Chapter 6 // Chapter 7 // Chapter 8 // Chapter 9 // Chapter 10 // Chapter 11 // Chapter 12 // Chapter 13 // Chapter 14 // Chapter 15 // Chapter 16 // Chapter 17 // Chapter 18 // Chapter 19 // Chapter 20 // Chapter 21 // Chapter 22 // Chapter 23 // Chapter 24 // Chapter 25 // Chapter 26 // Chapter 27 // Chapter 28 // Chapter 29 //

---

Non-Sequential Headcanons & Asks

I DO NOT DO TAGLISTS.

[bookpiofficial]

High Prevalence of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis and Other Vaginal Infections among Women in Tight Fitting Underwears: A Threat to Future Reproductive Function | Chapter 17 | Emerging Research in Medical Sciences Vol. 1

Background: Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) is a common infection of the female genital tract. It is estimated that about 75% of women will experience VVC infection at least once in their life-time, however, lifestyle habits have been implicated in the higher susceptibility to VVC infection in some women than others. The aim of this cross sectional study was to assess the effect of tight fitting and loose under-wears made of nylon and cotton on the prevalence of VVC and other vaginal infections among non-pregnant women in southern Nigeria.

Methodology: The study was carried out in seven health centers between January and July 2009 in Uyo Metropolis, Nigeria. One hundred and ninety one (76.4%) of the 250 participants who were selected by sequential randomization met the inclusion criteria and participated in the study. Self administered structured questionnaire was used to assess the regular pattern of dressing and associated gynaecological problems of participants for a year prior to the study period. Vaginal smear/swab was taken from each participant for microscopy, culture and sensitivity.

Results: Prevalences of VVC infection in women who regularly wear nylon tight synthetic pants (NTSP) and cotton tight cotton pants (CTCP) were 76.8% and 42.9% respectively. Incident vaginal symptoms in regular users of NTSP versus (vs) CTCP were as follows: Acute vaginal discharge (VD) 82.64% vs 25.7%, recurrent abnormal VD 25.7% vs 1.43%, green-yellow VD 10.7% vs 7.14%, yellow VD 7.43% vs 28.57%, acute vaginal itching 66.12% vs 21.43%, recurrent vaginal itching 6.61% vs 2.86%, and vaginal soreness 19% vs 2.86%. Proportions of women who regularly wear NTSP vs CTCP with positive cultures for different micro-organisms were as follows: Candida albicans 76.86% vs 42.80%, Trichomonas vaginalis 23.86% vs 17.14% and Neiseria gonorrhea 4.96% vs 2.86%.

Conclusion: Regular wearing of NTSP is associated with higher prevalence of VVC and other vaginal infections than regular wearing of CTCP.

Author(s) Details

Christopher E. Ekpenyong Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria.

Read full article: http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/view/75/944/713-1

View Volume: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/erms/v1

[cryysiswritesthings]

Flowers Grown in Darkness Desecrate You Masterlist

Series: Inuyasha Rating: Mature/NC-17 Warnings: Horror, Psychological Torture, Trauma, Implied/Referenced Torture, Rape, Parent/Child Incest, Obsession, Drugged Sex, Sexual Assault, Abuse, Non-Consensual Somnophilia Status: In Progress Pairing(s): KogKag (main), BanKag, Oni(gumo)Kag Summary: Horror is all she knows. Darkness is in his blood. She is the other half of his soul, and his calls for her echo long into the night.

Find it On: Tumblr | AO3

Tumblr Tags: #kogkag #bankag #onikag #inuyasha #beneath the darkness #btd chapter #flowers desecrate series

Made Things 

Kouga Moodboard Kagome Moodboard Bankotsu Moodboard

Series: Inuyasha Rating: Mature/NC-17 Warnings: Psychological Torture, Rape, Parent/Child Incest, Obsession, Drugged Sex, Sexual Assault, Abuse, Non-Consensual Somnophilia, Love/Hate, Forced Orgasm, Forced Relationship Status: In Progress Pairing(s): BanKag (main), Oni(gumo)Kag Summary: Memory is often riddled with pain. A non-sequential series of timestamps that take place during Kagome’s life at the casle.

Find it On: Tumblr | AO3

Tumblr Tags: #kogkag #bankag #onikag #inuyasha #no shelter but me #nsbm chapter #flowers desecrate series

Made Things

Kagome Moodboard Bankotsu Moodboard 

[marcelinofry14-blog]

How To Use Mp3 Cutter On Android Smartphone? ~ My Phone Factor Weblog

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[teacupinthebooknook]

3/5 ⭐The Other Mrs Walker by Mary Paulson-Ellis

Margaret Penny, the protagonist of this book, is a very dysfunctional person. Running away from her single mother at 17, taking a breakup less than gracefully, stealing, lying and the list could probably go on. When she has to run from things she's done in London, the only place she can go is Edinburgh, where her estranged mother, Barbara lives. Here Margaret gets a new job at the Office for Lost People and she's tasked with tracking down the family of a Mrs Walker who's died alone on a cold Christmas night. This journey will reveal a lot more than just Mrs Walker's life and it will shed some light on Margaret's own history. The story describes both Margaret's quest to find out as much as she can about Mrs Walker, as well as another storyline where we get to know the Walker family a lot better and finally understand how and why the two plot lines are connected. This premise, I have to tell you, is very fascinating. I was immediately interested as soon as I read the blurb. Who wouldn't want to hear about mysterious lives of people you have never known? Well, I was ready for the journey! What I WASN'T ready for is the way this book was written. Margaret's story in 2011 is written mostly chronologically, while the other one, the one in the past, is not. This made following what was happening quite difficult, especially when I came back to reading after weeks of not opening the book. One chapter is from 1929, then 2011, then 1935, then 2011, then 1933, then 2011, then 1937 and so on. As you can see, we're jumping from one point in time to another, and even that is not in a linear order. And then the language... The book is full of similes and metaphors and repetitions for dramatic effect, and many things are left rather vague. At points I desperately wished for an additional sentence or two that would have clarified things! Of course, since the story is well thought-out, there's a twist or two which makes the ending especially frustrating because the final "revelation" of who Mrs Walker is is not spelled out. You can guess it easily, all the crumbs of information are given to you, but the author never confirms your belief. All in all, if you're okay with non-sequential time jumps, miserable and disturbed/disturbing characters, not a hint of joy in people's lives, lies, darkness and vague descriptions, this book is a treat. It hooks you in, it keeps you guessing and you want to know everything about Margaret Penny and Mrs Walker and how their lives are intertwined. Personally, I prefer a bit more clarity and linearity but the story itself was right up my alley.

[dfroza]

the underlying theme of the letters from my heart

focuses on marriage, in seeking to find the heart of a girl to befriend. yet, even so, with nothing forced to be. and no fear at all. because there is no fear in Love.

and marriage is the topic of Today’s chapter reading of the Scriptures with the paired chapters of 1st Corinthians 7 and Zechariah 6 as a daily chapter from each Testament in my personal reading from the books and letters of the Bible in sequential order, with the exception of Psalms and Proverbs read from daily as well. with Today’s Psalms being 28, 8, 62 and Proverbs 28 for december 28, simultaneously the 8th day of Winter and day 362 of the year, now in ‘17

to conclude yesterday’s chapter 6 from 1st Corinthians which related to becoming “One” by the sexual union with another:

[1st Corinthians 7]

To Be Married, to Be Single …

Now, getting down to the questions you asked in your letter to me. First, Is it a good thing to have sexual relations?

Certainly—but only within a certain context. It’s good for a man to have a wife, and for a woman to have a husband. Sexual drives are strong, but marriage is strong enough to contain them and provide for a balanced and fulfilling sexual life in a world of sexual disorder. The marriage bed must be a place of mutuality—the husband seeking to satisfy his wife, the wife seeking to satisfy her husband. Marriage is not a place to “stand up for your rights.” Marriage is a decision to serve the other, whether in bed or out. Abstaining from sex is permissible for a period of time if you both agree to it, and if it’s for the purposes of prayer and fasting—but only for such times. Then come back together again. Satan has an ingenious way of tempting us when we least expect it. I’m not, understand, commanding these periods of abstinence—only providing my best counsel if you should choose them.

Sometimes I wish everyone were single like me—a simpler life in many ways! But celibacy is not for everyone any more than marriage is. God gives the gift of the single life to some, the gift of the married life to others.

I do, though, tell the unmarried and widows that singleness might well be the best thing for them, as it has been for me. But if they can’t manage their desires and emotions, they should by all means go ahead and get married. The difficulties of marriage are preferable by far to a sexually tortured life as a single.

And if you are married, stay married. This is the Master’s command, not mine. If a wife should leave her husband, she must either remain single or else come back and make things right with him. And a husband has no right to get rid of his wife.

For the rest of you who are in mixed marriages—Christian married to non-Christian—we have no explicit command from the Master. So this is what you must do. If you are a man with a wife who is not a believer but who still wants to live with you, hold on to her. If you are a woman with a husband who is not a believer but he wants to live with you, hold on to him. The unbelieving husband shares to an extent in the holiness of his wife, and the unbelieving wife is likewise touched by the holiness of her husband. Otherwise, your children would be left out; as it is, they also are included in the spiritual purposes of God.

On the other hand, if the unbelieving spouse walks out, you’ve got to let him or her go. You don’t have to hold on desperately. God has called us to make the best of it, as peacefully as we can. You never know, wife: The way you handle this might bring your husband not only back to you but to God. You never know, husband: The way you handle this might bring your wife not only back to you but to God.

And don’t be wishing you were someplace else or with someone else. Where you are right now is God’s place for you. Live and obey and love and believe right there. God, not your marital status, defines your life. Don’t think I’m being harder on you than on the others. I give this same counsel in all the churches.

Were you Jewish at the time God called you? Don’t try to remove the evidence. Were you non-Jewish at the time of your call? Don’t become a Jew. Being Jewish isn’t the point. The really important thing is obeying God’s call, following his commands.

Stay where you were when God called your name. Were you a slave? Slavery is no roadblock to obeying and believing. I don’t mean you’re stuck and can’t leave. If you have a chance at freedom, go ahead and take it. I’m simply trying to point out that under your new Master you’re going to experience a marvelous freedom you would never have dreamed of. On the other hand, if you were free when Christ called you, you’ll experience a delightful “enslavement to God” you would never have dreamed of.

All of you, slave and free both, were once held hostage in a sinful society. Then a huge sum was paid out for your ransom. So please don’t, out of old habit, slip back into being or doing what everyone else tells you. Friends, stay where you were called to be. God is there. Hold the high ground with him at your side.

The Master did not give explicit direction regarding virgins, but as one much experienced in the mercy of the Master and loyal to him all the way, you can trust my counsel. Because of the current pressures on us from all sides, I think it would probably be best to stay just as you are. Are you married? Stay married. Are you unmarried? Don’t get married. But there’s certainly no sin in getting married, whether you’re a virgin or not. All I am saying is that when you marry, you take on additional stress in an already stressful time, and I want to spare you if possible.

I do want to point out, friends, that time is of the essence. There is no time to waste, so don’t complicate your lives unnecessarily. Keep it simple—in marriage, grief, joy, whatever. Even in ordinary things—your daily routines of shopping, and so on. Deal as sparingly as possible with the things the world thrusts on you. This world as you see it is on its way out.

I want you to live as free of complications as possible. When you’re unmarried, you’re free to concentrate on simply pleasing the Master. Marriage involves you in all the nuts and bolts of domestic life and in wanting to please your spouse, leading to so many more demands on your attention. The time and energy that married people spend on caring for and nurturing each other, the unmarried can spend in becoming whole and holy instruments of God. I’m trying to be helpful and make it as easy as possible for you, not make things harder. All I want is for you to be able to develop a way of life in which you can spend plenty of time together with the Master without a lot of distractions.

If a man has a woman friend to whom he is loyal but never intended to marry, having decided to serve God as a “single,” and then changes his mind, deciding he should marry her, he should go ahead and marry. It’s no sin; it’s not even a “step down” from celibacy, as some say. On the other hand, if a man is comfortable in his decision for a single life in service to God and it’s entirely his own conviction and not imposed on him by others, he ought to stick with it. Marriage is spiritually and morally right and not inferior to singleness in any way, although as I indicated earlier, because of the times we live in, I do have pastoral reasons for encouraging singleness.

A wife must stay with her husband as long as he lives. If he dies, she is free to marry anyone she chooses. She will, of course, want to marry a believer and have the blessing of the Master. By now you know that I think she’ll be better off staying single. The Master, in my opinion, thinks so, too.

The Letter of First Corinthians, Chapter 7 (The Message)

[edwardsherwood-blog]

Test Bank Database Processing 11th Edition

For Order This And Any Other Test

 Banks And Solutions Manuals, Course,

 Assignments, Discussions, Quizzes, Exams,

 Contact us At: johnmate1122@gmail.com

   Database Processing, 11e (Kroenke)

Chapter 1:  Introduction

 1) The purpose of a database is to help people keep track of things.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1             Page Ref: 3

 2) In a database, each table stores data about a different type of thing.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1             Page Ref: 3

 3) In a database, each row in a spreadsheet has data about a particular instance.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 3

 4) In every database, not just the databases discussed in this book, table names are capitalized.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 3

 5) A database shows data in tables and the relationships among the rows in those tables.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1             Page Ref: 4

 6) Data is recorded facts and figures; information is knowledge derived from data.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1             Page Ref: 5

 7) Databases record data in such a way that they can produce information.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 6

 8) Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is an example of a data mining application.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 6-7

 9) Small databases typically have simple structures.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 3             Page Ref: 8

 10) Microsoft Access is a low-end product intended for individuals and small workgroups.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 14

 11) Applications are computer programs used directly by users.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1             Page Ref: 8

 12) Sequenced Query Language (SQL) is an internationally recognized standard language that is understood by all commercial database management system products.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 8

13) A database management system (DBMS) creates, processes and administers databases.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1             Page Ref: 11

 14) Microsoft Access is just a DBMS.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 13

 15) The DBMS engine in Microsoft Access is called Jet.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 14

 16) In Microsoft Access, you can use the Oracle DBMS in place of the Jet DBMS.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 14

 17) In an Enterprise-class database system, a database application interacts with the DBMS.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 15 Fig 1-16

 18) In an Enterprise-class database system, a database application accesses the database data.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 15 Fig 1-16

 19) In an Enterprise-class database system, business users interact directly with the DBMS, which directly accesses the database data.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 15 Fig 1-16

 20) All database applications get and put database data by sending SQL statements to the DBMS.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 9

 21) The DBMS ranked as having the "most power and features" in the text is IBM's DB2.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 3             Page Ref: 16 Fig 1-17

 22) The DBMS ranked as being the "most difficult to use" in the text is Oracle Corporation's Oracle Database.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 3             Page Ref: 16 Fig 1-17

 23) The DBMS ranked as being the "easiest to use" in the text is Microsoft's SQL Server.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 16 Fig 1-17

 24) The DBMS ranked as having the "least power and features" in the text is Microsoft Access.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 16 Fig 1-17

25) A database is called "self-describing" because it reduces data duplication.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 12

 26) The description of a database's structure that is stored within the database itself is called the "metadata."

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1             Page Ref: 12 Fig 1-14

 27) In a database processing system, indexes are held by the database management system (DBMS).

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 3             Page Ref: 11 Fig 1-12

 28) Database design is important, but fortunately it is simple to do.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 1             Page Ref: 16

 29) A database design may be a new systems development project.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1             Page Ref: 16-19 Fig 1-18

 30) A database design is rarely a redesign of an existing database.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 1             Page Ref: 16-19 Fig 1-18

 31) Information systems that stored groups of records in separate files were called file processing systems.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 19-20 Fig 1-25

 32) Data Language/I (DL/I) structured data relationships as a tree structure.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 3             Page Ref: 21 Fig 1-25

 33) The CODASYL DBTG mode structured data relationships as a tree structure.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 3             Page Ref: 22 Fig 1-25

 34) The relational model was first proposed in 1970 by E. F. Codd at IBM.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 22

 35) The 1977 edition of this text contained a chapter on the relational model, and that chapter was reviewed by E. F. Codd.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 3             Page Ref: 22

 36) dBase was the first PC-based DBMS to implement true relational algebra on a PC.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 3             Page Ref: 23

37) Paradox is the only major survivor of the "bloodbath of PC DBMS products."

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 23

 38) Business organizations have resisted adopting object-oriented database systems because the cost of purchasing OODBMS packages is prohibitively high.

Answer: FALSE

Diff: 3             Page Ref: 23

 39) Bill Gates has said that "XML is the lingua-franca of the Internet Age."

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 24

 40) XML Web services allow database processing to be shared across the Internet.

Answer: TRUE

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 24

 41) The purpose of a database is to:

A) help people keep track of things.

B) store data in tables.

C) create tables of rows and columns.

D) maintain data on different things in different tables.

E) All of the above.

Answer: A

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 3

 42) A database stores:

A) data.

B) relationships.

C) metadata.

D) A and B

E) A, B and C

Answer: E

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 3-4 and 12

 43) A database records:

A) facts.

B) figures.

C) information.

D) A and B

E) A, B and C

Answer: D

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 3

44) A sales contact manager used by a salesperson is an example of a(n) ________.

A) single-user database application

B) multiuser database application

C) e-commerce database application

D) A or B

E) Any of A, B or C

Answer: A

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 8 and Fig 1-5

 45) A Customer Resource Management (CRM) system is an example of a(n) ________.

A) single-user database application

B) multiuser database application

C) e-commerce database application

D) A or B

E) Any of A, B or C

Answer: B

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 8 and  Fig 1-5

 46) An online drugstore such as Drugstore.com is an example of a(n) ________.

A) single-user database application

B) multiuser database application

C) e-commerce database application

D) A or B

E) Any of A, B or C

Answer: C

Diff: 1             Page Ref: 7 Fig 1-5

 47) The industry standard supported by all major DBMSs that allows tables to be joined together is called ________.

A) Sequential Query Language (SQL)

B) Structured Question Language (SQL)

C) Structured Query Language (SQL)

D) Relational Question Language (RQL)

E) Relational Query Language (RQL)

Answer: C

Diff: 1             Page Ref: 8

 48) A program whose job is to create, process and administer databases is called the ________.

A) Database Modeling System

B) Database Management System

C) Data Business Model System

D) Relational Model Manager

E) Data Business Management Service

Answer: B

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 8

49) Microsoft Access includes:

A) a DBMS.

B) an application generator.

C) a Web server.

D) A and B

E) A, B and C

Answer: D

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 13 Fig 1-15

 50) Microsoft Access may use which of the following DBMS engines?

A) Jet

B) SQL Server

C) Oracle

D) A and B

E) A, B and C

Answer: D

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 14

 51) Which of the following are basic components of an enterprise-class database system?

A) The user

B) The database application

C) The database management system (DBMS)

D) The database

E) All of the above

Answer: E

Diff: 1             Page Ref: 15 Fig 1-16

 52) In an enterprise-class database system ________.

A) the database application(s) interact(s) with the DBMS

B) the database application(s) access(es) the database data

C) the DBMS accesses the database data

D) A and B

E) A and C

Answer: E

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 15 Fig 1-16

 53) In an enterprise-class database system, the database application ________.

A) creates queries

B) creates forms

C) creates reports

D) A and B

E) B and C

Answer: E

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 15 Fig 1-16

54) In an enterprise-class database system, reports are created by ________.

A) the user

B) the database application

C) the database management system (DBMS)

D) the database

E) All of the above

Answer: B

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 15 Fig 1-16

 55) A database is considered "self-describing" because ________.

A) all the users' data is in one place

B) it reduces data duplication

C) it contains a description of its own structure

D) it contains a listing of all the programs that use it

E) All of the above

Answer: C

Diff: 1             Page Ref: 12

 56) In an enterprise-class database system, the database ________.

A) holds user data

B) holds metadata

C) holds indexes

D) holds stored procedures

E) All of the above

Answer: E

Diff: 3             Page Ref: 12-13 Fig 1-14

 57) A database may contain ________.

A) tables

B) metadata

C) triggers

D) stored procedures

E) All of the above

Answer: E

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 12-13 Fig 1-14

 58) A database may be designed ________.

A) from existing data

B) as a new systems development project

C) as a redesign of an existing database

D) A and B

E) A, B, and C

Answer: E

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 16 Fig 1-18

59) A database designed using spreadsheets from the Sales department is a database being designed ________.

A) from existing data

B) as a new systems development project

C) as a redesign of an existing database

D) A and B

E) A, B, and C

Answer: A

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 16-19 Fig 1-18

 60) A database designed to implement requirements for a reporting application needed by the Sales department is a database being designed ________.

A) from existing non-database data

B) as a new systems development project

C) as a redesign of an existing database

D) A and B

E) A, B, and C

Answer: B

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 16-19 Fig 1-18

 61) A database designed to combine two databases used by the Sales department is a database being designed ________.

A) from existing data

B) as a new systems development project

C) as a redesign of an existing database

D) A and B

E) A, B, and C

Answer: C

Diff: 1             Page Ref: 16-19 Fig 1-18

 62) Database professionals use ________ as specific data sources for studies and analyses.

A) data marts

B) normalization

C) data models

D) entity-relationship data modeling

E) data migration

Answer: A

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 19-20

 63) Database professionals use a set of principles called ________ to guide and assess database design.

A) data marts

B) normalization

C) data models

D) entity-relationship data modeling

E) data migration

Answer: B

Diff: 3             Page Ref: 17

64) A very popular development technique used by database professionals for database design is known as ________.

A) data marts

B) normalization

C) data models

D) entity-relationship data modeling

E) data migration

Answer: D

Diff: 3             Page Ref: 17-18

 65) A very popular development technique used by database professionals to adopt a database design to a new or changing requirement is known as ________.

A) data marts

B) normalization

C) data models

D) entity-relationship data modeling

E) data migration

Answer: E

Diff: 3             Page Ref: 18-19

 66) The predecessor(s) of database processing was (were) ________.

A) file managers

B) hierarchical models

C) network models

D) relational data model

E) All of the above were predecessors of database processing.

Answer: A

Diff: 3             Page Ref: 20-23

 67) The relational model ________.

A) was first proposed in 1970

B) was developed by E. F. Codd

C) was developed at IBM

D) resulted in the DBMS product DB2

E) All of the above

Answer: E

Diff: 1             Page Ref: 22-23

 68) Modern microcomputer personal DBMS products ________.

A) are supplied by several well-established manufacturers

B) were essentially killed off by MS Access

C) have poor response time

D) are not true DBMS products

E) are really just programming languages with generalized file-processing capabilities

Answer: B

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 22-23

69) Business organizations have resisted adopting object-oriented database management systems because ________.

A) object-oriented programming uses simplified data structures that fit easily into relational databases

B) the cost of purchasing OODBMS packages is prohibitively high

C) the cost of converting data from relational databases to OODBMSs is too high

D) most large organizations have older applications that are not based on object oriented programming

E) C and D

Answer: E

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 23

 70) For database development, the most important Web-related technology to emerge in recent years is:

A) FTP.

B) HTTP.

C) XML.

D) OODBMS.

E) All of the above.

Answer: C

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 23-24

 71) The purpose of a database is to ________.

Answer: help people keep track of things

Diff: 1             Page Ref: 3

 72) In a database, each ________ stores data about a different type of thing.

Answer: table

Diff: 1             Page Ref: 3

 73) In a database, each ________ in a database has data about a particular instance.

Answer: table

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 3

 74) In the databases discussed in this book, table names are ________.

Answer: capitalized

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 3

 75) A database shows data in tables and ________ among the rows of those tables.

Answer: the relationships

Diff: 1             Page Ref: 4

 76) ________ is recorded facts and figures; ________ is knowledge derived from data.

Answer: Data; information

Diff: 1             Page Ref: 3 and 5-6

 77) Databases record ________ in such a way that they can produce ________.

Answer: data; information

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 6

78) Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is an example of a ________.

Answer: multiuser database

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 6-7 Fig 1-5

 79) ________ do not necessarily have simple structures.

Answer: Small databases

Diff: 3             Page Ref: 8

 80) Computer programs used directly by users are called ________.

Answer: applications

Diff: 1             Page Ref: 8

 81) ________ is an internationally recognized standard language that is understood by all commercial database management system products.

Answer: Structured Query Language (SQL)

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 8

 82) A ________ is used to create, process and administer databases.

Answer: database management system (DBMS)

Diff: 1             Page Ref: 8

 83) ________ is a DBMS combined with an application generator.

Answer: Microsoft Access

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 13-14

 84) In an enterprise-class database system, a ________ interacts with the DBMS.

Answer: database application

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 15 Fig 1-16

 85) All database applications get and put database data by sending ________ to the DBMS.

Answer: SQL statements

Diff: 3             Page Ref: 15 Fig 1-16

 86) The DBMS ranked as having the "most power and features" in the text is ________.

Answer: Oracle database

Diff: 3             Page Ref: 11

 87) The DBMS ranked as being the "easiest to use" in the text is ________.

Answer: Microsoft Access

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 16

 88) A database is called ________ because it contains a description of itself.

Answer: "self-describing"

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 12

 89) ________ is the description of a database's structure that is stored within the database itself.

Answer: Metadata

Diff: 1             Page Ref: 12-13 Fig 1-13

90) In an enterprise-class database system, indexes are held by the ________.

Answer: database

Diff: 3             Page Ref: 12-13 Fig 1-14

 91) Business information systems that stored groups of records in separate files were called ________.

Answer: file processing systems

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 20-21 Fig 1-25

 92) Data Language/I (DL/I) structured data relationships in a data structure known as a ________.

Answer: tree structure

Diff: 3             Page Ref: 21-22 Fig 1-25

 93) The CODSYL DBTG mode structured data relationships in a data structure known as a ________.

Answer: network

Diff: 3             Page Ref: 22 Fig 1-25

 94) The relational model was first proposed in 1970 by ________ at IBM.

Answer: E. F. Codd

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 22

 95) The 1977 edition of this text was the first edition of this book that contained a description of the ________.

Answer: relational model

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 20

 96) ________ was the first PC based DBMS to implement true relational algebra on a PC.

Answer: R:base

Diff: 3             Page Ref: 23

 97) ________ is the only major survivor of the "bloodbath of PC DBMS products."

Answer: Microsoft Access

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 23

 98) Business organizations have resisted adopting ________ because of the difficulty of converting existing databases.

Answer: object-oriented database management systems (OODBMSs)

Diff: 3             Page Ref: 23

 99) ________ has said that "XML is the lingua-franca of the Internet Age."

Answer: Bill Gates

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 24

 100) ________ allow database processing to be shared across the Internet.

Answer: XML Web services

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 24

101) What is the purpose of a database, and how does the database accomplish this purpose?

Answer: The purpose of a database is to help people keep track of things. It accomplishes this purpose by storing data in tables. Each table has rows and columns, similar to a spreadsheet. A database usually has multiple tables in order to keep track of different but related things. For example, we might have a CUSTOMER table to keep track of customers and a PRODUCT table to keep track of the things we sell. Each row in each table holds data about a particular instance, i.e., one customer or one product. The database also stores the links between the tables, so that we can track which customers bought which products (note: this will require an additional table if one customer can buy more than one product and one product can be sold to more than one customer).

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 3-5

 102) What are the four components of a database system?

Answer: The four components in a database system are: the user, the database application, the database management system (DBMS) and the database. The user interacts with the database application, which interacts with the DBMS, which controls the database. The functions of the database application include creating and processing forms, creating and transmitting queries and creating and processing reports. The DBMS creates databases, tables and supporting structures, manages database data, enforces rules and provides security. The database stores the user data, the database metadata, indexes, triggers, stored procedures and application metadata.

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 8-13

 103) Briefly describe the function of an application program in a database system.

Answer:  The application program is responsible for creating and processing forms. The application displays the form to the user, allows the user to complete the data entry, evaluates the form to determine which data management tasks need to be performed, and transmits the appropriate requests to the DBMS. The application creates and transmits queries. The queries are requests for data that are created in a language like SQL, and transmitted to the DBMS to have the requested data returned to the application program. The application also creates and processes reports. The query to retrieve the necessary data for the report is sent to the DBMS. When the DBMS returns the needed data, the application manipulates it as necessary to create the requested report. The application program also applies application logic to control the manipulation of data in accordance with the business rules. Finally, the application program is responsible for providing control. Control must be exercised to allow the users to make choices for functions and tasks as appropriate for their jobs. Also, control must be exercised to manage the activities of the DBMS.

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 9-11

 104) What components are included in a database?

Answer:  The database contains user data, metadata, indexes and other overhead data, and application metadata. User data is the data from the user's environment that they want to track. Metadata is data about the structure of the database. Indexes and other overhead data are structures that the database uses to improve performance. Finally, the application metadata is data about forms, reports, and other application components that some databases, particularly those created with desktop DBMS products, store with the database.

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 13-14

105) Why do we say a database is "self-describing" and why is this an advantage?

Answer: A database is considered self-describing because it contains a description of its own structure within the database itself. This description is called the metadata, and it is stored in specialized tables in relational databases. The advantage is that the database is self-documenting, and that a knowledgeable user or a database designer can easily access the metadata. All DBMS vendors provide tools to access the metadata within their products.

Diff: 3             Page Ref: 12-13

 106) What is "metadata" and how does it relate to the definition of a database?

Answer: Metadata is data about the structure of the database itself. This includes data about the names of all the tables in the database, the names of all the columns in each of the tables, the data type of each column in each table, the properties of the tables and the columns, etc. Metadata accounts for the "self-describing" aspect of the definition of a database as a "self-describing collection of integrated tables."

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 12-13

 107) Briefly describe the function of the DBMS in a database system.

Answer:  The DBMS creates the database and the tables and structures within it. The DBMS also reads and updates the database data. It receives requests from application programs to perform data maintenance tasks. These requests are translated into actions that are performed on the database. In addition to maintaining the user data within the database, the DBMS also maintains the database structures. The DBMS also enforces any rules that have been defined to govern the values of the data, such as data type requirements and referential integrity constraints. The DBMS controls concurrency issues, which deal with the unwanted interruption of one user's work by another user's work. As the only point of entry into the database, the DBMS also provides security for the database to restrict users' access to only the data that they have authority to read or modify. Finally, the DBMS is responsible for the creation of backup copies of the database data and for restoring the database in case a recovery is required.

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 11-12

 108) What are "referential integrity constraints"?  Give an example.

Answer:  A referential integrity constraint is a rule that restricts certain actions on the database data. A referential integrity constraint is used to ensure that the values in a field in one table have matching tables in a corresponding field in another table. These constraints are enforced by the DBMS, which will not allow changes to the values of the database that would result in violations of this rule. For example, a database has an EMPLOYEE table and a VEHICLE table that are used to store data on employees and the vehicles that they are assigned to drive. The EMPLOYEE table has a column called EmployeeID that is used to distinguish one employee record from another. The VEHICLE table also has an EmployeeID column that is used to associate a vehicle with the appropriate employee. A referential integrity constraint could be used to prevent a vehicle from being assigned to an employee with an EmployeeID that does not appear in the EMPLOYEE table by requiring that all values in EmployeeID in the VEHICLE table have a matching value in EmployeeID in the EMPLOYEE table.

Diff: 3             Page Ref: 11

109) What are the three types of database design situations?

Answer: Database designs can be based on (1) existing data, (2) new systems development and (3) database redesign. Database designs from existing data may be based on data in spreadsheets or other data tables, or on data extracted from other databases. New systems development gathers user requirements for needed applications and designs a database to meet those requirements. Database redesign may be needed to migrate existing databases to a newer DBMS, or to integrate multiple existing databases.

Diff: 2             Page Ref: 16-19 Fig 1-18

 110) Briefly describe the history of database processing.

Answer: The predecessor of database processing was file processing, where data were maintained on magnetic tape. Database processing as we know it today became possible with the availability of direct access disk storage in the 1960s. Using this storage, both the hierarchical data model and then the network data model were developed. In 1970, E. F. Codd of IBM proposed the relational model, which is the standard model used today. Current DBMSs such as DB2, Oracle and SQL Server are based on the relational model. The appearance of microcomputer based DBMSs, in the 1980s led to a "bloodbath" from which Microsoft Access emerged as the dominant PC workstation DBMS. More recent events include the introduction of object-oriented DBMSs (OODBMSs), and the development of tools such as XML to allow the use of database systems over the Internet.

Diff: 3             Page Ref: 18-22 Fig 1-18

[banyaro-eng]

[Event & Scenario] “Episode of Avalon #1.5 Voyager of the New World” START

Part 1.5, start! OSIRIS, who have joined Avalon, are all hyped up in starting activities but what stands before them...? Travel with OSIRIS to America and beat those who get in your way!

Details

▼ Release Date: 2017/12/28 (Thu) 17:00JST ~ onwards

Part 1.5 of the "Episode of Avalon #1.5 Voyager of the New World" will start! Chapter 1 will focus on OSIRIS.

▼ Access Condition

Finish reading the final chapter of each band’s (BLAST, OSIRIS, Fairy April, Cure2tron) Main Scenario Ep.1.

How To Participate

You can access Part 1.5 from the banner on the home screen as long as the condition of clearing the last chapters for Episode 1 of all the bands have been satisfied.

※ Although there is no deadline, you may only receive the Clear Reward once.

How To Play

Get “Flyers” by playing songs from different Areas listed in the Event Page. Choose the Area you want to play in and win the Duel Gig of each stage to proceed to the next stage. The Main Areas will have multiple stages accompanied by event stories. You will then unlock some Free Stages per Main Stage cleared which will be your main source of gaining Flyers after clearing all the Main Areas.

You can exchange the “Flyers” for rewards like limited edition cards via the Shop’s “Item Exchange” section. [more info.]

You can access the event scenarios via the new section, “Episode Of Avalon” from the Stories Tab.

Event Stage Schedule

The Area Stages for "Episode of Avalon #1.5 Voyager of the New World" will be released sequentially from 2017/12/30(Sat) 00:00  JST. The new stages will be released at a schedule:

12/30(Sat) 00:00~・Departure 01/01(Mon) 00:00~・Detour 01/03(Wed) 00:00~・Bandits 01/05(Fri) 00:00~・Submit or Perish 01/07(Sun) 00:00~・Depression 01/09(Tue) 00:00~・Perfection 01/11(Thu) 00:00~・A Long Road 01/13(Sat) 00:00~・Epilogue

New Rival Band Appearance!

EISENROSES  (Left to Right, romaji tentative): Alexei, Wolff, Gaia, Sugar, Jive

Past Event Scenario Limited Time Rerun

Scenarios of the events leading up to the scenario for Part 1.5 will have a re-run for a limited time only. Unopened scenarios will be available for reading during the following period:

▼ Duration: 2017/12/28 (Thu) 17:00 JST ~ 2018/01/15 (Mon) 12:59 JST

※ You can access the event scenarios from the "Story" tab → "Event Scenario" but will not be able to receive any reward upon clearing.

The target Event Scenario are as follows:

Advent of the Quattro Virtuoso GIGS ー Dante of the Purgatory

Anniversary GIGS ー Dreamin' (untranslated)

On Board The Merry Christmas GIGS ー Dante is Coming To Town!

Event Reward Card

SR: Ray Cephart [A Journey's Exhilarating Feeling]

Event Strategy-1

Using OSIRIS members' cards into Bands to use for LIVEs will improve overall performance.

Event Strategy-2

A special login bonus will be held!

Make sure to log in from 2017/12/28(Thu) 17:00JST, during the event period to get one (1) 100%+ Stamina Charge a day.

▼ Duration: 2017/12/28 (Thu) 17:00 JST ~ 2018/01/14 (Sun) 23:59 JST

※ Daily bonus cannot be obtained once the day is over. ※ Like normal login bonuses, the daily bonus will reset at 00:00JST every day.

Time-Limited Event Song

“Beyond the Limit” by OSIRIS Lyrics, composition, arrangement: Gouki Ohtsuka

“Voyager of the New World” Limited Rare Gacha (Daily Rotation)

Duration: 2017/12/28(Thu) 17:00JST ~ 2018/01/15(Mon) 12:59JST

Line-up: SSR Sousuke Maki, SSR Kyo Takara, SSR Yoshimune Tokuda, SSR Shelly, SR Yamato Shinonome, SR Miley

※ SR Yamato Shinonome and SR Miley will be available throughout the duration of the gacha. 

The gacha can use both Free and Paid Medals

It is possible to pull regular cards other than the Event limited gacha cards.

At least 1 SR or above card is guaranteed for every 10-pull

Signed cards will be discharged at a certain probability. Signs will only appear for SR cards and above and will be treated the same as non-signed, having the same stat and effects. You can admire the sign in various places.

Event limited cards might reappear during future events/campaigns.

“Voyager of the New World”Rare Gacha Schedule

ALL CHARACTERS ・12/28, 1/14, 1/15 SHELLY ・12/29, 1/2, 1/6, 1/10 KYO TAKARA ・12/30, 1/3, 1/7, 1/11 SOUSUKE MAKI ・12/31, 1/4, 1/8, 1/12 YOSHIMUNE TOKUDA ・1/1, 1/5, 1/9, 1/13

※ Please take note that the pick-up date will change at a daily basis

Featured New Cards

SSR Sousuke Maki [tba*] Leader Skill: [COMBO BONUS] Combo Bonus boosted by 25% Main Skill: [Löyly* of Tragedy] 30% chance of activation upon 30 successful taps, boosting others’ skill effectiveness by by 30% for 6 seconds. (When the Skill of the same nature overlaps, only the card with the higher effectiveness will activate.)

※ Despite the trigger and end of the "Other Skill Effectiveness Boost", LIFE dropping to 0 will still result in LIVE failure.

SSR Kyo Takara [Search for a Lost Child] Leader Skill: [BEAT UP] Combo Bonus boosted by 25% Main Skill: [Even the Destination’s Wrong] 40% chance of activation upon 50 successful taps, boosting others’ skill effectiveness by by 30% for 8 seconds. (When the Skill of the same nature overlaps, only the card with the higher effectiveness will activate.)

※ Despite the trigger and end of the "Other Skill Effectiveness Boost", LIFE dropping to 0 will still result in LIVE failure.

SSR Yoshimune Tokuda [Search for a Lost Child] Leader Skill: [BEAT UP+Fairy*] All Member’s BEAT boosted by 30%. Additional 20% if Fairy April members, other than Yoshimune, makes up the rest of the Band. Main Skill: [Kotatsu of Magic] 40% chance of activation upon 50 successful taps, boosting Combo Bonus by 16% for 8 seconds.

SSR Shelly [tba*] Leader Skill: [GROOVE UP+Cure2tron*] All Member’s GROOVE boosted by 30%. Additional 15% if at least 1 Cure2tron member, other than Shelly, in included in the Band. Main Skill: [Kotatsu of Magic] 10% chance of activation upon 15 successful taps, boosting score by 20% for 4 seconds.

SSR Yamato Shinonome [tba*] Leader Skill: [MELODY BONUS+SPIRIT*] All Member’s MELODY boosted by 15% and Spirits gained by 20% Main Skill: [--] 40% chance of activation upon 50 successful taps, boosting others’ skill effectiveness by by 20% for 8 seconds. (When the Skill of the same nature overlaps, only the card with the higher effectiveness will activate.)

SSR Miley [Dress-up] Leader Skill: [LIFE UP] All Member’s LIFE boosted by 15% Main Skill: [--] 40% chance of activation upon 50 successful taps, boosting others’ skill effectiveness by by 20% for 8 seconds. (When the Skill of the same nature overlaps, only the card with the higher effectiveness will activate.)

※ Cards from this gacha are will have a max level of 90 for SSR and 75 for SR once Break.

You can check the in-game gacha/event page for more info.

*Some Card Names and Skill Names to be added. I’m out of time at the moment.

*Click for Sousuke’s Skill Name.

[invisibleanonymousmonsters]

Non-Sequential [Ch. 18]

Pairing: Pre-Serum Steve Rogers/Steve Rogers x Reader

One night, Steve Rogers met a beautiful dame named Y/N. He hadn’t intended on letting her get away. But fate had other ideas. Y/N appeared and disappeared in his life so hauntingly that Steve started to wonder if she was an angel meant to watch over him.

Word Count: 3,200

Chapter 17

Steve waited patiently as he sat across from Y/N. Despite her throwing herself into his arms when she showed up at his door, she came to moments later and put that unbearable distance between them once again.

Steve adhered to Bucky’s warnings. Everything was now on Y/N’s terms. He wouldn’t touch her, wouldn’t crowd her personal space until she wanted him to and consented.

“I’m sorry,” Steve finally started the talking. “I should never have left you. I was scared. Scared that I was the reason you kept getting put into danger. I convinced myself that if I stayed away, you would be safer.”

Then he leaned forward. His body needed to be closer to her, but he had to respect her distance. “I don’t expect you to forgive me for it. I’ll wait for as long as it takes. Because I know that’s what I deserve.”

Y/N just stared into Steve’s baby blue eyes. It felt like minutes.

“You know what hurts the most about it all?” She whispered. He said nothing, but just waited. “I was there for you, out of my own time, every moment you needed me. When your mom passed, the night before you got the serum, even when you were being beat up in back alleys of Brooklyn – I was there for you.”

Steve was crying now. His head dipped in shame.

“And the one time I needed you, more than ever, you’re nowhere to be found.”

“I know, Y/N.” Steve whispered, wiping away his tears. He knew it was pointless. They just kept flowing.

“You left me alone in a country I know nothing about, surrounded by strangers. All while you’re running around the world, trying to make me forget about you.” Then she shook her head at how ridiculous it sounded as when she said it aloud. “As if I could ever forget you…”

“I know,” he repeated.

“You want me to tell you what to do to get me to forgive you, I suppose.” Y/N muttered darkly. “The thing is… I have no idea what that is.”

Just when Steve thought his head couldn’t dip any lower, it did.

“I understand,” he answered.

“But I love you,” Y/N finally stated.

Steve’s head shot up.

“And I’m always going to love you. So, maybe I can’t forgive you right now. But I will forgive you. I just don’t know when.”

Y/N slowly stood up then.

Steve shot to his feet, his dated chivalrous manners incapable of being stopped.

“I just…I just need time,” Y/N admitted timidly before leaving his bedroom. ————————————————

Bucky was riding Humphrey, trying to herd the goats back into their pen. It was a unnecessary since they were basically as obedient as dogs. But Bucky was thinking about getting some sheep. He had to learn to herd them correctly if he wanted to be able to manage it all.

The goats seemed to sense something that Bucky hadn’t and started running past Bucky, against his commands. He turned Humphrey to follow their path and realized that the goats were running towards Y/N as she approached his land.

A wave of relief washed over Bucky. She was back from her time traveling. And she did not look to be physically harmed.

However, even from the distance, Bucky could see that she was broken up.

He quickly dismounted and walked toward her.

She stopped and let out a long sigh.

Bucky waited.

Then Y/N closed the distance between them and wrapped her arms around Bucky.

He was surprised by sudden intimacy. But he wrapped his arm around her nonetheless.

“You OK, kid?” He whispered gently in her hair.

She nodded her head against his neck, but didn’t let go of him quite yet.

“Somethin’ happen when you traveled?” He asked softly.

She shook her head.

He pulled away slightly so he could study her face.

“What’s going on, Y/N?” He asked as he brushed some hair behind her ear.

“I don’t know anymore,” she whispered. “I just needed some air and next thing I knew I was walking here.”

Humphrey had walked over and nuzzled Y/N’s neck. His animal instinct sensing the human’s distress. She giggled at the tickling and gave the horse the attention it wanted. She turned and stroked Humphrey slowly.

“I’m just…tired,” she finally said. Though she kept her focus on the horse, Bucky knew she was talking to him.

“Steve know you’re back?” He asked.

She nodded, “I just talked to him.”

Bucky nodded slowly. “Maybe you should get some sleep, kid.”

Y/N eventually nodded agreeing. “I can’t…I just can’t go back there right now.”

Bucky’s brow furrowed at her words. But he wasn’t about to kick her out. “OK.”

Then he led her to his hut. The goats happily pranced behind them, trying to catch up.

Once they were inside, he pointed to his bed. Y/N eyed him for a moment and shifted her weight awkwardly. For some reason, sleeping in his bed felt intimate, even without him in it.

“Go ahead. I gotta do stuff around the farm still. I won’t bother ya,” Bucky insisted.

Without waiting for her response, Bucky closed the door behind him.

Y/N stifled her giggle when she heard Bucky reprimanding his pets that they had to let her sleep.

“Fred, leave her alone. I’m not messing around,” she heard Bucky warn with a stern tone that was fading as he stepped further and further away from the hut.

It had started to leave Y/N in awe how Bucky seemed to be a completely different person from the robotic weapon she had met in the past. He admitted to having rough times and to struggling with getting back to even just a small portion of the man he once was.

But to see him work at it everyday made Y/N realize she could get back to herself too.

Bucky’s life had been much harder than Y/N’s time traveling. It made her trials and tribulations look like a cakewalk in comparison. She knew it wasn’t a competition. It wasn’t about who’s life was more difficult. But that didn’t stop her from admiring his strength.

Y/N knew it wasn’t as easy for him as he made it out to be. But his efforts made Y/N want to stop feeling sorry for herself.

Y/N didn’t know how long she’d been sleeping for. But it was definitely the longest she’d slept since arriving in Wakanda. She realized it was the smells that had finally roused her, the need for food now stronger than the need for sleep.

When she opened her eyes, the hut was darker. The sun must’ve just gone since the sky outside the window was a beautiful purple, pink, and orange dusk.

Y/N looked over to see that Bucky was cooking in the kitchen.

She sat up, suddenly having a weird feeling wash over her.

This felt off. Too intimate. Domestic.

“Figured you’d be hungry once you woke up.” Bucky had known the moment she was awake, but he kept cooking.

Y/N tried to act casual, but her heart was racing for some reason. “Uh…what’re you making?”

“Shuri sent over some recipes and even included these little video tutorials,” he gestured to the hologram projecting from a tablet on the kitchen counter. It was showing a step-by-step process and even kept with Bucky’s pace so he didn’t have to keep rewinding and pausing as he cooked.

“It’s pilau with braised lamb,” Bucky answered. “Apparently it’s a classic Wakandan dish.”

Y/N ran her hands through her hair, assuming she looked a mess after sleeping for so long.

“Uhh…I should probably get going.”

Bucky finally took his eyes off his cook and looked at her for the first time since she woke up.

“What?” It was a dumb response, but he could sense she was trying to flee.

“Yeah, I should get back to the palace.”

Bucky sighed and put his utensils down and wiped off his hands before walking over to her. “Y/N, what’s wrong?”

“Nothing. Nothing’s wrong,” she answered too quickly.

Before Bucky could say anything, Y/N jumped off the bed and was putting on her shoes. Then she threw her hair up into a mess bun and booked it out of his hut.

“Y/N,” Bucky called after her, but it was pointless.

She was speed walking up the hill when she stopped dead at the sight before her.

Steve was walking down the hill, coming right towards her. As soon as he caught sight of her as well, he paused too. Then he continued walking at a much slower pace.

“I didn’t expect to find you here,” Steve told her when they were finally close enough to talk to one another.

“I was just – I was just hanging out with Bucky,” Y/N shrugged as she crossed her arms.

Steve nodded slowly. “You don’t have to leave because of me, you know.”

Even though Y/N had been on her way out before she knew Steve was heading over.

“Oh, I was already heading home. He’s making dinner. You should go see him. I don’t think he wants to be alone right now.” Her words were jerky and awkward. For some reason, she felt like she’d been caught doing something bad. She also didn’t know why she told Steve that Bucky didn’t want to be alone.

“Everything OK?” Steve asked carefully.

Y/N nodded quickly without looking him in the eye.

“Look, I know things aren’t great with us right now, Y/N. But I just need you to know you can still talk to me – about anything.”

Her heart dropped and she couldn’t help but meet his gaze. “I know, Steve.”

He nodded. “Sure you don’t want to come back with me?”

Y/N turned around and looked back at Bucky’s hut.

“Umm…Actually, yeah. I’ll go back with you.”

Steve seemed pleasantly surprised and tried not to look overexcited.

Y/N started walking by his side.

Maybe if she sat with both of them, things would be clearer. Maybe if Bucky saw her with Steve at her side he’d understand that they couldn’t continue dancing around this fine line that she was starting to see. 

Did she have feelings for Bucky? Did Bucky have feelings for her?

Steve was the one that knocked on the door.

Why was she so nervous? This was stupid. She was being stupid.

Bucky didn’t care about her more than as Steve’s girl. He didn’t care about her as more than a friend.

Bucky opened the door and his expression immediately shifted. It was subtle. Of course it was; he was probably the world’s deadliest assassin. He knew how to control his emotions.

“Steve,” Bucky greeted evenly.

“We ran into each other,” Steve explained, eyeing Y/N. “Figured the three of us could hang out. You know… like old times.”

“Great. I made plenty,” Bucky smiled warmly.

If there was an lingering concern or tension from his and Y/N’s strange goodbye just moments ago, he didn’t show any signs of it. 

Y/N found no animosity or suspicion aimed at Steve from Bucky. Maybe she had been imagining things growing between her and him. Maybe she really was an idiot.

“You cook?” Steve asked in slight shock.

“Now I do,” Bucky shrugged.

Steve walked in first, which gave Bucky an opportunity to look at Y/N and ask her silently if she was OK. He didn’t understand why she tried to flee, to run away from him.

Y/N just responded to his silent question with a forced smile.

She expected this to quickly turn into a nightmare, a social experiment gone completely wrong. She was about to have dinner with her boyfriend, who didn’t feel like her boyfriend right now, and his best friend, who she’d kiss and was acting more like her boyfriend than her actual boyfriend.

What could go wrong?

But nothing did go wrong.

Bucky didn’t act weird. Steve didn’t act weird. Apparently, the only person that had been expecting things to get weird was Y/N.

Bucky and Steve fell into conversation, the same way they did back in the 30s.

Through the tablet Shuri gave him, Bucky started playing jazz from the 30s and 40s. It felt very out of place in the tribal hut in the middle of Africa.

Steve kept his distance from Y/N for the most part. Everyone knew Steve wasn’t one for PDA. But Bucky wasn’t the public. Everyone once in awhile, Steve’s hand would pat Y/N’s thigh when she said something cute or funny. It never went unnoticed by Y/N.

Bucky could tell it was hard for Steve to stop himself from doing more. Steve would be about to put his hand on Y/N’s lower back as they moved around the kitchen, trying to help Bucky make dinner. And at the last second, Steve would pull his hand away. Then Bucky would see that sparkle in Steve’s eyes. He recognized it from when Steve would look at Peggy. Bucky just knew Steve was dying to kiss his girl.

Bucky had never seen the couple together while they were in love. He’d only been with them in the platonic part of their relationship. This was new. This was different.

It was late into the night now. Candles were melting to their end. All three of their plates were empty and their stomachs were full. They’d been drinking wine all night, but Y/N was the only one tipsy from the drink. Neither Steve nor Bucky seemed to mind it though.

Then Y/N yawned twice within 5 minutes of each other and Steve knew that cue.

“Alright. I think it’s about time I get this one to bed,” he stated playfully, nodding towards Y/N as she poured herself another glass of wine.

“I’m adult. I know when it’s time to go to bed. Thank you very much,” Y/N replied with snark.

Bucky smirked at her as she filled their two glasses as well.

Steve just chuckled, knowing she was fine and it wasn’t worth even playfully bickering with her over it.

“Plus, we gotta help Bucky clean up,” Y/N added as if it were obvious.

“No, it’s fine, doll. I don’t need any help,” Bucky quickly answered as he stood up and already started grabbing some of the plates.

Y/N glared at him. Then she looked at Steve and he seemed to be watching Bucky with an expression she couldn’t quite read. Little did she know, it was sparked by Bucky calling her ‘doll.’

Steve realized Y/N was studying him and snapped out of it, giving her a shy but charming grin.

“Come on. I’ll walk you home,” he told her gently.

Then he stood up and walked to his friend. “Thanks for dinner, Buck.” The two men gave each other a hug and Y/N could tell how much the two loved each other even from such a simple and innocent form of affection.

Then Y/N quickly gave Bucky a hug as well, muttering her own thanks into his shoulder.

The Wakandan air had gotten cooler and drier since the sun went down. Y/N shivered slightly at the sudden change of temperature and immediately crossed her arms, hugging them tightly to her torso to conserve body heat.

A second later, a warm weight covered her shoulders. Y/N jumped slightly at Steve placing his jacket around her shoulders. 

He didn’t even have to think about it. Being a caring gentleman was the most natural thing to Steve Rogers.

“Thanks,” Y/N muttered softly as she looked at the ground and pulled his jacket tighter around herself.

He just nodded.  

They started walking into the night, back toward the palace.

“I can’t seem to get over how beautiful it is here,” Steve sighed as he looked up at the stars.

Y/N’s eyes went up to the sky too and she just nodded.

“I’m sorry…for leaving you here all alone,” Steve told her. “I didn’t want you to get tangled up in everything that happened with The Accords and I knew there was nowhere safer for you than Wakanda.”

“I understand why you did it,” she replied. Then she met his gaze. “But that doesn’t make it any less shitty.”

Steve knew that was fair.

“Where have you been?” Y/N realized she had never bothered asking.

“We’ve been bouncing around. Can’t stay in one place for long. We’ve been picking up any leads we can get, trying to do some good still, even when if we’re…” His words died.

“Criminals?” Y/N offered knowingly.

“Guess that’s the word, yeah.”

Y/N stopped walking then. He followed her lead.

“Steve, even with everything that happened, it doesn’t matter what the hell they say. You’re still a hero. Criminal or not, they can’t take that away from you.”

Steve scratched the back on his neck. “I don’t deserve you saying that,” he exhaled. “But thank you, Y/N.”

She nodded once and kept walking.

The rest of their walk back was filled with silence. Not an awkward kind.

Steve walked Y/N all the way to her bedroom door.

“Thanks for walking me back,” Y/N muttered stiffly.

He nodded.

“How long are you staying for?” The question fell from her lips before she could stop herself and she immediately regretted it.

“Trying to get rid of me already?” Steve tried to tease.

“No, just trying to keep my expectations realistic,” she answered back a little too spitefully.

Steve winced at it. “Now that – that I deserved.”

“Sorry. I shouldn’t have – just…sorry.”

“No, it’s OK. Really.” Then he put his hands on his hips, a gesture that was so Steve. “I’m not going anywhere. I gotta fix this.”

Y/N’s whole body tensed at his admission to guilt. Steve wasn’t a liar, especially when it came to her, to their relationship. He was a man of his word. If he planned on staying for as long as it took to fix them, he was going to do exactly that.

She finally opened her bedroom door. “Goodnight, Steve.”

He nodded. “Goodnight, Y/N.”

She started to close her door.

“Y/N?” Steve said quickly, as if he had a sudden burst of courage.

She opened her door wider and gave him a questioning look.

“Would you maybe want to meet me tomorrow morning?” “Sure,” she answered too quickly without asking for more details.

Steve beamed and relief was released from his shoulders. “Great. I’ll meet you here at 7AM?”

She tried not to cringe at the time.

But Steve caught it anyway. “I know. It’s early. But it’ll be worth it, I promise.”

Y/N just nodded. “OK. I trust you.”

Those words meant more to Steve than she could ever realize, especially after everything they went through.

----------------------------------------------

Chapter 19

I DON’T DO TAGLISTS.

Follow the series masterlist.

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    Chapter 1   A Case for Evolutionary Thinking: Understanding HIV

 1) In which of the following regions has AIDS killed the largest number of individuals?

A) India

B) Sub-Saharan Africa

C) United States

D) China

E) United Kingdom

Answer:  B

Section:  1.1

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 2) The HIV virus contains all of the following components except ________.

A) integrase

B) double-stranded RNA

C) single-stranded RNA

D) reverse transcriptase

E) protease

Answer:  B

Section:  1.1

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 3) The acronym HIV stands for which of the following?

A) human intercellular virus

B) human immune virus

C) human immunodeficiency virus

D) human immunity virus

E) human immunodeficiency vector

Answer:  C

Section:  1.1

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 4) Which of the following enzymes is responsible for transcribing viral RNA into DNA?

A) RNA polymerase

B) reverse transcriptase

C) DNA polymerase

D) reverse integrase

E) RNA duplicase

Answer:  B

Section:  1.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

5) The proteins that enable the HIV virus to bind to cells are typically CD4 and CCR5. On what type of cells are these proteins typically observed?

A) plasma cells

B) dendritic cells

C) effector helper T cells

D) memory helper T cells

E) both C and D

Answer:  E

Section:  1.1

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 6) The AIDS phase of HIV infection begins when the concentration of CD4 T cells in the blood drops below what concentration?

A) 2,000 cells per cubic millimeter

B) 1,000 cells per cubic millimeter

C) 500 cells per cubic millimeter

D) 200 cells per cubic millimeter

E) No CD4 T cells are observed.

Answer:  D

Section:  1.1

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 7) Which of the following drug categories are used to treat HIV infections?

A) integrase inhibitors

B) protease inhibitors

C) reverse transcriptase inhibitors

D) DNAse inhibitors

E) fusion inhibitors

Answer:  D

Section:  1.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 8) Coreceptor inhibitors block HIV infection by preventing which of the following?

A) binding of the HIV virion onto the plasma membrane

B) binding of the HIV virion onto the CCR5 receptor

C) binding of the HIV virion onto the gp120 protein

D) degrading the coreceptor so the virion cannot attach

E) binding of the HIV virion onto the CD4 receptor

Answer:  B

Section:  1.2

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 9) What is the effect of the ∆32 allele of CCR5 on HIV binding?

A) appears on the surface of CD4 T cells, but the HIV virion is unable to infect the host cell

B) does not appear on the surface of CD4 T cells

C) appears on the surface of the CD4 T cells and inactivates the virion upon binding

D) interferes with binding of the virion to the CD4 receptor protein

E) appears on the surface of the CD4 T cells and causes the virion to lyse upon binding

Answer:  B

Section:  1.3

Skill: Application/Analysis

10) The ∆32 allele of CCR5 is found at the highest frequency in which of the following populations?

A) Africans

B) Japanese

C) North Americans

D) Europeans

E) South Americans

Answer:  D

Section:  1.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 11) HIV-1 is believed to have been transmitted to humans from which of the following organisms?

A) gorillas

B) sooty mangabeys

C) African green monkeys

D) chimpanzees

E) baboons

Answer:  D

Section:  1.4

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 12) HIV-1 Group M is responsible for 95% of human infections. When is it estimated that HIV-1 Group M was transferred to humans?

A) 1980

B) 1960

C) 1930

D) 1995

E) 1900

Answer:  C

Section:  1.4

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 13) Antibodies and killer T cells recognize HIV or HIV-infected cells by binding to short pieces of viral proteins displayed on the virus or the infected host cell. These short pieces of viral proteins are called ________.

A) coat proteins

B) virosomes

C) proteosomes

D) epitopes

E) episomes

Answer:  D

Section:  1.5

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

14) Tetherin is an important protein produced by the host. What is the function of tetherin in protecting a host cell from HIV?

A) ties maturing virions to the membrane of the host cell, thereby preventing the release of the mature virus

B) binds the virus to the external host cell membrane, thereby preventing the virus from entering the host cell

C) binds the viral RNA to reverse transcriptase, thus preventing synthesis of the viral DNA

D) binds the two viral RNA strands together, thus preventing the transcription of viral DNA in the host cell

E) causes the maturing virions to aggregate together, thus preventing their release from the host cell

Answer:  A

Section:  1.5

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 15) Early in the infection with HIV, most virions bind to the host cell using CCR5 as a coreceptor. As the infection progresses, the HIV population evolves to use an alternate coreceptor. What is the alternate coreceptor these X4 viruses utilize?

A) Tetherin

B) CCR5α

C) vpu

D) TRIM5α

E) CXCR4

Answer:  E

Section:  1.5

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 16) In what region of the world is the incidence of infection with HIV highest?

Answer:  Sub-Saharan Africa

Section:  1.1

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 17) Originally, HIV was thought to be restricted to transmission during homosexual contact between gay men. List other ways in which HIV is currently known to be transmitted.

Answer:  HIV can be transmitted by heterosexual sex, oral sex, needle sharing, transfusion with contaminated blood products, other unsafe medical procedures, childbirth and breast-feeding.

Section:  1.1

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 18) What does the acronym AIDS stand for?

Answer:  Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Section:  1.1

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 19) What viral coat protein typically binds first to the CD4 receptor on helper T cells?

Answer:  gp120

Section:  1.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

20) When AZT is used to treat HIV infections, why does resistance to AZT usually develop?

Answer:  Mutations present in the viral population, due to the lack of proofreading and high error rate of the viral reverse transcriptase, enable mutant virions to discriminate against the incorporation of AZT during transcription.

Section:  1.2

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 21) It has been observed that viral particles often revert (back mutate to non-AZT-resistant populations when treatment with AZT is discontinued. What is the most likely reason for this observation?

Answer:  There is no more selective pressure applied to the viral population, and in the absence of AZT the viral particles that reproduce most efficiently have not evolved enough to have the ability to discriminate against AZT.

Section:  1.2

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 22) What is the molecular mechanism by which reverse transcriptase inhibitors, such as AZT, prevent viral replication?

Answer:  These molecules are analogues of the nucleotide building blocks of DNA, and typically prevent binding or elongation of the of the transcribed DNA molecule.

Section:  1.2

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 23) In what host cell protein is the Δ32 mutation found, and what type of mutation is this?

Answer:  The Δ32 mutation is found in the CCR5 coreceptor on CD4 helper T cells, and is a 32-base pair deletion.

Section:  1.3

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 24) Explain the phylogenetic relationship between humans, chimpanzees, and monkeys in the transmission of the current predominant deadly strain in humans, HIV-1.

Answer:  HIV-1 is believed to have originated in monkeys as an SIV (simian immunodeficiency virus); SIV was passed from monkeys to chimpanzees, and SIV was passed to and mutated into HIV-1 sometime around 1930.

Section:  1.4

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 25) Explain the mechanism HIV uses to avoid destruction by antibodies present in the human immune system.

Answer:  The virus is constantly mutating its surface proteins, and these frequent changes in epitopes on the viral surface prevent the host cell from being able to recognize the virus over time.

Section:  1.5

Skill: Application/Analysis

26) Following long periods of infection with HIV, an X4 strain often evolves. What evolutionary advantage does the X4 strain confer on the viral population, and what specific protein does this strain interact with?

Answer:  The evolutionary advantage of this strain is that it can infect a different population of T cells. The alternate population of T cells contains the coreceptor CXCR4 instead of the CCR5 coreceptor.

Section:  1.5

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 27) What is the function of the product of the viral gene vpu in human infections of HIV?

Answer:  The viral gene vpu (in a similar manner to the viral protein nef) blocks the action of the host protein tetherin, which normally adheres to viral particles and attaches them to the host cell membrane and prevents their release.

Section:  1.5

Skill:  Knowledge/Comprehension

 28) What steps are involved in producing the HIV GP120 protein? List all processes and host cellular structures involved from the point of initial infection with viral RNA to the production of the mature virion outside of the host cell.

Section:  1.1

Skill:  Application/Analysis

 29) Highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART) have become the treatment method of choice in treating human HIV infections. What is required for a treatment to be classified as HAART, and why have these treatments proven so effective in the treatment of HIV infections?

Section:  1.2

Skill:  Synthesis/Evaluation

 30) If an individual is infected with HIV that goes undetected and untreated, the infection follows a standard clinical course of progression. Explain the three sequential phases of untreated HIV infection, the approximate times over which these phases occur, and the corresponding levels of both HIV RNA and CD4 T cells circulating in the host bloodstream.

Section:  1.1

Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

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 Chapter 10   Information Systems Controls for Systems ReliabilityPart 3: Processing Integrity and Availability

 1) The best example of a hash total for a payroll transaction file could be

A) total of employees' social security numbers.

B) sum of net pay.

C) total number of employees.

D) sum of hours worked.

Answer:

Page Ref: 277

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 2) Error logs and review are an example of

A) data entry controls.

B) data transmission controls.

C) output controls.

D) processing controls.

Answer:

Page Ref: 277

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

3) Following is the result of batch control totals on employee Social Security Numbers in a payroll processing transaction:

 Correct Values  From Masterfile

Values Entered  During Processing

487358796

487358796

534916487

534916487

498374526

498374526

514873420

514873420

534196487

534916487

678487853

678487853

471230589

471230589

3719438158

3720158158

 The difference in the control totals is 720,000. Which data entry control would best prevent similar data entry errors in the future?

A) Modulus 11

B) Validity check

C) Check digit

D) Sequence check

Answer:

Page Ref: 277

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 4) Which of the following data entry controls would not be useful if you are recording the checkout of library books by members?

A) Sequence check

B) Prompting

C) Validity check

D) Concurrent update control

Answer:

Page Ref: 276

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Analytic

5) A customer failed to include her account number on her check, and the accounts receivable clerk credited her payment to a different customer with the same last name. Which control could have been used to most effectively to prevent this error?

A) Closed-loop verification

B) Duplicate values check

C) Validity check

D) Reconciliation of a batch control total

Answer:

Page Ref: 277

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 6) If invoices are processed in groups of fifty, which fields from the document shown below would not be used to create a hash control total?

A) Amount

B) Item Number

C) Quantity Ordered

D) Sales Order number

Answer:

Page Ref: 277

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Reflective Thinking

 7) A data entry input control in which the application software sums the first four digits of a customer number to calculate the value of the fifth digit and then compares the calculated number to the number typed in during data entry is an example of a

A) check digit verification.

B) validity check.

C) closed-loop verification.

D) duplicate data check.

Answer:

Page Ref: 277

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 8) All of the following controls for online entry of a sales order would be useful except

A) check digit verification on the dollar amount of the order.

B) validity check on the inventory item numbers.

C) field check on the customer ID and dollar amount of the order.

D) concurrent update control.

Answer:

Page Ref: 277

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Difficult

AACSB:  Analytic

 9) A specific inventory record indicates that there were 12 items on hand before a customer brings two of the items to the check stand to be purchased. The cashier accidentally entered quantity 20 instead of 2. Which data entry control would best have prevented this error?

A) sign check

B) limit check

C) validity check

D) field check

Answer:

Page Ref: 276

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

10) When processing weekly payroll, an employee accidentally entered 400 for hours worked. The best data entry control for this error would be

A) a limit check.

B) a check digit.

C) batch total reconciliation.

D) a field check.

Answer:

Page Ref: 276

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 11) The data entry control that would best prevent entering an invoice received from a vendor who is not on an authorized supplier list is

A) a validity check.

B) an authorization check.

C) a check digit.

D) closed-loop verification.

Answer:

Page Ref: 276

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 12) Forms design is an example of this type of control.

A) Data entry control

B) Processing control

C) Output control

D) Input control

Answer:

Page Ref: 276

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 13) Sequentially prenumbered forms is an example of a(n)

A) data entry control.

B) data transmission control.

C) processing control.

D) input control.

Answer:

Page Ref: 276

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

14) Turnaround documents are an example of a(n)

A) data entry control.

B) output control.

C) processing control.

D) input control.

Answer:

Page Ref: 276

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 15) A validity check is an example of a(n)

A) data entry control.

B) data transmission control.

C) output control.

D) input control.

Answer:

Page Ref: 276

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 16) Parity checks are an example of a(n)

A) data entry control.

B) data transmission control.

C) output control.

D) processing control.

Answer:

Page Ref: 279

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 17) User reviews are an example of a(n)

A) data entry control.

B) data transmission control.

C) output control.

D) processing control.

Answer:

Page Ref: 278

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

18) Data matching is an example of a(n)

A) data entry control.

B) data transmission control.

C) processing control.

D) input control.

Answer:

Page Ref: 277

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 19) Batch totals are an example of a(n)

A) data entry control.

B) data transmission control.

C) output control.

D) processing control.

Answer:

Page Ref: 277

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 20) Cancellation and storage of documents means that

A) data are copied from a document and stored, after which the document is shredded.

B) documents are defaced before being shredded.

C) documents are defaced and stored.

D) cancellation data are copied from documents before they are stored.

Answer:

Page Ref: 276

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 21) Check digit verification is an example of a(n)

A) data transmission control.

B) output control.

C) processing control.

D) input control.

Answer:

Page Ref: 277

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

22) This ensures that the input data will fit into the assigned field.

A) Limit check

B) Range check

C) Size check

D) Validity check

Answer:

Page Ref: 276

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 23) This tests a numerical amount to ensure that it does not exceed a predetermined value nor fall below another predetermined value.

A) Completeness check

B) Field check

C) Limit check

D) Range check

Answer:

Page Ref: 276

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 24) This determines if all required data items have been entered.

A) Completeness check

B) Field check

C) Limit check

D) Range check

Answer:

Page Ref: 276

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 25) This determines the correctness of the logical relationship between two data items.

A) Range check

B) Reasonableness test

C) Sign check

D) Size check

Answer:

Page Ref: 276

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

26) This determines if characters are of the proper type.

A) Field check

B) Alpha-numeric check

C) Range check

D) Reasonableness test

Answer:

Page Ref: 276

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 27) This tests a numerical amount to ensure that it does not exceed a predetermined value.

A) Completeness check

B) Limit check

C) Range check

D) Sign check

Answer:

Page Ref: 276

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 28) This batch processing data entry control sums a field that contains dollar values.

A) Record count

B) Financial total

C) Hash total

D) Sequence check

Answer:

Page Ref: 277

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 29) This batch processing data entry control sums a non-financial numeric field.

A) Record count

B) Financial total

C) Hash total

D) Sequence check

Answer:

Page Ref: 277

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

30) When I enter a correct customer number, the data entry screen displays the customer name and address. This is an example of

A) prompting.

B) preformatting.

C) closed-loop verification.

D) error checking.

Answer:

Page Ref: 277

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 31) This control ensures that the correct and most current files are being updated.

A) Cross-footing balance test

B) Data matching

C) File labels

D) Write-protect mechanism

Answer:

Page Ref: 277

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 32) This batch processing data entry control sums the number of items in a batch.

A) Financial total

B) Hash total

C) Record count

D) Sequence check

Answer:

Page Ref: 277

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 33) This data entry control compares the ID number in transaction data to a master file to verify that the ID number exists.

A) Reasonableness test

B) User review

C) Data matching

D) Validity check

Answer:

Page Ref: 276

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

34) File labels are an example of

A) data entry controls.

B) output controls.

C) processing controls.

D) source data controls.

Answer:

Page Ref: 277

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 35) A computer operator accidentally used the wrong master file when updating a transaction file. As a result, the master file data is now unreadable. Which control could best have prevented this from happening?

A) Internal header label

B) Validity check

C) Check digit

D) Parity check

Answer:

Page Ref: 277

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 36) Chaz Finnerty called the IT Help Desk in a huff. "I'm trying to open an Excel file and I get a message that says that the file is locked for editing. What's going on?" The answer is likely that

A) the file is corrupted due to a computer virus.

B) there is no problem. Chaz is editing the file, so it is locked.

C) concurrent update controls have locked the file.

D) Chaz probably opened the file as read-only.

Answer:

Page Ref: 278

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Analytic

37) This control protects records from errors that occur when two or more users attempt to update the same record simultaneously.

A) Concurrent update controls

B) Cross-footing balance test

C) Data conversion controls

D) Recalculation of batch totals

Answer:

Page Ref: 278

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 38) Modest Expectations Investment Services (MEIS) allows customers to manage their investments over the Internet. If customers attempt to sell more shares of a stock than they have in their account, an error message is displayed. This is an example of a

A) reasonableness test.

B) field check.

C) validity check.

D) limit check.

Answer:

Page Ref: 276

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 39) Modest Expectations Investment Services (MEIS) allows customers to manage their investments over the Internet. If customers attempt to spend more money than they have in their account, an error message is displayed. This is an example of a

A) reasonableness test.

B) field check.

C) validity check.

D) limit check.

Answer:

Page Ref: 276

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Analytic

40) The Spontaneous Combustion Rocket Shoppe in downtown Fargo, North Dakota, generates three quarters of its revenue from orders taken over the Internet. The revenue clearing account is debited by the total of cash and credit receipts and credited by the total of storefront and Internet sales. This is an example of a

A) data integrity test.

B) zero-balance test.

C) trial balance audit.

D) cross-footing balance test.

Answer:

Page Ref: 278

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 41) What is the most effective way to ensure information system availability?

A) High bandwidth

B) Maintain a hot site

C) Maintain a cold site

D) Frequent backups

Answer:

Page Ref: 287

Objective:  Learning Objective 2

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 42) Concerning system availability, which of the following statements is true?

A) Human error does not threaten system availability.

B) Proper controls can maximize the risk of threats causing significant system downtime.

C) Threats to system availability can be completely eliminated.

D) Threats to system availability include hardware and software failures as well as natural and man-made disasters.

Answer:

Page Ref: 284

Objective:  Learning Objective 2

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

43) Which of the following is not an objective of a disaster recovery plan?

A) Minimize the extent of the disruption, damage or loss.

B) Permanently establish an alternative means of processing information.

C) Resume normal operations as soon as possible.

D) Train employees for emergency operations.

Answer:

Page Ref: 287

Objective:  Learning Objective 2

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 44) Which item below would not typically be part of an adequate disaster recovery plan?

A) a system upgrade due to operating system software changes

B) uninterruptible power systems installed for key system components

C) scheduled electronic vaulting of files

D) backup computer and telecommunication facilities

Answer:

Page Ref: 287

Objective:  Learning Objective 2

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 45) A facility that contains all the computing equipment the organization needs to perform its essential business activities is known as a

A) cold site.

B) hot site.

C) remote site.

D) subsidiary location.

Answer:

Page Ref: 287

Objective:  Learning Objective 2

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 46) A facility that is pre-wired for necessary telecommunications and computer equipment, but doesn't have equipment installed, is known as a

A) cold site.

B) hot site.

C) remote site.

D) subsidiary location.

Answer:

Page Ref: 287

Objective:  Learning Objective 2

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

47) When a computer system's files are automatically duplicated on a second data storage system as they are changed, the process is referred to as

A) real-time mirroring.

B) batch updating.

C) consistency control.

D) double-secure storage.

Answer:

Page Ref: 287

Objective:  Learning Objective 2

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 48) ________ enables a system to continue functioning in the event that a particular component fails.

A) An incremental backup procedure

B) Fault tolerance

C) Preventive maintenance

D) A concurrent update control

Answer:

Page Ref: 284

Objective:  Learning Objective 2

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 49) A copy of a database, master file, or software that will be retained indefinitely as a historical record is known as a(n)

A) archive.

B) cloud computing.

C) differential backup.

D) incremental backup.

Answer:

Page Ref: 286

Objective:  Learning Objective 2

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

50) While this type of backup process takes longer than the alternative, restoration is easier and faster.

A) Archive

B) Cloud computing

C) Differential backup

D) Incremental backup

Answer:

Page Ref: 286

Objective:  Learning Objective 2

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 51) ________ involves copying only the data items that have changed since the last partial backup.

A) Archive

B) Cloud computing

C) Differential backup

D) Incremental backup

Answer:

Page Ref: 285

Objective:  Learning Objective 2

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 52) ________ copies all changes made since the last full backup.

A) Archive

B) Cloud computing

C) Differential backup

D) Incremental backup

Answer:

Page Ref: 286

Objective:  Learning Objective 2

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 53) The maximum amount of time between backups is determined by a company's

A) recovery time objective.

B) recovery point objective.

C) recovery objective.

D) maximum time recovery objective.

Answer:

Page Ref: 285

Objective:  Learning Objective 2

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Analytic

54) The maximum acceptable down time after a computer system failure is determined by a company's

A) recovery time objective.

B) recovery point objective.

C) recovery objective.

D) maximum time recovery objective.

Answer:

Page Ref: 285

Objective:  Learning Objective 2

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 55) The accounting department at Synergy Hydroelectric records an average of 12,500 transactions per hour. By cost-benefit analysis, managers have concluded that the maximum acceptable loss of data in the event of a system failure is 25,000 transactions. If the firm's recovery time objective is 120 minutes, then the worst case recovery time objective is

A) 1 hour

B) 2 hours

C) 3 hours

D) 4 hours

Answer:

Page Ref: 285

Objective:  Learning Objective 2

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 56) The accounting department at Synergy Hydroelectric records an average of 10,000 transactions per hour. By cost-benefit analysis, managers have concluded that the maximum acceptable loss of data in the event of a system failure is 20,000 transactions. If the firm's recovery time objective is 60 minutes, then the worst case recovery time objective is

A) 1 hour

B) 2 hours

C) 3 hours

D) 4 hours

Answer:

Page Ref: 285

Objective:  Learning Objective 2

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

57) The accounting department at Synergy Hydroelectric records an average of 10,000 transactions per hour. By cost-benefit analysis, managers have concluded that the maximum acceptable loss of data in the event of a system failure is 40,000 transactions. The firm's recovery point objective is therefore

A) 40,000 transactions

B) 10,000 transactions

C) 10 hours

D) 4 hours

Answer:

Page Ref: 285

Objective:  Learning Objective 2

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 58) The accounting department at Synergy Hydroelectric records an average of 12,500 transactions per hour. By cost-benefit analysis, managers have concluded that the maximum acceptable loss of data in the event of a system failure is 25,000 transactions. The firm's recovery point objective is therefore

A) 25,000 transactions

B) 12,500 transactions

C) 1 hour

D) 2 hours

Answer:

Page Ref: 285

Objective:  Learning Objective 2

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 59) This control entails verifying that the proper number of bits are set to the value 1 in each character received.

A) Echo check

B) Field check

C) Parity check

D) Trailer record

Answer:

Page Ref: 279

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

60) Probably the most important change management control is

A) monitoring user rights and privileges during the change process.

B) testing all changes thoroughly prior to implementation on a stand-alone computer.

C) updating all documentation to reflect changes made to the system.

D) management's careful monitoring and review.

Answer:

Page Ref: 289

Objective:  Learning Objective 2

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 61) Which of the following is true?

A) Cloud computing is a control technique for system availability.

B) Cloud computing eliminates the need for backup of applications and data.

C) Cloud computing refers to the practice of storing application files and backup data on satellites 'in the clouds'.

D) Cloud computing eliminates the need for companies to own their own software and servers.

Answer:

Page Ref: 288

Objective:  Learning Objective 2

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 62) Discuss how cloud computing could both positively and negatively affect system availability.

 63) Define and contrast a recovery point objective and a recovery time objective.

   Accounting Information Systems, 12e (Romney/Steinbart)

Chapter 11   Auditing Computer-Based Information Systems

 1) Auditing involves the

A) collection, review, and documentation of audit evidence.

B) planning and verification of economic events.

C) collection of audit evidence and approval of economic events.

D) testing, documentation, and certification of audit evidence.

Answer:

Page Ref: 303

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 2) What is not a typical responsibility of an internal auditor?

A) helping management to improve organizational effectiveness

B) assisting in the design and implementation of an AIS

C) preparation of the company's financial statements

D) implementing and monitoring of internal controls

Answer:

Page Ref: 303

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 3) Which type of work listed below is not typical of internal auditors?

A) operational and management audits

B) information system audits

C) financial statement audit

D) financial audit of accounting records

Answer:

Page Ref: 303

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 4) The ________ audit examines the reliability and integrity of accounting records.

A) financial

B) informational

C) information systems

D) operational

Answer:

Page Ref: 303

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

5) The ________ audit reviews the general and application controls of an AIS to assess its compliance with internal control policies and procedures and its effectiveness in safeguarding assets.

A) financial

B) information systems

C) management

D) internal control

Answer:

Page Ref: 304

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 6) One type of audit that is concerned with the economical and efficient use of resources and the accomplishment of established goals and objectives is known as a(n) ________ audit.

A) financial

B) information systems

C) internal control

D) operational or management

Answer:

Page Ref: 304

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 7) The ________ audit is concerned with the economical and efficient use of resources and the accomplishment of established goals and objectives.

A) financial

B) informational

C) information systems

D) operational

Answer:

Page Ref: 304

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

8) The purpose of ________ is to determine why, how, when, and who will perform the audit.

A) audit planning

B) the collection of audit evidence

C) the communication of audit results

D) the evaluation of audit evidence

Answer:

Page Ref: 304

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 9) Organizing the audit team and the physical examination of assets are components of which two separate audit stages?

A) planning; evaluating audit evidence

B) planning; collecting audit evidence

C) collecting audit evidence; communicating audit results

D) communicating audit results; evaluating audit evidence

Answer:

Page Ref: 304-305

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 10) With which stage in the auditing process are the consideration of risk factors and materiality most associated?

A) audit planning

B) collection of audit evidence

C) communication of audit results

D) evaluation of audit evidence

Answer:

Page Ref: 304

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 11) A system that employs various types of advanced technology has more ________ risk than traditional batch processing.

A) control

B) detection

C) inherent

D) investing

Answer:

Page Ref: 304

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

12) Control risk is defined as the

A) susceptibility to material risk in the absence of controls.

B) risk that a material misstatement will get through the internal control structure and into the financial statements.

C) risk that auditors and their audit procedures will not detect a material error or misstatement.

D) risk auditors will not be given the appropriate documents and records by management who wants to control audit activities and procedures.

Answer:

Page Ref: 304

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 13) The possibility that a material error will occur even though auditors are following audit procedures and using good judgment is referred to as

A) control risk.

B) detection risk.

C) inherent risk.

D) investigating risk.

Answer:

Page Ref: 305

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 14) The ________ stage of the auditing process involves (among other things) the auditors observing the operating activities and having discussions with employees.

A) audit planning

B) collection of audit evidence

C) communication of audit results

D) evaluation of audit evidence

Answer:

Page Ref: 305

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

15) Verifying the accuracy of certain information, often through communication with third parties, is known as

A) reperformance.

B) confirmation.

C) substantiation.

D) documentation.

Answer:

Page Ref: 305

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 16) The evidence collection method that examines all supporting documents to determine the validity of a transaction is called

A) review of documentation.

B) vouching.

C) physical examination.

D) analytical review.

Answer:

Page Ref: 306

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 17) The evidence collection method that considers the relationships and trends among information to detect items that should be investigated further is called

A) review of the documentation.

B) vouching.

C) physical examination.

D) analytical review.

Answer:

Page Ref: 306

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Analytic

18) Assessing the quality of internal controls, the reliability of information, and operating performance are all part of which stage of the auditing process?

A) audit planning

B) collection of audit evidence

C) evaluation of audit evidence

D) communication of audit results

Answer:

Page Ref: 306

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 19) An auditor must be willing to accept some degree of risk that the audit conclusion is incorrect. Accordingly, the auditor's objective is to seek ________ that no material error exists in the information audited.

A) absolute reliability

B) reasonable evidence

C) reasonable assurance

D) reasonable objectivity

Answer:

Page Ref: 306

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 20) The risk-based audit approach is

A) a four-step approach to internal control evaluation.

B) a four-step approach to financial statement review and recommendations.

C) a three-step approach to internal control evaluation.

D) a three-step approach to financial statement review and recommendations.

Answer:

Page Ref: 306

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 21) Which of the following is the first step in the risk-based audit approach?

A) Identify the control procedures that should be in place.

B) Evaluate the control procedures.

C) Determine the threats facing the AIS.

D) Evaluate weaknesses to determine their effect on the audit procedures.

Answer:

Page Ref: 306

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

22) Determining whether the necessary control procedures are in place is accomplished by conducting

A) a systems overhaul.

B) a systems review.

C) tests of controls.

D) both B and C

Answer:

Page Ref: 306

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Difficult

AACSB:  Analytic

 23) According to the risk-based auditing approach, when a control deficiency is identified, the auditor should inquire about

A) tests of controls.

B) the feasibility of a systems review.

C) materiality and inherent risk factors.

D) compensating controls.

Answer:

Page Ref: 306

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 24) The ________ to auditing provides auditors with a clear understanding of possible errors and irregularities and the related risks and exposures.

A) risk-based approach

B) risk-adjusted approach

C) financial audit approach

D) information systems approach

Answer:

Page Ref: 306

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

25) What is the purpose of an information systems audit?

A) To determine the inherent risk factors found in the system

B) To review and evaluate the internal controls that protect the system

C) To examine the reliability and integrity of accounting records

D) To examine whether resources have been used in an economical and efficient manner in keeping with organization goals and objectives

Answer:

Page Ref: 307

Objective:  Learning Objective 2

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 26) The information systems audit objective that pertains to source data being processed into some form of output is known as

A) overall security.

B) program development.

C) program modifications.

D) processing.

Answer:

Page Ref: 307

Objective:  Learning Objective 2

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 27) To maintain the objectivity necessary for performing an independent evaluation function, auditors should not be involved in

A) making recommendations to management for improvement of existing internal controls.

B) examining system access logs.

C) examining logical access policies and procedures.

D) developing the information system.

Answer:

Page Ref: 309

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Analytic

28) The auditor's role in systems development should be as

A) an advisor and developer of internal control specifications.

B) a developer of internal controls.

C) an independent reviewer only.

D) A and B above

Answer:

Page Ref: 309

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 29) Regarding program modifications, which statement below is incorrect?

A) Only material program changes should be thoroughly tested and documented.

B) When a program change is submitted for approval, a list of all required updates should be compiled and then approved by management and program users.

C) During the change process, the developmental version of the program must be kept separate from the production version.

D) After the modified program has received final approval, the change is implemented by replacing the developmental version with the production version.

Answer:

Page Ref: 311

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 30) How could auditors determine if unauthorized program changes have been made?

A) By interviewing and making inquiries of the programming staff

B) By examining the systems design and programming documentation

C) By using a source code comparison program

D) By interviewing and making inquiries of recently terminated programming staff

Answer:

Page Ref: 311

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Analytic

31) Which auditing technique will not assist in determining if unauthorized programming changes have been made?

A) Use of a source code comparison program

B) Use of the reprocessing technique to compare program output

C) Interviewing and making inquiries of the programming staff

D) Use of parallel simulation to compare program output

Answer:

Page Ref: 311

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 32) Strong ________ controls can partially compensate for inadequate ________ controls.

A) development; processing

B) processing; development

C) operational; internal

D) internal; operational

Answer:

Page Ref: 310

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 33) The ________ procedure for auditing computer process controls uses a hypothetical series of valid and invalid transactions.

A) concurrent audit techniques

B) test data processing

C) integrated test facility

D) dual process

Answer:

Page Ref: 312

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 34) The auditor uses ________ to continuously monitor the system and collect audit evidence while live data are processed.

A) test data processing

B) parallel simulation

C) concurrent audit techniques

D) analysis of program logic

Answer:

Page Ref: 313

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Analytic

35) Auditors have several techniques available to them to test computer-processing controls. An audit technique that immediately alerts auditors of suspicious transactions is known as

A) a SCARF.

B) an audit hook.

C) an audit sinker.

D) the snapshot technique.

Answer:

Page Ref: 313

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 36) A type of software that auditors can use to analyze program logic and detect unexecuted program code is

A) a mapping program.

B) an audit log.

C) a scanning routine.

D) program tracing.

Answer:

Page Ref: 314

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 37) One tool used to document the review of source data controls is

A) a flowchart generator program.

B) a mapping program.

C) an input control matrix.

D) a program algorithm matrix.

Answer:

Page Ref: 314

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 38) An audit software program that generates programs that perform certain audit functions, based on auditor specifications, is referred to as a(n)

A) input controls matrix.

B) CAATS.

C) embedded audit module.

D) mapping program.

Answer:

Page Ref: 317

Objective:  Learning Objective 4

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Analytic

39) The use of a secure file library and restrictions on physical access to data files are control procedures used together to prevent

A) an employee or outsider obtaining data about an important client.

B) a data entry clerk from introducing data entry errors into the system.

C) a computer operator from losing or corrupting files or data during transaction processing.

D) programmers making unauthorized modifications to programs.

Answer:

Page Ref: 316

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Difficult

AACSB:  Analytic

 40) An auditor might use which of the following to convert data from several sources into a single common format?

A) computer assisted audit techniques software

B) Windows Media Converter

C) concurrent audit technique

D) Adobe Professional

Answer:

Page Ref: 317

Objective:  Learning Objective 4

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 41) What is the primary purpose of computer audit software?

A) eliminate auditor judgment errors

B) assist the auditor in retrieving and reviewing information

C) detect unauthorized modifications to system program code

D) recheck all mathematical calculations, cross-foot, reprocess financial statements and compare to originals

Answer:

Page Ref: 317

Objective:  Learning Objective 4

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

42) The scope of a(n) ________ audit encompasses all aspects of systems management.

A) operational

B) information systems

C) financial

D) internal control

Answer:

Page Ref: 318

Objective:  Learning Objective 5

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 43) Evaluating effectiveness, efficiency, and goal achievement are objectives of ________ audits.

A) financial

B) operational

C) information systems

D) all of the above

Answer:

Page Ref: 318

Objective:  Learning Objective 5

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 44) In the ________ stage of an operational audit, the auditor measures the actual system against an ideal standard.

A) evidence collection

B) evidence evaluation

C) testing

D) internal control

Answer:

Page Ref: 318

Objective:  Learning Objective 5

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 45) An increase in the effectiveness of internal controls would have the greatest effect on

A) reducing control risk.

B) reducing detection risk.

C) reducing inherent risk.

D) reducing audit risk.

Answer:

Page Ref: 304

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Difficult

AACSB: Analytic

46) An expansion of a firm's operations to include production in Russia and China will have the effect of

A) increasing inherent risk.

B) reducing inherent risk.

C) increasing control risk.

D) reducing control risk.

Answer:

Page Ref: 304

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 47) An increase in the effectiveness of auditing software will have the effect of

A) increasing detection risk.

B) reducing detection risk.

C) increasing control risk.

D) reducing control risk.

Answer:

Page Ref: 305

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 48) An auditor examines all documents related to the acquisition, repair history, and disposal of a firm's delivery van. This is an example of collecting audit evidence by

A) confirmation.

B) reperformance.

C) vouching.

D) analytical review.

Answer:

Page Ref: 306

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 49) An auditor manually calculates accumulated depreciation on a delivery van and compares her calculation with accounting records. This is an example collecting audit evidence by

A) confirmation.

B) reperformance.

C) vouching.

D) analytical review.

Answer:

Page Ref: 305

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

50) An auditor finds that employee absentee rates are significantly higher on Mondays and Fridays than on other work days. This is an example collecting audit evidence by

A) confirmation.

B) reperformance.

C) vouching.

D) analytical review.

Answer:

Page Ref: 306

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 51) An auditor creates a fictitious customer in the system and then creates several fictitious sales to the customer. The records are then tracked as they are processed by the system. The auditor is using

A) an integrated test facility.

B) the snapshot technique.

C) a system control audit review file.

D) continuous and intermittent simulation.

Answer:

Page Ref: 313

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Difficult

AACSB:  Analytic

 52) An auditor sets an embedded audit module to flag all credit transactions in excess of $1,500. The flag causes the system state to be recorded before and after each transaction is processed. The auditor is using

A) an integrated test facility.

B) the snapshot technique.

C) a system control audit review file.

D) audit hooks.

Answer:

Page Ref: 313

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Analytic

53) An auditor sets an embedded audit module to record all credit transactions in excess of $1,500 and store the data in an audit log. The auditor is using

A) the snapshot technique.

B) a system control audit review file.

C) audit hooks.

D) continuous and intermittent simulation.

Answer:

Page Ref: 313

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 54) An auditor sets an embedded audit module to flag questionable online transactions, display information about the transaction on the auditor's computer, and send a text message to the auditor's cell phone. The auditor is using

A) the snapshot technique.

B) a system control audit review file.

C) audit hooks.

D) continuous and intermittent simulation.

Answer:

Page Ref: 313

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Difficult

AACSB:  Analytic

 55) An auditor sets an embedded audit module to selectively monitor transactions. Selected transactions are then reprocessed independently, and the results are compared with those obtained by the normal system processing. The auditor is using

A) an integrated test facility.

B) the snapshot technique.

C) a system control audit review file.

D) continuous and intermittent simulation.

Answer:

Page Ref: 313

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Difficult

AACSB: Analytic

56) Which of the following is not one of the types of internal audits?

A) reviewing corporate organizational structure and reporting hierarchies

B) examining procedures for reporting and disposing of hazardous waste

C) reviewing source documents and general ledger accounts to determine integrity of recorded transactions

D) comparing estimates and analysis made before purchase of a major capital asset to actual numbers and results achieved

Answer:

Page Ref: 304

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Reflective Thinking

 57) When programmers are working with program code, they often employ utilities that are also used in auditing. For example, as program code evolves, it is often the case that blocks of code are superseded by other blocks of code. Blocks of code that are not executed by the program can be identified by

A) embedded audit modules.

B) scanning routines.

C) mapping programs.

D) automated flow charting programs.

Answer:

Page Ref: 314

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 58) When programmers are working with program code, they often employ utilities that are also used in auditing. For example, as program code evolves, it is often the case that variables defined during the early part of development become irrelevant. The occurrences of variables that are not used by the program can be found using

A) program tracing.

B) scanning routines.

C) mapping programs.

D) embedded audit modules.

Answer:

Page Ref: 314

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Analytic

59) Explain the differences between each type of audit risk.

 60) Explain why the auditor's role in program development and acquisition should be limited.

 61) How and to whom does an auditor communicate the audit results?

 62) Audit tests and procedures traditionally have been performed on a sample basis. Do options exist for auditors to test significantly more (or all) transactions?

 63) When doing an information systems audit, auditors must review and evaluate the program development process. What errors or fraud could occur during the program development process?

 64) Briefly describe tests that can be used to detect unauthorized program modifications.

 65) Define and give examples of embedded audit modules.

 66) How is a financial audit different from an information systems audit?

 67) Why do all audits follow a sequence of events that can be divided into four stages, and what are the four stages?

 68) Name and describe the different types of audits.

AACSB:  Analytic

 69) Describe the risk-based audit approach.

 71) Describe the disadvantages of test data processing.

 72) Describe how audit evidence can be collected.

   Accounting Information Systems, 12e (Romney/Steinbart)

Chapter 12   The Revenue Cycle: Sales to Cash Collections

 1) In organizations with at least basic segregation of duties, the credit manager reports to the ________ and the treasurer reports to the ________.

A) controller; vice president of finance

B) treasurer; controller

C) marketing manager; vice president of finance

D) treasurer; vice president of finance

Answer:

Page Ref: 331

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 2) In the revenue cycle, before a shipping notice is prepared, the shipping department personnel should match the inventory received from the warehouse to details from

A) picking tickets.

B) sales order and bill of lading.

C) sales order.

D) picking ticket and sales order.

Answer:

Page Ref: 345

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 3) Which is the best control to prevent invoicing customers for the quantity ordered, which was more than the quantity shipped due to items on backorder?

A) Use the information from the packing slip to prepare the sales invoice.

B) Use the information from the picking ticket to prepare the sales invoice.

C) Use the information from the bill of lading to prepare the sales invoice.

D) Use the information from the sales order to prepare the sales invoice.

Answer:

Page Ref: 350

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

4) The cashier deposits checks in the bank for Very Large Corporation (VLC) and also prepares payments to vendors. Of the following, who is best to reconcile the bank statement to VLC's records on a regular basis?

A) Internal audit department

B) Treasurer

C) External auditor

D) Cashier

Answer:

Page Ref: 355

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 5) Which of the following documents normally triggers the billing process in the revenue cycle?

A) Packing slip received from the shipping department

B) Sales order received from the sales department

C) Picking ticket received from the sales department

D) Journal voucher received from the shipping department

Answer:

Page Ref: 348

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 6) Which of the following documents would normally trigger the process to record a customer payment?

A) Remittance advice

B) Customer monthly statement

C) Deposit slip

D) Sales invoice

Answer:

Page Ref: 353

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

7) Which document should always be included with a merchandise shipment to a customer?

A) Packing slip

B) Picking ticket        

C) Remittance advice

D) Sales invoice

Answer:

Page Ref: 345

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 8) A monthly statement sent to customers serves a control purpose by

A) providing an opportunity for customers to verify the balance owed and activity on the account.

B) triggering the process to record a customer payment.

C) summarizing invoices and amounts due for customers.

D) reminding customers of the balance due and due date.

Answer:

Page Ref: 355

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Reflective Thinking

 9) Accounting recognizes a sale when

A) inventory becomes the legal property of the customer.

B) cash is received from the customer.

C) a sales order is approved by sales, inventory control, and credit departments.

D) inventory is removed from the warehouse.

Answer:

Page Ref: 345

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 10) Which of the following is not one of the controls for the mail room where customer payments are commingled with other mail?

A) Requiring the controller to be personally present when mail is received and opened

B) Preparing a remittance list as mail is opened

C) Restrictively endorsing checks when received

D) Requiring two mail room clerks to open mail together

Answer:

Page Ref: 337

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

11) What is the primary objective of the revenue cycle?

A) to maximize revenue and minimize expense

B) to reduce outstanding accounts receivable balances through increased cash sales

C) to provide the right product in the right place at the right time at the right price

D) to sell as much product as possible and/or to maximize service billings

Answer:

Page Ref: 332

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 12) Which of the decisions below is not ordinarily found as part of the revenue cycle?

A) What credit terms should be offered?

B) How often should accounts receivable be subjected to audit?

C) How can customer payments be processed to maximize cash flows?

D) What are the optimal prices for each product or service?

Answer:

Page Ref: 332-333

Objective:  Learning Objective 2

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 13) Which of the following is not a basic activity of the revenue cycle?

A) sales order entry

B) shipping

C) receiving

D) billing

Answer:

Page Ref: 333

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 14) Retail stores could send their orders directly to the manufacturer's sales order system in a format that would eliminate the need for data entry, using

A) Vendor Managed Inventory.

B) Electronic Data Interchange.

C) Point Of Sale.

D) Electronic Funds Transfer.

Answer:

Page Ref: 338

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

15) Matching customer account numbers and inventory item numbers to the numbers in the customer and inventory master files is an example of a

A) completeness test.

B) field check.

C) reasonableness test.

D) validity check.

Answer:

Page Ref: 339

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 16) During the sales order entry process, a ________ is performed to compare the quantity ordered with the standard amounts normally ordered.

A) completeness test

B) redundant data check

C) field check

D) reasonableness test

Answer:

Page Ref: 339

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 17) During the sales order entry process, a ________ is performed to verify that each transaction record contains all appropriate data items.

A) completeness test

B) redundant data check

C) field check

D) reasonableness test

Answer:

Page Ref: 339

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

18) When a customer places an order (on account) for a certain product, what should be done before the order is checked for inventory availability?

A) The customer's available credit should be checked.

B) The sales order should be created and written to a file.

C) Shipping should be notified of an order in process.

D) A picking list should be generated for the warehouse.

Answer:

Page Ref: 335

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 19) How is credit approval generally handled for established customers with a documented payment history?

A) Specific authorization by the credit manager

B) General authorization by a sales clerk

C) A new credit application is requested

D) A formal credit check should be made for each sale

Answer:

Page Ref: 340

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 20) What is a typical procedure for processing sales orders from new customers or customers making a purchase that causes their credit limit to be exceeded?

A) General authorization to approve the order is given to sales clerks.

B) Specific authorization must be granted by the credit manager.

C) The sale should be rejected.

D) The sales clerk should order a report from a credit bureau before approving the order.

Answer:

Page Ref: 340

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

21) A company should check inventory quantities before accepting a sales order for all the following reasons except to

A) verify the accuracy of the perpetual inventory records.

B) inform the customer about availability and delivery times.

C) know which items may need to be back ordered.

D) update inventory records to reduce the quantity available by the number of items ordered.

Answer:

Page Ref: 341-342

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 22) Responding to customer inquiries and general customer service is an important aspect in the revenue cycle. Since customer service is so important, software programs have been created to help manage this function. These special software packages are called

A) EDI systems.

B) POS systems.

C) VMI systems.

D) CRM systems.

Answer:

Page Ref: 343

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 23) The best solution for maintaining accurate automated perpetual inventory system is to use

A) closed-loop verification when inventory is received from vendors and recorded.

B) point of sale devices integrated with inventory records.

C) periodic physical counts to reconcile with perpetual inventory records.

D) RFID tags.

Answer:

Page Ref: 342

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

24) This document is a legal contract that defines responsibility for goods that are in transit.

A) packing slip

B) bill of lading

C) picking list

D) back order

Answer:

Page Ref: 345

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 25) Two documents usually accompany goods shipped to a customer. What are the two documents?

A) a bill of lading and an invoice

B) a packing slip and a bill of lading

C) an invoice and a packing slip

D) an invoice and a sales order

Answer:

Page Ref: 345

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 26) What is the basic document created in the billing process?

A) bill of lading

B) sales order

C) packing list

D) sales invoice

Answer:

Page Ref: 349

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 27) A company uses the method for tracking accounts receivable where customers pay according to individual sales invoices. This describes the ________ method.

A) monthly statement

B) open-invoice

C) balance forward

D) cycle billing

Answer:

Page Ref: 350

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Analytic

28) A method for tracking accounts receivable that matches specific invoices and payments from the customer is called a(n) ________ method.

A) specific identification

B) balance forward

C) cycle billing

D) open-invoice

Answer:

Page Ref: 350

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 29) The document a customer returns with their payment and that identifies the source and the amount of the payment is called a

A) remittance advice.

B) remittance list.

C) credit memorandum.

D) debit memorandum.

Answer:

Page Ref: 350

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 30) In the ________ method of tracking accounts receivable, customers pay according to the amount showing on their monthly statement and payments are applied against the total account balance.

A) specific identification

B) open-invoice

C) balance forward

D) remittance advice

Answer:

Page Ref: 350

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Analytic

31) When a customer pays off the balance on an invoice, the payment is credited to the ________ file.

A) customer master

B) sales transaction

C) cash receipts master

D) All of the above are correct.

Answer:

Page Ref: 351

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Reflective Thinking

 32) A type of business document in which part of the original document is returned to the source for further processing is called a ________ document.

A) feedback

B) returnable

C) closed-loop

D) turnaround

Answer:

Page Ref: 350

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 33) A document typically encountered in the revenue cycle that is both an output document and a source document is the

A) sales invoice.

B) customer purchase order.

C) sales order.

D) packing slip.

Answer:

Page Ref: 349

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Analytic

34) A ________ system prepares and mails monthly statements to customers throughout the entire month, instead of just at the end of the month.

A) continuous

B) open-invoice

C) cycle billing

D) balance forward

Answer:

Page Ref: 351

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 35) The accounts receivable department must know when customers pay their invoices, yet segregation of duties controls dictate that the collection and recording functions be kept separate from each other. What is a solution to this potential internal control problem?

A) Have customers send a remittance advice with their payment.

B) Have mailroom personnel prepare a remittance list which can be forwarded to accounts receivable.

C) Establish a lockbox arrangement with a bank.

D) all of the above

Answer:

Page Ref: 353-354

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 36) The benefits of a lockbox arrangement with a bank are maximized when

A) the bank is located nearby to the company, so remittance advices can be delivered to the company every day.

B) several banks around the country are used, in order to minimize the time payments spend in the mail.

C) an arrangement is made with only one bank, so all remittance advices can be batched for processing.

D) the bank deposits the payments and accesses the customer's information system to record the payments.

Answer:

Page Ref: 354

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Analytic

37) An arrangement where a bank receives customer payments through the postal system, scans the remittance advices, and transmits payment data to the business electronically is known as

A) e-commerce.

B) an electronic lockbox.

C) electronic funds transfer (EFT).

D) electronic data interchange (EDI).

Answer:

Page Ref: 354

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 38) Customers that send their payments electronically directly to the company's bank are using

A) electronic data interchange (EDI).

B) electronic funds transfer (EFT).

C) procurement cards.

D) an electronic lockbox.

Answer:

Page Ref: 354

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 39) A way to incorporate the advantages of Electronic Data Interchange with the Electronic Funds Transfer is

A) Financial Electronic Data Interchange.

B) e-commerce.

C) to use procurement cards.

D) an electronic lockbox.

Answer:

Page Ref: 354

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

40) Key differences exist when an integrated Enterprise Resource Planning system (ERP) replaces an existing AIS or legacy system. For example, ________ are more accurate and timely, enabling sales order entry staff to provide customers more accurate information about delivery dates.

A) inventory records

B) cash receipts

C) credit approval decisions

D) exception reports

Answer:

Page Ref: 342

Objective:  Learning Objective 2

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 41) When an ERP is used, it is assumed that there will be increases in efficiency and the effectiveness of the activities related to the revenue cycle. However, what must be in place and functioning well to fully realize these benefits?

A) an effective marketing staff

B) all the components of the expenditure cycle

C) adequate controls

D) adequate system flowchart documentation

Answer:

Page Ref: 335

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 42) The activities involved in soliciting and processing customer orders within the revenue cycle are known as the ________.

A) sales order entry process

B) shipping order process

C) revenue process

D) marketing process

Answer:

Page Ref: 337

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

43) To ensure proper segregation of duties, only the ________ has authority to issue credit memos.

A) accounts receivable supervisor

B) controller

C) credit manager

D) cashier

Answer:

Page Ref: 352

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 44) It has been discovered that credit sales have been made to customers with a poor credit rating. If this continues, the company will face increasing uncollectible receivables and losses due to bad debts. Separation of duties between ________ and ________ should help resolve the problem.

A) shipping; billing duties

B) credit approval; marketing

C) billing; credit approval

D) marketing; accounts receivable

Answer:

Page Ref: 340

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 45) Consider the following revenue cycle scenario: The company has been exposed to customer dissatisfaction and the suggested control procedure to be implemented is to install and use bar-code scanners. What is the threat?

A) The company may be shipping the wrong merchandise.

B) The company may be shipping the wrong quantities of merchandise.

C) The company may be shipping orders to the wrong address.

D) All of the above threats may apply to this scenario.

Answer:

Page Ref: 345

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

46) Which of the following would be the least effective control to minimize the loss of inventory?

A) Secure the storage location of inventory.

B) Release inventory only with proper documentation.

C) Periodically back up all perpetual inventory records.

D) Reconcile the physical counts with and perpetual records.

Answer:

Page Ref: 345

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 47) Separating the shipping and billing functions is designed to reduce the threat of

A) failure to bill customers.

B) billing customers for wrong quantities.

C) billing customers before merchandise has been shipped.

D) shipping the wrong merchandise.

Answer:

Page Ref: 350

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Reflective Thinking

 48) All of the following edit checks for online editing of accounts receivable transactions would probably be included except

A) validity checks on customer ID and invoice numbers.

B) check digit verification on the amount of the sale.

C) closed loop verification on the customer ID.

D) field checks on the values in dollar fields.

Answer:

Page Ref: 352

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

49) When a proper segregation of duties exists in the area of handling cash receipts, the ________, who reports to the ________, actually handles the cash and is not the same person who posts cash receipts to customer accounts.

A) cashier; treasurer

B) cashier; controller

C) accountant; treasurer

D) accountant; controller

Answer:

Page Ref: 355

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 50) In a revenue cycle with proper controls, the ________ who reports to the ________, is not involved in any cash handling activities.

A) accounts receivable clerk; treasurer

B) accounts receivable clerk; controller

C) cashier; controller

D) cashier; treasurer

Answer:

Page Ref: 355

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 51) A serious exposure in the revenue cycle is loss of assets. What is the related threat and applicable control procedure that address this exposure?

A) shipping errors; reconciliation of sales order with picking ticket and packing slip

B) theft of cash; segregation of duties and minimization of cash handling

C) making sales that turn out to be uncollectible; force sales people to make collection calls on customers with past due balances

D) poor performance; preparation and review of performance reports

Answer:

Page Ref: 337

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Analytic

52) Which of the following duties could be performed by the same individual and not violate segregation of duty controls?

A) handling cash and posting to customer accounts

B) issuing credit memos and maintaining customer accounts

C) handling cash and authorizing credit memos

D) handling cash receipts and mailing vendor payments

Answer:

Page Ref: 355

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Reflective Thinking

 53) To prevent the loss of valuable data in the revenue cycle, internal file labels can be used to

A) keep competitors from accessing files.

B) record off-site storage locations.

C) organize the on-site physical storage site.

D) reduce the possibility of erasing important files.

Answer:

Page Ref: 277, 335

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 54) The manager of Callow Youth Clothing was entering an order online from Sad Clown Pajamas. He ordered 100 one-size fits all pajama bottoms, but when he ordered 1000 one-size fits all pajama tops, the following error message popped up: "Did you mean to enter a quantity of 1000 for your order?" This message is the result of a

A) reasonableness test.

B) validity check.

C) limit check.

D) closed-loop verification.

Answer:

Page Ref: 339

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

55) The manager of Callow Youth Clothing was entering an order online from Sad Clown Pajamas. He entered all the items and quantities, completed the checkout and payment process, but the following error message popped up when he tried to exit the site: "Please enter your email address." This message is likely the result of a

A) customer relationship management software application.

B) validity check.

C) completeness test.

D) closed-loop verification.

Answer:

Page Ref: 339

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Reflective Thinking

 56) Sad Clown Pajamas is an Internet-based wholesaler. Customers enter their orders online. The manager of Callow Youth Clothing was entering an order when the following error message popped up: "Your total order exceeds your available credit. A Credit Department representative will contact you within 24 hours." This message is the result of a

A) validity check.

B) reasonableness test.

C) limit check.

D) sign check.

Answer:

Page Ref: 340

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Reflective Thinking

 57) In Petaluma, California, electric power is provided to consumers by the Power To The People Electrical Company, a local co-op. Each month PTTP mails bills to 70,000 households and then processes payments as they are received. The customers are provided with a remittance advice, which is a

A) warning that failure to pay by the due date will result in a late charge.

B) confirmation of the firm's privacy policy.

C) turnaround document.

D) bill.

Answer:

Page Ref: 350

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

58) Laz Chance wears roller blades and headphones when he is at work at the Squishy Things Toy Company. He is a product packer. The headphones give him computer-generated instructions so he knows the location of each item and quantity that should be included in the order. These instructions are the equivalent of a

A) picking ticket.

B) bill of lading.

C) packing slip.

D) sales order.

Answer:

Page Ref: 342

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 59) The shipping department at Squishy Things Toy Company follows policies that determine which carrier will deliver orders according to the size, weight, and destination of the shipment. It maintains standing agreements with shippers that specify legal responsibility for the shipment while it is in transit. The terms of the agreements are documented on

A) picking tickets.

B) bills of lading.

C) packing slips.

D) RFID tags.

Answer:

Page Ref: 345

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 60) Sad Clown Pajamas is an Internet-based wholesaler. The manager of Callow Youth Clothing received an order from Sad Clown and found that the wrong product had been shipped. He repackaged the order and sent it back for a refund. When Sad Clown Pajamas received the returned product, they mailed a ______ to Callow Youth Clothing's manager.

A) packing slip

B) letter requesting an explanation

C) remittance advice

D) credit memo

Answer:

Page Ref: 352

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

61) A customer service manager at Sad Clown Pajamas, Bob, received a call from the manager at Callow Youth Clothing, who informed Bob that Callow was entering bankruptcy liquidation and it was unlikely that they would be able to pay the outstanding balance on their account. Bob should

A) document the phone conversation and forward it to the billing department manager.

B) prepare a credit memo.

C) approve a credit memo.

D) document the phone conversation and forward it to the credit department manager.

Answer:

Page Ref: 352

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Difficult

AACSB:  Reflective Thinking

 62) Because it is the most fungible of all assets, the management of cash has always been the most difficult of all control issues. The most important of cash controls is

A) minimization of cash handling.

B) lockbox arrangements.

C) segregation of duties.

D) frequent reconciliation of records.

Answer:

Page Ref: 355

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 63) A sales clerk at an electronics store scanned the bar code for a low cost set of headphones and then substituted a high cost set of headphones for his friend, who paid the lower price. Which of the following controls would best help to prevent this sort of fraud?

A) Use of RFID tags

B) Physical inventory count

C) Segregation of duties

D) Limited physical access to bar codes

Answer:

Page Ref: 342

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Analytic

64) The accounts receivable management method typically used by credit card companies is

A) balance forward.

B) postbilling.

C) monthly statement.

D) open-invoice.

Answer:

Page Ref: 351

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 65) The accounts receivable clerk destroys all invoices for sales made to family and friends and does not record the sales in the accounts receivable subsidiary ledgers. The family and friends usually give the clerk cash as a"thank you". Which procedure will not prevent or detect this fraud?

A) Send monthly statements to all customers with balances owed.

B) Reconcile sales invoices in the billing department to the total debits to accounts receivable subsidiary ledgers.

C) Sequentially prenumber all invoices and prepare a sequence check at the end of each day.

D) Reconcile the accounts receivable control account to the accounts receivable subsidiary ledger.

Answer:

Page Ref: 350

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Reflective Thinking

 66) Which of the following poses an internal control problem?

A) Physical inspection of inventory quantity and condition is outsourced to a firm that specializes in this service.

B) Products are released from inventory after a warehouse employee and a shipping clerk both sign the pick list.

C) Sales representatives have authority to increase customers' credit limits in $1,000 increments.

D) When customer payments are received in the mail, checks are sent to the cashier's office and remittance advices are sent to the accounts receivable department.

Answer:

Page Ref: 340

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

67) For sales returns, the least effective control to prevent fraudulent processing of a credit memo is to

A) reconcile total of credit memos to total debits posted to customers' subsidiary ledgers.

B) require approval for each credit memo by the credit manager.

C) sequentially prenumber all credit memos and perform a sequence check at the end of each day.

D) match each credit memo with a receiving report.

Answer:

Page Ref: 352

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Reflective Thinking

 68) Describe the basic revenue cycle activities.

 69) Explain how validity checks, completeness tests and reasonableness tests can be implemented to ensure accuracy of customer orders.

 70) Define and describe benefits of a CRM system.

 71) How can Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) facilitate the billing and accounts receivable process?

 72) Describe typical credit approval procedures.

 73) Describe the two methods to manage accounts receivable.

 74) Describe cycle billing and identify how an organization might benefit by using cycle billing.

 75) Failure to collect cash on credit sales is a threat in the revenue cycle. What controls can be used to help neutralize this threat?

 76) Discuss ways in which technology can be used to streamline cash collections.

 77) Describe four threats in the revenue cycle and identify appropriate controls for each threat.

 78) Discuss the general control issue of the loss of data, as it relates to the revenue cycle.

 79) Explain how to effectively segregate duties in the sales order activity.

 80) Discuss the revenue cycle threat of stockouts, carrying costs, and markdowns.

 81) You have been hired by a catalog company to computerize its sales order entry process. Approximately 70% of all orders are received over the telephone by a sales person. The other 30% of orders are received by a sales person through mail or fax. The catalog company wants the phone orders processed real-time. The mail and fax orders will be processed in batches of 50 orders. The following attributes are collected for every sales order:

           Customer number (if the order is from a new customer, a new number needs to be assigned)

           Customer name

           Address

           Payment method (credit card for phone and fax orders and check for mailed orders)

           Credit card number and expiration date

           Items ordered and quantity of each

           Unit price of each item ordered

Identify and describe at least ten specific control policies and procedures you will implement for the sales order process. Be very specific describing the controls and number each new control you suggest.

   Accounting Information Systems, 12e (Romney/Steinbart)

Chapter 13   The Expenditure Cycle: Purchasing to Cash Disbursements

 1) The Squishy Things Toy Company was established in 1948. It recently signed a large contract with a chain of retail toy stores. As a condition of the contract, the Squishy will be required to track and forecast product sales by linking in to the chain's sales database. Squishy will then be responsible for shipping products to the chain's regional warehouses as needed. The relationship between Squishy and the chain is an example of

A) vendor-managed inventory.

B) sales force automation.

C) electronic data interchange.

D) optical character recognition.

Answer:

Page Ref: 382

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 2) Requiring all packing slips be reconciled to purchase orders before accepting a delivery of inventory would be most likely to prevent which of the following situations?

A) A supplier delivers more inventory than ordered at the end of the year and sends an invoice for the total quantity delivered.

B) An employee mails a fake invoice to the company, which is then paid.

C) The inventory records are incorrectly updated when a receiving department employee enters the wrong product number on the receiving report.

D) Receiving department employees steal inventory and then claim the inventory was received and delivered to the warehouse.

Answer:

Page Ref: 386

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Reflective Thinking

 3) Comparing quantities on a vendor invoice to quantities on the receiving report would not prevent or detect which of the following situations?

A) Receiving and accepting inventory not ordered

B) Theft of inventory by receiving department employees

C) Update of wrong inventory items due to data entry error

D) Order for an excessive quantity of inventory

Answer:

Page Ref: 386

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

4) Which of the following would probably be the least effective control to mitigate the risk of paying an invoice payable to a phony vendor for inventory purchases, mailed to the company by an employee attempting to commit fraud?

A) Only pay from original invoices.

B) Cancel all invoices and supporting documentation when paid.

C) Strict access and authorization controls for the approved vendor master file.

D) Require three-way match for all inventory purchase invoices.

Answer:

Page Ref: 387

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

 5) Which of the following would be the least effective control to prevent paying the same vendor invoice twice?

A) Allow only the accounts payable department to authorize payment for vendor invoices and allow only the cash disbursements department to cut and mail checks to vendors.

B) Only pay from original invoices.

C) Cancel each document in the voucher package once the check is prepared and mailed.

D) Only pay vendor invoices that have been matched and reconciled to a purchase order and a receiving report.

Answer:

Page Ref: 391

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Reflective Thinking

 6) To accomplish the objectives set forth in the expenditure cycle, a number of key management decisions must be addressed. Which of the decisions below is not ordinarily found as part of the expenditure cycle?

A) How can cash payments to vendors be managed to maximize cash flow?

B) What is the optimal level of inventory and supplies to carry on hand?

C) Where should inventories and supplies be held?

D) What are the optimal prices for each product or service?

Answer:

Page Ref: 372

Objective:  Learning Objective 2

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

7)  One of the basic activities in the expenditure cycle is the receiving and storage of goods, supplies, and services. What is the counterpart of this activity in the revenue cycle?

A) sales order entry process

B) shipping function

C) cash collection activity

D) cash payments activity

Answer:

Page Ref: 373

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Reflective Thinking

 8) The traditional approach to inventory management to ensure sufficient quantity on hand to maintain production is known as

A) safety stock.

B) just-in-time production.

C) economic order quantity.

D) optimal inventory quantity.

Answer:

Page Ref: 378

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 9) Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) includes several variables that must be taken into consideration when calculating the optimal order size. One variable, the costs associated with holding inventory, is referred to as

A) ordering costs.

B) carrying costs.

C) the reorder point.

D) stockout costs.

Answer:

Page Ref: 378

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

10) The need to place an order for inventory is specified by the

A) company inventory policies.

B) economic order quantity.

C) stockout point.

D) reorder point.

Answer:

Page Ref: 378

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 11) When goods are being ordered from a vendor, which electronic files are either read or updated?

A) inventory, vendors, and accounts payable

B) vendors and accounts payable

C) open purchase orders and accounts payable

D) inventory, vendors, and open purchase orders

Answer:

Page Ref: 374

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 12) What is a key feature of materials requirements planning (MRP)?

A) minimize or entirely eliminate carrying and stockout costs

B) reduce required inventory levels by scheduling production rather than estimating needs

C) determine the optimal reorder point

D) determine the optimal order size

Answer:

Page Ref: 378

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

13)  Materials requirements planning (MRP)

A) reduces the uncertainty about when materials are needed, thereby reducing the need to carry large levels of inventory.

B) is able to compute exactly the cost of purchasing by taking into account all costs associated with inventory carrying.

C) requires vendors to deliver inventory to the production site exactly when needed and in the correct quantities.

D) None of the above are correct.

Answer:

Page Ref: 378

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 14) The inventory management approach that attempts to minimize, if not eliminate, carrying and stockout costs is

A) materials requirements planning.

B) economic order quantity.

C) just-in-time inventory.

D) evaluated receipt settlement.

Answer:

Page Ref: 378

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Difficult

AACSB:  Analytic

 15) What aspect below best characterizes a Just-In-Time (JIT) inventory system?

A) frequent deliveries of smaller quantities of items to the work centers

B) frequent deliveries of large quantities to be held at the work centers

C) less frequent deliveries of large quantities of goods to central receiving

D) infrequent bulk deliveries of items directly to work centers

Answer:

Page Ref: 378-379

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

16) What is the key difference between the MRP and JIT inventory management approaches?

A) Only JIT reduces costs and improves efficiency.

B) MRP is especially useful for products such as fashion apparel.

C) JIT is more effectively used with products that have predictable patterns of demand.

D) MRP schedules production to meet estimated sales needs; JIT schedules production to meet customer demands.

Answer:

Page Ref: 379

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 17) MRP will be a preferred method over JIT when the

A) demand for inventory is fairly predictable.

B) demand for inventory is mostly unpredictable.

C) product has a short life cycle.

D) MRP is always a preferred method over JIT.

Answer:

Page Ref: 379

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 18) A key decision in ordering is selecting a suitable vendor. Which of the following would not be a major criterion in vendor selection?

A) prices of goods

B) quality of goods

C) credit rating of the vendor

D) ability to deliver on time

Answer:

Page Ref: 380

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 19) Once a vendor is selected for a product, the vendor's identity is recorded in the

A) purchase requisition transaction file.

B) purchase requisition master file.

C) inventory transaction file.

D) inventory master file.

Answer:

Page Ref: 381

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Analytic

20) A purchase order is

A) a document formally requesting a vendor to sell a certain product at a certain price.

B) a request for delivery of certain items and quantities.

C) a contract between the buyer and vendor once accepted by the vendor.

D) All of the above are true.

Answer:

Page Ref: 381

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 21) Stepanek Sales and Service provides free coffee to employees. Stepanek arranged with Ingebrigtson's Joe to deliver as many coffee packages, sugar, creamer, and filters as needed each week. Ingebrigtson's sends a monthly invoice for Stepanek to pay. This arrangement is best described as a

A) blanket purchase order.

B) set purchase order.

C) fixed purchase order.

D) standard purchase order.

Answer:

Page Ref: 381

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 22) A major cost in the purchasing function is the number of purchase orders processed. One technique that may reduce purchasing-related expenses is to have suppliers compete with each other to meet demand at the lowest price. This name of this technique is

A) an EDI auction.

B) a trading exchange.

C) a reverse auction.

D) a supplier consortium.

Answer:

Page Ref: 382

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Analytic

23) One of the major responsibilities of the receiving department is

A) deciding if the delivery should be accepted.

B) verifying any purchase discounts for the delivery.

C) deciding on the location where the delivery will be stored until used.

D) updating inventory subsidiary ledgers.

Answer:

Page Ref: 384

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 24) Which of the following is generally not shown on a receiving report?

A) price of the items

B) quantity of the items

C) purchase order number

D) counted and inspected by

Answer:

Page Ref: 384

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 25) A receiving clerk notes that a delivery of 10 units has been received, but the purchase order specified 12 units. A debit memo will need to be prepared to adjust for the difference between the quantity ordered and received. Who should prepare this document?

A) the receiving clerk

B) the controller

C) the vendor

D) the purchasing department manager

Answer:

Page Ref: 385

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 26) Identify in which of the following scenarios a company could adjust the balance due the vendor by issuing a debit memo.

A) quantity different from that ordered

B) damage to the goods

C) goods that fail inspection for quality

D) All of the above are possible scenarios.

Answer:

Page Ref: 385

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Analytic

27) What is one of the best ways to improve the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the receipt and storage of ordered items?

A) requiring all suppliers to have the carrier verify quantities and item numbers before shipment

B) requiring all suppliers to include RFID tags on their items

C) requiring all suppliers to use EDI to expedite the receiving department function

D) requiring all delivery trucks to have satellite data terminals to expedite the receiving department function

Answer:

Page Ref: 385

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 28) Vendor invoices are approved by the ________, which reports to the ________.

A) purchasing department; controller

B) accounts payable department; treasurer

C) purchasing department; treasurer

D) accounts payable department; controller

Answer:

Page Ref: 387

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 29) The disbursement voucher and supporting documents are sent to the ________ for payment prior to the due date.

A) cashier

B) treasurer

C) controller

D) accounts payable department

Answer:

Page Ref: 390

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

30) A(n) ________ system posts an approved invoice to the vendor account and stores it in an open invoice file until payment is made by check.

A) nonvoucher

B) voucher

C) cycle

D) evaluated receipt settlement

Answer:

Page Ref: 387

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 31) A disbursement voucher contains

A) a list of outstanding invoices.

B) the net payment amount after deducting applicable discounts and allowances.

C) the general ledger accounts to be debited.

D) All of the above are correct.

Answer:

Page Ref: 387

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 32) One objective of accounts payable is to authorize payment only for goods or services actually ordered and received. The best way to process supplier invoices is to use

A) electronic funds transfer for small, occasional purchases from suppliers.

B) a nonvoucher system.

C) EDI for all small, occasional purchases from suppliers.

D) a disbursement voucher system.

Answer:

Page Ref: 387

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Analytic

33) What is not an advantage of using disbursement vouchers?

A) Disbursement vouchers reduce the number of checks written.

B) Disbursement vouchers can be prenumbered which simplifies the tracking of all payables.

C) Disbursement vouchers facilitate separating the time of invoice approval from the time of invoice payment.

D) There are no disadvantages to using disbursement vouchers.

Answer:

Page Ref: 387

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 34) Which of the following is not an advantage of a voucher system?

A) Several invoices may be included on one voucher, reducing the number of checks.

B) Disbursement vouchers may be pre-numbered and tracked through the system.

C) The time of voucher approval and payment can be kept separate.

D) It is a less expensive and easier system to administer than other systems.

Answer:

Page Ref: 387

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 35) Duties in the expenditure cycle should be properly segregated to promote internal control. This means that the authorization function is performed by ________, the recording function is performed by ________, and cash handling is performed by the ________.

A) accounts payable; purchasing; cashier

B) purchasing; accounts payable; cashier

C) purchasing; cashier; accounts payable

D) purchasing; accounts payable; treasurer

Answer:

Page Ref: 375

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Analytic

36) A voucher package should include

A) a purchase requisition, vendor invoice, and receiving report.

B) a purchase order, vendor invoice, and receiving report.

C) a purchase requisition, purchase order, and receiving report.

D) a bill of lading and vendor invoice.

Answer:

Page Ref: 387

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 37) Evaluated receipt settlement (ERS) approves payment of vendor invoices after reconciling the purchase order and the

A) vendor invoice.

B) sales invoice.

C) receiving report.

D) disbursement voucher.

Answer:

Page Ref: 388

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 38) All of the following are opportunities to improve efficiency of the accounts payable function except

A) use blanket purchase orders.

B) convert a manual AIS system to EDI and EFT.

C) streamline noninventory purchases.

D) use evaluated receipt settlement.

Answer:

Page Ref: 387-388

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

39) When purchasing miscellaneous supplies, companies can reduce costs, improve efficiency, and combat employee fraud by

A) using procurement cards.

B) implementing a JIT inventory system.

C) requiring employees to personally purchase items then reimbursing employees at the end of each month.

D) paying amounts out of petty cash.

Answer:

Page Ref: 389

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 40) If available, a 1% discount for payment within 10 days instead of 30 days represents an approximate savings of ________ % annually.

A) 1

B) 12

C) 18

D) 36

Answer:

Page Ref: 390

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 41) What is the best control to mitigate the threat of paying prices that are too high for goods ordered?

A) require the receiving department to verify the existence of a valid purchase order

B) use only approved suppliers and solicit competitive bids

C) only pay invoices that are supported by the original voucher package

D) use bar-code technology to eliminate data entry errors

Answer:

Page Ref: 382

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Analytic

42) What is probably the most effective control for the prevention of kickbacks to purchasing agents?

A) purchasing from approved vendors

B) diligent supervision in the purchasing department

C) a corporate policy to prohibit purchasing agents from accepting kickbacks

D) reviews of vendor performance

Answer:

Page Ref: 383

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 43) One of the threats associated with the process and activity of receiving and storing goods is

A) errors in counting.

B) kickbacks.

C) requests for unnecessary items.

D) errors in vendor invoices.

Answer:

Page Ref: 385

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 44) What is the best way to prevent the acceptance of unordered goods?

A) Order only from approved vendors.

B) Match the packing slip to a purchase order before accepting delivery.

C) Enforce an appropriate conflict of interest policy in place.

D) Require specific authorization from the purchasing manager before accepting any goods.

Answer:

Page Ref: 386

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 45) Which of the following is not a common control for ensuring inventory is secure and inventory counts are accurate?

A) control of physical access to the inventory storage areas

B) transfers of inventory with proper documentation

C) sending "blind" copies of purchase orders to inventory control for data entry

D) making physical counts of inventory at least once per year

Answer:

Page Ref: 376

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Analytic

46) Double-checking the accuracy of an invoice is a control that can help to neutralize a threat in the expenditure cycle. What activity would specifically be associated with this control?

A) ordering goods

B) receiving and storing goods

C) paying for goods and services

D) requesting goods be ordered

Answer:

Page Ref: 389

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 47) What control would best mitigate the threat of paying an invoice twice?

A) never authorize payment of a photocopy of an invoice

B) double-check mathematical accuracy of invoices

C) approval of purchase orders

D) maintaining adequate perpetual inventory records

Answer:

Page Ref: 391

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 48) Which control would best prevent payments made to fictitious vendors?

A) Allow payments only to approved vendors.

B) Restrict access to any payment or approval documents.

C) Have an independent bank reconciliation.

D) Make sure all documents are in order before approving payments.

Answer:

Page Ref: 392

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 49) In the expenditure cycle, good control dictates that expenditures should be paid by check. This may not be feasible when minor purchases are made. To facilitate quick payment for minor purchases, a(n) ________ should be set up and maintained using ________.

A) special bank account; disbursement vouchers

B) imprest fund; vouchers

C) cash box; small denomination bills

D) petty cash fund; procurement cards

Answer:

Page Ref: 392

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

50) A surprise count of an imprest petty cash fund should find the total of ________ equal to the amount authorized for the fund.

A) cash and credit memos

B) cash and vouchers

C) cash

D) cash and checks

Answer:

Page Ref: 392

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 51) What control should be put in place that assigns responsibility for EFT payments made to vendors?

A) Encrypt all EFT transmissions.

B) Time stamp all EFT transactions.

C) Establish a control group to monitor EFT transactions for validity and accuracy.

D) Number all EFT transactions.

Answer:

Page Ref: 391

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 52) Which of the following threats is not specific to the purchase requisition process of the expenditure cycle?

A) stockouts

B) purchasing from unauthorized vendors

C) requisitioning goods not needed

D) All of the above are threats in the purchase requisition process.

Answer:

Page Ref: 380

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Analytic

53) There is a symmetrical interdependence between a firm's expenditure cycle and its suppliers'

A) production cycle.

B) revenue cycle.

C) expenditure cycle.

D) general ledger and reporting system.

Answer:

Page Ref: 372

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Reflective Thinking

 54) The Squishy Things Toy Company was established in 1948. It recently signed a large contract with a chain of retail toy stores. As a condition of the contract, the Squishy will be required to track and forecast product sales by linking in to the chain's sales database. Squishy will then be responsible for shipping products to the chain's regional warehouses as needed. The technology that is used for communication between Squishy and the chain is

A) vendor-managed inventory.

B) sales force automation.

C) electronic data interchange.

D) optical character recognition.

Answer:

Page Ref: 372

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 55) The management at Sad Clown Pajamas, an Internet-based wholesaler, is considering a new inventory control system. The current system is inadequate because it results in stockouts that interrupt production and excess stocks of some materials that result in markdowns and high carrying costs. The new system, which will focus on ensuring that the amounts purchased minimize these costs, will employ

A) a just-in-time inventory system.

B) the economic order quantity.

C) a reorder point.

D) materials requirements planning.

Answer:

Page Ref: 378

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

56) The management at Sad Clown Pajamas, an Internet-based wholesaler, is considering a new inventory control system. The current system is inadequate because it results in stockouts that interrupt production and excess stocks of some materials that result in markdowns and high carrying costs. The new system, which will focus on ensuring that orders are placed with sufficient lead time to prevent stockouts, will employ

A) a just-in-time inventory system.

B) the economic order quantity.

C) a reorder point.

D) materials requirements planning.

Answer:

Page Ref: 378

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Reflective Thinking

 57) The management at Sad Clown Pajamas, an Internet-based wholesaler, is considering a new inventory control system. The current system is inadequate because it results in stockouts that interrupt production and excess stocks of some materials that result in markdowns and high carrying costs. The new system, which will focus on forecasting demand for Sad Clown's products, will employ

A) a just-in-time inventory system.

B) the economic order quantity.

C) a reorder point.

D) materials requirements planning.

Answer:

Page Ref: 378

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Reflective Thinking

 58) The management at Sad Clown Pajamas, an Internet-based wholesaler, is considering a new inventory control system. The current system is inadequate because it results in stockouts that interrupt production and excess stocks of some materials that result in markdowns and high carrying costs. The new system, which will focus on reducing or completely eliminating carrying costs, will employ

A) a just-in-time inventory system.

B) the economic order quantity.

C) a reorder point.

D) materials requirements planning.

Answer:

Page Ref: 378

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

59) Bob Chum is the sales manager at Folding Squid Technologies. At lunch with the company CEO, he proudly announced that he had negotiated a(n) ________ with a client that defined a long-term commitment to buy components from Folding Squid.

A) purchase order

B) blanket purchase order

C) evaluated receipt settlement

D) voucher

Answer:

Page Ref: 381

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 60) Bob Chum is the sales manager at Folding Squid Technologies. At lunch with the company CEO, he proudly announced that he had received a ________ from a client to buy a large quantity of components from Folding Squid.

A) purchase order

B) blanket purchase order

C) voucher

D) purchase requisition

Answer:

Page Ref: 381

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 61) Bob Chum is the sales manager at Folding Squid Technologies. At lunch with the company CEO, he complained that a recent shipment from a vendor had been unsatisfactory and so had to be returned. That required the purchasing manager to send a ________ to the supplier.

A) purchase order

B) blanket purchase order

C) receiving report

D) debit memo

Answer:

Page Ref: 385

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

62) To minimize the number of checks that need to be written to pay vendor invoices a company should use a

A) voucher system.

B) just-in-time inventory system.

C) nonvoucher system.

D) evaluated receipt settlement system.

Answer:

Page Ref: 387

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 63) Evaluated receipt settlement increases efficiency by

A) eliminating the need for receiving reports.

B) eliminating the need for vendor invoices.

C) eliminating the need for purchase orders.

D) eliminating the need to prepare and mail checks.

Answer:

Page Ref: 388

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB:  Analytic

 64) In the expenditure cycle, Financial Electronic Data Interchange (FEDI) increases efficiency by

A) eliminating the need for receiving reports.

B) eliminating the need for vendor invoices.

C) eliminating the need for purchase orders.

D) eliminating the need to prepare and mail checks.

Answer:

Page Ref: 390

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Easy

AACSB: Analytic

65) Procurement cards differ from corporate credit cards in which of the following ways?

A) Credit limits can be set for procurement cards, but not corporate credit cards.

B) Credit cards can be used to make purchases without an explicit sign off by supervisors, but procurement cards require a sign off.

C) Procurement cards can only be used with approved vendors, but credit cards can be used anywhere.

D) Procurement card invoices are sent separately for each card, whereas corporate credit cards are consolidated into a single invoice.

Answer:

Page Ref: 389

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 66) The purchasing manager at Folding Squid Technologies has responsibility for reviewing and authorizing purchase orders. He also reviews receiving reports, approves or corrects them, and authorizes the cashier to pay vendor invoices. Which of the following would correct control weaknesses, if any, related to these activities?

A) Vendor invoices should be reviewed by the purchasing manager to ensure that they are correct.

B) Accounts payable should reconcile purchase orders, receiving reports, and invoices.

C) Vendor invoices should be reviewed by accounts receivable and then cancelled when paid.

D) Controls are adequate under the current system.

Answer:

Page Ref: 387

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 67) The purchasing manager at Folding Squid Technologies has responsibility for reviewing and authorizing purchase orders. Receiving reports are prepared by shipping and receiving based on the relevant purchase order(s). Purchase orders, receiving reports, and vendor invoices are reconciled by accounts payable, which authorizes payment. Which of the following would correct control weaknesses, if any, related to these activities?

A) Vendor invoices should be reviewed by the purchasing manager to ensure that they are correct.

B) Accounts payable should authorize purchase orders.

C) Receiving reports should be reviewed and corrected by the purchasing manager.

D) Controls are adequate under the current system.

Answer:

Page Ref: 387

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Analytic

68) The receiving clerk at Folding Squid Technologies examines incoming shipments and reconciles their contents with the relevant purchase orders. A receiving report is then sent to accounts receivable and the vendor's invoice is approved for payment. Which of the following would correct control weaknesses, if any, related to these activities?

A) The invoice should be approved for payment by the shipping clerk after the purchase order and receiving report are reconciled.

B) Accounts payable should reconcile the purchase order and the receiving report.

C) Invoices, purchase orders, and receiving reports should be reconciled by the receiving clerk.

D) Controls are adequate under the current system.

Answer:

Page Ref: 387

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 69) The receiving clerk at Folding Squid Technologies examines incoming shipments and checks their purchase order numbers. A receiving report is then sent to accounts payable, where it is reconciled with the relevant purchase orders and invoices and payment is authorized. Which of the following would correct control weaknesses, if any, related to these activities?

A) Vendor invoices should be approved for payment by the shipping clerk after the purchase order and receiving report are reconciled.

B) Vendor invoices should be approved for payment by the purchasing manager.

C) Purchase orders and receiving reports should be reconciled by the purchasing manager.

D) Controls are adequate under the current system.

Answer:

Page Ref: 387

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Analytic

 70) Which of the controls below would be least effective to prevent ordering goods at higher than market prices?

A) Variance analysis of actual expenses to budgeted expenses

B) For high-dollar goods, solicit competitive bids from possible vendors

C) Only place orders with vendors on an approved vendor list

D) Frequent review of, and update to, vendor price lists stored in the AIS

Answer:

Page Ref: 382

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

71) The document below would be known as what by Alpha Omega Electronics?

A) Receiving report

B) Purchase order

C) Purchase requisition

D) Packing slip

Answer:

Page Ref: 384

Objective:  Learning Objective 1

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB:  Reflective Thinking

 72) Which of the following would be the best control to prevent receiving department employees from stealing inventory and claiming the ordered quantity wasn't received from the vendor?

A) Reconcile quantity on packing slip to physical count when accepting delivery.

B) Restrict physical access to the receiving area.

C) Require all deliveries be made at the receiving area.

D) Require dual signatures on the move ticket when receiving delivers the inventory to the warehouse.

Answer:

Page Ref: 386

Objective:  Learning Objective 3

Difficulty :  Moderate

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

73) Define and describe the EOQ approach to inventory management.

 74) Discuss the differences between EOQ, MRP, and JIT.

 75) a) What is the major cost driver in the purchasing function? b) Describe how information technology can be used to control this cost driver.

 76) Explain what is meant by the expenditure cycle as a "mirror image" of the revenue cycle.

 77) Identify possible problems associated with receiving goods and appropriate actions in response to the problems.

 78) How can information technology be used to improve the vendor invoice approval process?

 79) Under what conditions is MRP more suitable than JIT and vice versa?

 80) In the expenditure cycle, the majority of payments made are by check. What are some control issues related to payment of vendors by check?

 81) Identify ten threats and applicable control procedures in the expenditure cycle.

 82) What types of decision-making and strategic information should the AIS provide in the expenditure cycle?

 83) How can using RFID tags or bar codes on goods or products provide significant benefit in the expenditure cycle?

[learningpundits]

Tips on Solving English Grammar Test Questions on Articles

Grammar Rules with 10 Tips for using Articles

What is an Article?

Article: used before Nouns or Noun phrases to limit or define them.

Types Of Articles:

1. Definite Article: ‘The’ points out a particular person or thing, in the sense of ��this’ or ‘that’.

Example: Give me the book. (‘That’ specific book)

2. Indefinite Article: ‘A’ and ‘An’ refer to non-specific, singular person or thing, in the sense of ‘one’ or ‘any’.

Example: Give me a book/ an orange. (Any book or orange)

A: used when the next word starts with a consonant, or before words starting in ‘u’ and ‘eu’ when they sound like ‘you’. (A boy, a uniform)

An: when the next word starts with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) or with a mute ‘h’. (An apple, an hour)

Usage of A, An:

1.    To refer to something for the first time: Would you like a cup of coffee?

2.    With names of jobs: Jyoti is a doctor.

3.    With identities (nationalities and religions) in the singular: John is an Englishman.

4.    When referring to a day of the week but not a specific day: I was born on a Thursday.

5.    To refer to an example of something: The mouse had a tiny nose.

6.    With singular nouns after the words 'what' and 'such’: What a lovely day!

7.    Referring to people when there is vagueness: A Mr. Gupta is going to come.

8.    When referring to a singular object or a single unit of measure: I’d like an orange and two lemons, please.

9.    When a singular countable noun represents a class of things, persons or animals: A son should be obedient.

Usage of The:

1.    Something which has already been mentioned: The thief has not been caught yet.

2.    When there is just one of something in a place: Where is the bathroom?

3.    In sentences or clauses that define or identify a particular person or object: The man who wrote this book is famous.

4.    Before the choices in comparative degree: He is the poorer of the two brothers.

5.    Before proper nouns which are unique: We went to the Taj Mahal.

6.    Before dates: He was born on the 10th of May.

7.    Give the meaning of an abstract noun to a common noun: It brought out the beast in him.

8.    As an adverb in a comparative sense: The sooner you come, the better.

9.    Before superlatives and ordinal numbers: This is the highest building in Delhi.

Cases where articles should not be used:

1.    With the names of meals: A Dinner is my favorite meal.

2.    Before uncountable nouns: He gave me the advice.

3.    Before hobbies, professions or sports: A Gardening is her hobby.

4.    Before titles when combined with names: The Prince Charles is a Queen Elizabeth's son.

5.    With years: The 1978 was a wonderful year.

6.    Before collective nouns in the general sense: A Life is a struggle.

7.    Before noun complements: The board appointed him the captain.

8.    Before proper nouns: A Gold is good for investment.

9.    Before common nouns or abstract nouns: An Honesty is the best policy.

Tips on using Articles:

Tip #1: Names of countries Country Names: Generally, definite article is not used with country names.

The India is a great country. Use ‘the’ with countries whose names include words like kingdoms, states, and republic:

He lives in the United States of America. Use ‘the’ with countries which have plural nouns as their names:

Manila is the capital of the Philippines

Tip #2: Specific geographic locations Geographical features: Definite article is used before mountain ranges, groups of islands, rivers, seas, oceans and canals.

The Himalayas are the largest mountain range in the world. No article is necessary before Singular names of countries or territories, cities, towns, states, streets, lakes, bays, mountains, continents, islands, languages, sports, academic subjects.

The highest mountain in the world is the Mount Everest. (Everest is a single mountain and not a mountain range, so no definite article is used before it)

Tip #3: Proper Nouns People’s Names: usually no article is used before people’s names or proper nouns.

The Harishchandra is a legendary king. But ‘a or an’ is used to make a common noun from a proper noun to express some quality associated to it.

He is a Harishchandra when it comes to keep his promises. (Here ‘Harishchandra’ represents a quality like ‘utmost honesty’)

Tip #4: For a Walk, In a Hurry, A Million Noun acting as verbs: Indefinite articles are used before nouns but they can be used before verbs when the verbs are acting as nouns.

Words denoting numbers: ‘A’ is also used before words denoting numbers like-a million, a dozen.

Phrases: Indefinite articles are also used in certain phrases like -in a hurry, have a mind, make a noise.

I have told you a dozen times not to go for a walk in a hurry.

(Here, ‘walk’ is a verb acting as a noun, so ‘a’ is used before it, like we say –for a talk, for a swim etc.)

Tip #5: Little, A Little, The Little Little: means not much (i.e., hardly any) and has a negative meaning.

There is little hope of his recovery. (There really isn’t much hope) A little: means some though not much and has a positive meaning. Used with uncountable nouns.

There is a little hope of his recovery. (There is some hope of recovery) The little: means not much, but all there is.

The little knowledge of carpentry that he possessed stood him in good stead.

Tip #6: Few, a Few, the Few Few: means hardly anyone and has a negative meaning.

I have few enemies. (I really don’t have any enemies) A few: means small in number but not many either.

I have a few enemies. (I have a small number of enemies) The few: means not many, but all there is.

The few days I had spent in Darjeeling were very pleasant.

Tip #7: Singular vs. plural forms for ordinals Ordinals: These are words that express position or rank in sequential order. E.g. first, second etc.

If there is an article before each ordinal, use the singular noun.

The second and the third chapter is easy. If there is one article only before both ordinals, use the plural noun.

The second and third chapters are easy.

Tip #8: French, a French, the French Language and Origin: Definitive and indefinite articles are used with certain words depending on their function.

French is spoken in many countries.

(Here ‘French’ implies a language, so no definite article is used before it)

He is a French national. (‘French’ is a adjective) The French are a courteous people. (Here ‘French’ represent a community) The French Revolution changed the course of history. (‘The’ is used before revolutions, events, dynasties, empires etc.)

Tip #9: Repetition of articles Repetition or non-repetition of articles in a single sentence changes the meaning:

1.   She has a black and white saree. (She has only one saree which is partly black and partly white)

2.   She has a black and a white saree. (She has two sarees, one black and one white)

3.   The Secretary and Treasurer was present there. (One person who is both Secretary and Treasurer)

4.  The Secretary and the Treasurer were present there. (Two separate persons, one Secretary and the  other Treasurer.

Tip #10: The Ritz Hotel, Brown’s Hotel Use and absence of ‘the’:

1.    We are staying at the Ritz Hotel. (‘The’ is used before names of hotels, pubs, restaurants etc.) 2.    We had breakfast at the Brown’s hotel. (do not use the definite article if the name of the hotel or restaurant is the name of the owner)

Spot the Errors:

Each of the following sentences will contain a mistake in Articles. See if you can spot that mistake.

#1: They don’t have a heir to inherit the family property. (Incorrect) They don’t have an heir to inherit the family property. (Correct)

#2: I studied the Sanskrit in high school for four years. (Incorrect) I studied Sanskrit in high school for four years. (Correct)

#3: Please give me a water to drink. (Incorrect) Please give me (some) water to drink. (Correct)

#4: Are you driving my the car? (Incorrect) Are you driving my car? (Correct)

#5: The hypertension is called the silent killer. (Incorrect) Hypertension is called the silent killer. (Correct)

#6: I would like to visit an Eiffel Tower. (Incorrect) I would like to visit the Eiffel Tower. (Correct)

#7: They are planning an European holiday for the vacations. (Incorrect) They are planning a European holiday for the vacations. (Correct)

#8: Mary is training to be the engineer. (Incorrect) Mary is training to be an engineer. (Correct)

#9: The creativity should be encouraged in children. (Incorrect) Creativity should be encouraged in children. (Correct)

#10: I was always good at a math. (Incorrect) I was always good at math. (Correct)

#11: He is the pupil at Bishop Cotton High school. (Incorrect) He is a pupil at Bishop Cotton High school. (Correct)

#12: I read a Times of India every morning. (Incorrect) I read Times of India every morning. (Correct)

#13: She is learning a guitar. (Incorrect) She is learning the guitar. (Correct)

#14: This is a best book on elementary chemistry. (Incorrect) This is the best book on elementary chemistry. (Correct)

#15: Twelve inches make the foot. (Incorrect) Twelve inches make a foot. (Correct)

#16: I can't forget kindness with which he treated me. (Incorrect) I can't forget the kindness with which he treated me. (Correct)

#17: The uncle is coming to our place next week. (Incorrect) Uncle is coming to our place next week. (Correct)

#18: These traditions are in place since Vedic ages. (Incorrect) These traditions are in place since the Vedic ages. (Correct)

#19: This man is Shylock when it comes to allotting budget. (Incorrect) This man is a Shylock when it comes to allotting budget. (Correct)

#20: The first and the second phases of election is over. (Incorrect) The first and the second phase of election is over. (Correct)

(contd..) Tips on Solving English Grammar Test Questions on Articles - https://learningpundits.com/module-view/15-articles/1-tips-on-articles/

[stephaniesoria-blog1]

CIS 513 Week 11 Final Exam – Strayer New

Click On The Link Below To Purchase A+ Graded Material

Instant Download

 http://budapp.net/CIS-513-Final-Exam-Week-11-Strayer-NEW-CIS513W11E.htm

 Chapters 5 Through 8

 Chapter 5 - Wireless Personal Area Networks

 TRUE/FALSE

      1.   WPAN technologies are designed to connect devices that are typically up to 10 meters apart.

       2.   One of the advantages of WPAN technologies is their conservative use of battery power.

       3.   The first step in the Bluetooth pairing process is the paging procedure.

       4.   A reduced-function device can only connect to one full-function device on the network.

       5.   Bluetooth uses a challenge-response strategy for device authentication.

  MULTIPLE CHOICE

      1.   Which of the following is NOT a likely application for WPAN technologies?

a.

home  control systems

c.

industrial  control systems

b.

video  streaming

d.

security  systems

        2.   Which of the following is true about WPAN standards?

a.

IEEE  developed standards for protocols above layer 2

c.

IEEE  802.15.1 is the Bluetooth standard

b.

industry  alliances developed specifications for layers 1 and 2

d.

802.16n  is the ZigBee standard

        3.   Which of the following is true about the OSI model and IEEE 802?

a.

the  PMD is part of the Data Link layer

c.

the  LLC is part of the Physical layer

b.

the  PLCP formats data received from the MAC

d.

the  MAC layer is responsible for establishing connectivity to the local network

        4.   Which radio frequency band does Bluetooth use?

a.

2.4  GHz ISM

c.

2.0  GHz ISM

b.

5.0  GHz ISM

d.

4.2  GHz ISM

        5.   Which of the following is true about the Bluetooth protocol stack?

a.

the  L2CAP sits between Baseband and RF

c.

Link  Manager communicates directly with the Physical Radio

b.

the  Baseband layer sits atop the RF layer

d.

The  RF layer communicates between the Link Manager and L2CAP

        6.   What feature available in some Bluetooth devices increases data rates to 2.1 or 3 Mbps?

a.

Link  Manager

c.

L2CAP

b.

radio  module

d.

EDR

        7.   Which Bluetooth power class allows transmission ranges up to 330 feet?

a.

Power  Class 1

c.

Power  Class 3

b.

Power  Class 2

d.

Power  Class 4

        8.   Bluetooth 1.x uses a variation of which modulation technique?

a.

PSK

c.

FSK

b.

ASK

d.

GSK

        9.   What feature of Bluetooth version 3.0 uses a separate radio module that transmits using the same methods as IEEE 802.11?

a.

BLE

c.

AMP

b.

ULP

d.

NFC

      10.   Which transmission technique is used by Bluetooth devices?

a.

Narrowband

c.

DHSS

b.

FHSS

d.

UWB

      11.   Which feature of Bluetooth version 1.2 allows Bluetooth networks to coexist with 802.11 networks with a minimum of interference?

a.

adaptive  frequency hopping

c.

alternate  MAC/PHY

b.

frequency  hopping spread spectrum

d.

Bluetooth  low energy

      12.   What is created when a Bluetooth network has one master and at least one slave using the same channel?

a.

scatternet

c.

piconet

b.

wi-fi  net

d.

bluenet

      13.   How is the master device determined in a Bluetooth network?

a.

the  device with the lowest address number

c.

the  first device to send out an inquiry message to discover other devices

b.

the  device with the highest priority hop sequence on the piconet

d.

the  device that carries out a paging procedure and establishes a connection

      14.   Which of the following is NOT a field in a Bluetooth frame?

a.

Access  code

c.

Header

b.

Frame  check sequence

d.

Payload

      15.   Which of the following is NOT a Bluetooth error correction scheme?

a.

1/3  rate FEC

c.

ARQ

b.

2/3  rate FEC

d.

CRC

      16.   In which Bluetooth power mode is only the slave device’s internal timer running?

a.

active  mode

c.

hold  mode

b.

sniff  mode

d.

park  mode

      17.   Which of the following is true about the ZigBee standard?

a.

designed  to support mesh networking

c.

used  for larger data transfers than Bluetooth

b.

replaced  an existing global, open standard

d.

operates  in the 5.0 and 6.5 GHz ISM bands

      18.   Which layer in a ZigBee device is responsible for detecting the presence of an RF signal in the currently selected channel?

a.

LLC

c.

MAC

b.

PHY

d.

Upper

      19.   Which task is the MAC layer responsible for in an 802.15.4 device?

a.

turning  the radio transceiver on and off

c.

association  and disassociation

b.

analyzing  link quality

d.

selecting  a frequency channel for operation

      20.   Which type of ZigBee device controls the network in a star topology?

a.

all  end-node devices

c.

full-function  device

b.

reduced  function device

d.

PAN  coordinator

   COMPLETION

      1.   In a ZigBee tree topology, if a child loses it connection with its FFD, it becomes a(n) _____________.

       2.   ________________ is an 802.15.4-based technology that implements IPv6 on WPANs and supports mesh networking.

       3.   A ______________ authority is a private company that verifies the authenticity of each user in order to discourage fraud.

       4.   In Bluetooth Encryption Mode ______, all traffic is encrypted.

       5.   802.15.4 provides for _______________ integrity, a technique that uses a message integrity code.

  MATCHING

  a.

8-DPSK

f.

inquiry  procedure

b.

ACL  link

g.

MIC

c.

ARQ

h.

modulation  index

d.

binding

i.

sequential  freshness

e.

guaranteed  time slots

j.

superframe

       1.   a reserved period for critical devices to transmit priority data

      2.   a simple method of phase shift keying that uses eight degrees of phase to encode tribits

      3.   the process of establishing a relationship between endpoints in a ZigBee network

      4.   a security service available in 802.15.4 and used by the receiving device

      5.   a process that enables a device to discover which devices are in range

      6.   a packet-switched link that is used for data transmissions

      7.   the amount that the frequency varies

      8.   an error-correction scheme that continuously retransmits until an acknowledgment is received or a timeout value is exceeded

      9.   a mechanism for managing transmissions in a piconet

    10.   a code composed of a subset of the data, the length of the data, and the symmetric key

  SHORT ANSWER

      1.   What are the three types of addresses used in a Bluetooth piconet?  Describe each.

       2.   Describe the two types of physical links between Bluetooth devices.

       3.   What are the two types of network access used in IEEE 802.15.3 networks?  Describe them.

       4.   List three of the seven tasks the 802.15.4 MAC layer is responsible for.

       5.   What are the four levels of addresses for identifying devices within a ZigBee PAN?

       6.   What is a cluster tree topology and how do they compare to mesh networks?

       7.   How is power management implemented in a ZigBee network?

       8.   Describe the WirelessHART technology.

       9.   List and describe the three levels of Bluetooth security.

     10.   What is the process that ZigBee WPANs use for authentication and encryption?  Describe how it works.

   Chapter 6 - High-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks

 TRUE/FALSE

      1.   IEEE 802.15 covers all the WPAN working groups.

       2.   The WHDI consortium developed the WHDI specification primarily for the delivery of data produced from online database queries.

       3.   The piconet coordinator in a WirelessHD network should be a battery operated device for mobility.

       4.   The DSPS power saving mode allows devices to sleep for long periods of time until they choose to wake up and listen to a beacon.

       5.   UWB is capable of handling multiple data streams, including HD television.

  MULTIPLE CHOICE

      1.   Which IEEE standard enables multimedia connectivity between mobile and fixed consumer devices within the home?

a.

802.15.3c

c.

802.15.1

b.

802.15.5

d.

802.15.4

        2.   In which frequency range does WHDI operate?

a.

2.4  GHz

c.

5  GHz

b.

800  MHz

d.

400  KHz

        3.   Which of the following is true about WiGig?

a.

it  is compatible with 802.11ac

c.

makes  use of technology designed by AMIMON

b.

it  requires layer 3 and 4 protocols for audiovisual support

d.

it  has adopted the 802.15.3c standard for multimedia distribution

        4.   What does WiGig use to maintain reliable connections at very high frequencies?

a.

single-carrier  modulation

c.

OFDM

b.

beamforming

d.

protocol  adaptation layers

        5.   What technique does WirelessHD employ to support data rates over 25 Gbps?

a.

LRP

c.

HDMI

b.

spatial  multiplexing

d.

beamforming

        6.   Which of the following is true about a WVAN piconet?

a.

the  piconet relies on an access point

c.

large  non-mobile devices like TVs are not part of a piconet

b.

the  PNC is typically a mobile device such as a tablet computer

d.

the  PNC is the first sink device in the area

        7.   Which of the following is described as a piconet that has its own PNC but depends on the original piconet’s PNC to allocate a private block of time when its devices are allowed to transmit?

a.

child  piconet

c.

neighbor  piconet

b.

parent  piconet

d.

subordinate  piconet

        8.   Which of the following is NOT an HR WPAN feature provided by the 802.15.3 MAC layer?

a.

uses  a one-octet device ID

c.

data  transport includes QoS

b.

PNC  can be queried about other devices

d.

infrastructure  mode networking is supported

        9.   Which part of an 802.15.3 superframe is used for association and command communication?

a.

contention  access period

c.

channel  time allocation period

b.

beacon

d.

management  channel time allocation

      10.   What type of transmission method does an 802.15.3 piconet use during the CTAP?

a.

SDMA

c.

FDMA

b.

TDMA

d.

CDMA

      11.   Which field of the 802.15.3 MAC frame format is used to reassemble a file in the correct sequence?

a.

Frame  control

c.

Fragmentation  control

b.

Piconet  ID

d.

Stream  index

      12.   Which 802.15.3 power-saving methods allows devices to sleep for the duration of several superframes and allows them to wake up in the middle of a superframe to transmit or receive data?

a.

PSPS

c.

PSPS

b.

APS

d.

APCI

      13.   Which radio band does the 802.15.3c standard use?

a.

5.0  GHz

c.

2.4  GHz

b.

60  GHz

d.

p00  MHz

      14.   How many channels and what is the width of each 802.15.3c channel?

a.

4, 2  GHz

c.

11,  25 MHz

b.

6,  200 MHz

d.

14,  50 MHz

      15.   Which of the following is NOT a 802.15.3c PHY layer enhancement?

a.

passive  scanning

c.

channel  energy detection

b.

parity  bit error detection

d.

transmit  power control

      16.   The RF modulation techniques used for 802.15.3c are variations of which of the following?

a.

QAM  and PSK

c.

NRZ-L  and NRZ-I

b.

FSK  and ASK

d.

BPSK  and QPSK

      17.   In the WirelessHD specification 1.1, Which of the following is NOT a function of the higher protocol layers?

a.

video  format selection

c.

device  discovery

b.

clock  synchronization

d.

video  and audio encoding and decoding

      18.   What application has UWB been used for since the 1960’s?

a.

video  streaming

c.

cellular  phone towers

b.

ground-penetrating  radar

d.

automobile  speed detectors

      19.   What term is used for the technique in which the amplitude, polarity, or position of an analog pulse represents either a 1 or a 0?

a.

biphase  modulation

c.

direct-sequence  UWB

b.

mesh  networking

d.

impulse  modulation

      20.   What type of attack on a Bluetooth device can access contact lists without the user’s knowledge?

a.

bluejacking

c.

bluesnarfing

b.

bluespoofing

d.

blueDoS

   COMPLETION

      1.   The IEEE 802.15.3c standard enables ________________ connectivity between mobile and fixed consumer devices within the home.

       2.   The WHDI specification is designed to mirror the screens of multiple devices to the TV screen with the use of ____________.

       3.   _____________________ uses multiple radios and antennas to steer a signal in the direction of the receiver.

       4.   ZigBee uses a(n) _______________ encryption key for network-wide communications.

       5.   Security for IEEE 802.15.3 HR WPANs is based on ________________, a symmetric key encryption mechanism.

   MATCHING

  a.

biphase  modulation

f.

isochronous

b.

channel  time allocations

g.

MCTA

c.

contention  access period

h.

PNC

d.

D-WVAN

i.

spatial  multiplexing

e.

H-WVAN

j.

superframe

       1.   periods of time allocated by the PNC to a specific device for prioritizing communications

      2.   the home or parent WVAN

      3.   time periods used for communication between the devices and the PNC

      4.   a mechanism used to communicate commands or any asynchronous data that may be present in a superframe

      5.   a technique that uses multiple radios and multiple antennas to transmit and receive different parts of the same PHY frame

      6.   a time-dependent transmission that must occur every frame or every so many

frames to maintain the quality of the connection

      7.   a mechanism for managing transmissions in a piconet

      8.   a device that provides all the basic communications timing in an 802.15.3 piconet

      9.   uses a half-cycle positive analog pulse to represent a 1 and a half-cycle negative analog pulse to represent a 0

    10.   a secondary wireless video area network that operates in a different frequency channel

  SHORT ANSWER

      1.   Provide a summary of the purpose and application for IEEE 802.15.3c.

       2.   List four potential HR WPAN applications.

       3.   What was the primary purpose the WHDI consortium developed the WHDI specification?

       4.   What do the PALs do for WiGig?

       5.   What are the three sections the WirelessHD specification divides the PHY layer into?

       6.   Describe child and neighbor piconets.

       7.   Describe the three parts of an 802.15.3 superframe.

       8.   What information is contained in the Frame control field of an 802.15.3 frame?

       9.   List and describe the two modes of security for IEEE 802.15.3 HR WPANs.

     10.   Briefly discuss the potential of spectrum conflict with WPANs.

   Chapter 7 - Low-Speed Wireless Local Area Networks

 TRUE/FALSE

      1.   A wireless residential gateway provide better security than connecting a computer directly to the Internet.

       2.   The range of an AP base station is approximately 375 feet in an environment with no obstructions and little interference.

       3.   When transmitting above 2 Mbps using DSSS in an 802.11b network, a Barker code is used.

       4.   The PHY layer of the 802.11b standard provides functionality for a client to join a WLAN and stay connected.

       5.   A SIFS occurs immediately after the transmission of frames and no device is allowed to transmit during the SIFS.

  MULTIPLE CHOICE

      1.   Which of the following is NOT true about wireless NICs?

a.

they  change the computer’s internal data from serial to parallel before  transmitting

c.

they  have an antenna instead of a cable port

b.

you  can connect an external wireless NIC to a USB port

d.

notebook  computers often use Mini PCI cards for wireless NICs

        2.   Which component found in an access point is NOT found in a wireless NIC?

a.

radio  transmitter

c.

radio  receiver

b.

RJ-45  interface

d.

antenna

        3.   Aside from acting as the base station for the wireless network, what other function does an AP perform?

a.

it  routes packets

c.

proxy  server

b.

acts  as a bridge

d.

it  performs as a firewall

        4.   Where does an AP that it using PoE get its DC power from?

a.

an  AC outlet

c.

UTP  cables

b.

a  built-in AC/DC converter

d.

high-frequency  radio waves

        5.   If three friends each have a laptop computer and they want to exchange files wirelessly but nobody has an AP, what should they do?

a.

use  Ad hoc mode

c.

use  the Basic Service Set

b.

use  infrastructure mode

d.

use  the Extended Service Set

        6.   What is the term used for when a client finds a different AP that can provide a better-quality signal and then associates with the new AP?

a.

reassociation

c.

transfer

b.

reconnect

d.

handoff

        7.   Which of the following is NOT a field in the 802.11b PLCP frame?

a.

Start  frame delimiter

c.

Signal  data rate

b.

Source  address

d.

Length

        8.   Which field of the PLCP frame indicates how long in microseconds the data portion of the frame is?

a.

Start  frame delimiter

c.

Service

b.

Signal  data rate

d.

Length

        9.   What is the primary job of the PMD sublayer?

a.

translate  binary 1s and 0s into radio signals

c.

reformat  the data received from the MAC layer

b.

evaluate  the Header error check field

d.

implement  a channel access method

      10.   What is the maximum throughput a device can achieve operating on an 802.11b network?

a.

about  11 Mbps

c.

about  54 Mbps

b.

about  5.5 Mbps

d.

about  27 Mbps

      11.   What is the period of time devices must wait after the medium is clear before attempting to transmit?

a.

collision  timeframe

c.

backoff  interval

b.

signal  data rate

d.

synchronization  period

      12.   What is the RTS/CTS protocol designed to reduce or prevent?

a.

negative  acknowledgements

c.

collisions

b.

CRC  errors

d.

handshakes

      13.   With which channel access method does the AP ask each computer if it wants to transmit?

a.

point  coordinated function

c.

CSMA/CD

b.

CSMA/CA

d.

virtual  carrier sensing

      14.   In active scanning, what does the client do initially to start the association process?

a.

poll  the access point

c.

send  a beacon with the requested SSID

b.

send  a probe frame

d.

transmit  an associate request frame

      15.   What is the last frame sent to successfully conclude a client’s attempt to associate using active scanning?

a.

scan  reply

c.

probe  response

b.

synchronize  acknowledgement

d.

associate  response

      16.   Which of the following is true about client’s associating with an AP?

a.

an  AP can reject the request based on the client MAC address

c.

a  client can reassociate with another AP in a BSS

b.

a  client can be associated to multiple APs simultaneously for fault tolerance

d.

if a  client is not preconfigured for a specific AP, it will not attempt to  associate

      17.   Which of the following is NOT true about WLAN power management?

a.

power  management is transparent to applications

c.

the  AP uses timestamps to maintain synchronization

b.

802.11b  devices use power management in ad hoc mode

d.

the  AP keeps a record of which client’s are sleeping

      18.   What is the list of devices called that an AP sends in a beacon that indicates which clients have buffered frames waiting?

a.

sleep  mode identifier

c.

traffic  indication map

b.

buffered  frames allocation

d.

packet  delivery list

      19.   Which of the following is a function performed by MAC management frames?

a.

request-to-send

c.

reassociation  request

b.

transmit  data to the client

d.

acknowledgement

      20.   What is the time period during which all devices must wait between transmissions of data frames?

a.

Short  Interframe Space

c.

Idle  Requirement Period

b.

DCF  Interframe Space

d.

Transmission  Control Period

   COMPLETION

      1.   In the place of a port for a cable connection, a wireless NIC has a(n) ______________.

       2.   An AP acts as a(n) ____________ between the wired and wireless networks.

       3.   ____________________ mode consists of at least one wireless client connected to a single AP.

       4.   Once the _____________ has formatted the frame, it passes the frame to the PMD sublayer.

       5.   When a client is finishing transmitting, it begins listening for a(n) ________________ from the receiving device.

 MATCHING

  a.

ACK

f.

control  frames

b.

active  scanning

g.

DCF

c.

associate  request frame

h.

fragmentation

d.

BSS

i.

management  frames

e.

channel  access methods

j.

passive  scanning

       1.   a WLAN mode that consists of at least one wireless client and one AP

      2.   a frame sent by a client to an AP that contains the client’s capabilities and supported rates

      3.   MAC frames that assist in delivering the frames that contain data

      4.   the process of listening to each available channel for a set period of time

      5.   the division of data to be transmitted from one large frame into several smaller frames

      6.   a procedure used to reduce collisions by requiring the receiving station to send an explicit packet back to the sending station

      7.   the default channel access method in IEEE 802.11 WLANs

      8.   MAC frames that are used, for example, to set up the initial communications between a client and the AP

      9.   the process of sending frames to gather information

    10.   the different ways of sharing resources in a network environment

  SHORT ANSWER

      1.   What are the four steps involved in wireless NIC transmission?

       2.   Describe the two basic functions of an AP.

       3.   What is infrastructure mode?  Include a discussion of BSS and ESS in your answer.

       4.   What is a drawback of an ESS WLAN with respect to roaming users?  What is a remedy to this drawback?

       5.   Describe the Physical layer of the 802.11b standard.

       6.   List the three parts of the PLCP frame.

       7.   How does CSMA/CA in DCF handle media contention?

       8.   How does RTS/CTS work?

       9.   Describe the six basic rules of communication in an 802.11 network.

     10.   Describe the six steps that occur if two devices have frames to transmit.

   Chapter 8 - High-Speed WLANs and WLAN Security

 TRUE/FALSE

      1.   The 802.11a standard maintains the same MAC layer functions as 802.11b WLANs.

       2.   Increasing data transmission speed through more complex modulation schemes makes multipath distortion worse.

       3.   The 4-bit Rate field in an 802.11a PLCP frame specifies the speed at which the Data field will be transmitted.

       4.   Wireless controllers incorporate most AP functions including the radio.

       5.   VPNs encrypt a connection for security and use very few processing resources.

  MULTIPLE CHOICE

      1.   Which of the following 802.11 standards uses U-NII bands and does not use ISM bands?

a.

802.11b

c.

802.11g

b.

802.11a

d.

802.11n

        2.   Which of the U-NII bands is approved for outdoor use?

a.

U-NII-1

c.

U-NII-2  Extended

b.

U-NII-2

d.

U-NII-3

        3.   What is the multiplexing technique used by 802.11a to help solve the multipath distortion problem?

a.

QPSK

c.

FEC

b.

OFDM

d.

PBCC

        4.   How many bits per symbol can be transmitted using 16-QAM?

a.

16

c.

4

b.

2

d.

8

        5.   Which wireless data rate uses 64-level quadrature amplitude modulation, transmitting over 48 subcarriers?

a.

11  Mbps

c.

24  Mbps

b.

2  Mbps

d.

54  Mbps

        6.   Which layer defines the characteristics of the wireless medium?

a.

PLCP

c.

LLC

b.

PMD

d.

MAC

        7.   Which field in an 802.11a PLCP frame are used to initialize part of the transmitter and receiver circuits?

a.

Tail

c.

Service

b.

Pad

d.

Parity

        8.   What is the disadvantage of an 802.11a WLAN compared to an 802.11b WLAN?

a.

shorter  range

c.

more  interference sources

b.

higher  error rate

d.

lower  bandwidth

        9.   How many non-overlapping channels are available in an 802.11g WLAN?

a.

23

c.

3

b.

11

d.

8

      10.   Why is the SIFS time in the 802.11g standard effectively extended to 16 microseconds?

a.

for  compatibility with 802.11a

c.

to  allow 802.11n devices on the network

b.

to  account for quiet time

d.

to  achieve data rates higher than 11 Mbps

      11.   Which of the following is correct about antenna diversity?

a.

it  is the cornerstone of the 802.11n technology

c.

it  increases bandwidth while decreasing range

b.

it  is two radios and one antenna

d.

it  is two antennas with one radio

      12.   What do 802.11n devices employ to direct a transmission back to the device from which a frame was received?

a.

spatial  multiplexing

c.

MIMO

b.

beamforming

d.

antenna  diversity

      13.   What is the maximum radio configuration for 802.11n devices?

a.

3  transmitters, 3 receivers

c.

4  transmitters, 4 receivers

b.

6  transmitters, 4 receivers

d.

4  transmitters, 3 receivers

      14.   How much bandwidth do 802.11n devices utilize when running at speeds up to 300 Mbps?

a.

20  MHz

c.

40  MHz

b.

22  MHz

d.

44  MHz

      15.   What is the purpose of a guard band?

a.

help  prevent adjacent channel interference

c.

helps  prevent outside EM interference

b.

help  prevent co-channel interference

d.

helps  prevent intersymbol interference

      16.   What 802.11n mode of operation is referred to as greenfield?

a.

transmitting  in non-HT mode with 802.11a/g devices

c.

transmitting  with only HT devices

b.

transmitting  in mixed HT/non-HT devices

d.

transmitting  at a faster speed than receiving

      17.   Which HT operation mode is used when one or more non-HT devices are associated with an HT AP and supports devices at 20 or 40 MHz?

a.

Mode  0

c.

Mode  2

b.

Mode  1

d.

Mode  3

      18.   Which IEEE standard supports QoS and enables prioritization of frames in DCF?

a.

802.11f

c.

802.11d

b.

802.11e

d.

802.11c

      19.   What 802.11 standard under development uses up to 160 MHz bandwidth and can achieve data rates up to 7 Gbps?

a.

802.11bg

c.

802.11cd

b.

802.11ac

d.

802.11ga

      20.   What type of device can you deploy to allow client WLAN connectivity when the main AP is out of range?

a.

bridge

c.

monitor

b.

controller

d.

router

   COMPLETION

      1.   __________________ distortion occurs when the receiving device gets the same signal from several different directions at different times.

       2.   The _______________ interval prevents a new symbol from arriving at the receiver before the last multipath signal reaches the receiver’s antenna.

       3.   AP _____________________ is a security problem that takes advantage of the fact that clients authenticate with the AP but not vice versa.

       4.   The strength of encryption relies on keeping the __________ secret as well as its length.

       5.   802.1X uses the Extensible ________________ Protocol for relaying access requests between a wireless device, the AP, and the RADIUS server.

  MATCHING

  a.

co-channel  interference

f.

reduced  interframe space

b.

CTS-to-self

g.

spatial  multiplexing

c.

guard  band

h.

symbol

d.

intersymbol  interference

i.

TKIP

e.

pre-shared  key

j.

wireless  controller

       1.   a 128-bit key used by WPA

      2.   interference between two devices configured to use the same frequency channel

      3.   a change in the signal, also known as a baud

      4.   a 2-microsecond interframe space that can be used in 802.11n networks

      5.   the unused frequency space between two adjacent channels

      6.   a security protocol used in WPA that provides per packet key-mixing

      7.   a coordination method used by 802.11g devices that prevents 802.11 and 802.11b devices that do not “understand” OFDM from attempting to initiate a transmission

      8.   a transmission technique that uses multiple radios and multiple antennas to send different parts of the same message simultaneously

      9.   devices that make it much easier to manage large WLANs by implementing most of the functions of an AP

    10.   caused when the beginning of a symbol arrives at the receiver antenna while multipath reflections from the previous symbol are still reaching the antenna

  SHORT ANSWER

      1.   What is the U-NII frequency band and WLAN standard uses it?

       2.   Describe how 802.11a uses the U-NII-1, U-NII-2, and U-NII-2 extended bands.

       3.   What are the two mandatory and two optional transmission modes defined in the 802.11g PHY layer?

       4.   What are the three parts of an 802.11a PLCP frame?  Describe them briefly.

       5.   Describe the approach that 802.11n (HT) takes to the implementation of the PHY layer.

       6.   What is MIMO technology?  Include beamforming and spatial multiplexing in your answer.

       7.   What is the channel configuration of 802.11n and how does it help achieve higher data rates?

       8.   What is the guard interval and what does it help prevent?

       9.   What are wireless controllers and why are they important in WLANs?

     10.   What is 802.11i and what aspect of WLANs does it deal with?