#pbh elemental

[paperbagedhead]

Do you think the science side of tumblr could explain why we asexuals are fawning over an animated romantic comedy?

[lifewiththelulus]

pbh: YES! Yesssssss! The sibs! Thank you! Vaps trying to hide his face when family calls out to him is hella accurate. As if no one is going to notice the only other steam elemental in the hall. 🤣

[the-telescope-times]

(via All Dark Matter in the Universe Could Be Primordial Black Holes – Formed From the Collapse of Baby Universes Soon After the Big Bang)

The Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU) is home to many interdisciplinary projects which benefit from the synergy of a wide range of expertise available at the institute. One such project is the study of black holes that could have formed in the early universe, before stars and galaxies were born.  

Such primordial black holes (PBHs) could account for all or part of dark matter, be responsible for some of the observed gravitational waves signals, and seed supermassive black holes found in the center of our Galaxy and other galaxies. They could also play a role in the synthesis of heavy elements when they collide with neutron stars and destroy them, releasing neutron-rich material.

[sciencespies]

Physicists are still hunting primordial black holes to solve the dark matter problem

https://sciencespies.com/space/physicists-are-still-hunting-primordial-black-holes-to-solve-the-dark-matter-problem/

Physicists are still hunting primordial black holes to solve the dark matter problem

For a while now, physicists have been hunting for primordial black holes, exotic objects that could have formed in the early Universe and spawned a whole range of cosmic shenanigans.

Using a giant 8.2-metre-wide (that’s 27 feet) telescope, physicists from the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe in Japan are searching for signs of these objects; discovering them could even suggest our Universe was breeding baby universes when it was a wee youngster itself.

What they hope to see won’t exactly be as scandalous as peeping into alternative realities. But if their new models are correct, and they’re patient enough, they might find a primordial black hole (PBH) floating between us and a nearby galaxy.

Discovering such an object has the potential to fill in several gaps in our knowledge on a whole range of phenomena, from the nature of dark matter to the distribution of heavy elements throughout space.

More tantalisingly, it could also be a clue as to whether our own Universe is just one of many in a branching family tree of multiverses once spawned as its babies during the cosmic inflation – although plenty of debate would still remain on the latter point.

Primordial black holes have a lot in common with run-of-the-mill black holes formed by collapsing stars. They are both intense concentrations of matter that pinch surrounding space-time into a singularity, for example.

Singularities are themselves curious objects, comprising of points where the space-warping physics of general relativity meet the more granular metrics of quantum mechanics. Unfortunately these two master theories don’t agree on certain crucial details of reality, so nobody is precisely sure what a singularity is.

Even the surrounding warping of space and time makes a mess of our intuitions, leaving room to speculate that each black hole is an umbilicus to an entirely separate universe.

It’s not as far-fetched as it sounds. There are plenty of good reasons to think once a tumbling observer crosses the event horizon – a line of no return – space and time become indistinguishable from an expanding universe like ours.

That would mean that every time a star collapses to form a singularity, our Universe becomes a parent. Mazel tov!

Where PBHs differ is that they would have been spawned back when our Universe was maybe around a second old, a time when radiation dominated (and not much else).

Given enough of a shove in any one area, that concentrated sea of light could tip over the edge into a singularity. And because conditions were already extreme, the amount of mass required would be far below that needed for even the smallest stellar black holes.

Primordial black holes are interesting ideas in desperate want of solid evidence. Unfortunately smaller holes would have long since evaporated in a puff of Hawking Radiation. And anything large enough we’d surely have noticed by now.

But there are possibilities researchers have yet to rule out.

In this new model, the team returned to a theory where quantum effects in empty space could create something of a vacuum bubble, providing a seed for collapse.

Their maths shows these conditions during a period of rapid inflation could reasonably create primordial black holes of a range of masses. Interestingly, some would match what we’d expect of dark matter.

It’s an old idea that’s been kicked around for a while, to the extent that it’s looking increasingly unlikely as a candidate. If a population of these itty-bitty black holes does behave like dark matter, it’ll probably only account for a proportion of it.

Just to add to the scepticism, the method the team wants to use to search for these objects has also been attempted before.

Last year, researchers used the Subaru Telescope’s Hyper Suprime-Cam to collect nearly 200 snapshots of our neighbouring galaxy Andromeda over the course of seven hours, just to see if a PBH with the mass of our own Moon might float by.

Aside from a single ‘maybe’, the experiment didn’t find anything overly exciting.

But with this new model, the researchers argue if we wait a little longer – like around 88 hours – we just might get lucky this time. Or at least rule out their prediction.

Identifying a primordial black hole of this size would provide cosmologists with an object that could help to explain a range of perplexing problems. Not only might it contribute to our understanding of dark matter, their collisions with neutron stars might explain fast radio bursts.

We might have already seen a smash-up between these light-weight black holes in a signature of a gravitational wave event that had all the hallmarks of a neutron-star merger, without the flash.

As to whether these ancient black holes truly house the babies of our own Universe, we’d need some pretty revolutionary physics to confirm. But the kinds of black holes produced in this scenario would be just what we’re looking for.

Fingers crossed Hyper Suprime-Cam just might contribute a little something to the family album.

This research was published in Physical Review Letters.

#Space

[spacetimewithstuartgary]

Primordial black holes and the search for dark matter from the multiverse The Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU) is home to many interdisciplinary projects which benefit from the synergy of a wide range of expertise available at the institute. One such project is the study of black holes that could have formed in the early universe, before stars and galaxies were born. Such primordial black holes (PBHs) could account for all or part of dark matter, be responsible for some of the observed gravitational waves signals, and seed supermassive black holes found in the center of our Galaxy and other galaxies. They could also play a role in the synthesis of heavy elements when they collide with neutron stars and destroy them, releasing neutron-rich material. In particular, there is an exciting possibility that the mysterious dark matter, which accounts for most of the matter in the universe, is composed of primordial black holes. The 2020 Nobel Prize in physics was awarded to a theorist, Roger Penrose, and two astronomers, Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez, for their discoveries that confirmed the existence of black holes. Since black holes are known to exist in nature, they make a very appealing candidate for dark matter. The recent progress in fundamental theory, astrophysics, and astronomical observations in search of PBHs has been made by an international team of particle physicists, cosmologists and astronomers, including Kavli IPMU members Alexander Kusenko, Misao Sasaki, Sunao Sugiyama, Masahiro Takada and Volodymyr Takhistov. To learn more about primordial black holes, the research team looked at the early universe for clues. The early universe was so dense that any positive density fluctuation of more than 50 percent would create a black hole. However, cosmological perturbations that seeded galaxies are known to be much smaller. Nevertheless, a number of processes in the early universe could have created the right conditions for the black holes to form. One exciting possibility is that primordial black holes could form from the "baby universes" created during inflation, a period of rapid expansion that is believed to be responsible for seeding the structures we observe today, such as galaxies and clusters of galaxies. During inflation, baby universes can branch off of our universe. A small baby (or "daughter") universe would eventually collapse, but the large amount of energy released in the small volume causes a black hole to form. An even more peculiar fate awaits a bigger baby universe. If it is bigger than some critical size, Einstein's theory of gravity allows the baby universe to exist in a state that appears different to an observer on the inside and the outside. An internal observer sees it as an expanding universe, while an outside observer (such as us) sees it as a black hole. In either case, the big and the small baby universes are seen by us as primordial black holes, which conceal the underlying structure of multiple universes behind their "event horizons." The event horizon is a boundary below which everything, even light, is trapped and cannot escape the black hole. In their paper, the team described a novel scenario for PBH formation and showed that the black holes from the "multiverse" scenario can be found using the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) of the 8.2m Subaru Telescope, a gigantic digital camera--the management of which Kavli IPMU has played a crucial role--near the 4,200 meter summit of Mt. Mauna Kea in Hawaii. Their work is an exciting extension of the HSC search of PBH that Masahiro Takada, a Principal Investigator at the Kavli IPMU, and his team are pursuing. The HSC team has recently reported leading constraints on the existence of PBHs in Niikura, Takada et. al. (Nature Astronomy 3, 524-534 (2019)) Why was the HSC indispensable in this research? The HSC has a unique capability to image the entire Andromeda galaxy every few minutes. If a black hole passes through the line of sight to one of the stars, the black hole's gravity bends the light rays and makes the star appear brighter than before for a short period of time. The duration of the star's brightening tells the astronomers the mass of the black hole. With HSC observations, one can simultaneously observe one hundred million stars, casting a wide net for primordial black holes that may be crossing one of the lines of sight. The first HSC observations have already reported a very intriguing candidate event consistent with a PBH from the "multiverse," with a black hole mass comparable to the mass of the Moon. Encouraged by this first sign, and guided by the new theoretical understanding, the team is conducting a new round of observations to extend the search and to provide a definitive test of whether PBHs from the multiverse scenario can account for all dark matter. TOP IMAGE....Baby universes branching off of our universe shortly after the Big Bang appear to us as black holes. CREDIT Kavli IPMU CENTRE IMAGE....Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) is a gigantic digital camera on the Subaru Telescope CREDIT HSC project / NAOJ LOWER IMAGES....A star in the Andromeda galaxy temporarily becomes brighter if a primordial black hole passes in front of the star, focusing its light in accordance with the theory of gravity. CREDIT Kavli IPMU/HSC Collaboration

[bedlamfoundry]

Armada Next - Episode 23

Armada Next - Episode 23 ▶https://ArmadaNext.lnk.to/PLYA Subscribe to the Armada Music YouTube channel: http://bit.ly/SubscribeArmada Always looking to push the envelope both on a personal and professional level, Armada Music CEO Maykel Piron just launched a brand-new radio show called Armada Next. Hosted and curated by the label head himself alongside Armada Music’s U.K. label manager and co-host Ben Malone, the one-hour show will be broadcast every Sunday on Sirius XM before hitting MixCloud, SoundCloud, YouTube and Facebook a day later. Mixed live in audio and video from the recording studio in Armada Music’s HQ in Amsterdam, each episode of Armada Next offers up a showcase of new music and undiscovered gems. Containing exclusives features and premieres, a Track Of The Week and an Armada Music classic, the radio show circles the sweet spot between global club culture and underground relevance as it spotlights Maykel Piron’s pick of next-gen records and peak-time anthems. It’s a dedication to the evolution of underground music, and a way for the Armada Music chief to share his excitement, passion and vision with the rest of the world. Tracklist: 00:45 1. Sunnery James & Ryan Marciano feat. RANI - Life After You [SONO Records] 04:03 2. Ferry Corsten & Trance Wax - Black Lion [Flashover Records] 08:00 3. Loud Luxury feat. Morgan St. Jean - Aftertaste (D.O.D Remix) [Armada Music] 11:48 4. Da Hool feat. CICI-ROSE - Heartbleed [Armada Music] 14:42 5. Brando - Look Into My Eyes (HUGEL & Hugo Cantarra Remix) [Armada Music] 18:19 6. Kamil Ghaouti & SAGA feat. Natalie Major - Bangalore [Found Frequencies] 21:23 7. TRACK OF THE WEEK: Tensnake - Make You Mine [Armada Music] 24:30 8. Shadow Child vs Binary Finary - 1998 (Venus) [Armada Electronic Elements] 28:31 9. Dual Beat - Déja Que Llora (House Mix) [Yellow Productions] 32:19 10. Armin van Buuren & AVIRA - Illusion [Armind] 35:53 11. Loud Luxury x CID - Nights Like This (PBH & Jack Remix) [Armada Music] 39:25 12. BRKLYN feat. Brando - London Girls [Armada Music] 42:03 13. ARTY x Audien and Ellee Duke - Craving [Armada Music] 45:28 14. ARMADA CLASSIC: Sound De-Zign - Happiness [Armada Music] 48:57 15. Felix - Don’t You Want Me (Hannah Wants Remix) [Armada Subjekt] 53:29 16. MistaJam - When (Inner City Remix) [Dance NRG] 56:45 17. Tom Staar feat. Leo Stannard - U + I [Armada Music] Connect with Armada Music ▶https://www.instagram.com/armadamusic ▶https://www.facebook.com/armadamusic ▶https://www.twitter.com/armada ▶https://www.soundcloud.com/armadamusic ▶https://www.armadamusic.com #ArmadaNext #ArmadaMusic #BeFree #BeBeautiful #BeYOU #BeLOVE #BedlamFoundry #IAmBedlam #EDM

[arxt1]

Thermalization of large energy release in the early Universe. (arXiv:2005.11325v1 [astro-ph.CO])

Spectral distortions of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) provide a unique tool for learning about the early phases of cosmic history, reaching deep into the primordial Universe. At redshifts $z<10^6$, thermalization processes become inefficient and existing limits from COBE/FIRAS imply that no more than $\Delta \rho/\rho<6\times 10^{-5}$ (95% c.l.) of energy could have been injected into the CMB. However, at higher redshifts, when thermalization is efficient, the constraint weakens and $\Delta \rho/\rho \simeq 0.01-0.1$ could in principle have occurred. Existing computations for the evolution of distortions commonly assume $\Delta \rho/\rho \ll 1$ and thus become inaccurate in this case. Similarly, relativistic temperature corrections become relevant for large energy release, but have previously not been modeled as carefully. Here we study the evolution of distortions and the thermalization process after single large energy release at $z>10^5$. We show that for large distortions the thermalization efficiency is significantly reduced and that the distortion visibility is sizeable to much earlier times. This tightens spectral distortions constraints on low-mass primordial black holes with masses $M_{\rm PBH} < 6\times 10^{11}$ g. Similarly, distortion limits on the amplitude of the small-scale curvature power spectrum at wavenumbers $k>10^4\,{\rm Mpc}^{-1}$ and short-lived decaying particles with lifetimes $t_X< 10^7$ s are tightened, however, these require a more detailed time-dependent treatment. We also briefly discuss the constraints from measurements of the effective number of relativistic degrees of freedom and light element abundances and how these complement spectral distortion limits.

from gr-qc updates on arXiv.org https://ift.tt/3ejXwXI

[111the--unknown--one111-blog]

Final Draft Research project

   The topic of my massive semester long research paper is Black holes. I have now been working on this for an entire semester of school and tonight was the last night of the class. This paper is going to cover all the research I have done and all the work I have put into this project as a hole. It has been one interesting journey with lots of learning and growth.

          I want this paper to be something that other people will be interested in, leaving lots of questions that they would want to seek the answers too but answering enough that they feel like the cup is almost full. I want to be able to teach people something new that doesn’t get shared or talked about as much. I want to talk about the origin of black holes and different the different types of holes and what they are. What happens when a star goes super nova and the different things that could happen to near by solar systems.

          Many don’t think that the study of space has any significance, and that it doesn’t really matter. Everyone is wrong that says that. Its our future. I want to convince people that the study of space and the fabric it lies in is interesting and important. There is a lot to learn and I want to share that with anyone that reads.

          One type of black hole would be a primordial black hole. Its a hypothetical type of black hole that was formed soon after what we call the Big Bang Theory. A Gravitational wave burst is a one-time event. These events are emitted in frequencies in the range of both LIGO and LISA (different frequency ranges) Using these different “events” as long as we capture them, we can then determine the mass, spin and spatial distributions of the Primordial Black hole. You also have normal black holes. These are larger in size and much more powerful. These black holes contain a material we call Cold Dark Matter. This is something that we currently don’t know much about but are in the process of finding out more information as we continue our research into the fabric of space the these monsters we call Black Holes. Black holes can also end up merging together and continue to grow as they do so. as they grow the gravitational waves emitted become immensely stronger. This source is all about these events and what they do. It gives a small insight on where black holes may have come from using the Big Bang theory as a backup but no one really knows where they originated from.

          When it comes to the fabric of space, time plays a role in it. I am not sure how much of a role that it plays but this is something that I will want to do research on. I have a really good family friend that teaches astronomy at the Brigham young university and  I can use him as a source for information that I can use to further the understanding of the different things that I will write about for this assignment.

          One of my goals in this, would to not only teach and inform other people, but to learn more about space myself. There are a lot of different ways to appeal to a reader, and many readers only find interest in a given thing if your presentation of that appeals to them. Some people get hooked in a lot deeper if you use emotion and wonder right at the start, whereas some get pulled in by facts and statistics. I want to be able to use both in my research to try and snag both those groups of people. I feel that most people like to be moved by something but finding that something can be difficult for most. I don’t know how many people might be moved by this but the most important thing is that I will move myself. I will further my understanding, And hopefully begin to fill my glass that is seeking out the curios things in the universe.

          To truly cover “black holes” in a whole, I need to go more in depth about dark matter and dark energy as they both play a role on black holes and just about everything else in space. This is a source about both and I like it.

          When it comes to dark energy, there is more about it that is unknown that there is known by mankind. The only reason we know how much dark energy there is, is because of the way it acts on the expansion of the universe, other than that, dark energy is a complete mystery to us in a whole. It is a very important mystery though, as it makes up roughly 68% of the universe. Dark matter makes up about 27%. When it comes to all of the normal matter that we are all familiar with, like the earth, rock, metal, and everything made from any given planet only makes up 5% of all the mass in the universe.

          Dark matter, its dark, it’s not in stars or planets. All of our observations show that there is actually far too little visible matter in the universe to make up the 27% they say there is. It’s also not in the form of dark clouds of what we call “normal matter” things made up of particles called baryons. We know this because we can actually detect baryon particles by their absorption of radiation passing through them.

          Dark matter isn’t what some people call anti matter, that is a common misconception. Baryonic matter could still make up the dark matter if it were all tied up in brown dwarfs or in small, dense chunks of heavy elements. These are called “massive compact halo objects” But the most common view is that dark matter is not baryonic at all, but that it is made up of other, more exotic particles like axions or WIMPS (weakly interacting massive particles) truth be told, we just can’t confirm anything

          When it comes to the way this assignment is supposed to be graded and viewed, I am actually having a hard time trying to find a way to do this. No teacher has ever just said “there is no rules” to me. It makes it hard for me to stay focused and write what I should when there is no specific thing that I should be writing about. I feel like this will be a good learning experience for me and that I will be able to discover more of who I am as a writer instead of who my professor wants me to be. That’s how its been all through grade school and most of collage. I am suppose to write what the want me to write.

Formation of black holes may be constrained by intrinsic parameters characterizing them such as electric charge. Here we discuss the effects of a relatively minute excess of charge on extremal black hole formation and the horizon. We extend the implications of this argument to the formation of primordial black holes (PBH) in the early universe which gives a possible reason for the lack of detection of Hawking radiation. These charge limits also apply to dark matter (DM) particles that may form PHBs in the early universe. The constraint thus obtained on the electric charge of DM particles could also account for the required magnitude of the repulsive dark energy (DE) currently causing an accelerated universe which provides a possible unified picture of DM and DE.

I feel passionate about this subject and am glad I chose to continue studying this. When it comes to qualifications, is anyone really qualified to research  anything? I feel that the only boundaries in place when it comes to research and different things you want  to study are the ones that you put on yourself. As long as your trying that is good enough.

          When it comes to the questions I may have while I do research on the many topics of space, there is always a good place to turn. Nasa has plenty of articles and a question database that I can turn to for answers, and I hope to find a question to something that they have yet to answer.  I have a few articles that explain things really well that come straight from nasas website. In fact, we have now discovered a new black hole towards the center of our galaxy that is so big it shouldn’t exist. Its also doing something quite amazing! Its been spitting super nova starts out like candy and we cant explain what is going on with it.

Many people think of black holes as empty space or actual holes, but they are wrong. This source goes into detail about the matter of a black hole, and the size of said matter. A black hole is anything but empty space. Rather, it is a great amount of matter packed into a very small area. Think of a star ten times more massive than our sun squeezed into a sphere approximately the diameter of New York city. The result of that is a gravitational field so strong that nothing, not even light can escape its great pull. The idea of an object in space so dense and heavy that nothing could escape has been around since Einstein’s theory of general relativity. Which showed that when a massive star dies, it leaves behind a small, dense remnant core. If the cores mass is more than about three times the mass of the sun, the equations showed, the force of gravity would overwhelm all other forces and produce a black hole

Albert Einstein first predicted the existence of black holes in 1916, with his general theory of relativity. The term “black hole” was coined many years later in 1967 by American astronomer John Wheeler. After decades of black holes being known only as theoretical objects, the first physical black hole ever discovered was spotted in 1971.

Black holes are very strange, and also very fascinating objects found in outer space. They are very dense, (the densest object known to man) and has the strongest gravitational attraction that man has ever known, strong enough that light itself cannot escape its grasp if it comes near enough to it.

In 2019 the “Event Horizon Telescope release an image of a black hole. This was the first image ever captured actually showing the hole itself. You can’t actually see the hole itself. Its black, but you can see that the image maps the sudden loss of photons, particles of light. It also opens up a whole new area of research in these space objects we call black holes. Now that astronomers know what a black hole looks like we can begin to further our study in them. So far we have been able to identify 3 types of black holes, stellar black holes, supermassive black holes, and intermediate black holes.

A seller black hole has a mass less that around 100X that of our sun, is made of one of the possible evolutionary endpoints of high mass stars. When the core of a star has burned into iron (finished itself off) energy production stops and the core rapidly collapses making a supernova explosion. If the core is big enough (about 2-3 solar masses – the max mass of a neutron star) the pressure of neutrons is not able to stop the force of the collapse and that is when a stellar black hole is formed. These holes are usually modelled as “Kerr black holes” these black holes usually have little electric charge to them.

          Using our instruments to look further into these massive holes, there are currently around 20 or so X-ray binary systems that possibly contain stellar black holes. This number does continue to grow as we develop better and more sensitive instruments.

This article goes into further detail about an intermediate mass black hole. This is a class of black hole with masses ranging from 10^2 – 10^5 solar mass. This is significantly more than a stellar black hole I previously mentioned. The super massive black holes are around 10^5 – 10^9 solar mass. There have been several intermediate mass black hole candidate objects discovered in our galaxy and in others that are nearby, based on the indirect gas cloud velocity and accretion disk spectra observes of various evidentiary strength.

          When it comes to discoveries for these intermediate mass black holes, we have only found a few. The first discovery happened just November 4 last year, a team of astronomers reported the discovery of what we call GCIRS 13E, this is the first intermediate mass black hole in our galaxy and right now it is orbiting  3 light years from Sagittarius A. this black hole is 1,300 solar masses and is sitting in a cluster of seven stars. This was possibly the remnant of a massive star cluster that had been stripped by its galactic center.

Works Cited

Garcia-Bellido, Juan, and Savvas Nesseris. “Gravitational Wave Energy Emission and Detection Rates of Primordial Black Hole Hyperbolic Encounters.” PHYSICS OF THE DARK UNIVERSE, vol. 21, pp. 61–69. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1016/j.dark.2018.06.001. Accessed 23 Oct. 2019.

     Science.nasa.gov. (2019). Dark Energy, Dark Matter | Science Mission Directorate. [online] Available at: https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-is-dark-energy [Accessed 24 Oct. 2019].

Sivaram, C., et al. “Extremal Charged Black Holes, Dark Matter and Dark Energy.” Astrophysics and Space Science, no. 10, 2018, p. 1. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1007/s10509-018-3428-5.

“Black Holes.” NASA, NASA, https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/black-holes.

Redd, Nola Taylor. “Black Holes: Facts, Theory & Definition.” Space.com, Space, 11 July 2019, https://www.space.com/15421-black-holes-facts-formation-discovery-sdcmp.html.

“Stellar Black Hole: COSMOS.” Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/S/Stellar Black Hole.

“Intermediate-Mass Black Hole.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 8 Oct. 2019, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediate-mass_black_hole.

[shirlleycoyle]

Our Solar System Might Have a Black Hole From the Dawn of the Universe

For years, scientists have been scanning the outer reaches of the solar system for signs of Planet Nine, a world that could be about 10 times as massive as Earth. While this speculative planet has not been directly detected, its presence is inferred by the gravitational tug that astronomers think it is exerting on smaller objects near it.

But what if this mysterious gravitational source isn’t a planet at all? What if it is actually a black hole? But not just any black hole—a black hole from the dawn of the universe.

This tantalizing possibility, which would have dramatic implications for particle physics and cosmology, is explored in a paper published on the arXiv preprint server this week. According to co-authors Jakub Scholtz and James Unwin, a hypothetical object called a primordial black hole (PBH) could account for the odd orbits observed in the distant solar system.

“A solution with an ordinary planet and a solution with an exotic compact object like a primordial black hole are very similar,” said Unwin, who is an assistant professor and theoretical particle physicist at the University of Illinois at Chicago.

“However, the search strategy you need to identify [a black hole] is drastically different,” he added. “We're not currently using all the tools in our toolbox to search for this thing.”

Unlike normal black holes, which form when stars collapse, primordial black holes originate from gravitational perturbations in the very early universe, within one second after the Big Bang. As a result, these objects can be extremely small compared to their counterparts made from stars.

“For normal black holes, you need to have at least a solar mass because it is created out of a star,” said Scholtz, who is a junior research fellow at the Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology at Durham University. “These primordial black holes can be much lighter; for example, an Earth mass, or in fact, even lighter.”

Scholtz and Unwin started developing the paper after recognizing a surprising connection between the Planet Nine hypothesis and potential PBH observations captured by the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) project.

OGLE is an instrument that scans the skies for microlensing events, which occur when distant objects—typically thousands of light years beyond our own solar system—pass in front of even more remote stars. The gravitational fields of these small objects, which could be primordial black holes or free-ranging planets, bend light from background stellar sources, producing a lensing signature that OGLE can detect.

While it is difficult to distinguish what these objects actually are, the lensing events do enable scientists to estimate that they are about one half to 20 times as massive as Earth. This is about the same mass scale expected for Planet Nine, a coincidence that Scholtz and Unwin call “remarkable” in the paper.

Proponents of the Planet Nine hypothesis have noted that the expected location of this world, which is about 20 times as far from the Sun as Neptune on average, is a strange place to find a planet native to the solar system. One explanation is that Planet Nine was once a free-floating world, meaning a planet with no host star, that was ensnared by the Sun’s gravity.

But if a planet could be captured, why not a primordial black hole? Indeed, Scholtz and Unwin calculated that the probability of either class of object getting netted by the solar system are roughly the same. “It could equally be some sort of exotic object that got captured by the solar system at some point,” Unwin said.

So how do we find out if our solar system has had a secret black hole up its sleeve all these years? Theoretically, the authors said, a primordial black hole would produce “annihilation signals.”

These occur when the black hole’s dark matter particles are destroyed upon contact with their anti-particle counterparts. This process would create light radiation that could be potentially be picked up by instruments like the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope or the Chandra X-ray Observatory.

“We actually expect [annihilation signals] to happen at quite a significant rate, so these things have the potential to just be glowing sources in the sky,” Unwin said. To that end, Scholtz and Unwin are planning to analyze public data from the Fermi telescope to look for signals that might correspond to a local black hole.

It bears mentioning that the hypothesis that Planet Nine might be a primordial black hole is extremely speculative, and it will take years to gather the data necessary to support the idea.

But let’s say, for fun, that it’s true that there is a freakin’ black hole in the outer solar system. It would not be an overstatement to call this one of the most consequential discoveries in the history of science, which would enable scientists to test fundamental theories.

“The first thing we could do is send something out there and do a lot of tests of general relativity,” Unwin said. “The hypothetical orbit of Planet Nine is far away, but it’s not an inaccessible distance.”

The opportunity to study an actual black hole up close would revolutionize our understanding of these exotic objects, and constrain theories about the origins and composition of dark matter. If it turns out to be a primordial black hole, scientists could also learn about the early universe and the formation of its elemental properties, such as electromagnetism and the weak nuclear force.

At this point, the idea remains a mind-boggling alternative to the Planet Nine hypothesis, which is itself fairly stupefying. But as scientists continue to probe the weird phenomena at the edge of our solar system, the identity of this enigmatic gravitational source will hopefully be revealed.

“We are only going to get better information,” Unwin said. “If you exhaust your conventional searches in visible light, this explanation that it could be a more exotic object really starts to gain traction.”

Our Solar System Might Have a Black Hole From the Dawn of the Universe syndicated from https://triviaqaweb.wordpress.com/feed/

[paperbagedhead]

It’s so hard to keep from spoiling anything when I have so many feelings I want share.  But I’ll do my damnedest for you guys.

[lifewiththelulus]

pbh: I just want to info dump ideas for Vapor. He was a playful and a heart on his sleeve kind of kid, until he got older. Then his peers became more cynical, being one of the first mixed elements in history and not truly fitting into any group so they started avoiding him. Now even though he’s social at heart, he chooses to act like a lone wolf. He gets attached really easily so when his old playmates stoped stoped playing with him he took it really hard. He would rather not get attached at all then get his heart broken over and over.

tooth: See that's interesting cause I was kinda going a different way with Hazel. It's not that the barbs aren't there or hurtful but she's adapted her natural shy kindness to play the good sport. Shell play along and take insults on the chin if it helps her "fit in"

pbh: Hazel laughing off playful teasing when it really hurts her, 😢. Can relate. I was thinking of a character arc where Vaps finally finds a group of friends.

tooth: And totally not trying to step on your toes but I'd imagine vapor becoming distant means also being distant from her and her brand of endless optimism. Not necessarily intentionally but its still felt

pbh: Oh definitely, though since he’s pretty bad at hiding his feelings (like his dad) he would still be a bit clingy to her, but in a “I’m only coming along because there’s nothing else to do.” He says while he never strays farther than a foot from her) kind of way.

[nrip]

Applying Marketing Essentials to Your Website and Social Media to Connect With Customers

Beth Comstock, former chief marketing officer of General Electric, said it perfectly: "Whether B2B or B2C, I believe passionately that good marketing essentials are the same. We all are emotional beings looking for relevance, context, and connection." Being able to connect with the outside world on an emotional or relevant level is a powerful tool. Dental professionals generally recognize the influence of good or great marketing but also acknowledge that this type of business building may not be their strong suit. This, in turn, can work as a catalyst for hiring a marketing expert to help bring in new business.

To maximize working with a specialist, the dentist must participate in the planning and execution of the resulting marketing efforts. By blindly following the lead of a marketer or consultant, you can end up with marketing approaches that don't connect with your audience. Even with their expertise, marketing specialists need the insight that only you, the dental professional, can give.

This is where many dentists and marketing consultants drop the ball. Emotional awareness and personalization are needed to distinguish your practice from the rest of the dental universe (who are all probably using the exact same type of marketing tools). Two basic but essential tools-a website and social media-can be utilized to make that personal connection to bring new customers to your door.

The Website: Opportunity to Stand Out

By now, every dentist who wants to stay in business should have a website. I'm not the first person to point out that the Internet is today's Yellow Pages. Most people search the Internet for all goods and services, and your dental office needs to be there to be found. If you don't have a website, getting one should be your priority.

Fortunately, websites do not have to be built from scratch. While custom-created websites can be quite costly, reputable website companies such as PBHS (pbhs.com) and ProSites® (prosites.com) also can supply a dental practice with a predesigned website, allowing it to be up and running quickly. Dentists typically like this option, because websites generated this way can be cost-effective, look great, read well, and require minimal effort. However, the downside of putting in minimal effort is getting minimal return on your marketing investment. If you want your website to be a successful marketing tool for capturing business, consider the following:

Unique content: Having the same content as every other dental practice that bought the same website package is detrimental to your marketing efforts. You need unique content on your website to improve your visibility and your chances of capturing online traffic. Keep in mind that most potential patients won't be navigating directly to your site; instead they will be searching for a dentist by entering certain criteria or key phrases into a search engine. You want to be one of the first websites to populate for that criterion or phrase. The content on your website determines how the search engine ranks your site. If your content is exactly the same as most other dental practices, rising to the top of the search list will be impossible.

Having your own content gives you individualism, a tone, a persona. You don't have to rewrite your whole templated website to achieve this effect, but adding elements that display some personality, warmth, and relatability will help. The content should especially appeal to the types of patients you envision treating. For example, if you're proud to have served this country in the military and you want to help veterans in need of dental care, let it be known. Also, highlight any awards, honors, or other professional recognition you've received.

Your image: The appearance of the website should reflect the practice. Visitors should be able to get a "sneak peak" into what their patient experience would be like. Many prefabricated websites come with stock images and cool flash animation, but consumers would much rather see the reality of your office than slick impersonal imagery. Having actual images of the dentist(s), patients, staff, and office on the website provides context and a connection. It also allows prospective patients to gain a sense of trust and confidence. The more potential patients can learn about the practice, the safer they will feel and the more likely they will be to take a chance with your services.

Emotional impact: The website conveys information about the practice through both its content and visual appeal. The colors, page layout, and fonts used on a website have an emotional effect on its viewers. This type of influence is powerful and persuasive and should be used to the practice's advantage. For example, for people who tend to be fearful of the dentist, those fears could be offset with a sense of calmness and safety before they even arrive at the front door through the use of the right colors, elements, and fonts. The look of the website should create a positive emotional response. Too much visual clutter might cause the viewer to feel overwhelmed, while intense colors might instill feelings of stress. Thoughtful design can help the practice connect with a new patient on an emotional level without him or her even being aware of it.

The Post: Be Socially Engaging

Social media is seemingly ubiquitous. For a dental practice this amounts to free airtime. Dentists can take advantage of social media by being active on platforms that prospective customers might be using, such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. This can be a great asset, but only if it is done effectively.

What to post: Social media is used to keep a community connected to an establishment or person. Great postings are those that are relevant, engaging, and help people feel informed or included. Examples of ways to do this are sharing something bragworthy about a patient (with their approval), promoting patient contests, or announcing that the dentist or practice has been honored or recognized. Posts can announce when someone has, for example, won an iPad® in an office contest; include photos for extra excitement. It's best when you can get your patients to share your posts on their social media pages. You can encourage this by making your posts relevant and enjoyable for them.

Another great way to have people share your posts is through education or promotions. Keeping patients informed about specials, new products, and/or treatment raises their awareness of what your practice can do for them. This can also drive new business.

How and when to post: While starting accounts on Facebook and other platforms is easy to do, maintaining a regular stream of quality posts makes managing social media challenging. Posts should be made consistently by a designated team member or company to keep followers and onlookers engaged. If need be, companies such as Smile Savvy® (smilesavvy.com) can assist with the task of posting.

"Regular" and "consistent" posting does not mean "constant" posting. Posting too much is like sending too many unsolicited emails; at some point the recipient just stops looking. The frequency of posts should be determined by the content of the posts. For example, if the dental practice is in the midst of a contest countdown, then a daily post is appropriate. Otherwise, posting every 2 weeks, monthly, or bimonthly should suffice.

Whoever is doing the posting, whether a staff member or outside company, should consult the dentist on what he or she wants posted. As with the website, having the dentist interject some personality helps the social media posts connect with their intended audience. The content should be tailored to the people the dentist expects to read it. If, for example, most of the practice's followers are parents of pediatric patients the information should relate to them.

Marketing a dental practice online isn't necessarily difficult, but it is time consuming. While bringing in outside help can be beneficial, the best results will come when the dentist contributes to the marketing plan and conversation. Though marketing tactics may change over time, the need for relevance, context, and connection never will.

About the Author

Tanya Gold, RDH Owner, Dental Hand for Hire, Calabasas, California (dentalhand4hire.com), which specializes in public relations, practice enhancement, and  communication strategies

[keyinteriordesigns]

Box Office: Presentation Day

20:17/ 02.11.18 As part of our brief we had to present our design ideas to a group of judges.

Niki Woods: Artistic Director New Adelphi Theatre

Chris Large: Deputy Director Estates & facilities, University of Salford

Martin Hughes: Technical Manager, University of Salford

Jon Healiss: Regional Director Architect, Stride Treglown

Mike Greaney: PBH Shopfitters tbc

These exercises are incredibly important to build our confidence in engaging with the client and our ability to effectively sell our design. I learnt a lot from this particular experience, including different ways to display my work, improvements I could make to my visuals and perhaps most importantly, knowing what I'm going to say! I feel this in particular was a downfall for me as confidence is key in this business and through nervousness I forgot to mention many important aspects of my design, like the fact my desk allowed for wheelchair-to-wheelchair interaction. I also learnt that my visuals should have been a lot bigger to show key elements of the design.

The important thing is to remember it’s all part of the learning curve and to learn how to improve, you’ve got to first make some mistakes.

Link to: Box Office Presentation 

[thisisscratchy]

⚡️PIVOTASS ⚡️ . . For this new episode of the 1’UP shoutout serie PBH presents you @pivotass whom we met in Krakow, Poland at the @worldbeatboxcamp organized by @dharni & along with the @fairplaydancecamp right after the 5th World @beatboxbattletv Championships in Berlin. . . Pivotass is an artist from Montpellier, France. He discovered and started beatboxing around 2011 thanks to Joseph Poolpo's video, but he really got into it in the end of 2016 with NaPoM vs Kenny Urban at the 5th Element Battle. . . His main influences are @napom_official @gvsbeatbox @alexinhobbx @amitbeats @kennyurbanbeatbox @alem_new_school @chrisceliz among others. . . Pivotass began his beatbox career by entering the Tag Team category for the French Championship 2017 with his friend @pacmax_bbx ! . . His major achievements are making it into the Top 4 tag team french champs in 2017 and helping regrouping beatboxers in Montpellier with the #TeamMontpel beatbox collective. . . His projects for 2018-19 are being the new tag team french champ of 2018, inspire as much as possible to everyone about beatbox's philosophy and traveling as much as possible for beatbox event. . . Thank you for this shoutout and good luck for this year. If you’re enjoying this serie, drop à like, share and let us know in the comment who else would you like to see and know more about in a future serie 💪🏽💪🏽⚡️⚡️ . . Shot & edited by @thisisscratchy 🎙#videomicme by @rodemic 🎥 #iphone5SE by @apple . . ESH (at Kraków, Poland) https://www.instagram.com/p/BoLp7GRnxoH/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=yvhnjxxbz0jn

[jeremystrele]

5 Ways to Incorporate Woven Textures Into a Home

We hope you like the products we recommend. Just so you are aware, Freshome may collect a share of sales from the links on this page. 

Have you always liked wicker, but figured it was a material limited to outdoor patio sets? We have good news for you! Over the years, designers have found ways to bring woven textures right into the home. Wicker gives a room visual texture, so it’s a useful element to work with indoors. And depending on how it’s used, it can accent almost any home style. Woven textures can look classic, fun, artsy, rustic or chic, depending on how each texture is used. Read on to learn how to use woven textures in a variety of home styles and possibly find some inspiration.

A large wicker storage container can make a good coffee table in more casual designs. Image: Marla Sher Design

Use woven textures in large elements in the room

One of the easiest ways to use a woven texture is to have it as a single, large element in a room. You may use a large wicker storage container as a coffee table, as in the photo above. Or you could try one large chair or a sofa as a woven texture piece.

This idea adds visual texture into a room without dominating the space. Having only one wicker element draws attention to the texture, but other elements in the room soften it. What you’re left with is a textured accent, without the space looking too rustic.

Wicker furniture in a sunroom is a good way to bring woven textures into the home without sacrificing the formality of indoor living spaces. Image: PBH Construction

Woven textures fit naturally in outdoor areas and sunrooms

Of course, wicker still works in transitional spaces, too. Wicker patio sets in enclosed spaces like sunrooms are attractive, as the photo above shows. The all-wicker set gives the space more of a casual, outdoorsy feel, which is the perfect aesthetic for a sunroom. You might also consider adding wicker chairs next to large bay windows or patio doors.

Woven textures can also include rope designs. Image: Blue Ocean Design

Use smaller decorative elements indoors

If you like woven textures, you might also want to try smaller wicker and woven accents. If you’re looking to work woven textures into unusual spaces, like bedrooms, consider more subtle wicker accents. Try incorporating woven accents in light fixtures, mirror frames, lamps and stools. This hints at a rustic feel without making your bedroom feel like it’s part of a patio set.

Wicker was popular in eras past, so an old-style wicker chair is a good option for designs with a retro feel. Image: Dida Home

Incorporate classic elements

Another idea for using wicker in a space is to go for purposefully classic elements, like the chair in the photo above. Wicker and woven textures already have something of a classic feel to them, so choosing wicker furniture with retro designs is a good way to make use of that classic feel.

While these elements shine in retro designs, they’re suitable for a variety of styles. Classic wicker furniture works well in boho or eclectic spaces. That’s because those styles are all about being funky, random and free.

White and pink wicker furniture is a fun and classy addition to a space. Image: Alison Kandler Interior Design

Try colored wicker furniture

Want to get even more creative? Try colored wicker. Pink, white or blue wicker feels right at home in a colorful, artsy room. It’s a way to bring wicker into any color scheme. Usually, traditional wicker works best in neutral color schemes. But painting the wicker makes it match just about any style you are trying to create. A fun throw pillow or cushion can also add a dash of color to the design and match the painted wicker.

What about you? Are you ready to incorporate these funky woven textures into your home? How are you planning on using wicker?

The post 5 Ways to Incorporate Woven Textures Into a Home appeared first on Freshome.com.

[owensrhodes]

5 Ways to Incorporate Woven Textures Into a Home

We hope you like the products we recommend. Just so you are aware, Freshome may collect a share of sales from the links on this page. 

Have you always liked wicker, but figured it was a material limited to outdoor patio sets? We have good news for you! Over the years, designers have found ways to bring woven textures right into the home. Wicker gives a room visual texture, so it’s a useful element to work with indoors. And depending on how it’s used, it can accent almost any home style. Woven textures can look classic, fun, artsy, rustic or chic, depending on how each texture is used. Read on to learn how to use woven textures in a variety of home styles and possibly find some inspiration.

A large wicker storage container can make a good coffee table in more casual designs. Image: Marla Sher Design

Use woven textures in large elements in the room

One of the easiest ways to use a woven texture is to have it as a single, large element in a room. You may use a large wicker storage container as a coffee table, as in the photo above. Or you could try one large chair or a sofa as a woven texture piece.

This idea adds visual texture into a room without dominating the space. Having only one wicker element draws attention to the texture, but other elements in the room soften it. What you’re left with is a textured accent, without the space looking too rustic.

Wicker furniture in a sunroom is a good way to bring woven textures into the home without sacrificing the formality of indoor living spaces. Image: PBH Construction

Woven textures fit naturally in outdoor areas and sunrooms

Of course, wicker still works in transitional spaces, too. Wicker patio sets in enclosed spaces like sunrooms are attractive, as the photo above shows. The all-wicker set gives the space more of a casual, outdoorsy feel, which is the perfect aesthetic for a sunroom. You might also consider adding wicker chairs next to large bay windows or patio doors.

Woven textures can also include rope designs. Image: Blue Ocean Design

Use smaller decorative elements indoors

If you like woven textures, you might also want to try smaller wicker and woven accents. If you’re looking to work woven textures into unusual spaces, like bedrooms, consider more subtle wicker accents. Try incorporating woven accents in light fixtures, mirror frames, lamps and stools. This hints at a rustic feel without making your bedroom feel like it’s part of a patio set.

Wicker was popular in eras past, so an old-style wicker chair is a good option for designs with a retro feel. Image: Dida Home

Incorporate classic elements

Another idea for using wicker in a space is to go for purposefully classic elements, like the chair in the photo above. Wicker and woven textures already have something of a classic feel to them, so choosing wicker furniture with retro designs is a good way to make use of that classic feel.

While these elements shine in retro designs, they’re suitable for a variety of styles. Classic wicker furniture works well in boho or eclectic spaces. That’s because those styles are all about being funky, random and free.

White and pink wicker furniture is a fun and classy addition to a space. Image: Alison Kandler Interior Design

Try colored wicker furniture

Want to get even more creative? Try colored wicker. Pink, white or blue wicker feels right at home in a colorful, artsy room. It’s a way to bring wicker into any color scheme. Usually, traditional wicker works best in neutral color schemes. But painting the wicker makes it match just about any style you are trying to create. A fun throw pillow or cushion can also add a dash of color to the design and match the painted wicker.

What about you? Are you ready to incorporate these funky woven textures into your home? How are you planning on using wicker?

The post 5 Ways to Incorporate Woven Textures Into a Home appeared first on Freshome.com.