#phenol red indicator

[whats-in-a-sentence]

Kits for testing the pH of pool water (figure 11.9) use phenol red indicator, which changes colour over the pH range of 6.4-8.2.

"Chemistry" 2e - Blackman, A., Bottle, S., Schmid, S., Mocerino, M., Wille, U.

[sciencesolutions]

[cedar-glade]

Two fun finds from Davis Memorial, Adams co. Both Seneca snake root, and lily leaved tway-blade were in bloom. Ive actually never seen Lily leaf tway blade in full anthesis.

Lily Leaf Tway Blade

Liparis liliifolia

a species of tway blade orchid known to have a fairly decent range and is an indicator species of fungal diverse hillsides with alkaline soil aggregate structure. The species it's self is considered to have unique nectar spur morphology and shows signs of insect mimicry in it's shape; with this said, it can be pollinated fairly easily by many generalists and mainly a long bodied small fly in the genera Pegoplata, aka short horned flys. which makes that spur, a mystery since we don't know if the fly is praying on moths or if it is praying on other long tongued insects looking for nectar, or if it's just somehow attracted to the flower proper.

Seneca Snake Root, senegal milkwort

Polygala senega

a rocky mesic hillside species that should be more common but is easily poached for its roots much like goldenseal, goldenroot, or ginseng and is usually locally abundant in spots and increasingly rare out of monitored preserves. The root can be boiled in tea form for mucus expectorants. High doses of powdered senega root or tincture are emetic and irritating to the GI tract, can cause reduced inflammation but also nerve transport/communication issues. The name is derived from it's anti inflamatory properties and nerve disrupting properties alone and was used but first nation tribes like the seneca/senagal and manatoba in aid for rattlesnake bites; this would need to be used with nervains( specifically Verbena spp. and blood clotter plants to work fully like Rattlesnake master, Eryngium yuccifolium.

Rattle Snake Master research is on going for usages:

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18499203/

lipophilic chemicals that are associated are pretty interesting too.

when you add a lipid breaking and a protein breaking stew of chemicals, as well as phenolic bioactive compounds that are readily digestible and useful in a tea you can see why the plants were all used in conjunction to fight venom.

haemotoxic venom of adders can cause latent hemoraging at pressure points where platelet stacking and fat can cause massive stacking events. It mainly causes the opposite though in the fact that it disrupts the clotting cascade causing leaking veins and bleeding to not stop.

[drravirams]

Post-Treatment Care for Pilonidal Sinus Surgery

Pilonidal sinus surgery is a common treatment for painful cysts located at the base of the spine. If not treated, these cysts can lead to serious issues like infections or abscesses. After the surgery, it’s crucial to follow proper post-treatment care to promote healing and prevent complications. Did you know that simple steps can make a big difference in your recovery? In this guide, we will discuss essential care tips, potential complications to be aware of, and when to consult a proctologist in Thrissur, Kerala, like Dr. Raviram S. With the right approach, you can ensure a smooth and speedy recovery.

What is Pilonidal Sinus and How is it Treated?

A pilonidal sinus is a small hole or tunnel in the skin, usually near the tailbone, that can become infected and filled with pus. It’s a condition that is more common among young adults and those who sit for long periods, such as drivers or office workers. Symptoms include painful swelling, redness, and drainage of pus or blood.

Treatment usually involves surgery to remove the cyst and prevent further infections. One popular approach is laser treatment for pilonidal sinus, which is minimally invasive and has a quicker recovery time compared to traditional methods.

Why Post-Operative Care Matters?

Proper care after pilonidal sinus surgery speeds up recovery, prevents infections, and reduces pain. Studies show that 95% of patients see better outcomes when following post-surgery guidelines.

Laser Treatment for Pilonidal Sinus: Fast Recovery

Laser surgery is a minimally invasive option with high success rates. At Thrissur Piles Clinic, Dr. Raviram S uses advanced laser techniques to ensure:

30–50 days recovery time (vs. 1–3 months for traditional surgery)

No stitches or large incisions

5% complete healing rate��when combined with phenol treatment

Importance of Post-Operative Care After Pilonidal Sinus Surgery:

Post-operative care is crucial in preventing complications and ensuring the best possible outcome after Pilonidal Sinus Surgery. Proper care reduces the risk of infections, ensures proper wound healing, and prevents the recurrence of the condition.

Post-Surgery Care Checklist:

Wound Care:

Clean the area gently twice daily using antiseptic solutions.

Keep the surgical site dry—pat with a soft towel after showers.

Change dressings regularly to avoid bacterial growth.

Diet & Hydration:

Eat protein-rich foods like eggs, lentils, and paneer to boost healing.

Avoid sugary snacks and processed foods to stabilize blood sugar.

Drink 8–10 glasses of water daily to stay hydrated.

Pain Management:

Use prescribed painkillers as directed (never exceed the dose).

Apply ice packs to reduce swelling.

Use a coccyx cushion while sitting to ease pressure on the tailbone.

Activity & Rest:

Avoid heavy lifting, cycling, or intense workouts for 2–4 weeks.

Practice light yoga poses like Navasana (boat pose)to improve blood flow.

Sleep on your stomach or side to avoid straining the surgical area.

Monitor for Complications:

Although Pilonidal Sinus Surgery is generally safe, it’s important to be aware of any potential complications. Some signs to watch out for include:

Excessive Swelling or Redness around the surgical site

Fever or Chills, which may indicate an infection

Unusual Drainage from the wound site (pus or blood)

Persistent or Severe Pain that doesn’t subside with medication

If you experience any of these symptoms, contact your Pilonidal Sinus Doctor immediately to avoid further complications.

Follow-Up Appointments with Your Proctologist

Schedule Regular Check-ups: After surgery, it’s crucial to attend follow-up appointments with your Pilonidal Sinus Surgeons in Thrissur, Kerala such as Dr. Raviram S at the Thrissur Piles Clinic. These visits allow the doctor to monitor your recovery and address any concerns.

Laser Treatment Benefits: The beauty of Laser Treatment for Pilonidal Sinus is that it generally results in fewer follow-ups compared to traditional surgical methods. However, it’s still important to keep your appointments for optimal healing.

Prevention of Recurrence:

Hygiene: One of the most effective ways to prevent a pilonidal sinus from coming back is to maintain good hygiene. Keep the area clean and dry to avoid bacterial infections.

Avoid Prolonged Sitting: Sitting for long periods can place pressure on the area and cause the cyst to return. Consider taking breaks, using soft cushions, or standing for short periods.

Regular Hair Removal: If excess hair around the tailbone is contributing to the condition, regular hair removal might be recommended. Your Pilonidal Sinus Doctor can guide you on the most effective method.

Conclusion:

Proper post-treatment care after pilonidal sinus surgery is essential for a smooth and effective recovery. By following the guidelines provided by your pilonidal sinus doctor, you can minimize complications and return to your daily routine shortly. If you’re seeking expert care, Dr. Raviram S at the Thrissur Piles Clinic is among the best proctologists in Thrissur, Kerala, offering advanced treatment options tailored to your needs. For further information on post-operative care or to schedule an appointment, reach out to Thrissur Piles Clinic today. With the right support and care, your recovery journey can be both swift and successful.

[ocean9liquor]

How to Decode Wine Labels: Understanding Key Features Before You Buy

Decoding wine labels can seem daunting, but understanding important characteristics simplifies the process. Go with the area of arsenic. It indicates the wine's line and look characteristics—Bordeaux wines, for case, disagree with celery cabbage vale selections. Look for the grape variety (e.g., Cabernet Sauvignon or Chardonnay) to match your preference. The time of origin class reveals the crop class influencing the wine's penchant found along enduring conditions. Please pay attention to the alcohol content, which affects the body and its intensity. Labels also set classifications, such as "reserve" or "grand cru," to denote character tiers. Finally, check for tasting notes or food pairings to ensure the wine complements your meal or occasion.

When dining at a restaurant, a sommelier may help you find the perfect wine, even if you need to learn more about wine yourself. They typically would ask about your taste preferences and recommend a wine that seamlessly pairs with your meal and can complement your likes. However, you would need assistance browsing the shelves or web pages of Beach liquor store, which features endless bottles.

Selecting a good wine is completely subjective. How every person defines a good wine would be unique to them and their taste buds. Whether one likes sweet, tart, delicate, bold, or even spicy flavors, finding a wine you love at a top Wine store on the beach shouldn't be an issue. These are a few vital characteristics that define each variety of wine and can be of huge help as you try to pick up a bottle.

Sweetness: Wine labels often use terms like "sweet," "semi-sweet," or "dry." A dry wine is not sweet at all.

Acidity: Wines that have high acidity shall be tarter; on the other hand, low-acidity wines will taste rounder or richer.

Tannin: Tannins imply phenolic compounds in the skins of grapes. If tannins are naturally present in the winemaking process or added through aging, the wine will taste more bitter. As tannins may dry out your mouth, many people confuse the tannin level with the "dryness" of a wine, which refers to how sweet or not sweet a wine is. The red winemaking process incorporates more tannins, giving certain red wines a distinctively dry and bitter finish.

Body: Wines are often characterized as having a full body, a light body, or being somewhere in between. The body of the wine refers to how light or heavy it feels in the mouth. Red wines tend to have a fuller body than whites, and so do wines made from grapes grown in warmer regions.

Alcohol: The higher the alcohol percentage in the glass of wine, the more it will warm the throat and the back of the mouth. Most wines contain 11 to 13 % alcohol but may range from 5.5% to 20 %.

Every person is likely to have distinctive preferences for each wine characteristic. Hence, before going for liquor delivery in South Beach, it is important to keep the above-mentioned elements in mind.

[bhanotmedspa]

Chemical Peels: What they are and who should consider them.

Chemical Peels: What they are and who should consider them.

A revolutionary dermatological procedure, Chemical Peels Treatment in San Jose, improves the texture and look of the skin. Our specialty at Bhanot Medspa Clinic in San Jose, California, is offering several kinds of chemical peels that are customized to meet the demands of each client's skin. This thorough guide examines the varieties of chemical peels, their advantages, who should use them, and what they are.

What Are Chemical Peels?

In a chemical peel, a specific solution is applied to the skin to exfoliate the surface layers and encourage the growth of healthier skin beneath. This procedure can help with a number of skin issues, such as:

Acne scars

Hyperpigmentation

Fine lines and wrinkles

Sun damage

Uneven skin tone

The result is smoother, more youthful-looking skin that can boost self-confidence.

How Do Chemical Peels Work?

A dermatologist administers a chemical solution made especially for your skin type during a chemical peel treatment. In order for dead skin cells to slough off and show new skin underneath, the solution breaks down the connections that hold them together. Patients may have different degrees of irritation and recovery time depending on the type of peel that is utilized.

Recovery Process

Patients may experience sensitivity and redness in the treated area after treatment. For a few days, it's essential to stay out of the sun and cosmetics to give the skin time to heal. Depending on the depth of the peel, peeling usually starts 48 hours after treatment and lasts for two to five days.

Types of Chemical Peels

There are three primary types of chemical peels, each designed for different skin concerns and conditions:

1. Superficial Peels

Description: Superficial peels use mild acids like alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) or beta-hydroxy acids (BHAs) to exfoliate the outermost layer of skin.

Ideal For:

Fine lines

Mild discoloration

Rough texture

Downtime: Minimal; patients can return to normal activities immediately.

2. Medium Peels

Description: Medium peels use trichloroacetic acid (TCA) to target the epidermis and upper dermis, penetrating deeper into the skin.

Ideal For:

Moderate wrinkles

Sun damage

Age spots

Downtime: Moderate; recovery may take one to two weeks with visible peeling.

3. Deep Peels

Description: Deep peels utilize stronger agents like phenol to penetrate deeply into the dermis for significant results.

Ideal For:

Deep scars

Severe sun damage

Pronounced wrinkles

Downtime: Extensive; recovery can take several weeks, and this type is usually performed only once due to its intensity.

Who Should Consider Chemical Peels?

Many people who want to improve the appearance of their skin can benefit from chemical peels. The following are some signs that a peel might be beneficial for you:

Age and Skin Condition

Chemical peels are an excellent way to repair acne scars and other indications of aging that people over 25 frequently start to notice. To be safe, people with active rosacea or acne should see a dermatologist first.

Skin Type

Chemical peels have varying effects on different skin types. While people with dry or sensitive skin might need softer treatments, those with oily skin might benefit from superficial peels.

Specific Concerns

A chemical peel could be a great way to revitalize your skin if you suffer from sun damage, fine wrinkles, or uneven pigmentation.

Preparing for Your Chemical Peel

Preparation is key for optimal results. Here are some steps you can take before your appointment:

Consultation: To discuss your objectives and choose the best peel for you, make an appointment for a first consultation at Bhanot Medspa Clinic.

Avoid Specific Products: One week before, avoid using exfoliating or retinoid products.

Sun Protection: Every day before your treatment, apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen.

Hydrate Your Skin: In the days leading up to your peel, make sure your skin is properly hydrated.

Aftercare Tips

Following your chemical peel, proper aftercare is essential for healing:

Avoid Sun Exposure: Use sunscreen to protect your healing skin.

For at least a few days, avoid wearing makeup and let your skin breathe.

Moisturize: Apply the mild moisturizers that your dermatologist has suggested.

Observe Instructions: Pay close attention to the aftercare instructions given to you during your visit.

Conclusion

Chemical peels are a great way to renew and rejuvenate your skin, treating everything from signs of age to acne scars. Our skilled dermatologists at Bhanot Medspa Clinic in San Jose, California, will collaborate with you to identify the best course of action for your particular requirements.

For a customized consultation, get in touch with us right now if you're thinking about getting a chemical peel or would like additional details about its advantages. Give us a chance to help you get the glowing skin you deserve!Chemical Peels Treatment in San Jose

[i-should-have-studied]

Zoology Practical Major Experiment

Proteins

Biuret Test: - Principle: This test is based on the reaction between copper ions (Cu2+) and the peptide bonds in proteins. This reaction forms a complex that absorbs light at a specific wavelength. The intensity of the color is directly proportional to the amount of protein in the sample - Procedure: 2ml of sample + 2ml of biuret reagent. The appearance of purple color indicated the presence of peptide bonds. The intensity of the color is proportional to the peptide bonds broken.

Test for NaOH: - Principle: When protein is dissolved in alkali, like NaOH, and heated, NH3 gas is evolved which changes the red litmus into blue and produces white dense fumes by a glass rod dipped in HCl. - Procedure: 5ml of sample+ 5ml of 5% NaOH. Dip a red litmus sheet. Then dip a glass rod into conc. HCl and keep it in the test tube. The litmus changing from red to blue and dense white fumes forming when the rod is in the tube indicates the presence of proteins.

Xanthoproteic Test: - Principle: Xanthoproteic test reaction is due to the nitration of phenol rings present in tyrosine. The aromatic amino acids in a protein solution react with concentrated nitric acid to form a yellow-colored product called xanthoproteic acid Each color and its intensity indicates the specific amino acids. - Procedure: 2ml of sample+ 1ml of conc. HNO3. boil, cool. Change in color to orange indicates the presence of aromatic acid tyrosine.

Sulphur Containing Amino Acids Test: - Principle: When proteins are dissolved in NaOH, the sulphur combines with Na ions and forms sodium sulphide. To this, when lead acetate is added by displacement reaction, lead sulphide is formed. - Procedure: 1ml of sample is taken in a test tube, add 1ml of 40% NaOH to it. Boil the mixture then cool, add a few drops of lead acetate and observe. Formation of brown ppt. indicates the presence of cystine/cysteine.

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Lipids

Solubility test: - Principle: This is a primary step to know the chemical nature of the given sample. Due to hydrophobic nature of lipids, they are insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents. - Procedure: Take the sample in three different test tubes, label them A,B,C. Add different solvents like water, ethanol, and chloroform in each test tube. Shake the test tubes and allow it to stand for one minute. Check the solution for lipid solubility. - (should be soluble in ethanol and cholorform) Positive result indicates solubility in non-polar solvents but not in polar solvents.

Translucent Spot Test: - Principle: This is a prelim test for lipids which id characterized by a translucent and greasy spot. The lipid will not wet the filter paper unlike the water. It will form a greasy spot and penetrate the filter paper. Unlike lipids, the water spot will disappear from the paper. - Method: Take a filter paper. Add one drop of H2O at one end and a drop of oil at the other end. Observe the appearance of the translucent spot on the filter paper. (if a spot, lipid)

Sudan IV Test: - Principle: This test is based on the principle of binding and solubility of lipids in non-polar compounds. As Sudan IV is a non-polar stain, the lipid will bind with it and retain the stain's color by giving a red orange color. Sudan IV does not stain or bind to polar compounds. - Procedure: Take 1ml of sample in a test tube, add 1ml of water. Add a pinch of Sudan IV dye. Observe. (color change, if red on top, oil. if red on bottom, cholesterol.)

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Carbohydrates

Molisch's Test: - Principle: Carbohydrate undergoes dehydration upon the introduction of concentrated H2SO4, resulting in the formation of an aldehyde. This aldehyde undergoes condensation along with two α-naphthol molecules, producing a violet ring.

- Procedure: Take 5ml of sample in a test tube. Add a few drops of Molisch's reagent, mix well. Then add 2ml of conc. H2SO4. and handle the test tube slowly. (don't mix. my bad.) if violet ring appears, carbohydrate.

Iodine Test: - Principle: The iodine test is based on the chemical reaction between iodine and starch, which produces a dark blue color. The iodine molecule fits inside the amylose coil of the starch, creating a complex that produces a deep blue color. - Procedure: Take 2ml of sample in a test tube, add 1 drop of iodine solution. observe (blue = starch)

Benedict's Test: - Principle: When reducing sugars are present in a sample, the cupric ions in Benedict's reagent are reduced to cuprous ions, which then form an orange ppt. - Procedure: Take 2ml of sample in a test tube, add 2ml of Benedicts reagent. Boil. - orange -> reducing sugar

Methylene Blue Test: - Principle: Reducing sugars, which have free aldehyde or ketone groups, can change the color of methylene blue from blue to colorless when heated in an alkaline solution. - Procedure: Take 2ml of water and a drop of methylene blue in a test tube. Add a few drops of 40% NaOH, boil, and cool, Add 2ml of sample to the test tube. - If color disappears and reappears on shaking, reducing sugar present

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Vitamins

Carr-Price Test: - Principle: Carr-price reagent is a CHCl3 solution of antimony trichloride. The amount of blue color produced when vitamin A reacts with antimony trichloride is proportional to the amount of vitamin A present. - Procedure: take 0.5ml of sample in test tube, add 2ml of carr-price reagent. observe - if blue vitamin a present

DCPIP Test: - Principle: ascorbic acid (vitamin C) reacts with dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) to change the color of the DCPIP from blue to colorless. - Procedure: take 2ml of DCPIP reagent in a test tube, add sample drop wise, observe. if blue goes away, vitamin c present.

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Excretory Products:

Test for Ammonia: - Principle: Nessler's reagent test for ammonia is based on the reaction between ammonia and Nessler's reagent. In an alkaline environment, the iodide and mercury ions in Nessler's reagent react with ammonia to form a reddish-brown complex - Procedure: 2ml sample + 1ml Nessler's reagent red-brown ppt, NH3 present wowie

Test for Urea - Principle: Urease enzyme hydrolyses urea to NH3 and CO2 on addition of Nessler's reagent. Reddish brown ppt is formed. - Procedure: 2ml sample + boil + cool + pinch of urease powder + 1ml nessler's reagent if red-brown ppt, urea

Test for Uric Acid: - Principle: Folin's phosphotungstic acid reacts with alkaline uric acid and produces blue color. - Procedure: 1ml sample+1ml saturated Na2CO3+1ml Folin's uric acid reagent. - blue ppt, uric acid.

[tm-media1212]

Get the Best Quality of XLD Agar at tm media

XLD Agar (Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate Agar) is a selective and differential medium used for isolating and identifying enteric pathogens, particularly Salmonella and Shigella species. The medium contains xylose, lysine, and deoxycholate to differentiate organisms based on their ability to ferment sugars and decarboxylate lysine. Phenol red serves as a pH indicator, facilitating the visual distinction of colonies. This agar is essential in clinical and food microbiology for accurate detection and differentiation of gastrointestinal pathogens.

Product link: https://www.tmmedia.in/product/xld-agar-2/ Website link: https://www.tmmedia.in/ Company Name: TM Media Phone: +91-9999-1687-70 Address: 905, 9th Floor, Big joes Tower, Netaji Subhash Place, New Delhi Mail:marketing@titanbiotechltd.com

[casyoo]

Light environment control targets and quality physiology of artificial light vegetable production

Quality and functional substance accumulation levels are one of the important indicators of concern in facility vegetable production. For vegetables, the main nutritional quality indicators include primary metabolites (sugar, protein, minerals, vitamins, cellulose, etc.) and secondary metabolites (anthocyanins, phenolics, flavonoids, lycopene, etc.). These indicators are controlled by light conditions. In other words, they are nutritional quality indicators that can be controlled by light conditions, which have prospects in the applications of LED lighting.

Hu et al.'s (2014) study showed that consuming 200g of fruits (equivalent to two apples) per day can reduce the risk of stroke by 32%; consuming 200g of vegetables per day can reduce the risk of stroke by 11%. The appearance quality and nutritional quality of vegetables are very important.

Zheng Xiaolei et al. (2011) studied the effects of different light qualities (white fluorescent light, red LED, blue LED, red/blue LED) on the growth and edge burning of loose leaf lettuce under plant factory conditions, providing a certain theoretical basis for the high-quality and efficient production of loose leaf lettuce in plant factories.

The results showed that red/blue LED can significantly increase the fresh weight, leaf number and leaf area of loose leaf lettuce, and reduce the nitrate content of loose leaf lettuce, but does not reduce the edge burn index; red LED can promote stem elongation, significantly reduces the burnt edge disease index and nitrate content, but is not conducive to dry matter, vitamin C accumulation and leaf area increase; blue LED inhibits the growth of loose leaf lettuce and increases nitrate content, but can significantly reduce burnt edge disease index. It showed that red LED is beneficial to the growth of loose leaf lettuce in the plant factory and reduces the occurrence of burnt edges.

The plants had longer internodes and thinner stems under red light. Under blue light, the internode is shorter and the stem is thicker, and the elongation and growth are inhibited to some extent (Jao and Fang, 2003). 

Blue LED significantly inhibits the growth of loose leaf lettuce stems. Red light promotes stem elongation (Li and Kubota, 2009); while under blue LED, the stem length was 16% shorter than the control, indicating that blue light inhibited stem elongation. and the results were consistent with those of previous studies.

Blue light increased the activity of indoleacetic acid oxidase, decreased the level of auxin, and inhibited plant growth. Red and blue LED light can increase the vitamin C content of loose leaf lettuce compared with fluorescent light, and red LED can significantly reduce the vitamin C content of loose leaf lettuce. Chen Qiang et al. (2009) found the same result on tomatoes.

The effect of light quality on vitamin C content was related to the activity of its synthesis and decomposition enzyme activity. Galactolactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH) directly catalyzed the synthesis of vitamin C from galactolactone. Ascorbate oxidase and ascorbate peroxidase (AAP) are key enzymes in the oxidation of vitamin C in plants (An Huaming et al., 2005), and these three enzymes are sensitive to light. The mechanism of the different responses of the above three enzymes to different light properties needs to be further studied.

Vitamin C is an important nutrient component and an important index to evaluate the quality of loose leaf lettuce. Leafy vegetables are very easy to enrich nitrate, which is converted into nitrite during use, which is harmful to human health. Red LED can reduce the nitrate content of loose leaf lettuce, while blue LED can increase the nitrate content of loose leaf lettuce (Zheng Xiaolei et al., 2011; Deng Jiangming et al., 2000).

Blue LEDs increase nitrate content mainly because the process of absorbing nitrate nitrogen requires energy consumption, and blue light is likely to promote nitrate nitrogen absorption by stimulating ATP formation. The cogroups of nitrate reductase (NR) are flavin adenine dinucleotide and purine, and the chromophore of blue light receptor contains flavin and purine, so blue light is likely to directly stimulate NR, so that nitrate in loose leaf lettuce leaves can be reduced quickly, thus promoting the absorption and accumulation of nitrate.

The anthocyanin synthesis and accumulation of red leaf lettuce will decrease under the facility cultivation condition. Studies have shown that supplementing blue light and UV-B light at night can significantly improve anthocyanin synthesis. Shoji et al. (2010) studied the effect of increasing blue light intensity in red-blue composite light on anthocyanin synthesis. The accumulation of anthocyanins is the largest under blue light of 100umol/m2·s, the smallest under red light, and the red and blue composite light was in the middle. That is to say, the ratio of red to blue is very important in the synthesis of anthocyanins in red leaf lettuce.

[tmmedia17]

Get the Best Quality of XLD Agar Composition (TM 492) at TM Media

If you are looking for Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) agar (TM 492) manufactured by TM Medium, a distinctive culture medium, boasts a specialized blend of ingredients carefully selected to facilitate the isolation and differentiation of enteric pathogens. Featuring xylose and lactose as fermentable carbohydrates, lysine and thiosulfate as vital sulfur sources, and deoxycholate acting as a potent selective agent against gram-positive organisms, xld agar composition stands out for its precision. Incorporated phenol red serves as a pH indicator, transitioning the medium to a discernible yellow hue upon acidification from carbohydrate fermentation. Additionally, the inclusion of ferric ammonium citrate and sodium thiosulfate facilitates hydrogen sulfide production, distinguished by the formation of characteristic black colonies.

Visit the Website - https://www.tmmedia.in/

[medchemexpressinhibitor-blog]

Exploring the Benefits of Basement Membrane Matrix HC (Phenol Red) in Cell Culture

Introduction

In the realm of cell culture techniques, researchers are constantly seeking improved tools and materials to mimic the physiological environment for better experimental outcomes. One such innovation is the Basement Membrane Matrix HC (Phenol Red), a cutting-edge product that offers numerous advantages for cell culture applications. This article will delve into the features, benefits, and potential applications of Basement Membrane Matrix HC (Phenol Red) to shed light on its significance in modern cell research.

Understanding Basement Membrane Matrix HC (Phenol Red)

Basement Membrane Matrix HC (Phenol Red) refers to a specialized extracellular matrix derived from natural sources like Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) mouse sarcoma cells. It provides a biologically relevant scaffold that mimics the physiological conditions found in vivo. The addition of phenol red, a pH indicator, enables real-time monitoring of pH changes in cell culture, ensuring optimal conditions for cellular growth and functionality.

Advantages and Features

Biocompatibility: Basement Membrane Matrix HC (Phenol Red) possesses exceptional biocompatibility, allowing it to support the growth, proliferation, and differentiation of various cell types.

Structural Support: With its natural composition resembling the extracellular matrix, this matrix offers structural support to cells, facilitating their organization and development.

Cell Signaling: Basement Membrane Matrix HC (Phenol Red) contains essential proteins and growth factors that can actively influence cell behavior, promoting cell survival and enhancing cell-to-cell communication.

Versatility: This matrix supports a wide range of applications, including 3D cell culture, organoid culture, stem cell research, tissue engineering, and drug discovery, making it a valuable tool for diverse scientific investigations.

Ease of Use: Basement Membrane Matrix HC (Phenol Red)is available as a ready-to-use gel or solution, eliminating the need for complex preparation procedures and allowing researchers to save time and resources.

Applications in Cell Culture Research

Cancer Research: The use of Basement Membrane Matrix HC (Phenol Red) has facilitated the development of more accurate cancer cell models, enabling researchers to study tumor biology, metastasis, and drug responses in a physiologically relevant microenvironment.

Stem Cell Differentiation: Stem cells require a supportive niche for their differentiation into specific cell lineages. This matrix provides an ideal platform for inducing stem cell differentiation and studying tissue-specific functions and regenerative medicine.

Drug Screening and Toxicology: By culturing cells on Basement Membrane Matrix HC (Phenol Red), researchers can assess drug efficacy, toxicity, and metabolism accurately. This allows for the development of safer and more effective pharmaceutical interventions.

Tissue Engineering: The combination of Basement Membrane Matrix HC (Phenol Red) with appropriate scaffolds has opened new avenues for tissue engineering. It promotes cell adhesion, migration, and tissue formation, contributing to the development of functional 3D tissues and organs.

Neuroscience Studies: Basement Membrane Matrix HC (Phenol Red) has been successfully implemented in neurobiology research, offering a suitable microenvironment for studying neuron-astrocyte interactions, synaptic plasticity, and other aspects of brain function.

Conclusion

Basement Membrane Matrix HC (Phenol Red) represents a significant breakthrough in the field of cell culture research. Its biocompatibility, structural support, and ability to mimic the physiological conditions make it an invaluable tool for various applications. Researchers across numerous disciplines are increasingly relying on this matrix to advance their studies and gain deeper insights into cellular behavior. As the demand for more accurate cell models continues to grow, Basement Membrane Matrix HC (Phenol Red) is poised to play a pivotal role in shaping future advancements in cell culture research. Please visit MedChemExpress

[tmmediaindia]

Understand the Spiderman of the Microverse: XLD Agar

Learning XLD’s X, Y, and Z can be challenging, but not with us. In the previous article, we discussed the various needs and applications of XLD (click on the link if you haven’t read it). In this, we’ll talk more about its composition, principle, observations, and modifications.

What is the composition of XLD Agar?

It was developed by Welton Taylor in 1965. XLD stands for Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate Agar and is a bright pink or red-colored solid opalescent gel medium. Knowing its key contents will help you better understand its principles and differentiating abilities.

Ingredients g/l

Yeast Extract 3 g

L-lysine 5 g

Xylose 3.75 g

Lactose 7.5 g

Sucrose 7.5 g

Sodium Deoxycholate 1 g

Sodium Chloride 5 g

Sodium Thiosulfate 6.8 g

Ferric Ammonium Citrate 0.8 g

Phenol red 0.08 g

Agar 12.5 g

Distilled water 1 Litre

Yeast extract provides the medium with nutrients, vitamins, peptides, and other essential growth factors. Xylose, lactose, and sucrose are rich sources of fermentable carbohydrates. For the detection of fermentation of these carbs in the medium, a pH indicator, phenol red, is added. The addition of xylose to the medium accounts for the differentiation of various fermenting enteric bacteria from species of Shigella that do not ferment it. Most enteric pathogens, including Salmonella,can ferment xylose, which results in the formation of acidic byproducts and a change in the color of the medium from pink to yellow, whereas Shigella colonies remain red. In some cases, Salmonella imitates Shigella colonies and gives red colonies, which are then differentiated by the production of Hydrogen sulfide gas by the metabolism of thiosulfate and give black centers. Enterobacteria such as E. coli can ferment lactose in the medium.

XLD Agar’s composition can be adjusted according to one’s needs and choices and is hence available in many different variations, but the basic principle remains the same.

Observation and Inferences on XLD Agar:

Observation Inferences

Red colonies, some with black centers Salmonella spp.

Red colonies Shigella spp.

Yellow to orange colonies Coliforms

Pink, flat, and rough colonies Pseudomonas aeruginosa

While learning about XLD Agar, a question that must have run through your thoughts would’ve been, “Where is XLD Agar available?” Let’s look into it.

Where is XLD Agar available?

XLD Agar is available on the market as Dehydrated Culture Media in a number of variations according to one’s requirements, including plant-based and animal-based options.

These Dehydrated Culture Media can be dissolved in distilled water according to the concentration mentioned on the package, autoclaved, poured, and used.

TM Media, the microbiology division of Titan Biotech Ltd., offers a wide range of XLD Agar as Dehydrated Culture Media in a number of variations suitable for all your needs, operations, and specific requirements.

The product range includes the following:

XLD AGAR MODIFIED (as per ISO) TM 1621: XLD Agar, modified, is a selective and differential medium for the isolation of gram-negative enteric pathogens from clinical specimens or food products. It is a modification of the original formulation of Taylor that allows selective isolation of Salmonella typhi, E. coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium, and Shigella flexneri. It is recommended by the ISO committee, and the composition and performance criteria of this medium are as per the specifications laid down in ISO 6579-1:2017.

XLD AGAR (VEG.) TMV 492: Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate Agar (Veg) is prepared by replacing Sodium Deoxycholate with synthetic detergent No.III, which makes the medium free of BSE/TSE risks. Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate Agar (Veg) is suitable for the isolation and identification of enteric pathogens from stool samples.

XLD AGAR (as per USP/EP/JP/BP) TMH 112: This medium is employed for pharmaceutical testing and non-sterile product testing for the detection of Salmonella after enrichment in Rappaport VassialidiasSalmonella Enrichment Broth in accordance with the harmonized method of USP/EP/BP/JP/IP.

XLD AGAR TM 1448: It is used for pharmaceutical testing and nonsterile product testing for the detection (or absence) of Salmonella after enrichment in Rappaport Vassialidias Salmonella Enrichment Broth in accordance with IP.

XLD AGAR TM 492: XLD Agar exhibits increased selectivity and sensitivity as compared to other plating media, e.g., SS Agar, EMB Agar, and Bismuth Sulphite Agar. The media formulation does not allow the overgrowth of other organisms over Salmonella and Shigella. Samples suspected of containing enteric pathogens, along with other mixed flora, are initially enriched in Modified Semisolid RV Medium Base.

Why choose TM Media’s XLD Agar?

TM Media’s superior-quality and diverse Microbiological Culture Media are certified by ISO, CE, GMP, FSSAI, and FSSC.

TM Media provides unrivaled convenience, dependability, and efficacy, as well as versatility and flexibility, by manufacturing a contamination-free medium with a longer shelf life and reproducible outcomes.

Conclusion:

XLD Agar is a selective and differential agar medium primarily used for the isolation and differentiation of different enteropathogenic organisms that are well-known to cause diseases like Food poisoning, Gastroenteritis, and other Digestive illnesses.

By choosing TM Media, consumers invest in precision, quality, and excellence. TM Media's product portfolio includes over 2000 Dehydrated Culture Media, along with Ready-to-Use Culture Media, Biological Media Bases, Media Supplements, Lab Chemicals, and many more.

[malaivelherbalproducts]

Pomegranate Peel Powder benefits

Pomegranate peels have always been used as folk medicines, owing to their numerous beneficial compounds. Malaivel herbals offer you 100% Natural Pomegranate peel powder with no added substances and chemicals. It is also worth noting that complex bioactive compounds in pomegranate peel often exist in the form of a mixture, so the synergistic effect of different compounds can produce a variety of physiological activities. The extraction yield, antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS inhibition) and total phenolic contents were evaluated. Malaivel Pomegranate Peel Powder can be consumed as tea also, which help ease stomach upsets, hot flashes, haemorrhoids, conjunctivitis and several other ailments. Pomegranate peels are typically discarded and thought of as inedible, but they’re used regularly for various health and beauty benefits in Ayurvedic medicine, an alternative practice with roots in Indian culture. Lets Grab the brand new Malaivel Herbal Pomegranate Powder to experience numerous health benefits and healthy Glow of skin !     

Product description :      

Introduction :      

The pomegranate peel is considered as an agro-waste but it can be a potential source of antioxidants, phenols and also possesses antibacterial and antifungal activity. Malaivel herbals offer you 100% Natural Pomegranate peel powder with no added substances and chemicals. The peels of pomegranate fruits are the major by-products produced during food processing of pomegranate enriched in antioxidants and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents and can prevent food deterioration.     

Ingredients :     

Sun-dried Pomegranate skin or Punica granatum (Botanical name of Pomegranate).     

Appearance :     

Malaivel Herbal Pomegranate Peel powder looks like pale red or yellow in color.     

Benefits of Malaivel Pomegranate Peel Powder:      

* It will boosts skin cell regeneration.      

* Malaivel Herbal Pomegranate Peel Powder is loaded with vitamin C, which helps to neutralize free radicals and repair damaged skin cells.     

* It Hydrates skin and give a fresh look.     

* It helps to reduce the signs of premature ageing.     

* It helps to treat skin infections and heal     

* This Natural Peel Powder helps to shrink pores.     

How to use it:     

* Take 1 tablespoon of Malaivel pomegranate peel Powder, make a paste of this powder with lemon juice or rose water and apply it all over your face, especially on your pimples or acne.      

* Leave it off on the face, neck and hands. Let it dry and wash it off after 20 - 30 mins.      

Highlights:     

Malaivel Pomegranate peel Powder can be steeped in hot water and consumed as tea also. It has numerous health benefits for the body.     

Fine prints:     

Some studies and researches indicated pomegranate peel extract induces weight loss in mice, due to its effect on reducing serum TG and plasma glucose concentration. Malaivel Herbal Pomegranate Powder is very safe to consume as it is 100% natural.      

Conclusion :     

Malaivel Pomegranate Peel Powder is a good source of bioactive compounds, including phenolic acids, flavonoids and hydrolyzable tannins, which have beneficial health effects. Pomegranate peel powder will reduce the gastric ulcer area and ulcer index, gastric juice volume, and acidity. Pomegranate powder recovers gastric mucus content and gastric tissue at the histological level also.     

[luoyangfudaubiotech]

Internal influencing factors when cultivating cells in cell factories

When we use cell factories to culture cells, the growth status of the cells is affected by various factors. These factors may seem inconspicuous, but if not paid attention to, they will cause heavy damage to the cells. So, how do small details when using cell factories affect cell growth, and how can we avoid pitfalls when using cell factories to culture cells?

1. Degree of contact between cells

Normal cells (diploids) have attachment contact inhibition, and cell growth stops after overgrowth. However, abnormal cells such as tumor cells have weak contact inhibition and can grow to higher cell densities, but some cells overgrow. The damage is difficult to reverse, so it is not recommended to have too high a cell density when culturing cells.

Important points: Generally, cells cultured in a cell factory can be passaged when the cell confluence reaches 70-80%. Do not overgrow the cells.

Cell Factory Systems

2. Cell growth attachments

Adherent cells will adhere to the wall under normal circumstances, but some cells themselves do not adhere firmly or have poor adhesion. At this time, coating attachments can promote cell adhesion. Therefore, when cultivating some special cells, the cell factory needs to be coated. Used after. Commonly used matrices include polylysine (D type, L type), gelatin, collagen, and extracellular matrix mixture, which can be selected according to needs during culture.

Key point: When the cell adhesion in the cell factory is poor, the matrix can be used to coat the cell factory.

3. pH value of culture medium

Most cell lines grow best when cultured in cell factories at around pH 7.4, and the indicator of conventional media is phenol red, so in most cases, the media we see are red, but different media There will be differences in color, for example DMEM is a little darker than 1640. When cultivating cells, you can also judge the cell status based on the color of the culture medium in the cell factory. For example, as the cells grow, the color of the culture medium will become lighter and yellower.

Key points: Pay attention to the color change of the culture medium when culturing cells, and deal with any abnormalities in a timely manner.

[genesissupplies]

Keep Your Pet Safe The Ultimate Guide to Pet-Friendly Cleaning Products

Luckily, plenty of pet-friendly cleaning products are available today that can be used safely around your furry friend. To help you out, we’ve compiled this ultimate guide to selecting pet-safe cleaning items that won't cause any harm to your pet.

What are the most dangerous chemicals for dogs and cats?

There are a few key ingredients, such as chlorine bleach, ammonia and “phenols” (in some glass cleaners), that can be hazardous for your pet. Although these products may boast of being natural or organic, they still contain dangerous elements when ingested by pets. Some everyday household items like laundry detergent, fabric softener, oven cleaner and toilet bowl cleansers should also be avoided to ensure the health and safety of your pet.

What are safe cleaning products for pets?

These products are made with natural and non-toxic ingredients that are safe for your pets’ health. They are usually labelled as pet safe or animal-friendly, and you can also check for an EPA Safer Choice label, which indicates all ingredients have been reviewed for safety so that they won't cause harm to your pets.

What are some natural cleaners I can use at home?

To make your own pet-safe cleaning products, you can use common household items like baking soda, vinegar and lemon juice. These ingredients are non-toxic and provide a natural disinfectant that still effectively kills germs while being gentle on your pet’s sensitive skin. You can also opt for all-natural cleaning solutions such as castile soap and essential oils, which are safe to use around pets but should always be used in small amounts and diluted with water.

How Do I know if my dog is allergic to cleaning products?

Generally, pets can develop contact allergies with certain ingredients such as fragrances, dyes, and preservatives used in cleaning products. Signs of an allergic reaction include itching, redness, inflamed skin, hives, and excessive scratching. If you suspect your pet has an allergic reaction, avoid the product that caused it, and take your pet to the vet for a checkup. If your pet is having very mild reactions you could discontinue the use of the product and monitor them at home too.

What to do if your dog eats cleaning products?

It is not uncommon for pets to accidentally ingest cleaning products. If you suspect that your pet accidentally ingested something toxic, it is essential to seek veterinary assistance right away. Some common symptoms of ingestion include drooling, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, and seizures. Try to note the name of the product ingested and any other relevant information that can help the vet identify what has happened to your pet. We would not suggest waiting to see if the symptoms pass as this could lead to severe health complications for your pet.

Where can I find a pet-friendly floor cleaner?

Another thing to consider is that pets often spend a lot of time on the floor, so investing in pet-safe floor cleaners is a must. These pet-friendly floor cleaners are designed to disinfect floors without the use of harsh chemicals, and they are safe for pets to walk across. Plus, using a pet-safe floor cleaner means you won’t have to worry about your pet accidentally licking it off their paws! To obtain safe cleaners, check out pet stores nearby or purchase them from reputable online vendors. Carefully examine the labels to avoid purchasing products that contain toxic chemicals like ammonia, chlorine, bleach, and formaldehyde. Properly identifying harmful ingredients will help safeguard your pet's well-being.

What happens if my pet licks a cleaning product?

As previously stated, please contact your vet immediately if you suspect your pet has been poisoned by household cleaners. Symptoms can vary from mild to severe and may include diarrhea, excessive salivation, abdominal pain, and vomiting. Some poisons act quickly, so prompt veterinary attention is crucial for the best possible outcome.

In essence, our pets hold great significance in our households. As cherished members of our families, it is our responsibility to keep them secure and healthy. Without our beloved furry friends, life would not be the same. Therefore, picking cleaning items that are not harmful to pets is crucial and we must steer clear of toxic alternatives. It's important only to use pet-friendly cleaning products to ensure the safety of our furry companions. If your pet ingests a toxic substance, seek professional help and be on the lookout for signs of allergic reactions. Luckily, many excellent cleaning products are safe for pets, allowing us to keep them clean, healthy, and happy while managing our busy homes.

Genesis Supplies is the perfect destination for top-quality cleaning supplies that are pet-friendly and environmentally friendly. We are a well-known brand in North America and have partnered with several green cleaning product organizations in the US and Canada. Our wide selection of cleaning supplies caters to all your cleaning needs, be it for a restaurant, hotel, or office. So, if you are looking for sustainable cleaning supplies, visit us now and experience the best!

[i-should-have-studied]

Chem Practical-Functional Group Analysis

Phenol (solid)

Aim: To identify the functional group in the given organic compound

Preliminary Report:

State: Solid

Color: Fleshy

Odor: Phenolic

---

Ignition Test: (sooty flame - aromatic)

---

Melting Point: 122°C

---

Solubility Test: (-+-+- = A2)

---

Identification Tests:

---

Confirmatory Tests:

---

Preparation of derivative: (Azo-dye)

Azo-dye derivative:

In the test tube (1), take a small quantity of aniline in dil.HCl and then add a little excess dil.HCl.

In the test tube (2), prepare a saturated solution of NaNO2 in water.

In the test tube (3), make a solution of a given compound in NaOH.

Add NaNO2 solution to anilinium hydrochoride while cooling in an ice-bath and stirring with a glass rod. (TT2->TT1)

Once it is chilled well, aniline has been diazotized.

To this add drop wise solution of phenol in NaOH from test tube (3) while stirring till orange-red precipitate is formed. (TT3...>TT2+1)

This is filtered and submitted as a derivative, orange-red ppt indicated the presence of a phenolic group.

---

Result: The given compound is an aromatic phenol and belongs to class 'A2'.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Amine (liquid)

Aim: To identify the functional group in the given organic compound

---

Preliminary Report:

State: liquid

Color: brown

Odor: fishy odor

---

Ignition Test: (sooty flame - aromatic)

Boiling Point: 181°C

---

Solubility Test: (-++-- = B)

---

Identification Tests:

---

Confirmatory Test:

---

Preparation of derivative:

Azo-dye derivative:

Take 3 test tubes.

In the test tube (1), dissolve a few drops (or a small amount) of a given compound in a dilute HCl solution.

In test tube (2), dissolve a small amount of NaNO2 in water.

In test tube (3), dissolve β-Naphthol in NaOH.

Cool all the test tubes in an ice bath for 5-10 minutes.

Now add the contests of test tube (1) to the solution of test tube (2) (TT1->TT2)

Add the resulting mixture to the contests of test tube (3) in the cold condition (TT1+2->TT3)

A bright red colored precipitate is formed, which is filtered and submitted.

---

Result: The given compound is an aromatic amine and belongs to class 'B'.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Amine (solid)

Aim: To identify the functional group in the given organic compound

---

Preliminary Report:

State: solid

Color: brown

Odor: pungent

---

Ignition Test: (sooty flame - aromatic)

---

Melting Point: 45°C

---

Solubility Test: (-++-- = B)

---

Identification Tests:

---

Confirmatory Test:

---

Preparation of derivative:

Azo-dye derivative:

Take 3 test tubes.

In the test tube (1), dissolve a few drops (or a small amount) of a given compound in a dilute HCl solution.

In test tube (2), dissolve a small amount of NaNO2 in water.

In test tube (3), dissolve β-Naphthol in NaOH.

Cool all the test tubes in an ice bath for 5-10 minutes.

Now add the contests of test tube (1) to the solution of test tube (2) (TT1->TT2)

Add the resulting mixture to the contests of test tube (3) in the cold condition (TT1+2->TT3)

A bright red colored precipitate is formed, which is filtered and submitted.

---

Result: The given compound is an aromatic amine and belongs to class 'B'.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Aldehyde

Aim: To identify the functional group in the given organic compound

---

Preliminary Report:

State: liquid

Color: colorless

Odor: bitter almond

---

Ignition Test: (sooty flame - aromatic)

---

Boiling Point: 180°C

---

Solubility Test: (-+--- = N)

---

Identification Tests:

---

Confirmatory Tests:

---

Preparation of derivative: (2,4-dnp)

2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazone derivative

The given organic compound is dissolved in methanol and treated with 2,4-DNP (2,4-Dinitrophenyl hydrazine).

Warm in a water bath for 2 minutes (if required).

Orange-red ppt of hydrazone is formed which is filtered and submitted as a derivative.

---

Result: The given compound is an aromatic aldehyde and belongs to class 'N'.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Ketone

Aim: To identify the functional group in the given organic compound

---

Preliminary Report:

State: liquid

Color: colorless

Odor: unpleasant odor

---

Ignition Test: (sooty flame - aromatic)

---

Boiling Point: 200°C

---

Solubility Test: (-+--- = N)

---

Identification Tests:

---

Confirmatory Tests:

---

Preparation of derivative: (2,4-dnp)

2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazone derivative

The given organic compound is dissolved in methanol and treated with 2,4-DNP (2,4-Dinitrophenyl hydrazine).

Warm in a water bath for 2 minutes (if required).

Orange-red ppt of hydrazone is formed which is filtered and submitted as a derivative.

---

Result: The given compound is an aromatic ketone and belongs to class 'N'.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Carbohydrate

Aim: To identify the functional group in the given organic compound

---

Preliminary Report:

State: solid

Color: colorless

Odor: odorless

---

Ignition Test: (non-sooty flame - alliphatic)

---

Melting Point: 145°C

---

Solubility Test: (+-+++ = S2)

---

Identification Tests:

---

Confirmatory Tests:

---

Preparation of derivative: (pain)

Osazone derivative:

Take two parts by weight of phenyl hydrazine hydrochloride and 3 parts by weight of sodium acetate and add this mixture to a small amount of the compound dissolved in water.

Shake well and heat it in the water bath for 5-10 minutes.

Yellow needle shaped crystals of osazone separates out.

---

Result: The given compound is an aliphatic carbohydrate and belongs to class 'S2'.