#python is a very nice language in my 1 very pretty and easy to make pretty code. kinda like html.
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itsseriouslyridiculous · 1 year ago
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summary: python is good because it is fast. it also lets you do what you want. The downside is that many programmers will make code that is a nightmare to deal with.
so while the reason for the bad code is unique bad code is not only found in python coding. there are people out there writing uncommented cryptic code in every programming language. probably.
Seeing a lot of python hate on the dash today... fight me guys. I love python. I am a smoothbrained python enjoyer and I will not apologize for it
Python has multiple noteworthy virtues, but the most important one is that you can accomplish stuff extremely fast in it if you know what you are doing.
This property is invaluable when you're doing anything that resembles science, because
Most of the things you do are just not gonna work out, and you don't want to waste any time "designing" them "correctly." You can always go back later and give that kind of treatment to the rare idea that actually deserves it.
Many of your problems will be downstream from the limitations in how well you can "see" things (high-dimensional datasets, etc.) that humans aren't naturally equipped to engage with. You will be asking lots and lots of weirdly shaped, one-off questions, all the time, and the faster they get answered the better. Ideally you should be able to get into a flow state where you barely remember that you're technically "coding" on a "computer" -- you feel like you're just looking at something, from an angle of your choice, and then another.
You will not completely understand the domain/problem you're working on, at the outset. Any model you express of it, in code, will be a snapshot of a bad, incomplete mental model you'll eventually grow to hate, unless you're able to (cheaply) discard it and move on. These things should be fast to write, fast to modify, and not overburdened by doctrinaire formal baggage or a scale-insensitive need to chase down tiny performance gains. You can afford to wait 5 seconds occasionally if it'll save you hours or days every time your mental map of reality shifts.
The flipside of this is that it is also extremely (and infamously) easy to be a bad python programmer.
In python doing the obvious thing usually just works, which means you can get away with not knowing why it works and usually make it through OK. Yes, this is cringe or whatever, fine. But by the same token, if you do know what the right thing to do is, that thing is probably very concise and pretty-looking and transparent, because someone explicitly thought to design things that way. What helps (or enables) script kiddies can also be valuable to power users; it's not like there's some fundamental reason the interests of these two groups cannot ever align.
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notquiteapex · 4 years ago
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VodBot, the bestest little helper I ever did make.
Part 1 of... a number of posts! Everyone say hi and be nice to VodBot on GitHub.
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January of 2020 rolls around, everyone’s excited for the new year of perfect eyesight. And then, the funniest thing happened…
Because of the world’s state of affairs leading into March 2020 I decided I should get some new hobbies. I bought my first 3D printer, an Ender 3 Pro, on eBay for just under $200 and it’s been weirdly enough one of my better financial decisions. I also began streaming on Twitch.tv in earnest around this time, and I had a goal to reach Affiliate status in just a few months (Twitch Affiliates are able to earn money from their streams through ads, bits, subscriptions, etc). In less than a month, through asking my friends to advertise my stream and constantly trying to put myself out there (probably breaking some community rules in the process, oops) I became an Affiliate and streaming sort of became a part-time-job-hobby! It was a lot of fun, and I’ve been streaming pretty regularly ever since.
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Around October of 2020, I realized I kind of wanted to archive my streams somewhere for safe keeping. The best place to store lots of video data for literally no cost? YouTube of course! You can check out our existing archive channel which also links to all our Twitch pages here! I got to work, once a week I went to Twitch’s video manager page and had it queue up a download of my latest stream for me. I would slice it into different parts based on the games I played, which I had to get timestamps for manually. As you can imagine, this is pretty time consuming and boring. Not only that, but my friends also began streaming and some became affiliates around the same time, and getting them to do this task too wasn’t gonna be easy. So how do I make this task easier? Well, for starters, snakes. Let’s tangent!
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Python is a wonderful programming language, it’s often one of the first languages that absolute beginners use because it’s grammar and functions are super easy to understand and use. It doesn’t have any sort of compile time, and is dynamically typed, meaning you don’t need to worry about waiting for anything. It also has thousands of pre-made libraries to make whatever task you’re trying to do so much easier. Lastly, Python also has the ability to send commands to other programs on the same machine, with relative ease.
VodBot’s first version was rather simple, it was made with Python. Use existing Python libraries to send some data to some URLs hosted by Twitch.tv to get info on previous streams (called Video-On-Demand, or VODs for short) and clips (slices of video made by viewers of fun moments on streams). It would do this through the Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interface, or REST API for short. Then, do some basic combing of this data to make sure that these videos weren’t already on the host system, and then pass the URLs for these streams to other programs like youtube-dl or streamlink to download the videos to the host system. Oh, also make a small file containing relevant metadata for the stream such as the title, the game, when it was streamed, etc. VodBot “shelled-out” these commands quickly to the other programs and let them do all the heavy lifting, which was just fine. I still had to slice up the video’s by hand, but it wasn’t too bad now that I could pull the videos down faster and leave this little script running in the background while I worked on schoolwork. Heck, I even learned that the program that youtube-dl and streamlink shelled-out to itself was the very capable ffmpeg, which I began to use to slice my videos much quicker without the overhead of a full video editor program.
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Of course, this got old pretty quick too. Why can’t I automate this any further? What prevented me from simply queuing up these long videos and sending the relevant slices up to YouTube directly for me? Well, it turns out, not a lot! I'll talk about this more in the next part...
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vntcniv · 6 years ago
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                                               {    H S H Q T A S K 0 2 1    }
1. COLD HARD FACTS
population: 54,8M area:  130,279 km2  / 50,301 sq mi  offical language: english currency: pound sterling ( GBP / £ )
2. SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS
This is what everything boils down to. Doesn’t matter what kind of a person you make out of yourself, you are what you were born as. Usually, if a person isn’t hellbent on rising through ranks, they are proud to be what they are. If you come from a slightly poorer family? Oh you won’t hide the accent, you like footie --- the posh kids can have their rugby, Sainsbury’s all good, Poundland too. Rich and happy? Horses, rugby, sailing... that good received pronunciation aka “english accent”. Middle-class will divide between the two extremes, middle-class people also are more concerned about their image than the two other groups. Perhaps it’s the notion that perhaps, just perhaps, if they are lucky they could become something better, nicer. But like I mentioned before, you are what you were born as, the harsh truth remains. Self-made men, nouveau riche... they are try-hards, or they don’t know their place. Depends on whom you ask. The English tend to categorize people and then decide how to treat them. Where is their accent from? Which part of the town/county are they from? What school did they go/do their children go? The more facts you know about a person, the better guess you can make about their family. England is obsessed with its socioeconomic hierarchy.
3. VOCABULARY
Oh the confusion! Tea doesn’t always refer to the drink. Tea can also mean supper, lunch, in some cases even some snack. Pants mean underwear, trousers is a more appropriate word. Chips = french fries; crisps = potato chips. Trainers = sneakers, rubber = eraser. There’s of course more words that are mainly used in Britain but listing them all would be unnecessary. 
4. EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
First of all, to simplify it, there are two types of schools: state-funded & private. State-funded schools are free of charge. Private schools, for day students, cost around 10K per annum, and for boarders 20K. Getting into a private school isn’t just about the money. The schools handpick their students and you may need to “prove your worth” to get in. So having connections helps a lot. The connection doesn’t even need to have anything to do with the school board --- if you know someone with a nice name or even better, someone with a title, and you get them to write a letter on your behalf, your chances of getting accepted are once again higher than some random chap’s. Most famous private school ( more specifically, public school ) is Eton. Alumni include William & Harry. Eton has produced a good number of prime ministers. It’s an all-boys school.
You know... the houses in Hogwarts, it’s not a made up concept. In more traditional schools, in majority of boarding schools, the students belong to houses. The houses are sometimes named after a founder or a person who has supported the school in some manner ( £££ ). 
Kids start school around the time they turn five. Some go to nursery before that. Primary school is the years 1-6. Nothing that important happens through years 1-11. At the end of year 11, students take GCSEs. There’s a lot of subjects to choose from, but it really depends on what subjects your school even offers. The GCSE grades are important and cause a lot of stress for students. After GCSEs students start college / sixth form that lasts for two years. At the end of college / sixth form, are the A-levels. A-levels are the hardcore version of GCSEs. Once you finish college / sixth form, you go to uni. There’s more terminology and it’s possible to get very specific but that would be a waste of time.
5. DRINKING
Legal drinking age is 18. You can usually enter most pubs even when you aren’t of age; they are just places to hang out at. Some places are stricter than others. If you’re with an adult, you’ll get in. After 16 it’s legal to have mild alcoholic drinks with dinner if you’re accompanied by an adult. Most parents aren’t that chill though. You can’t buy alcohol from stores after 11pm. Most pubs / clubs have to stop serving around 3-4am. Most places close around that time for that reason.
6. FOOD & DRINKS
Yes, fish and chips is a thing and so is tea, but they aren’t all people eat and drink. Being a tea person is playing into a stereotype, which some people do happily. There are people who have a cuppa every two hours. The palate is pretty bland. Steamed vegetables, fish or meat, and maybe some gravy to go with it. Every day food isn’t special. Beans on toast is an acquired taste. 
Beer is pretty popular and main reason for it is pub culture. Beer is cheap and there’s plenty to choose from, and when you spend a lot of time at pubs you kind of learn to appreciate those facts. 
Fast food? America has more chains, that’s for sure. You can find the most popular ones in the UK. Chains such as McDonald’s, Subway, Burger King, Taco Bell & KFC. But you won’t find Denny’s, Wendy’s or Applebee’s in the UK. Five Guys is the most popular one according to a survey ( and I am not surprised ;)  )
7. TV
What’s on the telly? Most people are familiar with BBC hit shows such as Doctor Who, Sherlock and... I don’t know what’s good, you get my point. That stuff is easy to like, it’s so universal. But then there’s that famous British humour. Monty Python is pretty famous, most people find it funny. But then there are other cult classics like Fawlty Towers and Blackadder. They are old but they are gold ( perhaps not my personal opinion but that’s beside the point ). You can never forget shows like EastEnders and Emmerdale. They just keep producing the shows, it’s crazy. They are the Brits’ The Bold and the Beautiful. 
8. LONDON
London is, well, huge. The underground zones go up to 9, though zones 7-9 aren’t that relevant. Most people use this thing called an Oyster card to move around the city, it’s basically just a London version of MetroCard or whatever you have in your city. The city center of London isn’t that big though, you can see the main attractions in a day --- and you can walk! But the minute you venture away from zones 1 and 2, you realize just how big it is. The area of London is roughly two times NYC’s. Locals avoid Oxford Street --- sure it’s cool to have all of the shops in one place but... you can just take the tube to Westfield and enjoy a less hectic atmosphere. East London has a slightly bad reputation while West London is rather posh: nice houses with big gardens, private schools, that sweet life. Each borough has its own stereotype if you want to get even more specific. London is also expensive as heck! Hell, England is expensive. The prices for apartments within zones 1 and 2 start at a million --- and they go up up up. It’s one of the reason why people who work in London might actually commute from a bit further away. There are a lot of smaller towns surrounding London and even though they aren’t part of the City of London, they are said to be part of Greater London. For example towns in northeast of Surrey are a good example for commuter towns. Real estate prices are lower in these towns but I wouldn’t call them cheap.
9. MISCELLANEOUS
People don’t wear shoes inside the house. Nope. Most detached houses have carpeted floors upstairs. Most detached houses have three floors and fucking narrow staircases. English love reading up on royals. HELLO! is a daily magazine that centers around royals. They do articles on fashion, other celebrities and etc. but it’s mainly just about royals. Football is life. 
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wuggen · 4 years ago
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So, very broadly and reductively speaking, there's 3-ish levels that you can work at here:
1. Put the engine together completely from scratch, using raw graphics API calls (Vulkan or OpenGL, or DirectX if you insist but please don't), putting together the graphics pipelines from scratch and dealing with all of the details of loading sprite images, piecing together an animation system, etc. You'll also have to put together your own input reading system and find a low-level audio library and figure out a good way to stitch all of those together. This level is super interesting but also a fucking monumental undertaking, especially if you want the result to be cross-platform at all.
2. There are a lot of libraries and frameworks that take care of all of the lowest-level nonsense -- basic graphics pipelines, loading images and putting them on the screen, reading input, playing sounds -- but leave things like game state, scenes, camera handling, responding to (as opposed to reading) input, and other engine-like things completely up to you. This is roughly the level I like to work at; the most grueling details are dealt with, but the systems that underlie the actual game part are still entirely yours.
2.5. I've recently been tinkering with a library that provides a lot of defaults for some of the higher-level engine parts like cameras and coordinate systems, but not many of them, and what's there is optional and easy to replace. It is opinionated about the basic paradigm in which your code executes, (it's a pure ECS implementation if that means anything to you,) but it's super modular. That's also a pretty nice level to work at.
3. Your typical full-featured engines. Unity, Godot, Unreal, etc. Loaded with bells and whistles, have defaults for basically everything, you mostly just have to put in a few parameters to have a super basic but fully functional game.
I'm assuming by "make your own engine" you mean either level 1 or 2, and I would highly recommend 2 over 1. From there it kinda depends on what language you're thinking of using.
For C or C++, I used to use Allegro and I enjoyed it quite a bit. It's been a long time since I used it though.
Rust is my language of choice nowadays. That library I mentioned earlier that I've been tinkering with is called Bevy. It bills itself as a full engine, and that may be its goal, but it's very young and at this stage is definitely at level 2 in this classification, and as far as I can tell will always maintain the capacity to be used at that level, even if it does become a more full-featured engine. I believe there are other options at this level for Rust as well.
I have not done game dev in any other languages, so I don't really feel qualified to recommend libraries for them. I saw someone in the notes recommend pygame, and just skimming the about page it seems roughly comparable to Allegro but for Python. Looks pretty good.
So yeah! Fuckin awesome! Have fun! Hit me up for help and/or tips if you feel like it!
ok lads im going to try to make a video game. i am very bad at programming but i will figure it out. i have no idea what the game will be about but thats fine whatever. i want to make my own engine cause that seems like fun, but to do that i need some kind of graphics... thingy? library? i have literally only ever written command line things. how do i do a graphics?
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tak4hir0 · 5 years ago
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by TK Learning Python: From Zero to HeroFirst of all, what is Python? According to its creator, Guido van Rossum, Python is a: “high-level programming language, and its core design philosophy is all about code readability and a syntax which allows programmers to express concepts in a few lines of code.”For me, the first reason to learn Python was that it is, in fact, a beautiful programming language. It was really natural to code in it and express my thoughts. Another reason was that we can use coding in Python in multiple ways: data science, web development, and machine learning all shine here. Quora, Pinterest and Spotify all use Python for their backend web development. So let’s learn a bit about it. The Basics1. VariablesYou can think about variables as words that store a value. Simple as that. In Python, it is really easy to define a variable and set a value to it. Imagine you want to store number 1 in a variable called “one.” Let’s do it: one = 1How simple was that? You just assigned the value 1 to the variable “one.” two = 2 some_number = 10000And you can assign any other value to whatever other variables you want. As you see in the table above, the variable “two” stores the integer 2, and “some_number” stores 10,000. Besides integers, we can also use booleans (True / False), strings, float, and so many other data types. # booleans true_boolean = True false_boolean = False # string my_name = "Leandro Tk" # float book_price = 15.802. Control Flow: conditional statements“If” uses an expression to evaluate whether a statement is True or False. If it is True, it executes what is inside the “if” statement. For example: 1: print("2 is greater than 1")2 is greater than 1, so the “print” code is executed. The “else” statement will be executed if the “if” expression is false. 2: print("1 is greater than 2") else: print("1 is not greater than 2")1 is not greater than 2, so the code inside the “else” statement will be executed. You can also use an “elif” statement: 1: print("1 is not greater than 2") else: print("1 is equal to 2")3. Looping / IteratorIn Python, we can iterate in different forms. I’ll talk about two: while and for. While Looping: while the statement is True, the code inside the block will be executed. So, this code will print the number from 1 to 10. num = 1 while num <= 10: print(num) num += 1The while loop needs a “loop condition.” If it stays True, it continues iterating. In this example, when num is 11 the loop condition equals False. Another basic bit of code to better understand it: loop_condition = True while loop_condition: print("Loop Condition keeps: %s" %(loop_condition)) loop_condition = FalseThe loop condition is True so it keeps iterating — until we set it to False. For Looping: you apply the variable “num” to the block, and the “for” statement will iterate it for you. This code will print the same as while code: from 1 to 10. for i in range(1, 11): print(i)See? It is so simple. The range starts with 1 and goes until the 11th element (10 is the 10th element). List: Collection | Array | Data StructureImagine you want to store the integer 1 in a variable. But maybe now you want to store 2. And 3, 4, 5 … Do I have another way to store all the integers that I want, but not in millions of variables? You guessed it — there is indeed another way to store them. List is a collection that can be used to store a list of values (like these integers that you want). So let’s use it: my_integers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]It is really simple. We created an array and stored it on my_integer. But maybe you are asking: “How can I get a value from this array?” Great question. List has a concept called index. The first element gets the index 0 (zero). The second gets 1, and so on. You get the idea. To make it clearer, we can represent the array and each element with its index. I can draw it: Using the Python syntax, it’s also simple to understand: my_integers = [5, 7, 1, 3, 4] print(my_integers[0]) # 5 print(my_integers[1]) # 7 print(my_integers[4]) # 4Imagine that you don’t want to store integers. You just want to store strings, like a list of your relatives’ names. Mine would look something like this: relatives_names = [ "Toshiaki", "Juliana", "Yuji", "Bruno", "Kaio" ] print(relatives_names[4]) # KaioIt works the same way as integers. Nice. We just learned how Lists indices work. But I still need to show you how we can add an element to the List data structure (an item to a list). The most common method to add a new value to a List is append. Let’s see how it works: bookshelf = [] bookshelf.append("The Effective Engineer") bookshelf.append("The 4 Hour Work Week") print(bookshelf[0]) # The Effective Engineer print(bookshelf[1]) # The 4 Hour Work Weekappend is super simple. You just need to apply the element (eg. “The Effective Engineer”) as the append parameter. Well, enough about Lists. Let’s talk about another data structure. Dictionary: Key-Value Data StructureNow we know that Lists are indexed with integer numbers. But what if we don’t want to use integer numbers as indices? Some data structures that we can use are numeric, string, or other types of indices. Let’s learn about the Dictionary data structure. Dictionary is a collection of key-value pairs. Here’s what it looks like: dictionary_example = { "key1": "value1", "key2": "value2", "key3": "value3" }The key is the index pointing to the value. How do we access the Dictionary value? You guessed it — using the key. Let’s try it: dictionary_tk = { "name": "Leandro", "nickname": "Tk", "nationality": "Brazilian" } print("My name is %s" %(dictionary_tk["name"])) # My name is Leandro print("But you can call me %s" %(dictionary_tk["nickname"])) # But you can call me Tk print("And by the way I'm %s" %(dictionary_tk["nationality"])) # And by the way I'm BrazilianI created a Dictionary about me. My name, nickname, and nationality. Those attributes are the Dictionary keys. As we learned how to access the List using index, we also use indices (keys in the Dictionary context) to access the value stored in the Dictionary. In the example, I printed a phrase about me using all the values stored in the Dictionary. Pretty simple, right? Another cool thing about Dictionary is that we can use anything as the value. In the Dictionary I created, I want to add the key “age” and my real integer age in it: dictionary_tk = { "name": "Leandro", "nickname": "Tk", "nationality": "Brazilian", "age": 24 } print("My name is %s" %(dictionary_tk["name"])) # My name is Leandro print("But you can call me %s" %(dictionary_tk["nickname"])) # But you can call me Tk print("And by the way I'm %i and %s" %(dictionary_tk["age"], dictionary_tk["nationality"])) # And by the way I'm BrazilianHere we have a key (age) value (24) pair using string as the key and integer as the value. As we did with Lists, let’s learn how to add elements to a Dictionary. The key pointing to a value is a big part of what Dictionary is. This is also true when we are talking about adding elements to it: dictionary_tk = { "name": "Leandro", "nickname": "Tk", "nationality": "Brazilian" } dictionary_tk['age'] = 24 print(dictionary_tk) # {'nationality': 'Brazilian', 'age': 24, 'nickname': 'Tk', 'name': 'Leandro'} We just need to assign a value to a Dictionary key. Nothing complicated here, right? Iteration: Looping Through Data StructuresAs we learned in the Python Basics, the List iteration is very simple. We Python developers commonly use For looping. Let’s do it: bookshelf = [ "The Effective Engineer", "The 4-hour Workweek", "Zero to One", "Lean Startup", "Hooked" ] for book in bookshelf: print(book)So for each book in the bookshelf, we (can do everything with it) print it. Pretty simple and intuitive. That’s Python. For a hash data structure, we can also use the for loop, but we apply the key : some_valueThis is an example how to use it. For each key in the dictionary , we print the key and its corresponding value. Another way to do it is to use the iteritems method. some_valueWe did name the two parameters as key and value, but it is not necessary. We can name them anything. Let’s see it: dictionary_tk = { "name": "Leandro", "nickname": "Tk", "nationality": "Brazilian", "age": 24 } for attribute, value in dictionary_tk.items(): print("My %s is %s" %(attribute, value)) # My name is Leandro # My nickname is Tk # My nationality is Brazilian # My age is 24We can see we used attribute as a parameter for the Dictionary key, and it works properly. Great! Classes & ObjectsA little bit of theory:Objects are a representation of real world objects like cars, dogs, or bikes. The objects share two main characteristics: data and behavior. Cars have data, like number of wheels, number of doors, and seating capacity They also exhibit behavior: they can accelerate, stop, show how much fuel is left, and so many other things. We identify data as attributes and behavior as methods in object-oriented programming. Again: Data → Attributes and Behavior → Methods And a Class is the blueprint from which individual objects are created. In the real world, we often find many objects with the same type. Like cars. All the same make and model (and all have an engine, wheels, doors, and so on). Each car was built from the same set of blueprints and has the same components. Python Object-Oriented Programming mode: ONPython, as an Object-Oriented programming language, has these concepts: class and object. A class is a blueprint, a model for its objects. So again, a class it is just a model, or a way to define attributes and behavior (as we talked about in the theory section). As an example, a vehicle class has its own attributes that define what objects are vehicles. The number of wheels, type of tank, seating capacity, and maximum velocity are all attributes of a vehicle. With this in mind, let’s look at Python syntax for classes: class Vehicle: passWe define classes with a class statement — and that’s it. Easy, isn’t it? Objects are instances of a class. We create an instance by naming the class. Here car is an object (or instance) of the class Vehicle. Remember that our vehicle class has four attributes: number of wheels, type of tank, seating capacity, and maximum velocity. We set all these attributes when creating a vehicle object. So here, we define our class to receive data when it initiates it: class Vehicle: def __init__(self, number_of_wheels, type_of_tank, seating_capacity, maximum_velocity): self.number_of_wheels = number_of_wheels self.type_of_tank = type_of_tank self.seating_capacity = seating_capacity self.maximum_velocity = maximum_velocityWe use the init method. We call it a constructor method. So when we create the vehicle object, we can define these attributes. Imagine that we love the Tesla Model S, and we want to create this kind of object. It has four wheels, runs on electric energy, has space for five seats, and the maximum velocity is 250km/hour (155 mph). Let’s create this object: tesla_model_s = Vehicle(4, 'electric', 5, 250)Four wheels + electric “tank type” + five seats + 250km/hour maximum speed. All attributes are set. But how can we access these attributes’ values? We send a message to the object asking about them. We call it a method. It’s the object’s behavior. Let’s implement it: class Vehicle: def __init__(self, number_of_wheels, type_of_tank, seating_capacity, maximum_velocity): self.number_of_wheels = number_of_wheels self.type_of_tank = type_of_tank self.seating_capacity = seating_capacity self.maximum_velocity = maximum_velocity def number_of_wheels(self): return self.number_of_wheels def set_number_of_wheels(self, number): self.number_of_wheels = numberThis is an implementation of two methods: number_of_wheels and set_number_of_wheels. We call it getter & setter. Because the first gets the attribute value, and the second sets a new value for the attribute. In Python, we can do that using @property (decorators) to define getters and setters. Let’s see it with code: class Vehicle: def __init__(self, number_of_wheels, type_of_tank, seating_capacity, maximum_velocity): self.number_of_wheels = number_of_wheels self.type_of_tank = type_of_tank self.seating_capacity = seating_capacity self.maximum_velocity = maximum_velocity @property def number_of_wheels(self): return self.__number_of_wheels @number_of_wheels.setter def number_of_wheels(self, number): self.__number_of_wheels = numberAnd we can use these methods as attributes: tesla_model_s = Vehicle(4, 'electric', 5, 250) print(tesla_model_s.number_of_wheels) # 4 tesla_model_s.number_of_wheels = 2 # setting number of wheels to 2 print(tesla_model_s.number_of_wheels) # 2This is slightly different than defining methods. The methods work as attributes. For example, when we set the new number of wheels, we don’t apply two as a parameter, but set the value 2 to number_of_wheels. This is one way to write pythonic getter and setter code. But we can also use methods for other things, like the “make_noise” method. Let’s see it: class Vehicle: def __init__(self, number_of_wheels, type_of_tank, seating_capacity, maximum_velocity): self.number_of_wheels = number_of_wheels self.type_of_tank = type_of_tank self.seating_capacity = seating_capacity self.maximum_velocity = maximum_velocity def make_noise(self): print('VRUUUUUUUM')When we call this method, it just returns a string “VRRRRUUUUM.” tesla_model_s = Vehicle(4, 'electric', 5, 250) tesla_model_s.make_noise() # VRUUUUUUUMEncapsulation: Hiding InformationEncapsulation is a mechanism that restricts direct access to objects’ data and methods. But at the same time, it facilitates operation on that data (objects’ methods). “Encapsulation can be used to hide data members and members function. Under this definition, encapsulation means that the internal representation of an object is generally hidden from view outside of the object’s definition.” — WikipediaAll internal representation of an object is hidden from the outside. Only the object can interact with its internal data. First, we need to understand how public and non-public instance variables and methods work. Public Instance VariablesFor a Python class, we can initialize a public instance variable within our constructor method. Let’s see this: Within the constructor method: class Person: def __init__(self, first_name): self.first_name = first_nameHere we apply the first_name value as an argument to the public instance variable. TKWithin the class: class Person: first_name = 'TK'Here, we do not need to apply the first_name as an argument, and all instance objects will have a class attribute initialized with TK. TKCool. We have now learned that we can use public instance variables and class attributes. Another interesting thing about the public part is that we can manage the variable value. What do I mean by that? Our object can manage its variable value: Get and Set variable values. Keeping the Person class in mind, we want to set another value to its first_name variable: KaioThere we go. We just set another value (kaio) to the first_name instance variable and it updated the value. Simple as that. Since it’s a public variable, we can do that. Non-public Instance VariableWe don’t use the term “private” here, since no attribute is really private in Python (without a generally unnecessary amount of work). — PEP 8As the public instance variable , we can define the non-public instance variable both within the constructor method or within the class. The syntax difference is: for non-public instance variables , use an underscore (_) before the variable name. “‘Private’ instance variables that cannot be accessed except from inside an object don’t exist in Python. However, there is a convention that is followed by most Python code: a name prefixed with an underscore (e.g. _spam) should be treated as a non-public part of the API (whether it is a function, a method or a data member)” — Python Software FoundationHere’s an example: class Person: def __init__(self, first_name, email): self.first_name = first_name self._email = emailDid you see the email variable? This is how we define a non-public variable : tk = Person('TK', '[email protected]') print(tk._email) # [email protected]We can access and update it. Non-public variables are just a convention and should be treated as a non-public part of the API.So we use a method that allows us to do it inside our class definition. Let’s implement two methods (email and update_email) to understand it: class Person: def __init__(self, first_name, email): self.first_name = first_name self._email = email def update_email(self, new_email): self._email = new_email def email(self): return self._emailNow we can update and access non-public variables using those methods. Let’s see: tk = Person('TK', '[email protected] [email protected] # tk._email = '[email protected] [email protected] tk.update_email('[email protected] [email protected]We initiated a new object with first_name TK and email [email protected]Printed the email by accessing the non-public variable with a methodTried to set a new email out of our classWe need to treat non-public variable as non-public part of the APIUpdated the non-public variable with our instance methodSuccess! We can update it inside our class with the helper methodPublic MethodWith public methods, we can also use them out of our class: class Person: def __init__(self, first_name, age): self.first_name = first_name self._age = age def show_age(self): return self._ageLet’s test it: 25Great — we can use it without any problem. Non-public MethodBut with non-public methods we aren’t able to do it. Let’s implement the same Person class, but now with a show_age non-public method using an underscore (_). class Person: def __init__(self, first_name, age): self.first_name = first_name self._age = age def _show_age(self): return self._ageAnd now, we’ll try to call this non-public method with our object: 25We can access and update it. Non-public methods are just a convention and should be treated as a non-public part of the API.Here’s an example for how we can use it: 25Here we have a _get_age non-public method and a show_age public method. The show_age can be used by our object (out of our class) and the _get_age only used inside our class definition (inside show_age method). But again: as a matter of convention. Encapsulation SummaryWith encapsulation we can ensure that the internal representation of the object is hidden from the outside. Inheritance: behaviors and characteristicsCertain objects have some things in common: their behavior and characteristics. For example, I inherited some characteristics and behaviors from my father. I inherited his eyes and hair as characteristics, and his impatience and introversion as behaviors. In object-oriented programming, classes can inherit common characteristics (data) and behavior (methods) from another class. Let’s see another example and implement it in Python. Imagine a car. Number of wheels, seating capacity and maximum velocity are all attributes of a car. We can say that an ElectricCar class inherits these same attributes from the regular Car class. class Car: def __init__(self, number_of_wheels, seating_capacity, maximum_velocity): self.number_of_wheels = number_of_wheels self.seating_capacity = seating_capacity self.maximum_velocity = maximum_velocityOur Car class implemented: my_car = Car(4, 5, 250) print(my_car.number_of_wheels) print(my_car.seating_capacity) print(my_car.maximum_velocity)Once initiated, we can use all instance variables created. Nice. In Python, we apply a parent class to the child class as a parameter. An ElectricCar class can inherit from our Car class. class ElectricCar(Car): def __init__(self, number_of_wheels, seating_capacity, maximum_velocity): Car.__init__(self, number_of_wheels, seating_capacity, maximum_velocity)Simple as that. We don’t need to implement any other method, because this class already has it (inherited from Car class). Let’s prove it: 250Beautiful. That’s it!We learned a lot of things about Python basics: How Python variables workHow Python conditional statements workHow Python looping (while & for) worksHow to use Lists: Collection | ArrayDictionary Key-Value CollectionHow we can iterate through these data structuresObjects and ClassesAttributes as objects’ dataMethods as objects’ behaviorUsing Python getters and setters & property decoratorEncapsulation: hiding informationInheritance: behaviors and characteristicsCongrats! You completed this dense piece of content about Python. If you want a complete Python course, learn more real-world coding skills and build projects, try One Month Python Bootcamp. See you there ☺ For more stories and posts about my journey learning & mastering programming, follow my publication The Renaissance Developer. Have fun, keep learning, and always keep coding. My Twitter & Github. ☺
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evanvanness · 5 years ago
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Narrative edition, Week in Ethereum News, Jan 12, 2020
This is the 5th edition of the 6 annotated versions that I committed in my head to doing when I decided to see how an annotated edition would be received.
Given the response on my Gitcoin matching grant, I may have to keep going.  Check it out - giving 1 DAI right now will get more than 100x matching.
Tumblr media
Thanks to everyone who has given on my Gitcoin grant.  It’s the best way to show you want these annotated editions to continue.
Even 1 Dai is super appreciated given the matching!  Since Tumblr adds odd forwarders to links, here’s the text of the link: https://gitcoin.co/grants/237/week-in-ethereum-news
Eth1
Latest core devs call. Notes from Tim Beiko, discussion of EIPs 2456, 1962, 2348
EthereumJS v4.13 – bugfix release for Muir Glacier
Slockit released a stable version of their Incubed stateless ultralight client, aimed at IoT devices. 150kb to verify transactions or 500kb including EVM. incentive layer coming soon.
A little slow on in the eth1 section, but Incubed getting to be stable is cool.  Obviously if they can get the incentive layer worked out, that will be fantastic.
When I think about that that I was wrong about, definitely if I go back to q1 or q2 2017, I  thought that IoT Ethereum was much more of a thing.   There was Brody’s early washing machine prototype, Airlock->Oaken, Slockit had some stuff 3 years ago, etc.  It hasn’t really happened.
Why not?  It seems to me like most of those things require enterprises to take the plunge.  No one is going to go out and manufacture a domestic electronic device just yet with all the uncertainty there.  
And light client server incentivization hasn’t happened yet.  There’s just things to be built still. So it’s cool to see Incubed hitting a stable release.  Slowly but surely all the necessary primitives get built.  I still think there will be lots of robots transacting some day.
Eth2
Latest Eth2 implementer call. Notes from Mamy and from Ben.
Latest what’s new in Eth2
Spec version v0.10 with BLS standards
Prysmatic restarted its testnet with a newer version of the spec and mainnet config
Lodestar update on light clients and dev tooling
3 options for state providers
Eth2 for Dummies
Exploring validator costs
Eth2 for dummies was the most clicked this week.  Even within the universe of people who subscribe to the newsletter, there’s always demand for high level explainers.
The spec is essentially finalized and out the door for auditing, so now it’s a sprint towards shipping, though of course there may be some minor changes as a result of further networking and of course from the audit.
Lately some in the community have been promoting a July ship date and I personally would be disappointed if it slipped that far.
Layer2
Optimistic rollup for tokens Fuel ships first public testnet
Optimistic Game Semantics for a generalized layer2 client
Loopring presents full results of their zk rollup testing
StarkEx says they can do 9000 trades per second at 75 gas per trade with offchain data, with the limiting factor being the prover, not onchain throughput.
9000 is a pretty crazy number, although since the data is offchain that makes it a Plasma construct and not a rollup.   StarkWare to my memory hasn’t provided details on what the exit game is - as an end user do i get a proof I can submit if i need to exit?  I have no idea.
Anyway, it’s very cool that the limiting factor is the prover, ie, nothing about Ethereum is what is currently limiting the 9000 transactions per second number.
Of course Loopring would also have a fairly crazy number if they did offchain data, but they have a thousand or 2k tps per second number with onchain data, and let’s be honest: right now the limiting factor here is the demand for dexes.   No dex at the moment can fill even a hundred transactions per second.  But as trades get cheaper, presumably there is more demand.   And token trading will certainly increase in the next bull market.
Meanwhile Fuel shipped its first testnet.  Very neat.
Stuff for developers
An update on the Vyper compiler: there’s now two efforts, a new one in Rust using YUL to target both EVM & ewasm as well as the existing one in Python.
A look at vulnerabilities of deployed code over time
a beginner’s guide to the K framework
Vulnerability: hash collisions with multiple variable length arguments
Verifying wasm transactions (and part2)
Austin Griffith’s eth.build metatransactions
Build your own customized Burner Wallet
Abridged v2 aiming to make it easy to onboard new users of web2 networks
Ethcode v0.9 VSCode extension
Embark v5
The Vyper saga is interesting. The existing Vyper compiler had a number of security holes found.  EF’s Python team decided they didn’t like the existing codebase.  So now some of the existing Vyper team is continuing on with the existing Python compiler, whereas there will also be an effort to write a Vyper compiler in Rust but to the intermediate language Yul, which means it will have both ewasm and EVM.
Also interesting to see the data viz of depoyed vulnerabilities over time.  App security has been improving!
Ecosystem
RicMoo: SQRLing mnemonic phrases
ethsear.ch – Ethereum specific search engine
Avado’s RYO node – nodes opt-in and let users access them via load balancer
30 days of Eth ecosystem shipping
Aztec’s BN-254 trusted setup ceremony post-mortem. Confidential transactions launching this month
RicMoo always has interesting posts on techniques to use in Ethereum that aren’t mainstream.  This one is pretty interesting.
I’m very excited about Aztec’s confidential transactions shipping this month.   Much like Tornado, this is huge.  The difference is that Aztec is about obscuring transaction amounts.   Well, it’s about more than that and will be an interesting primitive for people to build with.
Enterprise
700m USD volume on Komgo commodity trade finance platform
TraSeable seafood tracker article on the challenges points out the troubles with no private chain interoperability
Caterpillar business process management system
Q&A with Marley Gray about the EEA’s Token Taxonomy Initiative
700m USD.  It continues to strike me that enterprise is one of Ethereum’s biggest moats, and yet I don’t think I do a great job covering it.  Much of what gets published is press release rewrites.
And of course I did a small bit of editorializing by noting that an article on private chains was finding how hard it was to have all these private chains.  They need mainnet!
Governance and standards
EIP1559 implementation discussion
EIP2456: Time based upgrades
Metamask’s bounty for a generalized metatransaction standard
1559 is important because it kills economic abstraction forever!  It’s happening in eth2, it’d be nice to have it happen in eth1.   While I think some of the tradeoffs have not been written about - and that originally caused me to be a bit skeptical, perhaps i’ll write a post about that -- it’d be great to get 1559 into production.
In general, Eth needs better standardization around wallets for frontend devs.
Application layer
Flashloans within one transaction using Aave Protocol are live on mainnet
Orchid’s decentralized VPN launches
Data viz on dexes in 2019
ZRXPortal for ZRX holders to delegate their tokens to stakers
Dai Stability Fee and Dai Savings Rate go up to 6%, while Sai Stability Fee at 5%
EthHub’s new Ethereum user guides
It’s great that EthHub is doing user guides, that’s something that is missing.  What’s also missing is a concerted Ethereum effort to link to stuff so that old uncle Google does a better job of returning search results.
Aave’s flashloans is another neat primitive.  Things unique to DeFi.
Tokens/Business/Regulation
David Hoffman: the money game landscape
Australia experimenting with a digital Aussie dollar, with a prototype on a private Ethereum chain
3 cryptocurrency regulation themes for 2020
OpenSea’s compendium of NFT knowledge
A newsletter to keep track of the NFT space
Initial Sardine Coin Offering
NBA guard Spencer Dinwiddie’s tokenized contract launches January 13
Progressive decentralization: a dapp business plan
I wrote a Twitter thread about Dinwiddie’s tokens.  I’m curious how they do, given that the NBA made him change plans and just do a bond.  I haven’t seen the prospectus, and press accounts have conflicting information, but it appears that the annual interest rate is 14%.  In that case, I wonder who puts fiat in?  I doubt anyone would sell their ETH at these prices for a 14% USD return.  There is some risk, but it basically requires Dinwiddie to lose the plot and get arrested or fail a drug test.  So it seems like quite a good return given the low risk (assuming it is indeed 14%)
That Sardine token is wild, but not crazy.  I won’t even try to summarize it, but perhaps even weirder is that they announced it at CES.  Is your average CES attendee going to have any idea what ETH is during the depths of cryptowinter?  Unclear to me.
Lots of good stuff in this section this week.   Jesse Walden wrote up the “get product market fit, then community, then decentralize” which has worked for a bunch of DeFi protocols.   
It’s also the opposite of what folks like Augur and Melon have done.  So far the “decentralize later” camp has gotten more traction, but I personally don’t consider this argument decided at all, especially if you are in heavily regulated industries like Augur or Melon where regulators might put you into bankruptcy just because they got up on the wrong side of the bed that morning.
I also think Augur could be a sleeper hit for 2020, and I think Melon’s best days are still in front of it.
General
Andrew Keys: 20 blockchain predictions for 2020
Haseeb Qureshi’s intro to cryptocurrency class for programmers
Ben Edgington’s BLS12-381 for the rest of us
Visualizing efficient Merkle trees for zero knowledge proofs
Eli Ben-Sasson’s catalog of the Cambrian zero knowledge explosion
Bounty for breaking RSA assumptions
It’s amusing how heavy crypto stuff often gets put into this section.  The cryptography stuff is all super interesting, but not sure I can provide much more context for it.
Juxtaposed with intense cryptography in this section is Andrew Keys’ annual new year predictions.  Always a fun read.
Haseeb’s class looked great.  A place to pick up all the knowledge that has taken some of us years to piece together, blog post by blog post.  
Full Week in Ethereum News issue.
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udemy-gift-coupon-blog · 6 years ago
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Express course - Develop Web Apps/SaaS with PHP and ATK ##realdiscount ##Udacity #AppsSaaS #ATK #Develop #Express #PHP #Web Express course - Develop Web Apps/SaaS with PHP and ATK Hi, my name is Romans and I am a professional freelance Web application developer. I participated and built many SaaS apps, have worked as CTO for various web start-ups and have been a very active open-source contributor. I teach secondary students how to build useful web apps as a hobby. I offer you this ORIGINAL COURSE where I will introduce you to a very powerful "PHP + ATK + Heroku" combination. To my knowledge it's the FASTEST and the most EFFICIENT approach for building powerful web apps. How is this course different? My goal is not to give you "introduction" to gazillion free web technologies, instead I will keep my focus on those core technologies and keep going deeper and deeper eventually enabling you to build and deploy sophisticated web apps. ATK is pretty new framework, but its core goal is to make web development simpler, more friendly, not more complex. What about Laravel/Symfony? In my course you'll learn an efficient way to build Web UI and work with Data. If you know one of Laravel/Symfony/Wordpress already, you can use it together with ATK. How does PHP compare with Ruby/JavaScript/Python? PHP is the most popular language for websites and web apps. It alway was. NodeJS is trendy. Ruby on Rails was trendy in 2006 and is now in decline. But there is a good reason why PHP remains #1 for web sites - it runs everywhere, it's easy to install, it's easy to learn and it's really fast. Don't take my word for it - verify it yourself on "Google Trends". What does "Express course" mean in the title? Most courses I've seen here will start at the very beginning and will dedicate some limited time on various technologies you need to build web apps. 3 lectures on HTML. 2 lectures on CSS and so on. Quite often you have to listen to over 200 lectures before you get your application online! FOR EXAMPLE: many professional developers DON'T USE SQL language. They rely on "data abstraction frameworks". Also many Web Developers DON'T write CSS or HTML themselves. They use CSS frameworks. So, unless you want to be a Website Designer, there is no real need for you to master HTML/CSS. Yet other courses will insist on giving you a comprehensive introduction for all the fundamentals. Why spend your time on them now, if you might not need them in the future? In my course I only teach you technologies which you will absolutely need to make Web Apps. Sometimes I'll suggest you where you can learn more about those supplementary technologies, but I remain very firmly focused on the goal. What are the milestones? If know nothing about web apps and you start my course now, then: In one hour, you will know how to run your own web app in the cloud and use version control. In two hours, you will be able to work with database and build interactive applications, and use 3rd party services for sending SMS messages. In three hours, you will learn about relations, expressions and data aggregation. In four hours, you will know how to make SaaS multi-user apps and send out nicely-looking emails. In five hours, you will know how to work with files and accept on-line payments. Additionally, we will be implementing lots of web apps. If you need, pause my videos and try following me with your own code editor. Also - work on assignments. DO NOT SKIP LECTURES. To save time I rarely repeat things. Make sure you fully understand every lecture before moving on. If not - please post questions in "Q/A" section. Other courses to learn? After finishing this course, I recommend: If you wish to be a better frontend/mobile developer - Learn React. It can interact with ATK / PHP through RestAPI. If you wish to tweak UI - Learn CSS and dig deeper into Semantic UI. If you wish to self-host your apps - learn more about Docker and Kubernetes.  IMPORTANT: I'm still working to record videos in the curriculum. I typically release several videos every week. Because my material is NOT COMPLETE, I am giving you access to my course FOR FREE. Please consider that before leaving a review. Who this course is for: Secondary school/Uni students who wish to build course project. Mobile and Desktop developers who need Web App backend. Non-developers who wish to build web app without spending too much time. 👉 Activate Udemy Coupon 👈 Free Tutorials Udemy Review Real Discount Udemy Free Courses Udemy Coupon Udemy Francais Coupon Udemy gratuit Coursera and Edx ELearningFree Course Free Online Training Udemy Udemy Free Coupons Udemy Free Discount Coupons Udemy Online Course Udemy Online Training 100% FREE Udemy Discount Coupons https://www.couponudemy.com/blog/express-course-develop-web-apps-saas-with-php-and-atk/
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canmom · 8 years ago
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Building my own rasteriser: part 1 - setting up
For various reasons, I’ve been trying to teach myself about 3D computer graphics lately.
Reading theory is all well and good, but you aren’t going to learn a thing if you don’t actually program anything. Graphics code, which has to be very fast, is often written in C or C++, so it’s time to dust off those C++ skills from uni. After several years coding in much easier languages like Javascript and Python, they’re very dusty skills.
The plan
My first objective is to handle none of the shading side, just the bare bones mathematical aspects of transforming triangles into normalised device coordinates and displaying a 2D image of the points. This doesn’t necessarily need to involve graphics card APIs yet. I will be following this well-explained tutorial from Scratchapixel.
The next goal will be to learn how to send data to OpenGL (or Vulkan!), write simple shaders, and get results out along the lines of less theory-heavy OpenGL tutorials. A reasonable objective here is to have a nice revolving Suzanne or Utah Teapot with a nice-ish shader on it.
From there I can start learning how various graphics algorithms work. I’m not planning to make my own game engine, just understand how they work a bit better.
C++ is a royal pain innit
I’m developing on my Windows desktop machine with the fancy graphics card and all that.
First problem was to get a compiler. I don’t really like Visual Studio because it’s a huge ponderous program and I learned C++ on Linux, where you just invoke the compiler on the command line. It turns out there is a port of the Gnu C Compiler to Windows called MinGW... but I may not end up actually using that because of other tools I ended up using.
The first question I had was, am I supposed to implement my own linear algebra library? While this entire project is reinventing the wheel to some degree, linear algebra isn’t a particular wheel I care to reinvent. It turns out that once I figured out what to actually search for (even with a qualifier like ‘Euclidean’, ‘vector’ is not a good search term for C++, but ‘matrix’ is, and in fact what I should have been searching is ‘linear algebra’) it turns out there are actually loads of them.
So I hesitantly settled on GMTL.
The next problem I had was, how the heck do you manage packages and dependencies in C++? Other languages have a nice convenient package manager which lets you list the dependencies of your project in your source code repository, and when someone else downloads your git repo, they can just call some command to automatically download and install the packages you need.
C++, by virtue of being much older than the trend towards every language having its own package manager, is a much messier situation. On Linux, most distros provide various C++ libraries in their package manager, but there’s no such luck on Windows, and in any case either way there’s no easy way to specify dependencies.
So should I just dump all the code of the library in my project’s folder, which sounds pretty bloated? This seems to be what people actually do. Should I upload the library code to github along with my project? I really didn’t want to do that.
One possible solution is to use a git feature called submodules. That lets me mark part of my module as a ‘submodule’ based on another git repository, and if I push the module to github, the submodule contents wouldn’t be included but can be installed with a console command. That’s exactly what I want... if the library I want has a git repository associated with it. GMTL doesn’t.
There is a relatively recent attempt to make a C++ package manager/dependency system, called Conan. There’s also another, no-longer-maintained one called CPM. Conan is very flexible and proved easy to set up, albeit defaulting to the Visual Studio compiler through CMake. Well, as long as I can run it from the command line, I don’t really mind whether it’s VS or MinGW. But... GMTL wasn’t on their list.
On the other hand, GLM, another graphics-targeted library with linear algebra code was present. It has a lot of downloads. However, this one didn’t come highly recommended on the above Stack Overflow thread on linear algebra libraries. Someone called GameDeveloper said:
well, it provide graphics programming vector and matrices. it introduces nice amount of overhead to keep compliant on GLSL (if you can do it in GLSL, most times doing it in GLSL is better especially with GL 4.x), and miss many graphics programming primitives (frustum, AABB, BB, ellipsoid). Its swizzle interface it's obese. Much better alternative would be if it had ".xyzz()" functions generated with some code generation. It is perfect when you have to prototype opengl applications and starts showing its negative sides on bigger projects. never code a math library.
That said, since making a rasterisation program is essentially “prototyping an openGL application", maybe that isn’t so bad. And it will make it easier to learn GLSL later. (AABB is Axis-Aligned Bounding Box, BB is therefore most likely Bounding Box, frustums are of course important in the perspective transform; I’m not sure I’ll need ellipsoids).
Another option for a much more generic linear algebra library also available on Conan is Eigen. That may be overkill for what I want to do, thoguh, which is probably covered in GLM. I’m going to stick with GLM for now.
Next post, some info on rasterisation, and hopefully the details of an actual attempt to implement this thing with code.
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theficdoctor-blog · 8 years ago
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Creative Writing Do’s and Don’t’s
Warning: This is the Editor in me that’s speaking. It’s going to be harsh, but when you’re writing, harsh is what you need.
My first creative writing instructor gave us an exercise on the first day of my Intro to Creative Writing class. I swear on my life this exercise will improve your writing instantly. If you just want the list, click the “keep reading”. Open a word document. Write down a few genres. Write down some clichés that makes those genres what they are and include a highly-genre’d example with it. Write as many as you can. Here’s a small example to build on:
Romance (Twilight)
The love triangle
“Their tongues battled for dominance”
The inevitable misunderstanding as a final attempt to inject drama before the resolution
Fantasy (Jupiter Ascending)
A highly detailed world/history
The chosen one
A super special important treasure/artifact/prophecy
Mystery (Scooby Doo (the live action movies))
The ”dun dun DUUUUUN” moment
The film noir style
The assistant who contributes just enough to the mystery so the detective can have all the glory and figure everything out in its entirety
Done with your list? Good. Kiss those vapid love triangles goodbye, send your needlessly convoluted history away, and dump the “dun dun DUUUUN” moment. They’re all USELESS until you learn how to properly twist them into something you can stomach. Relying on clichés kills creativity and promotes laziness. This list is highly condensed and should be used as a bare-bones reference.
When you write your stories...
DON’T:
Use clichés.
Unless you can mutate a cliché well enough to make it original (/make it your own), avoid them at all costs. They are writing suicide.
Fall in love with your work.
It’s important to feel pride in your work, but every word, every sentence, every phrase has to earn its keep. If something isn’t helping the story, cut it out; it’s useless and wastes the reader’s (and your) time.
Drench your work in purple prose.
Purple prose and excessive imagery are for prose poetry, not fiction writing. Purple prose doesn’t do anything but stroke your ego. Take, for instance, this sentence: “Luna felt her gasp caress her dainty trachea similarly to how her father cradled her in his strong, loving arms on her blessed and most anticipated day of birth, making her also remember the way, Reggie, her first boyfriend would lovingly embrace her under the moonlit glow and the cherry trees deep in the sticky, heavy summer nights of her teen years.” Chill. If you can’t say a sentence in one breath, it’s not worth keeping. This is an exposition dump. The reader has to drag their feet through it. It slows the narrative down to an agonizing pace. Just say “she gasped.” There’s no shame in using simplistic language if you know how to use it. For instance, gasping is a fast movement. You want the reader to feel the fast movement—that’s why it’s best to just say “she gasped.” She shouldn’t be stuck in a gasp for ten minutes.  
Put your first draft on a pedestal.
I don’t care if you’re Stephen King, J.K. Rowling, Shakespeare, Karen Russell, or Anne Rice; your first draft is always awful. Edit it, polish it, love it, commit to it. If that sounds like “too much,” then you’re gonna be stuck with writing crap, and I don’t ever wanna hear “I wish I was a better writer,” because I’m telling you right this second that you’ll never improve if you always accept your first draft as gospel.
Dump exposition on the reader.
There’s always going to be at least one writer that forces their character into a soliloquy about how “their entire village was burned down by thieves and murderers, and only they were left standing because their sainted mother tucked them away in a magical tree trunk which was blessed by whatever deity is in charge of this world.” OR, alternatively, “James climbs into Reggie’s window one day while Reggie is working at the coffee shop, finds Reggie’s diary, and reads about how Reggie was tragically in love with his twin sister before his abusive father killed both his twin sister and his mother before his eyes, and that is why Reggie is always so determined to find happiness in everything around him because he can’t bear to think back on the horrors of his past without going into seizures or spasms.” Let things unfold organically and at their own pace. Let characterization tell the story, not your general plan.
Rely on misunderstandings.
I swear that misunderstandings can be a whole sub-genre in itself for how often they’re abused. Usually, misunderstandings are used so James and Reggie will get angry at each other, Luna has to point out that they were both wrong, and James has to run through the airport after Reggie’s train (security be damned) with tears pouring down his cheeks in a desperate attempt to get Reggie back (who also dramatically brushes tears from his eyes) before he flies back to Idontknowwhereizstan for forever.
Focus on death (for the pure enjoyment of making your readers shriek “NOOOO”).
It’s lazy. It skews the stakes of your story, making all the other stakes boring. EVERYONE kills off their characters. No one’s “evil” or funny for doing it. It’s become cliche. Either start a story with death or eradicate it altogether because what’s important is the aftermath—the character development. Never ever focus on death. I don’t care what a saint little Suzie is; she’s not allowed to die from her terminal cancerheartattacklupusitis until you’ve made her human. And even then you’re not allowed to end the story with her dying either—Reggie has to be there at her bedside with the chocolate cake she’s been dreaming about having for six years. And you have to show that aftermath.
Use the same voice for every character and the narrative.
I know it’s very tempting to use the long-winded, intricate tone of The Whimsical Author, but I assure you that giving all your characters and narrative that voice will indeed hammer the final nail into the coffin on your writing career. I don’t care how smart The Author of Whimsy sounds, the Monty Python Babbling is way more interesting and varied. Your characters are ideas. You breathe life into them. They take on life of their own. If you use the same voice for everything, you’re telling your readers you can’t write worth a damn but you know what sounds kinda pretty.
Shove your characters in a corner.
This is one of the most common causes of writer’s block. If you’ve shoved your characters in a corner, you’ve stripped them of their organic movement. Characters will move and function on their own. You have to let them breathe and meander; that’s what will ensure that you’ll get a great story out of them. I don’t care how much you want James to sob and throw himself into Reggie’s arms so Reggie will save him from the school bully and also kiss James. James isn’t that kind of person. James is too prideful.
Use “(s)he felt…”
The best way to kick your reader away from their screen and scream “YOU’RE READING A STORY WRITTEN BY ME, SOMEONE. I EXIST. THESE ARE JUST CHARACTERS. YOU’RE READING SOMETHING FAKE” is to use “(s)he felt,” or “(s)he heard,” or “(s)he smelled.” It’s best to just outright state the feeling, sound, or smell rather than insist the reader see everything through the characters’ eyes. You want to draw the reader in. How can you do that if you constantly remind them they’re scrolling through AO3, trying to find more fics specifically about James and Reggie ignoring the canon and falling into each other’s arms five sentences in? “Heat radiated from his hand,” “The oven timer shrieked,” and “The scent of charcoaled biscuits filled the room” yank the reader into the scene to stand beside the characters and watch them up close.
Rely on adverbs.
The adverb is the lazy writer’s way to generate description. Take, for instance, this sentence: “Reggie scarily placed his hand by James’s head and glared at him.” Yeah, you shoved Reggie’s anger in our faces, and we have no idea what James is doing. Instead: “Reggie smacked his hand against the wall, snatching James’s attention away from Luna.” We don’t even need Reggie’s glare to know he’s mad in this context. This way, we can explore a greater range of emotions by carefully selecting our words based on connotations and speed. Jealousy, panic, varying attentions, varying reading speeds, and so on.
Use the “dun, dun, DUUUUN” moment.
I’m serious about this one. Nothing makes your story quite so flimsy, clichéd, and cartoony as the “dun, dun, DUUUN” moment. I’ve seen this moment plenty of times in workshops, and every time I have to struggle to be nice and say “maybe that makes your story seem a little clichéd. It’d give it more depth if it were open-ended or more realistic.” Don’t get me wrong. These were not incompetent writers by any stretch of the imagination. They just didn’t know what to stay away from sometimes. Writing this infamous moment into your story is the equivalent of euthanizing it and ensuring it looks like Floops’s Fooglies from Spy Kids as it goes down.
Use whatever tense or POV you want whenever you feel like it.
You can absolutely use 2nd person present tense for your story, but realize that, that sort of craft element is best kept to flash fiction-length stories. A reader (unless they’ve read Homestuck) will have a hard time reading 2nd person present tense for 12 chapters. 3rd person is nice and easy. 1st person allows you to cheat your way towards better inner-reflections for characters. Present tense indicates a sense of panic (it disallows moments for reflection). Past tense allows you to take your time. Whatever you decide to tackle, make sure you choose the right tense and point of view and stick to it. You cannot jump to whatever tense you feel like every other paragraph; there has to be a reason.
DO:
Let the characters lead the story
Time and time again I’ve seen writers get frustrated because their characters won’t conform to what they’ve planned. We forget that our characters are not dolls to play with. It’s good—GREAT, even—when your characters create a clear path for themselves! Your character knows their story. Let them guide you through it.
Remember that a writer records their characters, not forces them.
It’s hard to get a story to feel natural, yes, but if you just sit and watch your characters, they’ll tell you what to write. You don’t have to put a ton of brain power into it; it’s instinct. Keep your hands off that steering wheel. Just scribble down exactly how James’s nail taps against the wheel in frustration as Reggie leans his entire upper body out the window to demand the name of that corgi sitting on the sidewalk.
ALWAYS write literary realism.
You’re banned from genres. You have to write literary realism now. Literary realism is a record of characterization and of life progressing naturally. No clichés allowed unless you can spin them. If you can realistically see your character fitting in a Saturday morning cartoon, you’re doing it wrong.
Give your characters idiosyncrasies.
“Idiosyncrasies” boils down to odd habits and gives a lot of character with little effort on your part. This is an example of letting the character lead the story. If you don’t know enough idiosyncrasies off the top of your head, go people-watching. Why do they act the way they act? Why would Reggie cry when presented with chocolate cake? Why would Luna click her car lock button precisely four times every time she leaves it? How does James drink his soda? Why would a chin lift from Reggie make his dog instantly protective?
Be patient.
The tools you have at your disposal are versatile and vast. You have so much more to work with than you know; it’s overwhelming. Take some time and get familiar with your style. Be patient, you’ll get it. 
Set deadlines.
It’s hard for me to write every day so I write one chapter every week. You must do this to keep your tools sharp and strong. It also helps to look up writing exercises (specifically from The 3 A.M. Epiphany by Brian Kiteley; obey that word count.)
EDIT. ALWAYS EDIT. ALWAYS. EDIT. ALWAYS.
I can’t stress this enough. I don’t care if that sentence is the best one you’ve ever written. Take it out if it doesn’t help your story. I don’t care how nice the word ‘paraphernalia’ is, your 5-year-old character won’t know how to use it appropriately; it’ll throw off the reader. It’s not gonna make the kid seem smart; it’s gonna stick out like a sore thumb and announce that you have no idea how characterization works. If you’re not gutting and re-gutting your drafts, you’re not doing it right. Sometimes you have to break it down to dust and rebuild in order to make it perfect—in order to make it something you can be proud of.
Remember that every first draft is garbage (don’t worry about it).
If you can’t start your story or chapter, just write garbage (this works for school papers, too). Just write the worst first draft you can. It’s always easier to edit a physical document than it is to write something perfect from the ground up. It’s also a huge time-saver.
Write when you feel inspiration hit (because there’s no guarantee it’ll stay or come back).
Write your story from the final scene all the way back to the beginning if you must. The order doesn’t matter (of course this is why you always edit). You’ll never be in a constant state of inspiration for a scene. Write it while you can. You can adjust it to fit in your story when you get there.
Use active voice (don’t fear the simple sentence).
Passive voice makes the reader drag their feet. Using “Reggie was placed on the bed,” “James was stopped by the door,” and “I’ve been told by Luna that my writing has been lacking punch because taking my time is what I insist on doing so I have the ability to show everyone how annoying it is to read slowly” will absolutely burden your reader. It’s okay to use passive voice when you do want things to slow down (maybe during sensual scenes or silence/drama-heavy moments), but using active voice makes it easier on the reader and picks up the pace. “James placed Reggie on the bed.” “Luna smacked the door in James’s face.” “Luna said my writing lost its punch, but I just wanted to show the active voice’s benefits.”
Start your story at the beginning.
Whenever I open up a story, I scroll past the first few paragraphs because the author spends that long telling me what happened with James’s beloved pet cat he had when he was two and how it coughed up hairballs in his tiny shoes, and it is never mentioned again. Or, the author will spend the entire first chapter dumping all the history of their universe on me, so I’ll have to skip to the next one in order to get started. I don’t need your history in the form of a textbook—I don’t want it like that. I want to see it expressed through the characters. I want James to say, “Reggie, you can’t park your bike there. It’s illegal on west-facing streets” rather than see a full chapter with this kind of detail: “Back in the crisp Fall of 1952, there was a gang of 15-year-old bikers who kept the town soaked in fear. Eddie Haskell, the Two-Faced Town Tattler, was the ring leader, picking off people he saw unfit for the image he had for his town. Always, they’d park their bikes along west streets, facing their handlebars towards the sunset to indicate the day when they’d finally burn the place to the ground. This is why it is illegal to park your bike on west-facing streets.” Sure, it’s interesting, but it’s got nothing to do with Reggie and James, you’re never going to bring it up again, and you’ve wasted a paragraph (These things take up like 5 paragraphs usually). If you wanna talk about Eddie Haskell, then tell the story about Eddie Haskell, but if your story is all about Reggie and James getting over their pride and fessing up to each other, then start it there.
Incorporate the three imperative questions:
What are the stakes? Death? No. Get death out of your mind. Think deeper. What happens if the characters don’t get what they want?
What do these characters want? Ice cream, the world, Reggie. Anything. If you develop proper motive, it won’t matter what they want.
What’s the character’s motive? James wants ice cream because it’s hot out.
I can’t tell you how many times I’ve exited out of a fic because I just didn’t care. “James killed Eddie.” Okay. So what? I’m supposed to care because James did something shocking? That’s it? How about: “In a fit of fear, Reggie smacked the offered chocolate ice cream cone from James’s hands. The two stared down at the wasted dessert as Reggie’s mind edged back to reality. James looked to Reggie with eyes filled with worry.”
We’ve got stakes (Reggie’s suffering), wants (James wants to give Reggie something nice and keep him comfortable; Reggie doesn’t want chocolate anywhere near him), and the motive (James and Reggie are friends; they care about each other). Every character needs a want, a drive, and stakes in order to be a decent character—a character worth caring about.
Write flash fiction.
Writing flash fiction (stories varying from 100-800 words in length) has helped me tremendously with cutting out any word, phrase, or concept that doesn’t earn its keep. A flash fiction is not a chapter of something. It is a complete story. A flash fiction is a smack of a story or a blast of fireworks. The reader will only have enough time to feel the burn on their cheek or stare in awe as the fireworks disappear into the night sky. Do not use the “once upon a time” 794 words “the end” structure. Flash fiction doesn’t work like that. You can only write enough to get the idea out and developed. Write lots of flash fiction.
Read flash fiction.
Reading flash fiction (since it’s designed to be short) is easy and fast. Flash fiction is filled to the brim with symbolism and interesting concepts (which is what this specific writing form is for). I recommend snatching up Flash Fiction: 72 Very Short Stories edited by James Thomas, Denise Thomas, and Tom Hazuka. The longest flash fiction in there is probably just three pages long. The shortest, I believe, is just over half a page.
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douchebagbrainwaves · 7 years ago
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STARTUPS AND QUICKER
But my instincts tell me you don't have to worry, because this whole phenomenon of VCs doing angel investments is so new. And while there might be some businesses that it would be hard to find a better focus group than hackers, because they come closest of any group I know to embodying it. It is by poking about inside current technology that hackers get ideas for the next generation of business computer. At first we tried to conceal it. Are there walkable neighborhoods?1 The optimal ways to make more, smaller investments faster. 6 months of runway. Are there walkable neighborhoods? As long as it has the right sort of wrongness, that's a promising sign. It would be ironic if, as hackers fear, recent measures intended to protect national security and intellectual property turned out to be a very promising startup indeed to get a good job, is a language that makes source code ugly is maddening to an exacting programmer, as clay full of lumps would be to include working unsubscribe links in their mails. I work best in chunks of no more than 12. If you turned it over, it said Inside Macintosh.
And some of the problems we were trying to solve were endlessly difficult. Almost every form of publishing has been organized as if the medium was what they were selling, why has the price of books or music or movies always depended mostly on the format? I wish its advantages were better understood. Or is it, rather, nonexistent?2 So if auto-retrieving spam filters would make the email system rebound. It would be a pretty cheap experiment, as civil expenditures go. So an angel round turn cold the process at least degrades gracefully, instead of the right companies. As long as it has the right sort of wrongness, that's a higher rate of return than a VC could ever hope to get from a company that took 6 years to go public, you won't be able to make the case to everyone for doing it. Don't expect it to be perfect. We thought Airbnb was a bad idea. The first thing to understand is that encouraging startups is a different problem from encouraging startups in a particular city, you have to worry, because this whole phenomenon of VCs doing angel investments is so new.3
The only explanation is that they're telling the truth: there are just not enough great programmers to go around. Founders usually have a lot of work to learn a new programming language. At its best programming is the same. For example, I suspect people in Hollywood are simply mystified by hackers' attitudes toward copyrights. Others thought YC had some special insight about the future of most current media. If free copies of your content are available online, then you're competing with publishing's form of distribution, and that's just as bad as being a publisher.4 In retrospect that seems ridiculous, and we don't realize how lucky we are that it is a congenial atmosphere for the right sort of wrongness, that's a promising sign. But before we hired a PR firm I had no idea where articles in the mainstream media was. Though we initially did this out of self-indulgence, it turned out to be the thing-that-doesn't-scale that defines your company. No matter how thoroughly you've read it, not written it. The super-angels is good news for founders. Let's consider what it would feel like to have x-ray vision for character.5
Are there walkable neighborhoods? Why does this sound familiar? And of course you can't safely redesign something other people are working on. So let me tell you what Jessica has achieved. The company has, say, 6 months before they're out of business? When we cook one up we're not always 100% sure which kind it is.6 They'll all lose their jobs eventually, along with all the time they expended on this doomed company.
So they claim it's because they want to. Technology gives the best programmers huge leverage. To get the same rate of return, the VC would have to get a multiple of 10 6—one million x. Lewis's industry contacts also include the creative director of GQ. It's not merely true that organizations dislike the idea of depending on individual genius, it's a tautology. Jessica Livingston, Robert Morris, Peter Norvig, Lisa Randall, Emmett Shear, Sergei Tsarev, and Stephen Wolfram for reading drafts of this essay. Like the remarks of an outspoken old grandmother, the sayings of the founding fathers have embarrassed generations of their less confident successors.7 So while you'll probably survive, the problem now becomes to survive with the least damage and distraction.
Really they ought to be out there digging up stories for themselves. If you want to sell early. So if it seems too good to be true to think you could grow a local silicon valley by giving startups $15-20k each like Y Combinator, that's because it is.8 Distractions are bad for many types of work, but especially bad for programming, because programmers tend to operate at the limit of the detail they can handle. Because the self-reinforcing, like a prophet, that there would soon be a computer with half a MIPS of processing power that would fit under an airline seat and cost so little that we could save enough to buy one from a summer job. At the mention of ugly source code, people will of course think of Perl. The first is probably the future of technology. The trends we've been seeing are probably not YC-specific. Or to put it more brutally, 6 months before they're out of business. To the extent the movie business can avoid becoming publishers, they may avoid publishing's problems. Or, to put it more nicely, overworked.
A round they often don't.9 Otherwise you're probably just postponing the problem, and that it therefore mattered far more which startups you picked than how much you spend.10 What about iTunes? In fact many of the current super-angels. They'll all lose their jobs eventually, along with all the time. People still pay for those. There used to be a spam url, so submitting every http request in every email would work fine nearly all the widely used languages uses Python for most of his projects. The super-angels were initially angels of the classic type.
But show them a lock and their first thought is how to pick it. After all, you're not doing those 15 people might not even be the ones who do it well. An angel round is not only quicker, but you get feedback as it progresses. There is such a thing is to treat individuals as interchangeable parts. The Men's Wearhouse. On average it would take to get new ones to move there. We thought Airbnb was a bad idea. But often it requires practically an act of rebellion against the organizations that employ them. The earlier you pick startups, the more completely a project can mutate.
Notes
It's also one of them. But I don't think you need to import is broader, ranging from 50 to 6,000 legitimate emails.
6/03 Nielsen study quoted on Google's site. But in most competitive sports, the term copyright colony was first used by Myles Peterson. Ironically, one could aspire to the biggest company of all.
It's hard for us, they very often come back; Apple can change them instantly if they seem to have kids soon. For example, the 2005 summer founders, like play in a place where few succeed is hardly free.
The kind of kludge you need to. They're still deciding, which merchants used to those. A round, no one else involved knows French.
They might not have to rely on cold calls and introductions. What should you do.
Most don't try to go away is investors requiring them.
For a long time. The nationalistic idea is the lost revenue. There is always 15 weeks behind the scenes role in IPOs, which amounts to the code you write for your protection.
As Clinton himself discovered to his surprise when, in the world, but less than the type of mail, I can't predict which these will be inversely proportional to the founders want to get going, and—e. They did try to make programs easy to imagine that there were some good ideas in the U.
It's not quite as harmless as we think we're so useless that in New York, and don't want to keep them from leaving to start a startup. Then you'll either get the money so burdensome, that all metaphysics between Aristotle and 1783 had been campaigning for the same in the evolution of the USSR offers a vivid illustration of that. That's why there's a continuum here.
They have no trouble getting hired by these companies when you had a strange feeling of being back in high school to be an inverse correlation between launch magnitude and success. You'd think they'd have taken one of few they had to work with founders create a portal for x.
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websitedevelopmenttoronto · 7 years ago
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5 Best Local WordPress Development Tools
If you’re a WordPress developer, you most likely do most of your add check environments. That way, you'll be able to tinker together with your plug-in, themes, and sites all you would like while not breaking something for real. the sole question is, that native WordPress development tools are the most effective fit your needs?
Choosing a setup will get sophisticated as a result of there are plenty of choices on the market. additional significantly, your progress can vary reckoning on your decision, thus it’s necessary to understand what your choices are and what options they provide you.
In this article, we’re reaching to introduce you to 5 of our favorite native WordPress development tools, including:
1, Desktop Server
Desktop Server may be a Windows and macOS tool that permits you to make multiple native WordPress websites employing a straightforward bit-by-bit wizard. Despite the very fact that there's a free version of the tool, you continue to ought to register to transfer it, that may be a little value to pay.
As way as easy use goes, native WordPress development tools don’t get a lot of easier than Desktop Server. once you set it up for the primary time, it'll install all the computer code it must power WordPress domestically. Then, you'll be able to re-run the program anytime you would like to make or delete a neighborhood WordPress website.
Desktop Server
Throughout the creation method, you'll be able to opt for that version of WordPress to put in for your website, yet as assign it a website name.
Overall, Desktop Server offers a practical expertise with only a few frills, however, that’s not essentially a foul issue. If all you’re searching for may be a straightforward tool that works faithfully, this could be a solid choice.
Key Features:
Includes a wizard to assist you originated new native WordPress websites.
Enables you to map domains to your native sites.
Lets you duplicate or delete your sites at any time.
Makes it doable to manage up to a few native sites, victimization the software’s free version.
Supports Apache, MySQL, and PHP 5.5.
When it involves options, the free version of Desktop Server is slightly restricted. There are many native WordPress development tools that supply additional powerful options to assist you to manage your sites (which we’ll cowl shortly), though they'll typically be overkill. As way as limiting factors go, we’d say the largest disappointment is that the undeniable fact that Desktop Server solely supports one variety of environment: associate Apache server running PHP five and MySQL.
To be fair, plenty of WordPress websites use that very same atmosphere. However, as a developer, you will need to own additional management over yours. If that’s the case, you’ll check up on a distinct choice.
 2. XAMPP
XAMPP is an associate signifier that stands for Apache, MariaDB, PHP, and Perl. In alternative words, it packs all the computer code you would like to run WordPress. This specific native development tool comes in 2 flavors: regular XAMPP and XAMPP-VM.
The former simply installs the computer code we tend to mentioned earlier in a very directory on your laptop, whereas the latter sets everything informed a UNIX Virtual Machine.
camp
The regular version of the computer code is on the market for Windows, Linux-based systems, and macOS. XAMPP-VM, on the opposite hand, is simply on the market for macOS. therewith in mind, we’re reaching to concentrate on the regular non-VM version of XAMPP for this comparison.
What XAMPP will is ready up a computer code stack on your laptop, however, it doesn’t assist you to install WordPress. The platform offers a number of standalone installers for numerous Content Management Systems (CMS), however, we’re adding a fan of doing things manually.
If you’re similar, then here’s what’s future for you once it involves putting in psd to responsive html WordPress with XAMPP.
The XAMPP dashboard.
For starters, you’ll need to originate the stack and check to create positive all the services are operating. Then, you’ll produce a information for your WordPress website, transfer the CMS’ latest version, unpack it, and put together one or two of files manually. solely then does one get to run the WordPress installer, and you’ll still need to map your new website to a website you'll be able to bear in mind (if you would like to PSD to WordPress conversion services).
Key Features:
Lets you originated a computer code stack as well as Apache, Maria DB, PHP, and Perl.
Provides the choice to select from multiple XAMPP versions, reckoning on that PHP unharnessed you would like to use.
Offers a VM-based native WordPress expertise, if you’re a macOS user and transfer the corresponding version.
Enables you to use an easy dashboard tool to manage all of your new services.
Makes it doable to line up WordPress manually, or use a standalone installer (if you would like to).
As a developer, you will appreciate that XAMPP permits you to induce your hands a small amount dirtier as compared with tools like Desktop Server. During this case, you get full management over every of your stack’s parts. as an example, you'll be able to begin and stop your Apache server at any time with one or two of clicks or map the service to completely different ports. You furthermore may get access to elaborated logs and additional.
XAMPP provides you with an ideal atmosphere to run PSD to HTML5 Responsive in WordPress, however, it’s not a service that’s tailored to the CMS. Which means you’ll tinker with some choices simply to line everything up. Moreover, things get a small amount sophisticated if you would like to use XAMPP to run quite one WordPress website at the same time. It’s in all probability nothing you can’t handle – however it’s additional work than employing a tool designed with WordPress in mind.
Overall, XAMPP offers an amazing level of customization wordPress web that permits you to try and do virtually something you would like, It’s not an excellent tool for beginners, however, and it isn’t the only answer to figure with.
 3. MAMP
In some ways, My Apache, MySQL, PHP (MAMP) is incredibly just like XAMPP. It’s conjointly a computer code stack that permits you to make WordPress websites (and the other variety of site).
The process of victimization this tool conjointly works simply a similar to our previous decision. You originated the stack, produce a information, then bear the motions of fitting WordPress manually. There with in mind, let’s concentrate on what the largest variations between each stack are.
First off, MAMP is on the market just for Windows and macOS. There are multiple versions to settle on from for every OS, reckoning on that version of PHP you would like to line up. Plus, you furthermore may get access to plenty of further computer code, as well as Python, Perl, php MyAdmin, and more.
To apply, this interprets to additional choices once it involves making native websites and applications. As way as PSD to WordPress Theme conversion goes, however, chances are high that you won’t use any of that computer code. However, they’re some nice extras to own, simply just in case you're employed on alternative sorts of homes that require them.
The biggest drawback to victimization MAMP versus XAMPP is that the previous doesn’t provide standalone installers for fashionable applications like WordPress. To be fair, that’s solely a limitation if you don’t prefer to originate websites manually. If that’s the case, you’re in all probability happier employing an additional efficient tool anyway.
Key Features:
Enables you to line up associate atmosphere supported Apache, MySQL, and PHP.
Lets you use completely different versions of the computer code, reckoning on that PHP unharnessed you would like to line up.
Supports plenty of further languages, as well as Python and Perl.
Provides the choice to line up native WordPress websites manually.
When it involves options, MAMP offers a small amount less management over every of your environment’s parts than XAMPP will. It conjointly comes with its own dashboard; however, it provides fewer choices. This distinction – on prime of all the others – makes it a superb alternative if you’re searching for a better tool to manage. You continue to get access to just about all similar options, however, MAMP is easier to induce accustomed.
4. Vagrant
So far, we’ve coated many native psd to wordpress theme development tools that are pretty similar. Now, it’s time, for one thing, a small amount completely different.
A vagrant may be a tool that permits you to run multiple virtual machines on your laptop, and use them as environments for your comes.
If you’ve ne'er used a program like Vagrant, you may assume that appears like an excessive amount of hassle.
vagrant
After all, you will have detected that you just would like a really powerful laptop to run multiple virtual machines. That’s somewhat true; however, it conjointly depends on what you would like to use those machines for. If we’re talking concerning native net development, then the system needs aren’t as steep.
Furthermore, Vagrant makes the complete atmosphere setup method a breeze. When putting in the computer code, you'll be able to plow ahead and transfer one in every of the numerous pre-configured ‘boxes’ its community has already created. If you would like to put in the right WordPress atmosphere with a number of clicks, you’ll have many fashionable boxes to select from. Chances are high that, you’ll realize one giving specifically what you would like.
A look at Vagrant from the program line.
You can conjointly give your own virtual machine, and use the program line to line things up specifically as you would like them. Then, you'll be able to share your atmosphere with each alternative member of your team. That way, you don’t all need to manipulate configuring computer code and stacks a similar method – Vagrant will it all for you.
Finally, we tend to attain the foremost necessary distinction between Vagrant and tools like XAMPP or MAMP. With the latter, you usually run the chance of putting in a bit of computer code that disrupts your environment’s setup. After all, you’re victimization your own laptop as a server. With a tool like Vagrant, every atmosphere exists severally at intervals your laptop. which means you'll be able to have a server running Nginx and another with Apache on 2 separate Vagrant machines, and not run into any problems.
Key Features:
Enables you to line up virtual machines for your native development wants.
Lets you put together every VM to your specifications, and share them with people.
Provides the choice to transfer pre-configured boxes and run them as you would like.
Helps you retain your check environments separated, and switch them on and off at can.
Makes it straightforward to manage all of your VMs victimizations the program line.
So far we’ve mentioned victimization the program line double, and there’s a reason for that. Vagrant is a completely command-line primarily based tool that’s on the market for Linux-based systems, Windows, and macOS. There aren't any fancy interfaces or dashboards now around, but – it’s simply the program line and you.
If you have got expertise in net development, chances are high that you’re comfy victimization the program line for many of your everyday tasks. On the opposite hand, learning the required commands to use Vagrant isn’t all that sophisticated. If you’re not accustomed to the program line nonetheless, you shouldn’t let that stop you.
 5. native by a regulator
None of the native PSD to Responsive WordPress tools we’ve coated up to now ar what you may think about too easy. Desktop Server is that the one that comes the highest, however, it’s defeated by the associate archaic interface. The others are powerful, however, they’re not significantly straightforward to use if you don’t have a background in development.
That’s why we’ve determined to spherical things off with native by the regulator.
Local by regulator
We’ve already written concerning native by regulator within the past. Back then, however, it had been solely on the market for macOS. Now, each Windows and macOS users have access to the current answer, and it’s still one in every of sleekest native WordPress  Ecommerce Website Design Development tools around.
The biggest draw comes from Local’s easy-to-use interface. fitting a brand new website is as straightforward as clicking on a button, then selecting a number of basic configurations.
Using native by the regulator.
During the method, you'll be able to choose between Nginx and Apache servers, yet as 2 versions of PHP (5 and 7). moreover, you get to map your new native website to a website promptly. Once your website is ready up, you’ll be able to access it from an easy list that features all of your alternatives comes. Clicking on any of them can alter you to review their settings, access their information, navigate to native directories, and more.
There’s even associate choice to produce live links for your native websites, which suggests you'll be able to share your progress with teammates or shoppers. Overall, native by regulator offers far and away the simplest expertise once it involves native WordPress development. it should not be as powerful as Vagrant, however, it makes up for it because of its accessibility.
Key Features:
Enables you to line up native WordPress websites with a number of clicks.
Lets you monitor the standing of all of your existing sites from an inventory.
Provides the choice to access your sites’ dashboards, databases, and native directories with a click.
Makes it doable to make live links, to share access to your native comes.
Offers the choice to line up blueprints, to simply deploy WordPress websites victimization the settings you favor.
When it involves options, everything that native by regulator offers is ready-made towards WordPress sites. fulfill it to mention, native may be a joy to use if you’re a WordPress enthusiast. it should not provide as several customization choices as Vagrant, as an example, however, they’re 2 entirely completely different tools. Whereas we’d suggest Vagrant additional for skilled groups, native is ideal for smaller outfits and comes with less strict needs.
0 notes
webdevelopmentcanada · 7 years ago
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5 Best Local WordPress Development Tools
If you’re a WordPress developer, you most likely do most of your add check environments. That way, you'll be able to tinker together with your plug-in, themes, and sites all you would like while not breaking something for real. the sole question is, that native WordPress development tools are the most effective fit your needs?
Choosing a setup will get sophisticated as a result of there are plenty of choices on the market. additional significantly, your progress can vary reckoning on your decision, thus it’s necessary to understand what your choices are and what options they provide you.
In this article, we’re reaching to introduce you to 5 of our favorite native WordPress development tools, including:
1, Desktop Server
Desktop Server may be a Windows and macOS tool that permits you to make multiple native WordPress websites employing a straightforward bit-by-bit wizard. Despite the very fact that there's a free version of the tool, you continue to ought to register to transfer it, that may be a little value to pay.
As way as easy use goes, native WordPress development tools don’t get a lot of easier than Desktop Server. once you set it up for the primary time, it'll install all the computer code it must power WordPress domestically. Then, you'll be able to re-run the program anytime you would like to make or delete a neighborhood WordPress website.
Desktop Server
Throughout the creation method, you'll be able to opt for that version of WordPress to put in for your website, yet as assign it a website name.
Overall, Desktop Server offers a practical expertise with only a few frills, however, that’s not essentially a foul issue. If all you’re searching for may be a straightforward tool that works faithfully, this could be a solid choice.
Key Features:
Includes a wizard to assist you originated new native WordPress websites.
Enables you to map domains to your native sites.
Lets you duplicate or delete your sites at any time.
Makes it doable to manage up to a few native sites, victimization the software’s free version.
Supports Apache, MySQL, and PHP 5.5.
When it involves options, the free version of Desktop Server is slightly restricted. There are many native WordPress development tools that supply additional powerful options to assist you to manage your sites (which we’ll cowl shortly), though they'll typically be overkill. As way as limiting factors go, we’d say the largest disappointment is that the undeniable fact that Desktop Server solely supports one variety of environment: associate Apache server running PHP five and MySQL.
To be fair, plenty of WordPress websites use that very same atmosphere. However, as a developer, you will need to own additional management over yours. If that’s the case, you’ll check up on a distinct choice.
 2. XAMPP
XAMPP is an associate signifier that stands for Apache, MariaDB, PHP, and Perl. In alternative words, it packs all the computer code you would like to run WordPress. This specific native development tool comes in 2 flavors: regular XAMPP and XAMPP-VM.
The former simply installs the computer code we tend to mentioned earlier in a very directory on your laptop, whereas the latter sets everything informed a UNIX Virtual Machine.
camp
The regular version of the computer code is on the market for Windows, Linux-based systems, and macOS. XAMPP-VM, on the opposite hand, is simply on the market for macOS. therewith in mind, we’re reaching to concentrate on the regular non-VM version of XAMPP for this comparison.
What XAMPP will is ready up a computer code stack on your laptop, however, it doesn’t assist you to install WordPress. The platform offers a number of standalone installers for numerous Content Management Systems (CMS), however, we’re adding a fan of doing things manually.
If you’re similar, then here’s what’s future for you once it involves putting in psd to responsive html WordPress with XAMPP.
The XAMPP dashboard.
For starters, you’ll need to originate the stack and check to create positive all the services are operating. Then, you’ll produce a information for your WordPress website, transfer the CMS’ latest version, unpack it, and put together one or two of files manually. solely then does one get to run the WordPress installer, and you’ll still need to map your new website to a website you'll be able to bear in mind (if you would like to PSD to WordPress conversion services).
Key Features:
Lets you originated a computer code stack as well as Apache, Maria DB, PHP, and Perl.
Provides the choice to select from multiple XAMPP versions, reckoning on that PHP unharnessed you would like to use.
Offers a VM-based native WordPress expertise, if you’re a macOS user and transfer the corresponding version.
Enables you to use an easy dashboard tool to manage all of your new services.
Makes it doable to line up WordPress manually, or use a standalone installer (if you would like to).
As a developer, you will appreciate that XAMPP permits you to induce your hands a small amount dirtier as compared with tools like Desktop Server. During this case, you get full management over every of your stack’s parts. as an example, you'll be able to begin and stop your Apache server at any time with one or two of clicks or map the service to completely different ports. You furthermore may get access to elaborated logs and additional.
XAMPP provides you with an ideal atmosphere to run PSD to HTML5 Responsive in WordPress, however, it’s not a service that’s tailored to the CMS. Which means you’ll tinker with some choices simply to line everything up. Moreover, things get a small amount sophisticated if you would like to use XAMPP to run quite one WordPress website at the same time. It’s in all probability nothing you can’t handle – however it’s additional work than employing a tool designed with WordPress in mind.
Overall, XAMPP offers an amazing level of customization wordPress web that permits you to try and do virtually something you would like, It’s not an excellent tool for beginners, however, and it isn’t the only answer to figure with.
 3. MAMP
In some ways, My Apache, MySQL, PHP (MAMP) is incredibly just like XAMPP. It’s conjointly a computer code stack that permits you to make WordPress websites (and the other variety of site).
The process of victimization this tool conjointly works simply a similar to our previous decision. You originated the stack, produce a information, then bear the motions of fitting WordPress manually. There with in mind, let’s concentrate on what the largest variations between each stack are.
First off, MAMP is on the market just for Windows and macOS. There are multiple versions to settle on from for every OS, reckoning on that version of PHP you would like to line up. Plus, you furthermore may get access to plenty of further computer code, as well as Python, Perl, php MyAdmin, and more.
To apply, this interprets to additional choices once it involves making native websites and applications. As way as PSD to WordPress Theme conversion goes, however, chances are high that you won’t use any of that computer code. However, they’re some nice extras to own, simply just in case you're employed on alternative sorts of homes that require them.
The biggest drawback to victimization MAMP versus XAMPP is that the previous doesn’t provide standalone installers for fashionable applications like WordPress. To be fair, that’s solely a limitation if you don’t prefer to originate websites manually. If that’s the case, you’re in all probability happier employing an additional efficient tool anyway.
Key Features:
Enables you to line up associate atmosphere supported Apache, MySQL, and PHP.
Lets you use completely different versions of the computer code, reckoning on that PHP unharnessed you would like to line up.
Supports plenty of further languages, as well as Python and Perl.
Provides the choice to line up native WordPress websites manually.
When it involves options, MAMP offers a small amount less management over every of your environment’s parts than XAMPP will. It conjointly comes with its own dashboard; however, it provides fewer choices. This distinction – on prime of all the others – makes it a superb alternative if you’re searching for a better tool to manage. You continue to get access to just about all similar options, however, MAMP is easier to induce accustomed.
4. Vagrant
So far, we’ve coated many native psd to wordpress theme development tools that are pretty similar. Now, it’s time, for one thing, a small amount completely different.
A vagrant may be a tool that permits you to run multiple virtual machines on your laptop, and use them as environments for your comes.
If you’ve ne'er used a program like Vagrant, you may assume that appears like an excessive amount of hassle.
vagrant
After all, you will have detected that you just would like a really powerful laptop to run multiple virtual machines. That’s somewhat true; however, it conjointly depends on what you would like to use those machines for. If we’re talking concerning native net development, then the system needs aren’t as steep.
Furthermore, Vagrant makes the complete atmosphere setup method a breeze. When putting in the computer code, you'll be able to plow ahead and transfer one in every of the numerous pre-configured ‘boxes’ its community has already created. If you would like to put in the right WordPress atmosphere with a number of clicks, you’ll have many fashionable boxes to select from. Chances are high that, you’ll realize one giving specifically what you would like.
A look at Vagrant from the program line.
You can conjointly give your own virtual machine, and use the program line to line things up specifically as you would like them. Then, you'll be able to share your atmosphere with each alternative member of your team. That way, you don’t all need to manipulate configuring computer code and stacks a similar method – Vagrant will it all for you.
Finally, we tend to attain the foremost necessary distinction between Vagrant and tools like XAMPP or MAMP. With the latter, you usually run the chance of putting in a bit of computer code that disrupts your environment’s setup. After all, you’re victimization your own laptop as a server. With a tool like Vagrant, every atmosphere exists severally at intervals your laptop. which means you'll be able to have a server running Nginx and another with Apache on 2 separate Vagrant machines, and not run into any problems.
Key Features:
Enables you to line up virtual machines for your native development wants.
Lets you put together every VM to your specifications, and share them with people.
Provides the choice to transfer pre-configured boxes and run them as you would like.
Helps you retain your check environments separated, and switch them on and off at can.
Makes it straightforward to manage all of your VMs victimizations the program line.
So far we’ve mentioned victimization the program line double, and there’s a reason for that. Vagrant is a completely command-line primarily based tool that’s on the market for Linux-based systems, Windows, and macOS. There aren't any fancy interfaces or dashboards now around, but – it’s simply the program line and you.
If you have got expertise in net development, chances are high that you’re comfy victimization the program line for many of your everyday tasks. On the opposite hand, learning the required commands to use Vagrant isn’t all that sophisticated. If you’re not accustomed to the program line nonetheless, you shouldn’t let that stop you.
 5. native by a regulator
None of the native PSD to Responsive WordPress tools we’ve coated up to now ar what you may think about too easy. Desktop Server is that the one that comes the highest, however, it’s defeated by the associate archaic interface. The others are powerful, however, they’re not significantly straightforward to use if you don’t have a background in development.
That’s why we’ve determined to spherical things off with native by the regulator.
Local by regulator
We’ve already written concerning native by regulator within the past. Back then, however, it had been solely on the market for macOS. Now, each Windows and macOS users have access to the current answer, and it’s still one in every of sleekest native WordPress  Ecommerce Website Design Development tools around.
The biggest draw comes from Local’s easy-to-use interface. fitting a brand new website is as straightforward as clicking on a button, then selecting a number of basic configurations.
Using native by the regulator.
During the method, you'll be able to choose between Nginx and Apache servers, yet as 2 versions of PHP (5 and 7). moreover, you get to map your new native website to a website promptly. Once your website is ready up, you’ll be able to access it from an easy list that features all of your alternatives comes. Clicking on any of them can alter you to review their settings, access their information, navigate to native directories, and more.
There’s even associate choice to produce live links for your native websites, which suggests you'll be able to share your progress with teammates or shoppers. Overall, native by regulator offers far and away the simplest expertise once it involves native WordPress development. it should not be as powerful as Vagrant, however, it makes up for it because of its accessibility.
Key Features:
Enables you to line up native WordPress websites with a number of clicks.
Lets you monitor the standing of all of your existing sites from an inventory.
Provides the choice to access your sites’ dashboards, databases, and native directories with a click.
Makes it doable to make live links, to share access to your native comes.
Offers the choice to line up blueprints, to simply deploy WordPress websites victimization the settings you favor.
When it involves options, everything that native by regulator offers is ready-made towards WordPress sites. fulfill it to mention, native may be a joy to use if you’re a WordPress enthusiast. it should not provide as several customization choices as Vagrant, as an example, however, they’re 2 entirely completely different tools. Whereas we’d suggest Vagrant additional for skilled groups, native is ideal for smaller outfits and comes with less strict needs.
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blake-anderson · 7 years ago
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Udacity Data Analysis Nanodegree Review
I’ve been really interested in improving my data skills, so when I came across the Data Analyst Nanodegree program from Udacity in December I thought I’d give it a shot. I really had fun with it. Here’s my recap of the 6 month (Term 1 & Term 2) Data Analyst Nanodegree course:
## Term 1 Term 1 is all about learning Python and it’s powerful data libraries, pandas and MatPlotLib. There’s also some SQL sprinkled in and a nice dose of statistics, but the focus is on the data analysis process with Python. This term was broken down into three parts: an introduction to Python, Data Analysis, and Statistics.
The first section, an introduction to python, consisted of learning the basics of Python using Jupiter notebooks. All of the essentials were covered: strings, functions, modules, arithmetic.  If you’re familiar with computer programming you’ll breeze through this section. The project was a simple data analysis on bike sharing using Python. Most of the project implementation details were scaffolded out, so it’s left up to the student to fill in the details. Overall, it was a nice introduction to start.
The second section was focused on learning the basics of SQL and investigating datasets using Python. I had a pretty good grasp on SQL before this course, so I didn’t spend very much time on this portion. But I should mention they did a great job covering all of the necessary commands and clearly explained some of the trickier bits, like joins and window functions. This section also went in depth on how to analyze data using Python. Understanding how to clean data with Pandas and plot it with MatPlotLib is the cornerstone of this nanodegree program, nearly everything in Term 2 is built off the foundational knowledge learned here, so don’t skip it if you’re going to be moving on. The project in this section was one of my favorites of the course: an investigation into datasets of your choosing. I chose to look at the effects of government health care spending on life expectancy and colon cancer.
The last section covered statistics. In it, we covered all the good stuff: regressions, confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, bootstrapping, and Bayes. I found the content to be well taught and thorough, but my biggest complaint about this section was it’s format and pacing.  The format of some of the videos and quizzes were noticeably different from everything else. Videos were very, very short which made it more difficult to let the topic flow, and many of the quizzes were unnecessary in the early setup of the problems. Even with its flaws, this was unquestionably one of the more useful sections of the nanodegree.
## Term 2 Term 2 consisted of Exploratory Data Analysis using R,  Data Wrangling, and Data Story Telling using Tableau. Upon completion of these three sections, you’re awarded the coveted nanodegree
Exploratory Data Analysis using R was the first section up in Term 2. It started off by going through the fundamentals of R, which aren’t that different from a programming language like Python, and learning about R Studio, the environment for development. This was my first exposure to R, and I thought it was fairly easy to pick up. There are a lot of similarities in syntax when analyzing/cleaning data between R and Python+Pandas. I found the main advantage of using R was the graphing tools. I was particularly impressed by the simplicity and power of `ggplot`. I found this section interesting, but not incredibly useful as it was essentially a repeat of section 2 of Term 1 except it used a different programming language (one that is declining in usage).
The second section of Term 2 focused on Data Wrangling/Cleaning. Nearly all of this was covered in section 2 of Term 1. The project required gathering, assessing, and cleaning a user’s twitter dataset. Really, nothing new here.
The last section of Term 2 was about Data Story Telling by using Tableau. I was really excited about this one but ended up pretty disappointed. I’d heard about Tableau many times when reading or discussing data analysis but had never had the chance to check it out. Its drag-and-drop interface was extremely easy to use and I really think this application could open up data analysis to more people, but I found this to be my biggest problem with it: this taught an application user interface instead of continuing, or reinforcing, data analysis knowledge that goes beyond an easy-to-use interface. I personally would have loved to see this section replaced by a more difficult SQL section or more advanced plotting with Python.
## Additional Notes * Udacity does provide nanodegree students with a “mentor.” I didn’t have any real need to use it, but I appreciated knowing that if I did get stuck there was someone I could talk to directly. * Term 1 would be really difficult for anyone that hasn’t done any computer programming. I’d highly recommend a foundations course before starting the nanodegree if you haven’t programmed before. * The timelines and due dates were generous. I rarely felt rushed and was able to accomplish nearly all of the course just on weekends. * Jupyter notebooks are incredible. This was my first time using them and dang do they make learning programming SO nice.
## My final advice: It’s worth it. Term 1 has better material, Term 2 has the certificate. If you’re exclusively looking to improve your data analysis skills, then only taking term 1 is sufficient. If you’re looking to improve your resume and go into the Data Analysis profession, then it’s hard to turn down Term 2 and the nanodegree certificate.
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espinr · 7 years ago
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Activ-IoTy Checkpoint: UHF RFID + RPi + Paho for Python
Update of the ActivIoTy project for the Eclipse Open IoT Challenge.
One of the most important pieces of Activ-IoTy is Checkpoints. This article is about an implementation of a checkpoint based on a IND903 UHF RFID Reader, connected to a Raspberry Pi (or a Intel Up Squared). The reader control and the checkpoint will be coded in Python. The MQTT Client is implemented using the Paho Python module. The libraries can be found in the repository.
It is important to understand that each competitor taking part in a competition is identified by two unique IDs: 1. the bib number: alphanumeric string that follows the organizers standards (it could be an alias, surname or bib number). In this case, an unsigned integer; and 2. an EPC (Electronic Product Code) corresponding to the RFID tag attached to their bib number. This tag follows the EPC C1G2 (Class 1 Generation 2) standard.
IND903 UHF RFID Reader
This checkpoint of ActivIoTy is configured to read RFID Gen 2 tags that identify competitors. In the case of running races, competitors will wear paper bib numbers with RFID tags attached to them.
The chosen solution is based on the IND903 UHF RFID reader module. The IND903 is a small reader module, operating in the 902-928MHz (US) frequency and 865.6-867.6MHz (Europe). It works over the EPC global UHF Class 1 Gen 2 (ISO 18000-6C) protocol through a USB serial Interface. The operating voltage (DC 3.5V – 5V), operating temperature (-20°C to +70°C), performance (50 tags per second during an inventory, and a label buffer of 200 labels), and low consumption (110mA at 3.5V – 18 dBm Output,25°C) makes this module appropriate for the requirements of the project.
Although the reader has a reading buffer, this pilot will use a command to perform real-time tags inventory. The default baud rate is 115200bps. Thus, at 115200 baud there is 86 microseconds between characters transmitted through the serial port. For this pilot we don't need more efficiency.
The EPC C1G2 RFID tags will store data that identifies competitors. The memory bank of tags stores several information fields, but the most interesting for us is the 96-bit EPC (Electronic Product Code). These unique codes are the ID for the athletes in the competition.
RFID Reading Serial Protocol
The RFID module implements a specific USB serial protocol. It brings along specific configuration software, and a SDK to control all the complete functions of the reader. The SDK is designed for the Windows platform and works nicely, but ActivIoTy aims at running on multi-platform devices. So, I had to build my own drivers adapted to the project needs.
Commands and responses consist of byte streams. The lengths of the streams are variable, and the packets are checked by checksum (function in the specs.
The pilot will implement some basic commands required for the project: * cmd_name_real_time_inventory: Inventory tags in real time mode. * cmd_name_get_firmware_version: Get firmware version. * cmd_name_set_work_antenna: Set working antenna.
The rest of the commands may be implemented afterwards. The reader will be configured in advance (operating frequency, address, etc.) with fixed values.
Sample of communication protocol during the operation of the reader:
Command 0x72 (get firmware version) sent to the reader:
> A0 03 01 72 EA
These 5 bytes correspond to: * A0: head (fixed) * 03: Length (starting from the third byte) * 01: Reader’s address * 72: Command * EA: Checksum (check all the bytes except itself)
The reader responds with this packet:
so, *v1.9* * `DE`: Checksum
In order to set the working antenna (in our case, it is the #01) we send the following packet:
Set antenna (antenna 1):
> A0 04 01 74 00 E7
A0: head (fixed)
04: Length
01: Reader’s address
74: Command
00: Data (00 = antenna #01)
E7: Checksum
The reader responds:
A0 04 01 89 01 D1
The reader reads a tag (one or several times). In case the reader detects a tag more than once the reader only send one packet. This is the sample packet we send to the RFID reader:
A0 0A 01 89 00 00 1D 00 00 00 01 BC
Bytes 10 and 11 represent the number of tags read. 00 01 one tag read.
Check the full specs of the IND903
Coding in Python
The driver to control the UHF RDIF module has been written in Python (v3 because of new features to work with raw bytes). This language was chosen to be able to operate with bytes easily. It is a lightweight language with multi-platform support and it's very easy to understand.
You can find all the Python classes and scripts in the repository. As mentioned before, not all commands are implemented but there are some classes that can be used to create packets, including checksums.
Do not rely too much on the scripts I created. Believe me, I tried my best, but it was my first experience with this language :)
The final running script will create a Checkpoint object that includes a Ind903Reader instance. The workflow will always be:
Set-up (set ID, address, port, etc.)
Check NTP time (set offset to the internal time clock)
Open serial USB port
Publish 'ready' message to the MQTT broker
Start inventory of tags (infinite loop: set antenna, start inventory, process reading) 5.1. Once a EPC is read, a message is published to the MQTT queue.
NTP client with ntplib module
ntplib module will is used to managing timestamps. The client will make a call during the setup to store the offset of the NTP time and the internal clock time.
ntplib is very intuitive and can be installed with PyPI pip3 install ntplib.
The implementation is pretty straightforward:
c = ntplib.NTPClient() response = c.request('europe.pool.ntp.org', version=3)
Implementation of a MQTT Client with Paho for Python
The MQTT client is implemented using the Python Paho module. Paho for Python provides a client class with support for both MQTT v3.1 and v3.1.1 on Python 2.7 (or 3.x in this case).
It can be installed easily via PyPI (pip install paho-mqtt or pip3 install paho-mqtt in my case).
This module provides some helper functions to make publishing one off messages to an MQTT server very straightforward. Publishing to the MQTT queue is as easy as this:
import paho.mqtt.publish as publish publish.single(“mytopic", “my message", hostname="test.mosquitto.org")
Since the platform will use two fixed topics (ready to indicate a checkpoint has joined the network and is in operation, and checkin to report competitor's presence or arrival at the checkpoint.
Before the device starts the inventory of competitors, the script publish a ready message, informing about the checkpoint station, following this structure:
message = { ‘checkpoint’ : ‘ID-CHECKPOINT’, ‘timestamp' : ‘NTP-UNIX-TIMESTAMP’, }
Once a competitor checks in (their identifier is detected), the RFID reader publish a checkin message to the MQTT broker with these data:
message = { ‘checkpoint’ : 'ID-CHECKPOINT’, ‘timestamp' : ‘NTP-UNIX-TIMESTAMP’, ‘competitor’ : { ‘epc’ : ‘HEX-ID-RFID-TAG' } }
Testing, testing
And, this is me, having fun and testing the system with real RFID tags in the kitchen:
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ptetest-blog · 8 years ago
Text
21 Must Have And Best Education Apps For Smart Students
New Post has been published on https://pte-english-test.com/21-must-have-and-best-education-apps-for-smart-students/
21 Must Have And Best Education Apps For Smart Students
21 Must Have And Best Education Apps For Smart Students
The upcoming time mandates the student population to use prodigious gadgets that stimulate technologically improved knowledge and refine their creative minds.
One has to accept the fact that several innovative Apps launched through the handsets significantly enhance the potential and garnish the raw ideas with additional beneficial information.
Both Apple and Android provide amazing set of programs and apps for college students that acts as a helping hand by offering a reincarnated or advanced learning process.
We are here to share 21 best Education apps for students,one must use once and forever after then.
1. Star Walk
Review : Extremely nice app! And what the H*ll, it might be a bit pricey with everything added up, but it just seems to do everything right! And the Info you get on Objects in friggin’ awesome!!! If I had one complaint, it would be to get a closer view of Satellites (see what they look like) and actually watch them.
2. EasyBib
Review : Oddly enough, my cheap phone is not having any of the issues everyone else is reporting. App working smoothly, camera did job in seconds. There are a few bugs & annoying things etc., and app hasn’t been updated in a while, but for me it does its job.
3. Ready4 SAT
Review : This app is LIT. Out of the three I’ve tried, Ready4 is the best! I tried 2 other BIG NAME SAT prep apps, and I regret wasting my time. Now, I’ve recommended Ready4 to three of my friends! We all are already doing better and the future seems brighter!
4. Dictionary.com
Those who are passionate to play with words, this application bring about a baggage of words and help you to make out easily through numerous tricky words. Dictionary.com makes you smarter to handle and receive the complicated meanings without giving a moon’s expression at the ones used by your friends that you might fail to understand occasionally.
5. Quizlet
Review : The new app is great! I get bored very easily by memorizing words, but this app makes it fun and easy to do it. I prefer this one to Duolingo app!
6. CamScanner
Review : It’s amazing working, any where,any time we can use, send mail r uploaded doc.for office purpose.without scanner mechine. Some times not available scanner that time we can use, scan clarity.very nice, photos pic if wants print it will get very dork. But its very clearly images/doc/photos will get printouts. No need of expenses I advise to everyone.
7. Learnist
Review : Good All around Good All around way to catch up on news, tech, movies, happenings, and more.
8. Due
You can think of the aptly-titled Due as a robust alarm clock, one that functions without an account or Internet connection. With Due, you can set reusable countdown reminders and implement both daily and weekly reminders that capitalize on nearly 60 alert tones. Moreover, reminders sync across your devices and automatically shift as you cross time zones.
9. Evernote
Review : For the past few weeks I noticed that Evernote was pretty buggy. Lots of notes synced incorrectly and some became duplicates of each other while deleting the other note. When I finally reached out to customer support, I was impressed with how hard they tried to fix the problem for me. They emailed back and forth to make sure that everything was back to normal and told me that they were aware of the problem and were working on finding a solution.
10. YouTube
Review : Stop changing the layouts and theme jesus christ. You’s are not making it easier for anyone to use the app if you keep changing everything that doesnt need to be changed. If you’s like change so much then might aswell add a theme/colour setting that people can change on their own. Because this update made youtube look ugly as hell.
11. Udemy
Review : Udemy is a great platform for accessing tutorials. However the app is very unreliable, it crashes frequently, and even though you’ve downloaded videos from a courses you occasionally get the message that offline content isn’t available. But when it works it’s quite decent, at least the downloaded courses are saved as .mp4 -files, so you can watch them when the app isn’t working.
12. SoloLearn
SoloLearn is a developer on Google Play. They have a large selection of learning apps that teach computer programming. They support web languages like HTML, more common languages like Java or C++, and even some more specialized stuff like Python. Each language has its own app and each app is completely free. Eventually, you’ll need to graduate to something a little more complex.
13. Math Duel: 2 Player Math Game
Review : I like it because my favorite subject is math. I love it because it helps us solve in mind faster and it is very challenging.
14. Screentime Ninja
Review : The basic idea behind this app is fun and attractive, using cute ninja girls and maths questions to motivate kids to earn more minutes. However, it is not as user-friendly as it could be. 1. Kids cannot “switch user” themselves without the parent’s password. So parents cannot leave the device to more than a kid when they need to leave the children alone.
15. Amazon Kindle
Review : If you’re a bookworm, this app is a life saver! As an Amazon prime customer, I get several good deals on books, some even free. This app also allows me to instantly sync ebooks checked out from my local library’s website. No more leaving the house and worrying about late fees if I forget to return on time! I’ve been using this for over year and love it!
16. Coursera
Review : While the option to download videos for offline use is wonderful, it would be even more wonderful if it worked reliably. Too often, when it’s time to access the videos, I get “Something is wrong with the downloaded video file. Would you like to re-download the file?” I’m usually not in a good downloading place.
17. Duolingo  
Review : Great app for language learning, also MOST IMPORTANTLY its encouraging. This is what I feel makes it so successful, because even when you make small spelling or accent errors it encourages you to try again, and thats what learning is all about! It also allows you to test your knowledge of the language frequently, AND the lingots you earn help you learn new phrases.
18. Khan Academy
Review : Mad people are calling this app boring. Leave studies no if you find study boring. This app has actually helped me in my AS and i don’t take tuitions because Khan Academy is everything. Thank you Sal Khan! The downloads are a bit buggy though.
19. Lynda
Review : Should add a Notes feature similar to desktop on this app. So users can take down notes when watching videos on the go. Will make it easier for us when there’s no need to switch between Lynda app and our phone’s Notes app.
20. Periodic Table
Review : LOVE the app but what’s not making it 5 stars is that the elements 113, 114, 115, 117 just been officially named and I would like the information on the elements updated to date with video.
21. StudyBlue
Review : I love study blue. It helps me in tutoring allot and tell me things that I wouldn’t know by just using flash cards
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