#refractometry

[tamilnadutest]

What are the methods of measuring refractive index?

The way light moves through a substance is determined by its refractive index. Various techniques are used to measure the refractive index, depending on the material and the degree of accuracy needed. As one of the best

1.Abbe Refractometer

2.Snell’s Law Method

3.Critical Angle Refractometry

4.Michelson Interferometer

5.Brewster’s Angle Method

6.Spectroscopic Ellipsometry

7.The Sellmeier and Cauchy’s Equations

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[testing-services]

Ensuring Label Accuracy: The Role of Alcohol Testing Labs in Compliance

In the global beverage, pharmaceutical, and personal care industries, accurate labeling is crucial for regulatory compliance and consumer trust. Alcohol content, whether in beverages, medicines, or cosmetics, must be precisely measured to ensure compliance with international and regional standards. This is where alcohol testing laboratories play a pivotal role. These specialized labs use advanced testing methodologies to verify the accuracy of alcohol content in various products, ensuring that manufacturers adhere to strict regulatory requirements.

Why Label Accuracy Matters

Label accuracy is not just a matter of consumer information—it is a legal requirement. Governments and regulatory bodies worldwide enforce strict labeling laws to ensure public safety, prevent misleading claims, and facilitate fair trade. Incorrect alcohol labeling can lead to:

Regulatory penalties and product recalls

Legal action against manufacturers

Loss of consumer trust and brand reputation

Health risks due to misleading information

Ensuring that alcohol content matches what is stated on the label is a primary responsibility of alcohol testing lab.

Key Regulatory Standards for Alcohol Labeling

Alcohol testing labs must comply with multiple regulatory standards depending on the region and industry. Some key standards include:

U.S. Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) – Regulates alcohol content in beverages and ensures compliance with federal labeling laws.

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) – Oversees the safety and labeling requirements of alcoholic beverages in Europe.

Gulf Standardization Organization (GSO) – Regulates alcohol content in various consumer products within the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).

ISO 17025 Accreditation – Ensures that alcohol testing laboratories meet international testing and calibration standards.

The Role of Alcohol Testing Laboratories in Ensuring Compliance

1. Verification of Alcohol Content

Alcohol testing labs perform detailed analyses to verify that the alcohol percentage stated on the product label matches the actual content. This is particularly important for alcoholic beverages, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, where variations can affect consumer health and regulatory approval.

2. Advanced Testing Techniques

To ensure label accuracy, alcohol testing labs use advanced methodologies, including:

Gas Chromatography (GC) – Separates and measures alcohol concentration with high precision.

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) – Used for analyzing complex samples, such as pharmaceutical and personal care products.

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) – Non-destructive testing method used for rapid alcohol content verification.

Density and Refractometry – Commonly used in beverage testing to confirm ethanol levels.

3. Compliance with International Standards

Alcohol testing laboratories work closely with manufacturers to ensure compliance with national and international regulations. By providing certified test results, these labs help businesses avoid legal disputes, fines, and recalls due to mislabeling.

4. Testing for Adulterants and Contaminants

Besides verifying alcohol content, labs also test for contaminants and adulterants that could impact product safety and legality. This is particularly crucial in the food and beverage industry, where alcohol quality directly affects consumer health.

5. Support for Export and Import Compliance

For manufacturers exporting alcoholic beverages or pharmaceutical products, alcohol testing labs provide essential documentation that verifies product compliance with the destination country’s regulations. This facilitates smooth customs clearance and prevents shipment rejections.

Challenges in Alcohol Content Testing

Despite advancements in alcohol testing, laboratories face several challenges:

Variability in testing methods across regions – Different countries have different approved methodologies, making standardization difficult.

Need for high-precision equipment – Small variations in alcohol content can lead to regulatory non-compliance.

Evolving regulatory requirements – Frequent updates in global standards require labs to stay constantly updated.

Complexity of multi-ingredient products – Some beverages and pharmaceuticals contain multiple alcohol types, requiring advanced testing procedures.

Choosing the Right Alcohol Testing Lab

Selecting a reliable alcohol testing laboratory is crucial for businesses that need to ensure label accuracy and regulatory compliance. Consider the following factors:

Accreditation and Certification – Ensure the lab has ISO 17025 accreditation and compliance with industry-specific regulations.

Testing Capabilities – Verify that the lab uses advanced testing methods like GC, HPLC, and NIR spectroscopy.

Turnaround Time – Speed is critical, especially for businesses that require fast testing for production and exports.

Industry Expertise – A lab with experience in your specific industry (beverages, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics) will provide more accurate and relevant results.

Conclusion

Alcohol testing laboratories play a vital role in ensuring label accuracy, regulatory compliance, and consumer safety. By using advanced analytical techniques and adhering to strict international standards, these labs help manufacturers avoid legal complications, maintain consumer trust, and successfully market their products globally. Whether in the beverage, pharmaceutical, or personal care industry, working with a reliable alcohol testing lab is essential for maintaining high-quality standards and ensuring that all products meet regulatory requirements.

[devinemeditech]

Auto-refractometer

An autorefractometer, either alone or in conjunction with a keratometer, is a valuable instrument for determining the degree of refractive error in the eye. It can be used to differentiate between corneal and lenticular aberrations and to assess patients both pre- and post-refractive surgery.

An optometer, also known as an auto-refractor, is a device that helps with the automated assessment of refraction. This is an alternative method of measuring the refraction error to the conventional refractive technique. Optometry or refractometry is the term for the procedure. Different auto-refractors have different functions and are based on different underlying principles. In pediatric ophthalmology and for people with disabilities who require spectacles, optometrists and ophthalmologists use the following indications to perform subjective refraction: myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, prescriptions for spectacles, and prescriptions for contact lenses.

Apart from discussing the different commercially accessible subjective and objective auto-refractors, this activity provides information to medical practitioners who handle eye conditions that can be managed with auto-refractors. This advanced optical instrument is utilized in optometry and ophthalmology to determine an eye's refractive error. Blurred or distorted vision is a common result of the eye's inability to focus light correctly, known as refractive error. Contact lenses or prescription eyeglasses are frequently used to correct this error.

By measuring how well an eye focuses light, the auto-refractometer determines a person's refractive error automatically. An essential component of eye exams, this tool is particularly helpful for obtaining quick and accurate assessments.

Features

7.0 inch colour touch screen

 Auto tracking(Y axis)

 Motorized chin rest and joystick

 Built-in thermal printer

 One key lock function

 Data transferred facility available to Sight Tester/ Phoropter.

Its objectives are to review the auto-refractor's indications, a brief explanation of the various types of auto-refractors and their operating principles, give an overview of the auto-refractor's clinical importance and also describe the auto-refractor's distracting elements.

What uses does an auto refractometer serve?

During an eye exam, a computer-controlled instrument called an autorefractometer, sometimes referred to as an automated refractor, measures a person's refractive error objectively and determines their prescription for glasses or contact lenses. This is achieved by monitoring how light changes as it enter a person's eye.

What is the autorefraction method?

Testing an autorefractor is quite simple. In the autorefractor, as a patient, you rest your chin on a chin rest and look at an image with each eye separately. The image wavers in and out of focus until measurements verify that the image is exactly on the retina.

Conclusion

Due to its ability to measure refractive error quickly, objectively, and accurately, the auto-refractometer is an indispensable tool in modern eye care. When it is incorporated into eye exams, it improves the effectiveness of the diagnostic procedure, which in turn provides patients with more effective vision correction options. This activity provides information to medical professionals who treat ocular disorders that can be treated with auto-refractors by covering the various commercially available subjective and objective auto-refractors. By measuring how the eye focuses light, the auto-refractometer automates the process of calculating an individual's refractive error. This instrument is a crucial component of eye exams because it is particularly helpful in providing rapid and accurate assessments.

Read more- https://devinemeditech.com/auto-refractometer.php

[ems-thecoffeeguy]

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A post shared by Emilio | Coffee Consultant (@london_barista)

Measuring roasting levels with the @lighttells to determinate colours spectrum in Agtrons units.📉📊📍📝 ##coffeeprotocols #cupping #introductiontocoffee #coffeebrewing #refractometry #scabrewing #profiling #learning #brewingratio #coffeeroasting #specialitycoffeeassociation #londonbarista #innovation #baristatime #barista #education #SCA #scatrainer #coffee  #asttrainer #brewing #specialitycoffee #worldbarista #cooperation  #Cafe #coffeetrainer #thirdwavecoffee #travelbarista #londonbarista (at Richmond Upon Thames, Surrey, United Kingdom)

[vyo4]

Steampunk Skeletons

Eureka! Watch this cathode gauge as I increase the voltage of the Roentgen rays - we get a fantastic refractometry reaction! No bones about, we're onto a very important discovery!

What would happen if we doubled the actinism on our encephalogram device? Wait too much! Too much!

*BOOM*

It's a wonder we survived the blast, yet we could feel it in our bones that something just wasn't quite right.

Shared 8/9/2021 Sims 4 GALLERY LINK

[studyingchemeng]

03.05.20 I 10/100 days of productivity

in the morning, i had a very interesting lab in refractometry in food analycis and honestly this was the only ‘productive’ part of my day...then i had a four hour depression nap and tried to force myself to write my lab report...yah that didn’t work out.... eating snacks and of course some chocolate helped not to feel so bad...It is perfectly ok to have days like that, I know it!... I just need too accept it 

Hope you are safe and healthy! <3 

🎵 fucked up all the time - Cian Ducrot

[espship18]

If WayV had super powers: Ten

Howdy everyone ^-^ So, here we have part two of the series! Enjoy ^^ Again a disclaimer, I found the pictures that inspired this series here (: 

Kun/Ten/Winwin/Lucas/Xiaojun/Hendery/Yangyang

Ten: Refractometry 

Pink: Self-care, empathy, and healing 

Refractometry: A term used in radiology meaning an instrument that determines the refractive index(such as density, temperature, or wavelengths) of a substance/object

Ten’s would have the ability to look through someone and basically take different measures of an individuals vitals

Examples: sensing someone’s stress levels, someone’s emotions, and even peoples romance levels- all of these examples simply based off of vitals such as heart rate, temperature, blood pressure, ect. 

Unlike Kun’s ability, Ten can not heal people or even animals, but he would be the ideal candidate for a therapist

Ten would know how to touch someone and work out their problems, lowering the stress levels of that induvial 

Ten could also use his ability for mischievous acts, such as being flirty with almost everyone he see’s 

He also will poke and joke at either his fellow NCT members, and he’d enjoy teasing them until the point where they’re about to blow a gasket

I think that this ability would be considered a little unstable 

With the ability to see how far you could push someone, the individual with this ability would have to go through training 

Empathy it also an important to have if you possess this ability, and Ten does have good empathy

The ability could be abused if the holder is unempathetic

So all the more reason as to why he should cradle this ability (: 

~STA

[foresightintl]

Purchase High Quality Associated Optometry Equipment

Optometry is a field that requires a range of specialized equipment to diagnose, treat, and manage eye and vision problems. Here is a comprehensive guide to the equipment used in optometry:

Slit Lamp: A slit lamp is an essential piece of equipment used in optometry to examine the anterior segment of the eye. It uses a high-intensity light source to illuminate the eye, and a binocular microscope to magnify the image. This equipment can help diagnose corneal abrasions, conjunctivitis, cataracts, and glaucoma.

Phoropter: A phoropter is a device that helps determine a patient's refractive error. It has different lenses that can be rotated into position to test the patient's vision. The phoropter is used during a comprehensive eye exam to measure the patient's prescription for glasses or contact lenses.

Auto Refractor/Keratometer: An auto refractor is a computerized device that measures the refractive error of the eye by analyzing the reflection of light from the retina. It can quickly and accurately measure the patient's prescription for glasses or contact lenses. A keratometer is a device that measures the curvature of the cornea, which is important for fitting contact lenses.

Tonometer: A tonometer is a device used to measure intraocular pressure (IOP), which is important in the diagnosis and management of glaucoma. There are several types of tonometers, including the Goldmann applanation tonometer and the non-contact tonometer.

Ophthalmoscope: An ophthalmoscope is a handheld device used to examine the inside of the eye, including the retina, optic nerve, and blood vessels. It allows the optometrist to see any abnormalities such as retinal detachment, macular degeneration.

Why should you use associated optometry equipment

Associated optometry equipment can be crucial in providing accurate and efficient eye care services. Here are some reasons why you should use associated optometry equipment:

Accuracy: Associated optometry equipment is designed to provide accurate and precise measurements of the eyes and their components. This can help ensure that your patients receive the correct diagnosis and treatment.

Efficiency: Optometry equipment can help you save time and increase your productivity by streamlining your workflow. For example, automated refractors can quickly and accurately measure a patient's refractive error, reducing the need for manual refractometry.

Diagnostic capabilities: Optometry equipment can provide valuable diagnostic information that can help you identify and manage a wide range of eye conditions. For example, optical coherence tomography (OCT) can provide detailed images of the retina and help diagnose conditions like glaucoma and macular degeneration.

Improved patient experience: Using optometry equipment can help create a more comfortable and positive experience for your patients. For example, modern autorefractors use a non-invasive method to measure refractive error, reducing patient discomfort.

Professional image: Using modern and advanced equipment can help enhance your professional image and reputation. Patients may perceive you as more knowledgeable and trustworthy if they see that you are using up-to-date equipment.

Overall, associated optometry equipment can help improve the quality of care you provide to your patients while also improving your practice's efficiency and professional image.

[seaophthalmic]

10 Best Autorefractor to Use for Your Clinic

An auto-refractor, also known as an optometer, is a device that aids in automated refraction measurement. In contrast to the traditional refractive approach, this is an alternate way of determining the refraction error. The technique is known as refractometry or optometry.

Depending on the fundamental concept, auto-refractors can be of numerous forms. Myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, spectacle prescription, and contact lens prescription are the various indications for performing optometry, which serve as a starting point for subjective refraction for ophthalmologists and optometrists in pediatric refraction and people with a disability requiring spectacles.

It discusses the numerous subjective and objective auto-refractors that are commercially accessible, as well as information for healthcare clinicians who work with ocular illnesses that auto-refractors can treat.

Let us have a look at the ten best autorefractor which are easy to use and produce accurate results.

https://www.seaophthalmic.com/10-best-autorefractor-to-use-for-your-clinic/

[unabashedparadisewerewolf]

What is the use of auto refractometer?

Auto refractometer is used to determine an individual’s prescription by measuring how light is affected as it reflects through the eyeball. The process is quick and painless for the patient, and the data ensures a baseline to determine the correct eyeglass or contact lens prescription.

What is Autorefractor keratometer?

Autorefractor/keratometers (ARKs) are computerized devices that provide both refractive testing and keratometry measurements. This allows eyecare professionals to determine both a baseline for the patient’s prescription as well as the curvature of the cornea for contact lenses.

What is Autorefractometry?

INTRODUCTION S Refractometry is the estimation of refractive error with a machine, called refractometer or optometer. S Automated Refractometers (AutoRefractors) are designed to objectively determine the refractive error & are of various types depending upon the underlying principle they are based on.

How does a refractometer work?

Refractometers measure the degree to which the light changes direction, called the angle of refraction. A refractometer takes the refraction angles and correlates them to refractive index (nD) values that have been established. Measurements are read at the point where the prism and solution meet.

Chart Projector

The chart projector is an AC-powered device intended to project an image on a screen for vision testing.

Ophthalmic examination chart projector including a rotatable chart carrying disc and a mask plate which are co-axial with each other. A light source and a projecting lens assembly are provided for projecting one of the charts on the disc and one of the mask openings onto a screen. An index tube is rotatably mounted in the projecting optical path and carrying a colored filter on the inner periphery thereof. Thus, an astigmatic index can be projected on the peripheral portion of the astigmatic examination chart. The chart carrying disc, the mask plate and the astigmatic index tube can be controlled by knobs all provided on the front panel of the projector.

Handheld Autorefractors

There are important applications for a handheld autorefractor in the clinical setting. A portable but powerful handheld autorefractor such as the SVOne (Smart Vision Labs; Figure 1) can be used in place of a desktop unit if, for instance, the desktop unit malfunctions or needs servicing. The SVOne adds flexibility to the clinic because it is transportable. This can improve patient flow dynamics, taking the testing modality to the patient rather than having the patient leave the exam room to go to a testing station. A handheld autorefractor serves to relieve bottlenecks if a testing station is occupied; it also allows clinicians to carry the technology to satellite offices that may not have the same diagnostic equipment as the main office.

Where a handheld autorefractor such as the SVOne could have its greatest impact, however, is in teleophthalmology settings. In certain rural areas, there are coverage gaps where patients often have to travel great distances to be seen by an eye care provider. Using the SVOne, which is a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor affixed to an iPhone, it would not take much to design a protocol to remotely screen patients to detect refractive errors in need of follow-up.

Understanding and caring for a lensmeter

A lensmeter or lensometer is an instrument used to verify the prescription of eyeglasses or spectacles. Many lensmeters can also verify the power of contact lenses with the addition of a special lens support. The values obtained from a lensmeter are the values specified on the patient's eyeglass prescription: sphere, cylinder, axis, add, and in some cases, prism. It is commonly used prior to an eye examination to obtain the last prescription the patient was given, in order to expedite the examination.

In one commonly used type of lensmeter the target seen through the eyepiece consists of a set of three wide lines with wide spacing between them and another set of three narrow lines with smaller spacing between them. These two sets of lines intersect at right angles. The closely spaced lines represent the sphere component of lens power and the thicker, widely spaced lines represent the cylinder power. In the case of a spherical lens, all of the lines of the target will focus at the same time, while in the case of a sphero-cylindrical lens, the lines will focus separately at different power drum readings (see illustration).

In another type of lensmeter, a series of light dots forming a circle is used as a target instead of the two sets of parallel lines described earlier. If a spherical lens is measured, the circle remains a circle and the power drum is adjusted to obtain a sharp image of the dots. For sphero-cylindrical lenses the dots, when focused, will display a sharp ellipse. The major and minor axes of the ellipse can be read on the scale provided in the instrument.

Autophoropter

A phoropter is a machine that stores all the range of lenses optometrists use to check your eye’s prescription. These are traditionally operated by hand to rotate different lenses into place. An autophoropter is exactly what it sounds like - it automates this process, so that during your eye exam your optometrist will only need to press buttons on a remote control to change to any combination of different lenses. This speeds up the time it takes to work out your prescription leaving more time to thoroughly check the health of your eyes and discuss other aspects of your vision. The autophoropter head can also test a range of near vision aspects to ensure your multifocals and bifocals give you the appropriate focus.

Trial Frame

Trial frame refracting for the primary-care optometrist may seem low tech in today's electronic driven world. Aside from its use by low vision specialists like myself, few still utilize it, as the phoropter, and, more recently, the automated phoropter have pretty much taken its place. That said, you should consider reacquainting yourself with trial frame refracting because the aging population (those age 65 and older) is on the rise, increasing the need for this classic technology.

In fact, the aging population comprised 39.6 million of the U.S. population in 2009, according to the Administration on Aging, (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services). Specifically, they represented 12.9% of the U.S. population — roughly one in every eight Americans. This is a growth of 5% from 2000. Further by 2030, about 19%, or 72.1 million, older persons will comprise our country.

Ophthalmoscope

Ophthalmoscopy (also called fundoscopy) is a test that lets a doctor see inside the back of the eye, which is called the fundus. The doctor can also see other structures in the eye. He or she uses a magnifying tool called an ophthalmoscope and a light source to see inside the eye. The test is done as part of an eye exam. It may also be done as part of a routine physical exam.

The fundus has a lining of nerve cells called the retina. The retina detects images that pass through the clear, outer covering of the eye, called the cornea. The fundus also contains blood vessels and the optic nerve.

Different Types of Retinoscopes

There are two different types of retinoscopes: the spot retinoscope and streak retinoscope.

History of the Spot Retinoscope

The earliest pioneers created their own mirrors with a slit in the middle to convert the spot into a linear beam. The first electric, self-illuminated retinoscope was developed in 1901 by Wolff. This device included a tiny bulb that directed a spot of light into the eye. Later, different models resulted in the spot being reflected by a plane mirror, or less commonly, a concave mirror.

History of the Streak Retinoscope

The father of the streak retinoscope was Jack C. Copeland. After dropping and damaging the bulb on his Wolff Spot retinoscope, Copeland ‘invented’ the first variable vergeance streak retinoscope and patented it in 1927. This instrument produced a linear beam that could rotate throughout the ocular medians.

Spot Retinoscope vs Streak Retinoscope

Both types of retinoscopes can be used to perform different retinoscopy techniques. Because astigmatic eyes create a linear fundus reflex, a streak of light or rectangular beam may be more useful in detecting astigmatism — instead of a spot retinoscope.

The streak retinoscope includes both a plano mode and converging mode. For most types of retinoscopy, the streak instrument should be used in plano mode. In contrast, the spot retinoscope only has plano mode, so there’s no adjustment needed to perform many of the dynamic retinoscopy techniques.

Whenever the streak retinoscope is in plano made, it’s basically a spot with the sides cut off. The streak retinoscope offers less illumination, while the optical phenomenon taking place away from the center of the streak is obscured. It’s more difficult to observe subtle changes in the brightness or color or alterations in the cylinder. Simply put, the spot retinoscope may offer more information.

Since the development of the spot and streak retinoscope, innovation has paved the way for stronger, more robust equipment. And Keeler Ophthalmic Instruments has remained on the forefront of innovation. For more than 100 years, Keeler has been manufacturing ophthalmic instruments, and today Keeler offers several world-class ophthalmic instruments to further advance your ability to detect and diagnose conditions of the eye.

[pius2017]

(Continuation of 1.) Based on your conclusion in 1., which of the following is true?

(Continuation of 1.) Based on your conclusion in 1., which of the following is true?

Please provide step by step solution for these questions. Thank you. 1. An article in Food Testing and Analysis “Improving Reproducability of Refractometry Measurements of Fruit Juices” (1999, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 13-17) measured the sugar concentration (Brix) in clear apple juice. All measurements were taken at 20°C: 11.48, 11.45, 11.48, 11.47, 11.48, 11.50, 11.42, 11.49 Test the hypothesis H:u=…

[kerone-engineering]

Method for Moisture Analysis Techniques

Many industries, including the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical product industries, rely heavily on precise information of the moisture content of their products as a part of quality control. Such measurements required to be fast and reproducible in order to permit for immediate correction of the work flow if any flaw appears in the final product. Both direct and indirect methods are used. Only the direct methods actually measure the moisture content; the indirect techniques only calculate it from alternative indirect indicators.

Direct Methods :

Many devices for LOD measurement use the thermo gravimetric principle. This uses the total loss of weight incurred by the sample on drying to calculate the moisture content.

Drying ovens are based on convection heating of the sample by circulating hot air. Sometimes a vacuum is added to speed up the drying process.

Infrared radiation is used in many moisture analysers, such as halogen moisture analysers which are used to produce infrared radiation from a halogen lamp. The weight of the sample is measured and recorded continuously and once it becomes constant the drying is stopped.

Microwave radiation is also an extremely rapid method of drying up a sample but the temperatures achieved are very high, making it suitable only for very thermostable materials. Larger samples can be used but the level of control of heating is reduced. Like the infrared method, the sample is typically destroyed by the analysis. It is also not useful if the moisture content is below 2%.

Developing a Method :

In all these cases, a method must be developed. This refers to setting the parameters such as time, drying temperature, and the weight of the sample, according to the requirement for each sample. This can be saved as a program for the next measurement of a similar sample. This type of adjustment is necessary to achieve values which agree with those set by the reference methods, such as the oven drying method or the Karl Fischer titration method, whichever is used. In other cases, a deviation is acceptable as long as it is measured and repeatable with each measurement.

Other Physical Methods :

Phosphorous Pentoxide Method – In this method, phosphorous pentoxide is placed with the sample in a closed container which is then heated. Phosphorous pentoxide is a powerful desiccating agent if placed in proximity to materials with which it is chemically non-reactive. It absorbs water from the sample. The final increase in weight of the chemical is measured to give the moisture content of the desiccated sample. Phosphorous pentoxide is a dangerous chemical.

Distillation – Another method of moisture determination is inexpensive but uses toxic solvents while yielding only relatively accurate results. It is based upon separating and measuring the moisture directly after separating it from the sample by heating.

Chemical Methods for Moisture Analysis :

Karl Fischer Titration – The most accurate and specific method for determining the water content of a substance is Karl Fischer (KF) titration. It is based upon the reaction of iodine with sample water, in presence of alcohol solvent, sulfur dioxide, and a base. It uses up the total sample water, including the water of crystallization and surface absorbed water, in the redox reaction.

Calcium Carbide Method – The calcium carbide method is cost-effective and uses a combination of materials to react with water. The end product is potentially explosive, and so the method requires great care. Moreover, the total water in the sample does not take part in the reaction and this means that repeated calibration is a necessity.

Other Methods :

These include gas chromatography, density determination, and refractometry.

Indirect Methods :

These are based upon taking measurements of moisture in different grains of the sample by a moisture sensor, for example, which are then used to calculate the moisture content of the sample. An advantage is that instant measurements are taken and thus changes in the moisture content can be monitored over time.

We at KERONE have a team of experts to help you with your need for Moisture Analysis in various products range from our wide experience. For any query write us at info@kerone.com or visit www.kerone.com

[ems-thecoffeeguy]

Morning of QC and calibration using this Karagoto by @timwendelboe Kenyan multi varietal 1:13/26 gr/340out/1.46TDS/19.5%✓✓ #baristabreakfast #morningbrew #timwendelboe #coffeebrewing #refractometry #scabrewing #profiling #learning #brewingratio #coffeeroasting #specialitycoffeeassociation #londonbarista #innovation #baristatime #barista #education #SCA #scatrainer #coffee  #asttrainer #brewing #specialitycoffee #worldbarista #cooperation  #Cafe #coffeetrainer #thirdwavecoffee #travelbarista #london (at London, United Kingdom)

[opticaeugen]

Consultatii oftalmologice complete! Medic chirurg oftalmolog Miculita Liliana Programari la telefon 0256 491 603 Adresa str.General Dragalina nr.19 - Determinarea acuitatii oculare (cu si fara picaturi) - Biomicroscopia polului anterior- Tensiunea intraoculara- Prescriptie de medicamente si tratamente- Prescriptie personalizata de ochelari- Prescriptie de lentile de contact (moi sau dure)- Fotografia computerizata a fundului de ochi si realizarea unui registru electronic pentru fiecare pacient- Ecografie oculara- Campimetrie computerizata- Presiune intraoculara- Refractometrie.

[ijtsrd]

A Clinical Study on Vrisha Gritha Aschyothana and Paana in the Management of Prathamapatalagata Timira

by P Chandana | Bhat Gururaj Anil | M J Ashwini ""A Clinical Study on Vrisha Gritha Aschyothana and Paana in the Management of Prathamapatalagata Timira""

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26426.pdf  

Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ophthalmology/26426/a-clinical-study-on-vrisha-gritha-aschyothana-and-paana-in-the-management-of-prathamapatalagata-timira/p-chandana

call for paper papers in journals, call for paper in ugc approved journals

Forty diagnosed cases of Prathama Patalagata Timira Simple myopia were and registered for clinical study irrespective of gender, socioeconomic status and religion with an aim to know the efficacy of Vrisha Gritha Aschyothana topical eye drops and Paana internal medication . The study was open labeled single arm clinical study, managed with Aschyothana for 7 days and Paana for 60 days. To present the study in a scientific manner criteria's were made Avyaktha Darshana Poor vision for distance , Auto Refractometry, Visual efficiency by Snellen's chart for assessment and statically evaluation. Obtained results were found to be significantly effective. 

[researchreportinsight]

Refractometer Market Analysis, Key Manufacturers, Sales, Demand and Forecasts 2025

28 January 2019 - Global Refractometer Market has been witnessing a transitional phase in the recent years. Refractometer is an instrument used to measure refractive index of materials. Constant advances in technologies and instant growth in infrastructural advancement have triggered the growth of refractometer market.

Functionally, there are two types of handheld refractometers namely, analog & digital which work on the principle that light passing through a prism has genuine characteristics. Such characteristics are known as BRIX. When light passes through a dry prism, the view remains to be blue in an analog refractometer. On the contrary, a digital refractometer throws an error message. Both the types reveal that light is not being interfered with as it goes through prism.

View Full Report with TOC @ https://www.millioninsights.com/industry-reports/refractometer-market

Other functions of refractometer comprise determination of sample by comparing refractive index to initial known values. Besides, assessing the genuineness of sample by comparing refractive index to the value for pure substance and recognizing the concentration of a solute in a solution in comparison to solution’s refractive index to a standard curve.

Commercially, refractometers are mainly used for measuring substances in solutions specifically in sugar or salty solutions. Therefore, growing inclination of consumers towards nutritional information among food products leads to developing measures to analyze such information. Hence, with such anticipation and initiatives, the refractometer market is expected to rise at a higher CAGR during the forecast period.

The key driving factors responsible for the growth of refractometer market include rise in technological developments resulting into automatic measures for analyzing refractometry. Additionally, parametric analysis with quality in food & beverage products also enhances market growth during the forecast period. However, proper adjustment concerned with manufacturers as it leads to low adoption among end users which hampers the market growth during the forecast period. Overall, rising interest of investors, favorable funding by government and growing trend of automation are likely to project positive outcomes in upcoming years.

Refractometer market is segmented into portable and benchtop refractometers, based on type. Refractometer market is segmented into gemology, food processing, oil industry, pharmaceuticals, paint, research center, sugar refineries and schools based on end-use. Refractometer market is segmented into traditional handheld refractometers, laboratory refractometers, inline refractometers and digital refractometers. Digital refractometers segment is expected to rise at a higher CAGR during the forecast period.

Refractometer market spans North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle-East & Africa. North America is anticipated to rise at a higher CAGR during the forecast period owing to inclination towards adoption of refractometers to analyze food & beverage industry. The key players in the refractometer market include Anton Paar GmbH, Mettler-Toledo International Inc., Rudolph Research Analytical, Hanna Equipments India Pvt. Ltd., and Xylem Analytics.

Market Segment:

The major manufacturers covered in this report

• Reichert

• A.KRuSS Optronic

• AFAB Enterprises

• Xylem

• Rudolph Research

• Schmidt+Haensch

• Mettler Toledo

• K-Patent Oy

• Hanna Instruments

• Optika Srl

• Anton Paar

• ARIANA Industrie GmbH

• Auxilab

Geographically, this report studies the top producers and consumers, focuses on product capacity, production, value, consumption, market share and growth opportunity in these key regions, covering

• North America

• Europe

• China

• Japan

• Southeast Asia

• India

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