#skydog

[rastronomicals]

March 19:

On this date in 1962, Bob Dylan released their self-titled debut album.

And,

on this date in 2013, Duane Allman, or at least the people with the rights, released his career-spanning anthology, Skydog.

[parallelthebatart]

[C] // kimza.bsky.social

Finished ref sheet for kimza!

Posted using PostyBirb

[thegreenhorseman]

The Sunday Review: Life as a Dressage Trainer in Three Countries

“In the end, everything has always been about the horses…and credit must also be given to my dear, tight-fisted father, who demanded I continue my lessons despite my first day’s disaster at the riding school-so he could get his money’s worth!” ― Gunnar Ostergaard: Life as a Dressage Trainer in Three Countries When I was a young girl I loved to read. I would read all day and into the night.…

[thezonestalker]

Probably the greatest Live Rock Album of all time. (IMHO).

[barnsburntdownnow]

San Jose and Black Beauty Wild at Heart Images McCullough Peaks, Wyoming, 2023 This bonded stallion and mare were removed from the range in 2024, and now reside together at Skydog Sanctuary.

[horseswithnames]

"Blue Zeus" currently residing at Skydog Sanctuary with his mares Red Desert, Wyoming

Photo by Living Images by Carol Walker

[para-droid]

Cyberpunk self design work - C. Skydog

[laird-o-gerblins]

Too late for the poll but I'm studying the homewings - what is the archaelogical and palaeontological record of how these skydogs came to be domesticated? Where are the proto-homewings who only just started to diverge from whatever the common ancestor with stormchasers was, and how did it happen?

Was it a case of a couple individuals with injured wings who couldn't keep up, and the flock is like come ON Dave we are MIGRATING it's HURRICANE SEASON

But then they all kinda shamble upon some early modern humans with like their campfire and they want to LEAVE

but dave-the-dragon is very sore and very tired and that fire is actually lovely

dave-the-dragon is lulled by the warmth the other dragons who are milling around see d-t-d being calm and are like well then

we do not like this but we are not Spooked there is no Spook here

and one of the early modern humans are like huh? large sky dog is injured. we know how to deal with injury. apply Leaf to Dog

and like dave-the-dragon is getting cared for and fed and the flock kinda sorta mills along

and a few months later dave is mostly skyworthy again he's been acclimated to these long apes and the flock is returning for another storm in the other direction, and return for their flockmate

and NOW, being flock animals, stormwings are very much inclined to Read the Proto-Room, and Dave is right over there getting scratchies by a young humanthing who's not yet been caught scratching the sky cheetah, and off they all go again, Dave in tow

And perhaps next season there's one of them got caught by a bolt of lightning, and perhaps there's another that's about to whelp and they remember Dave-the-Dragon's weird run-in with the humans, and so they leave a few of their members behind. They make sure of course to to Watch and Wait for a while, see how the weird upstart monkeys are reacting - they do eat meat, after all, and it wouldn't do to leave their most vulnerable alone with a little bow on.

But Dave seems okay with it, and well he should know, and so this one flock has a wee tradition.

And flocks aren't these static things, members die and come and leave, and eventually you have a *few* flocks who have that one member who knows that sometimes when one of you needs to rest, the weird long apes will help anything so long as they can pat it on the head.

... Then fast-forward fifty thousand years and your descendants are a fraction of your size, get taken out flying on a lead and harness, and get fed thrice a day from tins of "Meaty Bits - Electric Ozone Beef."

[nursingwriter]

Epidemics and Smallpox in Colonial America In 1992, the Smithsonian Museum held an exhibit on the process of exchanges between the Old World and the New World that resulted from the explorations of Christopher Columbus. The exhibit, entitled Seeds of Change, focused on five catalysts or "seeds" which had the most far-reaching consequences for both Europe and the new colonies in the Americas. These catalysts were the horse, sugar, the potato, corn and disease. This paper focuses on disease as a catalyst, paying special focus on the role of smallpox in subjugating the Native American nations. The first part is an overview of how various diseases have affected North American Indians, from the arrival of the first Europeans in the 1500s to the Spanish missionaries who first came to Mexico and California in the 18th century. The body of the paper focuses on the use of disease - particularly smallpox - as a biological weapon against the Native Americans during the Seven Year's War. Finally, the paper assesses the short- and long-term effects that disease has had, on both the Old and the New Worlds. These effects include the decimation of the Native American population as a whole, as seen in the decrease from 500 distinct groups in 1500 to only 300 federally-recognized Native American groups by 1900. Secondary effects of the epidemics of disease include declines in animal population and the promotion of the slave trade, as slaves were shipped from Africa to provide much-needed labor in the American colonies. In many ways, this paper shows that effects of biological weapons such as smallpox and influenza continue to be felt today. The Columbian Exchange The cultural and biological changes that resulted after the 15th century European "discovery" of the New World are often referred to as the Columbian exchange. During this period, there was a one-way transfer of religion, as European settlers and missionaries converted much of the Indian population in South American and the Caribbean to Catholicism. Aside from religion, however, a variety of plants, animals and disease were exchanged between the populations. The arrival of horses, called "skydogs," became a measure of value and helped revolutionize the economy of Plains Indians. The exchange of goods, services and even marriages were arranged according to number of horses. Horses also acquired spiritual significance for tribes like the Sioux, the Crow and the Nez Pierce. The most immediate effect of the Columbian exchange, however, was seen in the massive decline of the Native American population. The European explorers were unwitting carriers of diseases such as smallpox and cholera, illnesses which were unknown in the New World. Because they lacked natural resistance, Native Americans quickly succumbed to the disease. They also transmitted the virus to other populations. In South America and the Caribbean, an estimated 8 to 20 million people died, many without even encountering a white man. Bartolome de las Casas, a 16th century missionary who spent much of his life arguing for the rights of Indians, wrote that "I believe without trying to deceive myself that the number of the slain is more like fifteen million." In the United States, the devastation brought about by war and disease continued. Experts now believe that the Native American population before the Columbian exchange was around 8 million. By the 1900, however, that figure had fallen to 400,000 in Europe and Canada. Observers during the time interpreted the quick spread of smallpox in divergent ways. One Spanish soldier wrote that God was surely on the Spanish side during the conquest, since "when the Christians were exhausted from war, God saw fit to send the Indians smallpox." To the Native Americans, however, smallpox "a far more efficient killer than the white man's guns." Among the North American Indians, smallpox was known as "the rotting face." Smallpox was only one of the epidemics resulting from the Columbian exchange. In addition to the disease of the rotting face, the Native American population was also felled by cholera, measles and the bubonic plague. Many of these diseases were spread by Caucasian fur traders as they ventured deeper into Native American territories. Employees of St. Louis-based furrier Francis A. Chardon, for example, unwittingly spread cholera and measles epidemics among the Mandan, Arikara and Hidatsa villages in the upper Missouri region river. By the 18th century, the epidemics of diseases among Native populations continued. The Yakama Indians, for example, were struck by epidemics of smallpox, influenza, "ague" and other diseases. This time, however, the carriers were no longer the explorers but EuroAmerican immigrants, settlers and their descendants. Smallpox and warfare The epidemics discussed previously, while devastating, were also the unintentional result of the Columbian exchange and of contact among the Native populations and EuroAmerican settlers. However, there were also more insidious epidemics, where Europeans used the Native American susceptibility to smallpox as a biological weapon. One of the most renowned uses of smallpox against Native Americans occurred in 1763 in the British outpost of Fort Pitt, located in Western Virginia. This was the period known as the Pontiac Rebellion, when the Delaware, Shawnee and Mingo Indians were attacking British-held outposts throughout the Great Lakes and the Midwest. The Pontiacs and their Indian allies had burned houses and nearby settlements, forcing the European traders and colonists to retreat into the fort. In addition to attacks, the colonists had other problems - disease. In a letter to his superior, Fort Pitt's Capt. Simeon Ecuyer wrote, "We are so crowded in the fort that I fear disease...I cannot keep the place as clean as I should like; moreover, the small pox is among us." The news was then relayed to British Commander in Chief Jeffery Amherst, who has stationed in New York. In a letter June 23, 1763, Bouquet confirmed, "the small Pox has broken out in the Garrison." By early July, based on the information from Ecuyer and Bouquet, Amherst developed a strategy to defeat the Native American rebels. In a letter back to Bouquet, Amherst asked, "Could it not be contrived to Send the Small Pox among those Disaffected Tribes of Indians? We must, on this occasion, Use Every Stratagem in our power to Reduce them." When Bouquet and the plan was carried out. Amherst fired off a message of approval, noting that the Fort Pitt soldiers "will Do well to try to Innoculate the Indians by means of Blanketts, as well as to try Every other method that can serve to Extirpate this Execreble Race." During the spring and summer seasons of 1763, the Shawnee, Delaware and Mingo tribes were struck by a severe smallpox epidemic. The epidemic continued through 1764. John M'Cullough, a white teenager who lived as a captive among the Indians, reported that Native populations as far as central Pennsylvania and Ohio were felled by smallpox. Throughout the Seven Years War, historian Peter MacLeod observed that the smallpox contagion continued to ravage Indian tribes who were allied with the French. By this time, many Indian tribes suspected that the British were deliberately using the infection as a weapon of war. Another released captive stated that the Potawatomis believed that "English poison(ed) the Rum, & (gave) them the Small Pox, for which they owe them an everlasting ill will." Native American oral histories soon began to reflect accusations of deliberate smallpox contagions. Ottawa Indians on the shores of Lake Michigan, for example, told of a "tin box" which was sold to them in Montreal in 1757. They were supposedly instructed to open the box only upon arrival in the villages. The box contained a series of progressively smaller boxes, the last of which had "mouldy particles." After the boxes' arrival, smallpox soon broke out among the Ottawa. As a result, the area was "entirely depopulated and laid waste." Instances of deliberate contagion continued to circulate throughout the 18th and 19th centuries. The Ojibwa Indians accused EuroAmerican fur traders of infecting their Indian counterparts at an outpost by presenting them with a contaminated flag. The Ojibwas unwittingly made the problem worse by unfurling the flag while visiting tribes at Lake Superior's Fond du Lac region. During this epidemic, an estimated 300 Native peoples died in Fond du Lac alone. Historians continue to disagree on whether the smallpox epidemics were deliberately orchestrated or whether the Native American warriors merely caught smallpox from sick European soldiers. However, Amherst's own letters show that the colonizers were not averse to using smallpox as a weapon. In fact, Amherst further suggested that the colonizers could use dogs to hunt the Indians down, as the Spanish had done previously. Effects of smallpox on Native American populations The effects of the smallpox and other disease epidemics continue to be felt among the Native American populations. The massive population decline and the loss of various Native American nations, for instance, helped to pave the way for the eventual European settlement of the North American continent. The spread of diseases also changed the way of life for many Native American groups. In an attempt to flee the disease, many tribes migrated, leaving behind ancestral hunting and fishing lands. The clearing of forests for new farmlands caused environmental hazards. The effects of these epidemics transcended North American borders. As early as the 16th century, Europeans began transporting slaves from African colonies. The Europeans, particularly the Portuguese and Spanish colonists, needed slaves who would not succumb to smallpox and other Old World illnesses. Unlike the Native Americans, the Africans already had immunity to the European sicknesses. In addition, the African slaves were also immune to tropical illnesses like malaria and yellow fever. Thus, because of the North American epidemics, an estimated 12 to 20 million Africans were forced into slavery in America. By the 1900s, the dwindling Native American populations gave rise to the "myth of the vanishing Indian." Some Native American populations fared slightly better than their counterparts. In the 19th century, Navajo tribal members opted to receive smallpox vaccinations. By the 20th century, a significant number of Navajo women worked as government nurses. Historians like Robert Trenert believe that the large Navajo population is partly due to their cooperation with government health efforts. Unfortunately, the Navajo are atypical of other Native American populations. Though smallpox has been successfully eradicated, Indians are still three times more likely to suffer from infectious diseases like tuberculosis than their Caucasian counterparts. They are also more affected by adult-onset diabetes than the rest of the American population. Conclusion In summary, contagions like smallpox played a significant role in the shaping of the American continent. In the beginning, the epidemics were the natural and unintended result of the Columbian exchange, as people from the Old and New Worlds came into contact. Evidence further suggests that smallpox outbreaks were orchestrated during warfare, with the blessing of the European military leadership. The effects of these epidemics are far-reaching. The Native American population was declined. Many tribes were decimated or were absorbed by other tribes. In their attempt to escape the illness, Indian tribes cleared forests, causing massive environmental changes. The susceptibility to European diseases also provided the catalyst for the massive importation of African slaves. In the end, the European settlers successfully established their military dominance in the new continent. Much of this dominance, however, was only achieved with the unintentional help of contagions like smallpox. Works Cited Blackbird, Andrew J., Complete Both Early and Late History of the Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michigan, a Grammar of Their Language, Personal and Family History of the Author (Harbor Springs, Mich., 1897 Bouquet, Henry. The Papers of Col. Henry Bouquet. Sylvester Stevens and Donald Kent, eds. (Harrisburg, Pa, 1940-1943). De las Casas, Bartolome, "The Devastation of the Indians: A Brief Account." Excerpted in The Conquest of the New World. Helen Cothran, ed. (San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2002), Green, Rayna, The Encyclopedia of Native North America, (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999 Heagerty, John, Four Centuries of Medical History in Canada (Toronto, 1928) Lepore, Jill. Encounters in the New World. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), MacLeod, Peter, "Microbes and Muskets: Smallpox and the Participation of the Amerindian Allies of New France in the Seven Years' War," Ethnohistory, 39 (Winter 1992), M'Cullough, John, in A Selection, of Some of the Most Interesting Narratives, of Outrages, Committed by the Indians, in Their Wars, with the White People. Archibald Loudon, ed. originally published 1808. (New York: 1977) Robertson, R.G., Rotting Face: Smallpox and the American Indian (Caldwell, Idaho: Caxton, 2001), p Taylor, Alan. American Colonies: The Settling of North America. (New York: Penguin Books, 2001) Trafzer, Clifford, Death Stalks the Yakama: Epidemiological Transitions and Mortality on the Yakama Indian Reservation,1888-1964. (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1997). Trennert, Robert. White Man's Medicine: Government Doctors and the Navajo,1863-1955. (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1998) https://www.paperdue.com/customer/paper/colonial-america-epidemics-152793#:~:text=Logout-,ColonialAmericaEpidemics,-Length8pages Rayna Green, The Encyclopedia of Native North America, (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999), p. 122. Bartolome de las Casas, "The Devastation of the Indians: A Brief Account." Excerpted in The Conquest of the New World. Helen Cothran, ed. (San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2002), pp. 49-55. Green, 79-80. Green, 44. De Las Casas, p. 51. Green, p. 44. Jill Lepore. Encounters in the New World. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 13. R.G. Robertson, Rotting Face: Smallpox and the American Indian (Caldwell, Idaho: Caxton, 2001), p. 311 Robertson, pp see the account in Clifford Trafzer, Death Stalks the Yakama: Epidemiological Transitions and Mortality on the Yakama Indian Reservation,1888-1964. (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1997). Alan Taylor. American Colonies: The Settling of North America. (New York: Penguin Books, 2001), p. 434 Henry Bouquet, The Papers of Col. Henry Bouquet. Sylvester Stevens and Donald Kent, eds. Jeffrey Amherst, in The Papers of Col. Henry Bouquet, p John M'Cullough, in A Selection, of Some of the Most Interesting Narratives, of Outrages, Committed by the Indians, in Their Wars, with the White People. Archibald Loudon, ed. originally published 1808. (New York: 1977), volume 1, p. 331. Peter MacLeod, "Microbes and Muskets: Smallpox and the Participation of the Amerindian Allies of New France in the Seven Years' War," Ethnohistory, 39 (Winter 1992), pp. 42-64. Andrew J. Blackbird, Complete Both Early and Late History of the Ottawa and Chippewa Indians of Michigan, a Grammar of Their Language, Personal and Family History of the Author (Harbor Springs, Mich., 1897), 2-3 John J. Heagerty, Four Centuries of Medical History in Canada (2 vols., Toronto, 1928), I, 44-45. Amherst, in Papers of Col. Henry Bouquet, ed. Stevens and Kent Green, p. 54. Lepore, p. 13. Robert Trennert. White Man's Medicine: Government Doctors and the Navajo,1863-1955. (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1998), p. 159. Green, p. 54. Read the full article

[rastronomicals]

March 19:

On this date in 1962, Bob Dylan released his self-titled debut album.

And,

On the 19th of March, 2013, Duane Allman, or at least the people with the rights, laid upon us Skydog, his career-spanning anthology.

[joni-witchell]

[thegreenhorseman]

The Sunday Review: Wild Horses of Skydog: Blue Zeus and Families

[tribalsoupproject]

Duane Allman The Skydog's Journey Through Music

[barnsburntdownnow]

Butler Steve Rymers; Skydog Sanctuary, Oregon March 2024; Photograph

[horseswithnames]

"Nike" Red Desert, Wyoming Currently residing at Skydog Sanctuary

Photo by WilsonAxpe Photoadovacy

[memorias-paralela-s]

Federico Devito & Luke SkyDog na Praia (@federicodevito)