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felixcloud6288 · 10 months

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It's Hurricane Season so I'd like to share some advice as a life-long Floridian who's experienced a few things. This is going to be directed primarily to people living in areas at risk of blackouts which could last several days.

Preparations

Aside from food, water, and gas, some things you'll want to make sure you have are flashlights and batteries. Make sure to refill any medications you might need.

Get raincoats in case you need to go outside cause the wind will destroy any umbrellas.. If you can't get one, take a garbage bag and tear a face hole into it and use that.

Also, get bug repellent, especially mosquito repellent. Mosquitos breed around still water and there will be a lot of still water.

You might want to buy some gardening gloves as well to make the post-storm cleanup safer.

SUPER IMPORTANT FOR SANITY AND SANITATION: get caught up on laundry and dishes. No power means no running water. Don't make things worse by not having clean dishes or clean clothes to use. While you're cleaning, change your bed sheets as well. Once you have power, change your sheets again.

Also, download any games, ebooks, shows, etc you can onto any battery-charged electronic devices you have. It will help your sanity when all you can do is wait.

Finally, while you should ideally board up your windows to protect them from debris, make sure at the minimum that all your windows are closed. Wind pressures are going to suck air out of any openings in your home.

Food and Water

First and most important: DO NOT BE A HOARDER!!

Even if your home has no power, that doesn't mean your local grocery store has no power. You can expect some reduced supply due to damaged supply lines and a spike in demand, but you shouldn't be worrying about empty shelves. At worst, have the amount of supplies you might need for 10 days. If you normally go to the grocery store every 2 weeks or longer, just stock up the amount you normally would.

Buy more items that are less likely to spoil and don't need refrigeration. When you have no power, prioritize eating anything which requires refrigeration (milk, cheese, meats) or has a short shelf life (bread).

Demand will be higher in preparation, and supply will be diminished for a bit, but supply issues only become unbearable when people start hoarding.

As for water, you'll need a surplus since you need water for so much. I cannot stress this particular part enough:

You need water to flush your toilet.

If there's somewhere with running water you can go when you need to poop, use that whenever possible, but you need water available at home to refill your toilet's cistern if you don't have that option (either time, distance, etc).

Make sure you have a supply of drinking water. Don't go buying every water bottle you can find (See the bit about hoarding), but you should buy more than you might normally use. Instead, gather water through things like your sink or from a hose into any sealable containers you might have . If you have a bathtub, fill it up just before the hurricane. If you have a pool, that's another source of water. If no debris got in the pool, you can use it for bathing. If you have empty buckets, you can get some additional water during the hurricane by filling them with large rocks or bricks and leaving them out in the open to collect the rain water.

Different water sources will be used for different purposes:

bottled, canned, or other store-bought water: Drinking, cooking, and refrigeration (explained later)

Water in unsealed containers: refill the toilet cistern

Water in a sealed containers: bathing and cleaning (Can also be used for the toilet)

As mentioned with food, supplies at your grocer will be reduced but not necessarily empty. You should be able to buy enough additional drinking water and be able to also use it for cleaning, giving you more water for the toilet. The tip about gathering rain water will only work once. There will likely be no rain for at least a week afterward.

In case you need to evacuate

Keep tabs on whatever emergency alerts are available. Check what your local radio channel is or what sites to check online. Make sure you know how to get to your local shelter, including alternate paths in case a road is inaccessible.

Load your vehicle with anything you might need to bring with you before the storm so you don't have to spend time looking for them and double checking when every minute could count. Pack some pillows, blankets, and extra clothes just in case. Also include anything you cannot risk losing for school or work like laptops.

Refrigeration

Without power, your fridge is now just a giant cooler and a ticking bomb to being a biohazard. Fill it up as much as possible. Cold air escapes easily when you open it and heat disperses fastest throw the air. Remember how I said you should buy extra water? A fridge filled with cold water will stay cooler longer. Any liquid will do. Fill your fridge with water bottles, soda cans, beer, fruit juice, whatever. As long as it doesn't spoil at room temperature. Milk can technically help too, but since it spoils you shouldn't keep much of it and should use it quickly.

Additional things like fruits and veggies will also help. What matters is you want to reduce the amount of empty space and fill it with anything which can keep the temperature down. Put a frozen block of iron in for all I care. Just don't have a super empty fridge.

If you have a generator

Good for you. You're not completely without power now. But you need to set priorities on what to use it for. Generators can only supply so much power at a time so you can't just hook everything to it and expect things to work out.

Top priority is the fridge. Twice a day, morning and evening, plug the fridge to the generator and let it run for two hours to cool things down. Don't hook up the fridge when you don't expect to open it (like when everyone is asleep).

Second priority should be charging cell phones, laptops, and anything else like that. Depending on your circumstances, you can charge them at work, from your car, etc so only hook them up when batteries are low.

Third, comfort. I understand this will be stressful, but hooking up your tv and gaming computer isn't the best idea. If you've done what I suggested earlier, you'll at least have something to watch or do without needing to hook it to your generator. Like with the above electronics, you might be able to find other ways to charge them, but only attach them to your generator when you don't need to worry about necessities.

Finally for the love of god, DO NOT HOOK AN AC TO THE GENERATOR!!. Air conditioners draw a lot of power, especially once the room is hot. But your generator can only do so much. The AC will kill your power supply really quickly. Use a fan or the AC in your vehicle if you need to cool down.

Also worth noting, if you have an electric vehicle, that could potentially be used as well. I don't know specifics, but look into that if you own one.

Final notes

This is not comprehensive and I may be wrong about some things.

Please refer to actual expert sources for comprehensive help.

This is just suggestions from someone who has to deal with this every year and has figured out how to deal with the aftermath. Your living conditions may be different so please check how to handle any concerns unique to you.

Stay safe and do not give up hope.

#original post #hurricane #hurricane prep #weather

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cleanearthfunfacts · 1 year

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Title: A Comprehensive Guide to Creating an Eco-Friendly Home 💡🌱🌍 Entertaining Guide on Environmental Awareness, Sustainable Living, and Renewable Energy Solutions | Clean Earth Fun Facts

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Welcome to Clean Earth Fun Facts, your go-to source for fun and entertaining facts about our planet and how to keep it clean and green. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore various strategies and tips for creating an eco-friendly home. By incorporating energy-efficient appliances, sustainable building materials, and water conservation strategies, you can reduce your environmental footprint and contribute to a sustainable future. Let's dive in!

Chapter 1: Energy-Efficient Appliances

Understanding Energy Efficiency Ratings

Look for appliances with ENERGY STAR certification

Consider energy-efficient models for refrigerators, washing machines, dishwashers, and more

Lighting Solutions

Switch to LED or CFL bulbs

Utilize natural light through skylights and windows

Install motion sensor or timer switches to save energy

Smart Home Technology

Invest in smart thermostats and programmable HVAC systems

Control lighting and appliances remotely to avoid unnecessary energy consumption

Use power strips to eliminate standby power

Chapter 2: Sustainable Building Materials

Choose Renewable Materials

Opt for sustainably harvested wood and bamboo

Explore alternatives like reclaimed wood or recycled materials

Consider cork or linoleum flooring instead of vinyl or carpet

Energy-Efficient Insulation

Install insulation with high R-value to reduce heat loss

Consider eco-friendly options like cellulose or wool insulation

Seal air leaks to improve overall energy efficiency

Green Roofing Options

Explore cool roofs that reflect sunlight and reduce heat absorption

Consider metal roofing, recycled shingles, or living roofs (vegetation)

Chapter 3: Water Conservation Strategies

Efficient Plumbing Fixtures

Install low-flow toilets and showerheads

Use faucet aerators to reduce water flow

Repair leaks promptly

Rainwater Harvesting

Set up rain barrels or cisterns to collect rainwater for gardening or flushing toilets

Direct downspouts to water plants and trees

Landscape Design for Water Efficiency

Choose native, drought-resistant plants

Group plants with similar water needs

Mulch garden beds to retain moisture

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rabbitcruiser · 7 months

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World Toilet Day

World Toilet Day…at first glance, this seems like an unlikely candidate for a holiday and more like some sort of joke, but the day is nowhere as trivial or humorous as it may seem. All in all, it strives to draw attention to various sanitation issues around the world and work towards resolving them.

Despite access to proper sanitation being declared a basic human right, one in three people across the globe, so some 2.5 billion people in total, do not have regular access to a toilet. Additionally, even amongst those who do have such access, unclean and unsafe toilets pose problems of their own, including contributing towards the spread of diseases like cholera, typhoid and hepatitis—in some parts of Africa, diarrhea is one of the main child-killers.

Open defecation is also responsible for increasing the number of sexual assaults perpetrated on women and children. Furthermore, when young girls begin menstruating, the lack of privacy forces them to stay home from school, thus limiting their chances of getting a basic education and, what comes after that, a decent job in the future. World Toilet Day’s ultimate goal is to allow everyone on the planet to take care of their most basic needs without having to fear for their safety.

History of World Toilet Day

World Toilet Day was created by the World Toilet Organization in 2001. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon of the United Nations said: “We have a moral imperative to end open defecation and a duty to ensure women and girls are not at risk of assault and rape simply because they lack a sanitation facility.”

He went on to talk about how having to defecate openly infringes on human safety and dignity, and how women and girls risk rape and abuse as they wait until night falls to relieve themselves because they lack of access to a toilet that offers privacy. Another issue is that toilets generally remain inadequate for populations with special needs, such as the disabled and elderly.

Since its inception, World Toilet Day has played a vital role in challenging governments, businesses and other groups to make changes. It has also worked towards breaking various taboos surrounding the topic, in order to facilitate discussion and lead to the creation of better, safer solutions.

World Toilet Day Timeline

3000 BC Pipes carry waste

Even a few thousand years ago various people groups (in Scotland, India, Mesopotamia and more) would use pipe systems to carry waste out of their houses and into rivers or streams.

100-200 AD Group toilets for soldiers

Remains of Housesteads Roman Fort at Hadrian’s Wall in the UK reveals that perhaps 20 or more soldiers would all use a common ‘toilet’ (essentially these were long benches with holes in them) at the same time.

Middle Ages (500-1500 AD) Garderobes are used

Predating the toilet, “garderobes” were little rooms that hung over the sides of the castle. This little closet had a bench with a hole in it where the waste would drop into a moat or pit below.

During this time, many people would also use chamber pots, which would be kept in bedrooms or ‘chambers’ and then emptied (sometimes simply thrown out the window) when full. This function carried on for quite some time.

1596 Flushing toilet is invented

Although its widespread use did not arrive until a couple of centuries later, the first flushing toilet was described by Sir John Harington, an English courtier. This toilet was a pot that used gravity to feed water through it from a cistern that sat upstairs.

1775 First toilet patent issued

Scottish Inventor Alexander Cummings was the creator of the important pipe that ran in an S-shape below the bowl. This ingenious design used the water in the bowl to seal off the sewer gas from below and eventually led the way to mass production of the toilet.

1829 First toilets in a hotel

The Tremont Hotel in Boston, USA installed eight indoor water closets for its guests.

1866 World’s first bathroom showroom

Marlboro Works showroom is opened by English sanitary engineer Thomas Crapper (yes, that’s his real name). At a time when people didn’t speak much about their bodily functions, this public display of toilets was revolutionary.

1880s Thomas Crapper invents the ballcock

Toilets that have this invention, the “ballcock”, are less likely to overflow. Crapper created the floating valve as well as eight other patented improvements for plumbing and sewage. He also did a lot of plumbing for British royalty around this time.

1910 Elevated water tank

A similar design to today’s toilets, the closed water tank and bowl moves into common use.

1986 Sensor flushes introduced

In Japan, the first toilets with sensors that would flush on their own were used.

2001 World Toilet Organization is created

The World Toilet Organization moves to educate people about the sanitation crisis. Even in today’s modern times, more than 2 billion people across the world still do not have access to a toilet.

2013 World Toilet Day made official by the UN

In an effort to raise awareness and support for places where people don’t have proper access to sanitation, the first UN World Toilet Day is celebrated on November 19, 2013.

How to celebrate World Toilet Day

I think by now it’s been made abundantly clear that World Toilet Day is far from being a joke, dealing instead with the protection of one of humanity’s most basic rights. So how can you help? There are a number of things you could do. For starters, why not visit the World Toilet Day website, Facebook page or Twitter account and share the message across social media platforms?

This may seem like a tiny, unimportant gesture, but raising awareness about serious problems is one of the things social media does best, aside from bombarding you with pictures of babies and kittens. The more people know about a problem, the more money can be raised to fight it, as the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge so perfectly demonstrated. So don’t think your clicking “share” means anything. It doesn’t.

Another thing you could do as a way of observing World Toilet Day Would be of course to make a donation, so if you have the means, know that every dollar helps.

Source

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ardri-na-bpiteog · 2 years

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My toilet has been leaking from the base ever since I moved into the new apartment and while my landlady has been relatively helpful and did get a plumber out to me, the plumber himself has been really frustrating me.

He doesn’t seem like he’s listening to me and keeps telling me to check other parts of the toilet for a leak even when I’ve determined it’s almost certainly coming from the bottom of the toilet where it meets the floor. Googling it has confirmed that this is something that happens sometimes and it’s likely to do with the seal having worn out and can be relatively easily fixed. But for some reason the plumber just...won’t consider it as a possibility? In theory it’s something I could maybe fix myself but I have zero plumbing knowledge and it’s not my property so I’m hesitant to mess with it and make it worse or cause something else to break, especially since it might require actually removing the toilet to replace the seal.

From what I can tell from Google, it’s something that WOULD have been fixed over a week ago if the plumber had just actually listened to me but I’m caught in this back and forth of him saying “did you check the cistern” and I’m like YES I DID AND IT’S NOT COMING FROM THERE, THERE IS DIRTY TOILET WATER ON MY BATHROOM FLOOR. And I’m at the point of trying to find my own damn plumber to come out and look at it because this man is being is incredibly unhelpful.

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hvidbergpetersen43 · 4 months

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The History of Plumbing How Ancient Civilizations Mastered the Art

The History of Plumbing: How Ancient Civilizations Mastered the Art Plumbing can be an essential part of our day to day lives, allowing us to have clean-running water and remove waste efficiently. But possess you ever wondered how historic civilizations learned the artwork of domestic plumbing In this content, we will delve into the interesting history of domestic plumbing, from early innovations to modern breakthroughs. Get prepared to be transferred back in period as we explore the ingenuity and resourcefulness of our ancestors. 1. Old Mesopotamia: The Cradle of Plumbing Let's begin our trip in historic Mesopotamia, where plumbing originated nearly 5,000 years back. The inhabitants of this fertile property, nestled between the Tigris and Euphrates streams, developed a sophisticated plumbing system that would serve seeing that the basis for potential civilizations. They constructed clay pipes to transportation water from streams to their towns and created complex stations to distribute water for irrigation. Can you imagine the amazing engineering skills required to build such a comprehensive domestic plumbing network 2. The Indus Valley Civilization: Plumbing related Mastery Moving eastward to the Indus Valley civilization, we discover further proof of the mastery of domestic plumbing techniques. Internet dating back again to around 2500 BCE, this advanced civilization created complicated sewage systems that included underground drainage networks. To make sure sanitation, they actually had private bathrooms with water-sealed toilets, a luxury that many civilizations do not really possess. Drainage & waste pipe The careful planning and interest to fine detail in their domestic plumbing systems showcase the ancient technical engineers' keen understanding of the importance of cleanliness. 3. Ancient Rome: Plumbing related for the Top notch Now let's shift our focus to ancient Rome, known for its grandeur and invention. The Romans took plumbing to new levels, creating an considerable network of aqueducts, sewers, and open public baths. These awe-inspiring aqueducts spanned vast distances, bringing fresh water to the town and allowing people to indulge in high-class communal baths. Can you imagine the feeling of privilege and opulence that arrived with having gain access to to such advanced domestic plumbing services during that period 4. The Islamic Golden Age: Innovative Plumbing Solutions During the Islamic Golden Age group, from the 8th to the 14th century CE, many scientific and technological breakthroughs were made, including in the field of domestic plumbing. Islamic engineers developed ingenious methods for water storage, including the structure of underground cisterns and reservoirs. They also launched the idea of general public baths, embracing sanitation as an necessary aspect of their trust. The establishment of these communal spaces not only marketed cleanliness but also fostered public cohesion and communal well-being. How remarkable it must have been to see the forward-thinking and proactive strategy to plumbing during this era! 5. The Renaissance: A Revival of Plumbing Know-How Fast forwards to the Renaissance period in European countries, and we see a revival of historic knowledge and a restored interest in domestic plumbing. Influenced by the engineering achievements of their predecessors, Renaissance engineers and architects implemented increasingly sophisticated plumbing related systems. From complex systems of pipes to the introduction of flush toilets, plumbing became more processed and accessible to a wider people. The Renaissance period marked a pivotal second in the history of plumbing, setting up the stage for contemporary innovations. 6. The Industrial Trend: Plumbing Goes Mainstream With the advent of the Industrial Trend, domestic plumbing underwent a significant change. Mass creation and improvements in technology made plumbing more inexpensive and available to the general public. The introduction of indoor plumbing related and sanitary accessories into residential homes revolutionized daily life, improving hygiene standards and producing everyday tasks more convenient. Envision the relief and joy that people must possess felt as they embraced this contemporary plumbing discovery during a time of great sociable and industrial change. 7. Modern Plumbing: Improvements for a Sustainable Future Today, domestic plumbing proceeds to evolve, with a concentrate on sustainability and eco-friendly procedures. From rainwater harvesting to energy-efficient water heaters, modern plumbing innovations aim to reduce water consumption and waste. Additionally, developments in pipe components and plumbing technology ensure durability and reliability in our domestic plumbing systems. As we appear toward the upcoming, professionals in the domestic plumbing industry strive to discover innovative solutions that promote both human well-being and environmental conservation. And there you have it, the fascinating history of plumbing and the amazing advancements produced by ancient civilizations and modern engineers alike. Next period you switch on the sink or flush the bathroom, take a minute to appreciate the centuries of ingenuity and hard function that have gone into ensuring that we possess access to safe and effective plumbing systems.

#plumber #plumbers near me #emergency plumber near me #plumbers in my area

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theplumbnerd · 5 months

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Glossary

This glossary provides a foundation for understanding common plumbing terms. Remember, plumbing involves technical aspects and safety considerations. For complex repairs or system alterations, it's always wise to consult a qualified plumber. Happy plumbing!

- Auger: A tool used for unclogging drains and pipes, featuring a coiled wire or rod. - Air Gap: A physical separation between the water outlet and the flood level of a fixture, preventing contamination. - Adapter: A fitting that connects different types or sizes of pipes together. - Angle Stop: A shut-off valve installed at a 90-degree angle to the water supply line. - Aerator: A device attached to faucets to mix air with flowing water, reducing splashing and conserving water. - Anti-Scald Valve: A valve that regulates water temperature to prevent scalding, especially in showers and faucets. - Access Panel: A removable panel that provides access to plumbing components behind walls or ceilings. - Air Chamber: A vertical pipe filled with air to absorb water hammer and prevent pipe damage. - ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene): A type of plastic pipe commonly used for drainage systems. - Aquastat: A device that controls water temperature in a boiler. Go To Top -

- Backflow Preventer: A device that prevents the reverse flow of water, ensuring water only flows in one direction. - Ballcock: A mechanism in a toilet tank that controls the filling of the tank after flushing. - Bidet: A plumbing fixture designed for personal hygiene, typically found in bathrooms. - Branch Vent: A vent pipe that connects to the vent stack and serves multiple fixtures. - Bushing: A fitting used to join pipes of different sizes. - Backwater Valve: A valve that prevents sewage from flowing back into the home's plumbing system. - Bleed Valve: A valve used to release air or gas from a plumbing system. - Black Water: Contaminated water containing fecal matter and other waste. - Boiler: A device that heats water for radiant heating or domestic use. - Butt Weld: A type of pipe connection where the ends are beveled and welded together. Go To Top

- Check Valve: A one-way valve that allows the flow of water in one direction only. - Cleanout: An opening in a drain or sewer line that provides access for clearing obstructions. - Compression Fitting: A type of fitting that connects pipes by compressing a gasket or ferrule. - Copper Pipe: A durable and corrosion-resistant material commonly used for plumbing. - Circuit Vent: A vent that serves as a common vent for two or more traps. - Culvert: A pipe used to carry water under a road or embankment. - Condensate: Water vapor that condenses into liquid, often in heating or cooling systems. - Cistern: A tank for storing water, especially in toilets. - Clog: A blockage in a pipe that restricts or prevents the flow of water. - Corrosion: The gradual deterioration of pipes or fittings due to chemical reactions. Go To Top

- Drain Snake: A flexible auger used for clearing clogs in drains and pipes. - Diverter Valve: A valve that redirects water flow, commonly found in showerheads or bathtub faucets. - Dielectric Union: A fitting that prevents corrosion between different metals in a plumbing system. - DWV (Drain-Waste-Vent): A system of pipes that carries waste water from fixtures and appliances to the sewer or septic system. - Diaphragm Valve: A valve with a flexible diaphragm that regulates the flow of water. - Double Check Valve: A backflow prevention device with two independently acting check valves. - Dry Well: An underground structure filled with gravel or other porous material to manage stormwater runoff. - Dope: A slang term for pipe thread sealant or joint compound used to create a watertight seal. - Drip Leg: A vertical pipe section in a gas line that collects condensation and debris. - Dielectric Grease: A lubricant used to prevent corrosion in electrical connections and plumbing fittings. - Demand Pump: A pump that provides instant hot water at the tap by circulating hot water through the plumbing system. - Dolomite Lime: A substance used to neutralize acidic water in plumbing systems. - Dwell Time: The duration water spends in a water treatment system for effective filtration. Go To Top

- Expansion Tank: A device that absorbs excess pressure in a closed plumbing system to prevent damage. - Elbow: A plumbing fitting with a 90-degree bend, used to change the direction of a pipe. - Escutcheon: A decorative plate that covers the hole in a wall or floor where a pipe passes through. - Effluent: Treated or untreated wastewater discharged from a septic tank or sewage treatment plant. - Expansion Joint: A flexible connection in a plumbing system that accommodates movement and prevents damage. - Ejector Pump: A pump used to move sewage or wastewater from a low point to a higher one. - End Outlet Waste: A type of sink drain where the outlet is located at the end rather than the center. - Epoxy Lining: A method of coating the interior of pipes with epoxy to prevent corrosion and extend lifespan. - Elongated Bowl: A toilet bowl with an oval shape for added comfort. - Exfiltration: The unintended leakage or seepage of wastewater out of a sewer system. Go To Top

- Faucet: A device for controlling the flow of water from a pipe. - Flange: A projecting rim or edge, often used for connecting pipes or securing fixtures. - Float Valve: A valve that controls the water level in a tank or cistern. - Floodplain: Low-lying land adjacent to a river, prone to flooding. - Frost-Free Faucet: An outdoor faucet designed to prevent freezing by placing the shut-off valve inside the heated portion of a building. - Fixture: A device connected to a plumbing system that provides a specific function, such as a sink or toilet. - Flapper Valve: A rubber valve in a toilet tank that controls the release of water into the bowl. - Flow Rate: The amount of water or other fluid that passes through a pipe or faucet in a specified time. - Fernco: A brand of flexible couplings used for connecting different types of pipes. - Flux: A substance used in soldering to clean and prepare surfaces for a secure joint. - Filtration: The process of removing impurities or particles from water. - FIP (Female Iron Pipe): A type of threading used in female pipe fittings. - Flushometer: A device that uses pressure to flush toilets and urinals in commercial settings. Go To Top

- Gate Valve: A valve with a sliding gate to control the flow of water. - Grease Trap: A device that captures grease and solids before they enter the wastewater disposal system. - Galvanized Pipe: Steel pipe coated with zinc to resist corrosion. - GPM (Gallons Per Minute): A unit of measurement for the flow rate of water. - Gasket: A sealing device made of rubber or other materials used to prevent leaks between pipe joints. - Gray Water: Wastewater from household sources, excluding toilet waste. - Ground Water: Water found beneath the Earth's surface, often tapped for wells. - Gas Cock: A valve used to control the flow of gas in a pipe. - Green Plumbing: Environmentally friendly plumbing practices and technologies. - Gully Trap: A trap in a drain or waste pipe to prevent the passage of foul air and rodents. - Galvanic Corrosion: Corrosion that occurs when two different metals are in contact in the presence of an electrolyte. - Gravity Flush Toilet: A toilet that uses gravity to move water from the tank to the bowl during flushing. - Grounding: Connecting pipes or appliances to the ground to prevent electrical shock. Go To Top

- Hose Bibb: An outdoor faucet or valve with a threaded spout for attaching a hose. - Hydrojetting: A method of cleaning pipes using high-pressure water to remove debris and blockages. - Heat Exchanger: A device that transfers heat between fluids in a plumbing or heating system. - Hanger Strap: Metal straps used to support and secure pipes to a structure. - Hard Water: Water with a high mineral content, often containing calcium and magnesium. - Heat Tape: Electrically powered tape used to prevent pipes from freezing. - Hub: A part of a pipe or fitting into which the end of another pipe fits. - Horizontal Branch: A drainage pipe that runs horizontally and connects to the main soil stack. - Hydronic Heating: A heating system that uses hot water to heat a space. - High-Efficiency Toilet (HET): A toilet designed to use less water per flush while maintaining effective performance. - Hydrostatic Pressure: The pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium due to the force of gravity. - Hot Water Recirculation System: A system that circulates hot water to reduce the time it takes to get hot water at the tap. - Hose Clamp: A device used to attach and seal a hose onto a fitting. Go To Top

- Inlet Valve: A valve that controls the flow of water into a tank or appliance. - Insulation: Material used to prevent heat loss or gain in pipes and water heaters. - Indirect Water Heater: A water heating system that uses a heat exchanger to transfer heat from another source. - In-Line Trap: A trap installed in a straight line rather than a traditional U or S shape. - Iron Pipe Size (IPS): A standardized pipe sizing system used for various pipe materials. - Inversion Layer: A layer of air in a vent or chimney that prevents the escape of gases. - Infiltration: The unintended entry of water into a sewer system through cracks or leaks. - Isolation Valve: A valve used to shut off the flow of water to a specific fixture or area. - Impeller: A rotating component in a pump that moves fluid by converting rotational energy into kinetic energy. - Inline Water Filter: A device installed in a water line to remove impurities and improve water quality. - Inlet: The point at which water enters a plumbing system. - Irrigation System: A system for supplying water to plants and landscapes. - Injection Well: A well used for injecting fluids into the ground, often part of wastewater disposal systems. Go To Top

- Jet Pump: A pump that moves water by creating a high-velocity stream of water or other fluid. - Junction Box: A protective enclosure for electrical connections in a plumbing or heating system. - Jacuzzi: A brand name often used to refer to a whirlpool bath or hot tub. - Joint Compound: A substance used to create a watertight seal between threaded pipe connections. - J-Hook: A device used to support and secure pipes or conduit to a wall or ceiling. - Jetter: A high-pressure water system used for cleaning and clearing blockages in pipes. - Junction: The point where two or more pipes or conduits meet. - Jackhammer: A tool used for breaking or drilling through hard surfaces, often during plumbing repairs. - Jet Flush Toilet: A toilet that uses a powerful jet of water for flushing. - Jumper Cable: A cable used to connect two pieces of metal to prevent galvanic corrosion. - Jubilee Clip: A type of hose clamp with a worm gear mechanism for securing hoses. - Joist: A horizontal supporting member in a structure, often used for attaching pipes. - Jockey Pump: A small pump used to maintain pressure in a fire protection system. Go To Top

- Kink: A sharp twist or bend in a pipe that restricts or blocks the flow of water. - Knockout Plug: A removable plug used to close openings in electrical boxes or plumbing fixtures. - Kilowatt-hour (kWh): A unit of electrical energy consumption. - Kitchen Sink Trap: A trap specifically designed for kitchen sinks to prevent foul odors and gases. - Kitec Plumbing System: A type of plumbing system using a multilayer composite pipe. - Key Stop Valve: A shut-off valve with a small key for turning on or off water to a specific fixture. - Kohler: A well-known brand of plumbing fixtures and products. - Kerf: A groove or notch made by cutting or sawing, often used in woodworking for pipe installations. - Knee Wall: A short wall that supports a countertop or separates spaces in a room. - Kilopascal (kPa): A unit of pressure used in plumbing systems. - Knockout Box: An electrical box with perforated openings that can be removed for wiring. - Kick Plate: A protective plate installed at the base of a fixture or cabinet. - KWH Meter: An electrical meter that measures the consumption of kilowatt-hours. Go To Top

- Lift Station: A pump station that raises sewage or wastewater to a higher elevation for proper disposal. - Lavatory: Another term for a bathroom sink or basin. - Lead-Free: Materials or products that do not contain lead, commonly used in plumbing to meet safety standards. - Leach Field: A system of underground pipes or chambers for the disposal of liquid waste. - Low-Flow Fixture: Plumbing fixtures designed to use less water, promoting water conservation. - Lateral Line: The underground pipes that connect individual plumbing fixtures to the main sewer line. - Lug Valve: A type of valve with threaded lugs on the body for easy installation. - Leak Detector: A device or substance used to identify and locate leaks in a plumbing system. - Lime Scale: The buildup of mineral deposits, primarily calcium carbonate, in pipes and appliances. - Loop Vent: A vent pipe that loops back into the drain line, providing a path for air to enter and prevent siphoning. - Locknut: A nut used to secure and tighten a plumbing fitting or connection. - Low-Pressure System: A plumbing system with lower water pressure than the standard. - Lateral Connection: The point where a service line connects to a main sewer line. Go To Top

- Manifold: A central distribution point that connects multiple pipes or tubes. - Mixer Tap: A faucet that blends hot and cold water to achieve a desired temperature. - Mapp Gas: A type of fuel used in plumbing torches for soldering and brazing. - Macerator Pump: A pump that breaks down waste into smaller particles for easier disposal. - Municipal Water: Water supplied by a city or local government. - Magnetic Water Conditioner: A device that uses magnets to alter the properties of water, reducing scale buildup. - Malleable Iron: A type of iron used in plumbing fittings, known for its flexibility and strength. - Manhole: An access point to a sewer or storm drain, typically covered with a removable lid. - Metal Stud: A framing material used in construction that can accommodate plumbing pipes. - Metering Faucet: A faucet that dispenses a predetermined amount of water to promote water conservation. - Multiport Valve: A valve used in pool and water treatment systems to control the flow of water. - Macerating Toilet: A toilet with a built-in macerator pump for waste disposal in locations with limited plumbing access. - Molded Countertop: A countertop with a built-in sink, often made from a single molded piece. Go To Top

- Nipple: A short, threaded pipe used to connect other fittings or pipes. - NPT (National Pipe Thread): A standard thread used in the United States for pipes and fittings. - Non-Potable Water: Water that is not suitable for drinking, often used for irrigation or industrial purposes. - Nailing Plate: A protective plate installed over pipes to prevent damage from nails or screws during construction. - Neutralization Tank: A tank used to neutralize acidic or alkaline wastewater before disposal. - No-Hub Coupling: A flexible coupling used to connect pipes without using hubs or flanges. - Non-Return Valve: A valve that allows water to flow in one direction only. - Nipple Extractor: A tool used for removing threaded pipes or nipples. - Nest Thermostat: A smart thermostat that can control heating and cooling systems in homes. - Nominal Size: The approximate size of a pipe, often different from its actual dimensions. - Non-Contact Voltage Tester: A tool used to detect the presence of electrical voltage without direct contact. - Non-Pressurized System: A plumbing system that operates at atmospheric pressure. - Nitrification: The biological process of converting ammonia in wastewater into nitrate. G Read the full article

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perthtradedirectt · 6 months

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How to Install Installation Toilets

Installation toilets require a few basic tools that most people already have. However, a professional plumber will have these items on hand and can use them quickly to get the job done right.

Start by putting the bowl on the flange and pushing it down. Be careful not to rock it or move it around, as this could break the wax seal and cause leaks.

Flange

The flange, which sits on the floor and connects the toilet to the outflow pipe, is usually made of PVC but can also be glued to the outflow pipe or cast iron. It is a best practice to install the flange above the floor to prevent leak paths from occurring below the finished flooring.

Before you can install the new flange, you must first remove the old one. You will need to scrape off the old wax with a putty knife and clean the area with a brush and soapy water.

To help you get the flange in the right position, it is helpful to use a CD as a template. The diameter of a CD is close to the size of most common pipe flanges, and it is easy to center the flange in place using this reference. You may also need to purchase a flange adapter if you are installing the toilet in an existing concrete slab with a different diameter than the pipe flange.

Bowl

While it’s not as common as a back-to-wall toilet, a close-coupled model can be a good choice for many bathrooms. This toilet design has the cistern built into the wall, and it is more space-saving than other models. It’s also easy to plan and install into a room, since the plumbing and water supply lines don’t have to go through the floor.

If you’re replacing an old toilet, the first step is to disconnect the water supply line from the top of the toilet. To do this, use small channel locks on the plastic or brass nut that sticks out from the bottom left side of the toilet tank and loosen it until it comes off.

Next, remove the closet bolt caps from the base of the toilet and unscrew the floor bolts with an adjustable wrench. Be careful not to over-tighten the bolts, as this can crack the toilet bowl. When finished, put a new wax seal on the drain flange and press down on it to flatten it.

Seat

A toilet seat can be made of either wood or plastic. A better choice is one that can be removed easily for cleaning. Look for models that have bolt caps that can be popped open, as well as hinge posts that will not snap or corrode over time. Some types have a soft-close feature that prevents the seat from slamming down loudly or hitting your fingers if you accidentally drop it.

Before attempting to remove an old toilet seat, make sure it has been thoroughly cleaned. This includes the areas around the bolts and any crevices where bacteria can hide. A mild bleach and water solution is usually enough to kill harmful germs.

If the bolts holding the old seat in place are stuck, try spraying them with WD-40 and then trying to unscrew them again. If they still don't come loose, you may need to use pliers or a wrench with a deep socket.

Tank

It's time to attach your tank. First, screw the two bolts that hold it to the toilet base—but only finger-tighten them! If you tighten them too much, the toilet can crack.

Then hook the new water supply line to the toilet’s outlet valve, adding a washer and compression nut if needed. Use a tubing bender to curve the pipe if it doesn't fit right away. And hand-tighten the plastic locking nuts on the water tank to prevent leaks.

Finally, set the toilet on its flange bolts and use your weight to squish the wax seal in place. You should feel a little resistance, but not any give—that means the seal is properly installed and seated. Finish the job by running a bead of clear silicone around the base—it'll help support the toilet and keep the floor from rotting over time.

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mccarthyplumbinggroup · 9 months

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Fake it ‘til you make it – How to Speak Like a Plumber Using Our Handy Plumbing Terms Glossary

An Australian Plumbing Jargon Glossary: Decoding Our Language

Plumbing can often feel like a language of its own, filled with technical terms, acronyms, and industry-specific jargon. At McCarthy Plumbing Group, we believe that understanding the language of plumbing can empower homeowners and clients to make informed decisions about their plumbing. In this blog, we’ve compiled a handy plumbing jargon glossary to help you decode the terminology used in the world of pipes, valves, and fixtures because as we all know; knowledge is power.

Plumbing Terms Glossary

TMV (Thermostatic Mixing Valve): A device that blends hot and cold water to maintain a safe and consistent outlet temperature, preventing scalding. Thermostatic Mixing Valves are found in hospitals, child care centres and in care compliant bathrooms.

Tempering Valve: Similar to a TMV, this valve regulates water temperature, ensuring it remains within a safe range (in Victoria, tempering valves are set at 50°C to reduce the risk of scalding.

Nipple: A short piece of pipe used to connect two fittings or fixtures. Nipples come in various lengths and are essential for plumbing connections.

Trap: A U-shaped pipe beneath sinks, showers, and toilets designed to prevent sewer gases from entering the home while allowing water and waste to flow out.

Backflow Prevention: A device that prevents the reverse flow of water into the public water supply, protecting against contamination.

Ball Valve: A type of valve with a spherical disc that controls the flow of water when rotated.

Check Valve: A one-way valve that allows water to flow in one direction only, preventing backflow.

Soldering: A method of joining pipes and fittings using melted metal (solder) to create a secure, leak-proof connection.

Plumber’s Tape (Teflon Tape): A thin, white tape wrapped around threaded pipe connections to create a watertight seal.

P-trap: A common type of trap shaped like the letter “P” used under sinks to trap debris and prevent clogs while allowing water to flow and the ‘trap’ stops foul smelling gas coming through the pipes.

S-trap: An s-shaped pipe with a water ‘trap’ to stope sewer smells coming up through the pipes. It is bulkier and connected to the floor, unlike the p-trap which connects to the wall.

Water Hammer: The loud banging noise that can occur when water suddenly stops or changes direction in pipes.

Water Meter: A device that measures the volume of water consumed by a property, used for billing purposes, always located at the boundary line of a property.

Bidet: A bidet or bidet hand sprayer are a jet of spray used to wash one’s nether regions after going to the toilet and are used instead of toilet paper.

Boundary Shaft: Connects internal sewer to water authority sewer and should terminate at ground level. Don’t ever cover your boundary shaft.

Overflow Relief Gully: Prevents sewage from overflowing into your home and should also never be covered.

Floor Waste: commonly located in bathrooms and laundries to act as a drain in the floor to avoid water building up and flooding.

Pan: a toilet bowl

Cistern: The tank at the back of the toilet where the water is held for a flush.

Mini Stop: This tap connects to the cistern and can be used as an isolation tap in case a toilet needs removing or is leaking. Should be installed on every toilet and flick mixer.

Inlet Valve: This allows water to flow freely into the tank until full (when faulty the water may keep flowing)

Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV): Designed to open and release pressure, should be installed on every water meter at 500kPa which ensures internal tapware warranties.

Pressure and Temperature Relief Valve (PTR): Designed to open and release pressure from a hot water system when the system exceeds a certain set point of either pressure or temperature.

Sacrificial Anode: This is a long metal rod and via electrolysis shields a water tank by corroding in place of a hot water system’s tank.

Thermocouple: It is in a hot water system tank and monitors if a pilot light has gone out. If the flame is out, the thermocouple will detect this and shut off the gas supply to the hot water unit until the flame is relit.

Duo Valve: The duo valve consists of two distinct valves. The first one is known as the stop tap, which is used to shut off the water supply to the heater. The second valve is a non-return valve, designed to prevent hot water from the tank from flowing back into the cold-water pipe.

Frost Protection Valve: Frost protection valves are designed to protect the hot water service’s solar panels by ensuring they don’t freeze when the outside air temperature drops. When the air temperature drops to between 3ᵒ and 4ᵒ, the thermostatic element opens in the valve and warm water is flushed through the solar storage tank in the panels which ensures the panels are less likely to freeze.

Common Plumbing Terms

Navigating the world of plumbing is much more accessible when you understand the terminology. This plumbing jargon glossary provides a foundation for homeowners and clients to communicate effectively with plumbers, make informed decisions, and maintain their plumbing. Remember, if you ever have questions or need assistance with your plumbing needs, the team at McCarthy Plumbing Group is always here to help on 03 9931 0905.

#plumber #plumbing #plumber near me #melbourneplumber

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plumberagent · 1 year

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How to Fix a Leaking Toilet?

If the water level on your toilet bowl is higher than usual, or you notice water around the base of the toilet, chances are it's leaking. A leaking toilet can waste hundreds of gallons of water each day and cause damage to your flooring if not fixed quickly.

The good news is that there are some relatively easy fixes that you can do yourself instead of calling a plumber. Here's what you need to do:

1. Shut off the Water Supply - Before beginning any repairs, make sure to turn off the water supply valve located behind or close to the toilet. This will prevent any additional damage caused by too much water pressure being released into the system.

2. Find and fix the source of the leak: Check all visible seals, such as wax rings, bolts, and shut-off valves for signs of wear or damage. If any parts look worn or corroded, replace them with new ones.

3. Replace old parts: If your toilet is older, it may have worn out or corroded parts that need replacing. Be sure to check the flapper, fill valve, and flush valve for any signs of wear.

4. Check the water pressure: Low water pressure can cause problems with your toilet's ability to flush properly. Use a pressure gauge to make sure it’s within an acceptable range.

5. Tighten bolts and nuts: Over time, connections in the plumbing can become loose and lead to leaks. Make sure all bolts and nuts are tight to avoid problems later on down the line.

6. Add additional sealant: If you still have issues after checking all of the above, add some more sealant between the toilet and the floor. This will help to create a better seal and prevent leaks.

7. Replace Parts as Necessary - If you find any parts that need to be replaced, remove the old one and install the new part securely. Make sure that all connections are tight and sealed properly to prevent any future leaks.

Fixing a leaking toilet doesn't have to be complicated! With just a few simple steps, you can easily get your loo up and running without calling in an emergency plumber.

If you have a toilet cistern leaking, don't panic. There are simple steps you can take to stop the leak and get back to enjoying your bathroom in no time. To begin with, make sure to turn off the water supply located behind the toilet. After that, remove any excess water from the tank by using a sponge or bucket.

Locate the source of the leak - it's usually near one of two places: either at the base of the flush valve or on one of its connecting hoses. To repair a leaky flush valve, replace it with a new one and reattach the necessary components. If there is damage to one of its hoses, then simply tighten connections or replace them as needed. Once everything is back in place, turn the water supply back on and test the toilet for any leaks.

By taking these simple steps, you can fix most leaking toilets yourself without having to call a professional plumber. If these tips don't work, however, it's best to contact an experienced plumber who can identify and repair any hidden issues quickly and safely.

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joplumbing · 16 days

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Jo Plumbing offers a comprehensive range of services to address every plumbing need.

From emergency plumbing and routine maintenance to advanced installations and gas fitting, their team of skilled professionals is well-equipped to handle it all. They pride themselves on providing prompt and effective solutions to common plumbing issues like leaky faucets, blocked drains, and malfunctioning hot water systems. With their deep understanding of local building codes and plumbing regulations, Jo Plumbing ensures that all projects comply with industry standards. This commitment to safety and quality has earned them a strong reputation as a trusted plumber in Pakenham. Their customer-centric approach emphasizes transparent communication, fair pricing, and delivering services that exceed client expectations. In emergency situations, time is of the essence, and Jo Plumbing is known for its rapid response and efficient service. Their emergency plumbing team is available 24/7 to tackle urgent issues like burst pipes, overflowing toilets, and severe leaks, minimizing potential damage to your property.

#plumber hampton park #plumbing services #plumber lysterfield #emergency plumber pakenham #plumbing #water tap repair #plumber pakenham #plumber #plumber vermont #toilet cistern seals

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desentupidorahpblog · 2 years

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Steps To take When Unclogging Block Drain

Any sort of facility, whether industrial or commercial, or even a residential residence, necessitates proper systems for getting in clean water and disposing of trash. Water-using appliances such as sinks, water fountains, and toilets can become clogged for a variety of reasons.

Clogged toilets are a major annoyance and inconvenient, and they must be unclogged as quickly as possible. There is high DesentupimentoPreço when you call professional from Empresa Desentupidora to unblock the toilet. You always can try to unclog the toilet on your own, but if that fails, you will need to hire a plumber.

The Flushing Issue

When your toilet refuses to flush, your main concern is that it will overflow. To prevent the toilet from overflowing, remove the toilet lid and cover the flapper of toilet.

This will prevent water from flowing into the toilet seat from the toilet cistern. You can also choose to close the lever that draws water into toilet bowl, which is usually located behind the toilet closest to the floor.

Clearing The obstruction

Before dealing on blocked toilets, it’s usually a good idea to adequately prepare. Because the floor is certain to get wet and dirty, you can cover it with toilet tissue or newspapers. Wear protective gloves to safeguard yourself from germs included in water that may spill from the toilet. Open the windows to avoid feeling overwhelmed by the foul odour emanating from the toilet.

You can then determine whether you can see what is obstructing the toilet. If you’re able to see it, you must reach out and pull it out. If, on the other hand, you can’t see the obstruction, you should use a high-quality plunger. For, this you can search online information.

Making Use of a Plunger

The Desentupidorayou use should form a proper sealing so that you can remove the blockage. It is preferable to utilise heavy-duty rubber plungers rather than little suction cup plungers, which may be ineffective. You can soften the Desentupidora De Esgoto by running hot water over it to get a good seal. You can also wrap a rag around the plunger to eliminate leaks and create a good seal.

You should make sure the plunger is submerged and covers the entire opening. The plunger from Desentupidora Em Guarulhoscan then be pumped constantly and strongly up and down. You may need to continue this for a while, and after numerous tries, flush to determine whether the toilet has cleared.

Snake for Plumbing

Unclogging clogged toilets may require more than a plunger. If you aren’t able to unblock the toilet, you can contact a professional of DesentupidoraEm São Paulo. A plumber would typically use a plumbing snake to clear the obstruction in your toilet.

The plumbing snake is a flexible wire coil that is capable of traversing the turns and twists of the toilet drain to locate the blockage. The toilet augur is a pipe snake that removes blockages in clogged toilets.

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dybdahltravels2022 · 2 years

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Knossos

August 16, 2022.

Knossos is known as the first city in Europe and while we feared it was be packed with Covid spreading humans - we decided to go anyway and be as safe as possible. The words of the Seal & Croft song "we may never pass this way again" kept running through my head and I just knew we HAD to go. So we did.

We decided to make this a late afternoon visit as Kepler had read that by 3:00 pm the population visiting Knossos would be thinned out. First, we visited the Archaeological Museum of Heraklion and I was completely blown away by the collection. In most archaeological sites uncovered by the Brits in the late 1800 or early 1900 the majority of the "artifacts" now live in London - but OMG - the things we saw.

Yes, there were lots of people there and not everyone was wearing a mask - but we did and stayed away from people as much as possible. After a couple of hours in the museum we met in the museum's courtyard for a snack and then Kepler and I headed out, by city bus, to Knossos. Mark opted not to go after reading that the place was always jam-packed with humanity. I love taking public transportation when we travel because you get to see a lot of the city from the comfort of the bus. This was no different and we got to explore the capital city of Heraklion or Iraklion as it is called by the people who live here. After 35 minutes it was our stop and we hopped off the bus.

Knossos was amazing and amazingly empty. There were people there - but very few. Kepler's research paid off - for sure. This place is HUGE!! It was the capitol of ancient Crete. There had been 5 story buildings here, a palace, store houses, homes for the rich and poor, places for shops and more. This was the capital city of the Minoan culture. A full water system provided the people with water that flushed the toilet area and headed into a designated area away from the city and several cisterns that were fed with the water collection system that was everywhere.

Kepler was troubled by the "reconstruction" of much of the site. Not that it had been done (as Knossos looked like Tylossos when it was discovered) but by the fact that it was designed to look like this is what they found when they arrived. He didn't really like the idea that the place had been rebuilt NOT so much from what we know now, but from the concept the English archaeologist Evans had about how it should look with an emphasis on the male as ruler.

For me, especially after seeing the ruins in Tylossos and learning muchmore in the museum, this gave me an idea about how it may have been and the massiveness of everything. It sort of tied it (my readings, our visit to Tylossos, and what I had learned in the museum) all together

We both agreed it was certainly worth the trip and IF you are in Crete a must do. One of the big features of this ancient city is the maze - long believed to be the Maze of Minotaur. But what was since discovered is that the ruins that look like a maze (from our elevated viewpoint) was just a series of small rooms and corridors (exactly what we had seen in Tylossos.) The skull that was found there was more likely the skull of a bull - sacred animal of the Minoan people - than that of a Minotaur., (you think?)

But you gotta love the first story better.

We now know a great deal more about these people than Evans ever knew. Their art and coins have been found in places far exceeding the eastern Mediterranean and their amazing art tells so much about day-to-day life 3,000 - 5,000 years ago. Women ruled the roost here and there were high priestesses - not priests. Yearly sacrifice of the sacred bull and all the rituals involved in that process was a must in order to keep the gods and goddesses satisfied. Because as everyone knew only happy gods and goddesses would assure good weather, plentiful crops, healthy community members, easy births, safe travel on land and sea, peace and so much more.

Much of the art was found in pieces, but not all, and that art told the story. Many frescos were found - none of them complete - but miniatures were a big part of the culture and these miniatures were whole and clear allowed artists of today to fill in the missing pieces of the massive frescos.

We saw much of the art posted in the last post - but not from the Internet but with our own eyes.

Again, I was so shocked to see these pieces in Crete where they belonged. it was refreshing indeed.

While Kepler and I took the city bus, Mark picked us up with perfect timing - but that leads me to a different subject - driving in Crete. When we rented the car, the agent said - "Sorry, all I have are full size cars." GREAT!!! That was what we wanted - but he apologized several more times. Now we didn't rent a 12 person van or a big-ass Hummer, we rented a VW Passat. But turns out it was indeed too big for some of the roads in Crete - especially in the smaller cities. Mark got to practice his excellent back-up skills more that once and we got to enjoy every single sound of every "you are way too close" censor on the car - all at once. Talk about nerve racking!! Truly, I wish I had taken a picture of one the city streets he had to back out of, but I didn't and you will have to imagine a street where the width is about 6 inches wider than this car. OMG!!

Kepler - who is a "look-up" genius - found a site that explained all the road signage in Crete - which was very handy and SHOULD be a handout from every car rental company. Some signs are universal like the red octagonal stop sign and animal crossing signs (in Michigan is it deer but it Crete it is goat) - but many are very confusing and unique to Greece. Anyway that problem was solved with Kepler in the navigator seat.

Passing or being passed was a unique experience as well. When we first picked up this "giant" car we were puzzled by drivers driving half on the shoulder of the road and half on the road. Very puzzled and there was no time for "looking-up" anything on our very first voyage - so we just got to our condo with out solving that. Once settled, Kepler looked up "tips for driving in Crete" and we learned that you drive on the shoulder to let someone pass you - as opposed to crossing into the other lane. We also learned the drivers in Crete seldom pay attention to lane markers at all - and man, did we see that play out. Motorcycles and Mopeds zoom in out and around you on the road - sometimes passing on the right - and sometimes on the left. Geez!! Sidewalks are only for big cities and outside the major cities, people walk and ride bikes on the shoulder of the road.

Another thing we saw on the roadsides were beautiful miniature models of churches. They are very common and very elaborate and about the size of a mailbox. They are so common, I guessed they were mailboxes - but NOPE - they are called. kandylakia and are memorials to the person/s killed at the spot. It didn't take long to understand the frequency of the little churches as we watched cars zooming on the shoulder and veering around families who were walking or riding bikes to their destination on the shoulder of the road. OMG!!!

We had two times when we saw massive groups of people walking on the shoulder. The first was on day 1 when we saw a funeral. The mourners following the litter carrying the cremains and a photo went on forever. The second time was on August 15 which is The Feast day of Dormition of the Theotokos (this is the day Mother Mary ascended into heaven according to the dogma of these two religions.) All good Catholics and Greek Orthodox parishioners make a mandatory pilgrimage to their church on this day for blessing and bread. This is the most important holiday in Crete after Christmas and Easter.

Mark did a great job driving - although the brakes were sticky and that took a few years off both my and Kepler's lives. We were both glad he was driving instead of either of us though and having Kepler navigating was very handy since I am still having trouble reading anything on my phone. Kepler has been so helpful, we might have to bring him on all our trips. He thinks that would be a great gig - FYI.

We finished the day with some local color - stopping by this little spot with great view. It was a family place and the waiter - who was in his later 40s told us his "mama" said the only souvlaki that was available tonight was chicken. We saw chickens - FYI - right by the parking lot. Our waiters's teenage kids served us the "grand - mama"s:" chicken souvlaki too.The food was AMAZING but the views were better .

Tomorrow will be day 5 - and that is our official laundry day. "Pack light - launder often" is my motto."

Only one more full day in Crete.

Aντιο σας. (good-bye)

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rabbitcruiser · 2 years

Photo

World Toilet Day

History of World Toilet Day

World Toilet Day Timeline

3000 BC Pipes carry waste

Even a few thousand years ago various people groups (in Scotland, India, Mesopotamia and more) would use pipe systems to carry waste out of their houses and into rivers or streams.

100-200 AD Group toilets for soldiers

Middle Ages (500-1500 AD) Garderobes are used

Predating the toilet, “garderobes” were little rooms that hung over the sides of the castle. This little closet had a bench with a hole in it where the waste would drop into a moat or pit below.

1596 Flushing toilet is invented

1775 First toilet patent issued

1829 First toilets in a hotel

The Tremont Hotel in Boston, USA installed eight indoor water closets for its guests.

1866 World’s first bathroom showroom

1880s Thomas Crapper invents the ballcock

1910 Elevated water tank

A similar design to today’s toilets, the closed water tank and bowl moves into common use.

1986 Sensor flushes introduced

In Japan, the first toilets with sensors that would flush on their own were used.

2001 World Toilet Organization is created

The World Toilet Organization moves to educate people about the sanitation crisis. Even in today’s modern times, more than 2 billion people across the world still do not have access to a toilet.

2013 World Toilet Day made official by the UN

In an effort to raise awareness and support for places where people don’t have proper access to sanitation, the first UN World Toilet Day is celebrated on November 19, 2013.

How to celebrate World Toilet Day

Another thing you could do as a way of observing World Toilet Day Would be of course to make a donation, so if you have the means, know that every dollar helps.

Source

#Cold Springs Pony Express Station Ruins #Marstrand #Coney Island #travel #New York City #Folsom State Prison Museum #Gettysburg National Military Park #Kings Landing Historical Settlement #Canada #original photography #cityscape #architecture #landscape #rest area #Calico Ghost Town #World Toilet Day #19 November #WorldToiletDay #outhouse

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