#zygosities

[ykoriana-imperatrix]

SDC Month - December 2022 - Monday #2

Will I manage to maybe mildly offend anyone with the latest installment in this project? Time to find out!

As before, the usual disclaimer: as much as I made light of it above, if you feel you might genuinely be even a little offended/upset/incensed/what have you by anything that could fall under the umbrella of "unpopular opinion", this post probably isn't the best choice of reading material for you. Thank you, and have a nice day.

(Cut for content as always, and also for spoilers from The Chosen through The Third God.)

Possibly-controversial statement of today: Molochite and Osidian being fraternal twins is not by itself enough to prevent Carnelian from putting two and two together regarding the latter's identity.

And yes, before I go into anything else, while those two's zygosity is never actually explicitly stated in the books proper or in the website, the author has indeed confirmed they are fraternal twins. Now, I'm not here to bash our friendly but often-clueless protagonist — by now, you all likely know that I like to poke fun at plenty of concepts and/or characters, but I try to keep any actual criticisms as fair and as balanced as possible given the circumstances, and ensure I make reasonable arguments (again, as much as I can given the subjectivity of some topics).

Facts: yes, the Jade Lord brothers are not identical twins, so it's not like Osidian's face is going to be unmistakenly a near-perfect copy of that of Molochite, only with a birthmark. However, there are passages supporting the fact that even so, they do have a very strong family resemblance (not exactly wildly surprising, given they are still full brothers and their absurd level of inbreeding). For instance, in the chapter "The Election", there is this:

For a moment, Carnelian saw the face he expected—a face twinned to Molochite's. A dark mark on the forehead began his frown.

And yes, one could still argue Osidian is still far enough away at this point for Carnelian not to be able to take full, clear notice of his features, and so would be seeing him as resembling Molochite more than he actually does, but I'd argue the very fact he still thinks this counts for something. Then, much later in the series, when Molochite's dead body is brought before Carnelian and Osidian in the chapter "Murderous Grief":

Molochite's beautiful, cruel face was distorted by a grimace that combined horror and surprise. Osidian gazed upon his brother, eyes bleak. Carnelian looked from Osidian's face to Molochite's, and he marvelled at how alike they were.

This one is harder to argue against, wouldn't you say? One couldn't even say that Molochite's corpse is too disfigured to cause Carnelian to overstate the resemblance or something of the sort, since he is clearly able to describe his expression. No, I feel like evidence points in favour of it being indeed a canonical fact that regardless of zygosity, Molochite and Osidian do strongly resemble one another.

Having gone through these passages, let's travel back in time to the events of The Chosen again. If you think about it, Carnelian meets very few Chosen from the House of the Masks, so how much does he really have to go on in terms of resemblances? He meets Molochite, a little later on the same day the Hanuses and not too long after Kumatuya (whose face, of course, he cannot and never does see), nine days after that Osidian, and fifteen days after that Ykoriana (whose face he does not actually see until several years and five books later, and I'm only considering content relevant to this book here). (I'm basing these temporal references on the Kumatuya reign chronology from the old website, by the way.) Carnelian himself has been told he looks very much like his late mother Azurea, but as he never knew her, and also never, say, sees as much as a portrait of her or anything of the sort, only has others' words to go on. So, combining this with the above, we know his only experience considering resemblances between people with Masks blood would come from his meetings of Molochite, the Hanuses and Osidian. And even if, according to him (from the "Beadcord" chapter), there is some resemblance between the Hanuses and Osidian...

Carnelian realized whence came the resemblance that had been nagging him: his likeness to the Lords Hanus was unmistakable.

...wouldn't one expect the resemblance between Molochite and Osidian to be even more pronounced, or at the very least on the same level? Sure, as the half-uncles of all three boys, the Hanuses are still close relatives (in a highly inbred family, which one cannot reiterate enough), but considering the passages from above and the fact the Hanuses would be more distant relatives genetically, if only slightly (plus, we know they — well, Right-Hanus — have differently-coloured eyes from those of the twins, and eye colour tends to be one of the most striking traits in a person, all the moreso in a society where everyone is bald). On that note, it is odd that one resemblance eclipses the other, or that thinking of the Hanuses does not get Carnelian thinking of the one other person from the House of the Masks whose face he has actually seen. (Though it is possible this happens because since the Hanuses are the first — and only — Chosen syblings Carnelian meets, the impact of that uniqueness is so great it does in fact eclipse the meeting with Molochite (especially considering said meeting preceded the one with the Hanuses), even given how absolutely mesmerising his beauty was to Carnelian? Or perhaps Carnelian just has a short attention span. Or both are true.)

Plus, while he is ultimately mistaken about Osidian's identity, Carnelian does correctly identify him as a son of Kumatuya from the start, he just thinks he's a (divided) sybling and the son of some random Lesser Chosen lady rather than a Jade Lord and the son of Ykoriana. So, by this point, Carnelian has met a total of four Masks individuals whose faces he's actually seen... and he never even vaguely finds himself comparing Osidian to the only other one who is a fellow child of Kumatuya? Not once? Even assuming the divided sybling theory were true (a phrase I never thought I'd find myself writing, but here we are), Osidian and Molochite would still be half-brothers, so I think you might agree it not being brought up, ever, seems at best a curious omission (even being charitable and accounting for everything else Carnelian is dealing with at the time). And if the Chosen syblings Carnelian had met had actually been half-brothers of the twins instead of half-uncles, sure, I would have found it more understandable that the resemblance to Molochite wouldn't have raised any red flags or been given any thought to; Carnelian would have just noted there happened to be a definite resemblance between all these sons of the God Emperor, hardly a surprising thing. But as it is, Carnelian never once meets a single other Chosen child of Kumatuya, sybling or otherwise, so I am sorry to say, I do genuinely think that he had pieces he could have put together to figure out Osidian's identity, and Molochite "merely" being a fraternal twin of Osidian and not an identical one was not the main (or, I'll go further, even a) reason he failed to do so before the election.

My final verdict: it does seem that there is even more truth to the classic meme (an old running joke between me and @suth-sardian) of Carnelian not caring all that much about his family than one might think at first.

[blairbee]

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[nodoubtdnatesting]

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[biotech-news-feed]

Researchers report in the Journal of Molecular Diagnostics that their approach could identify dizygotic twin pregnancies with high sensitivity and specificity. #BioTech #science

[aleveledexcelpsychologyrevision]

Brendgen's Study

322 pairs of twins = 44 were male monozygotic, 50 were female monozygotic, 41 were male dizygotic, 32 female dizygotic and 67 were mixed sex

Gathered in spring term so twins were well known

Teachers completed Preschool Social Behaviour Scale and Direct and Indirect Aggression Scale, done on 3-point scale

Peer ratings = booklet photos every child class and circle 3 pictures that they thought matched 4 behaviour descriptions

Much higher correlation between MZ rating on physical aggression in teacher and peer rating

Social aggression scores roughly equally correlated in MZ and dz

Correlation between physical and social aggression is best explained by genes

Physical aggression lead to social aggression but not the other way around

Evaluation:

G) 88 twin pairs disappeared before the age-6 testing point and if these children included those who are more disturbed or with the most chaotic backgrounds, study may not be representative. The dropping out of studies is called sample attrition

R) Used established questionnaires. Strong correlation between teacher and peer-ratings, suggesting scores are reliable. The original questionnaires were in French so translations may be unreliable. The allocation of zygosity was based on appearance and so there could have been DZ twins who looked alike in the MZ category

A) Classes and workshops help children learn less aggressive ways of interacting and encouraging parents to be better role models to their children can decrease social aggression

V) Study is based on correlations and not causation. MZ twins are often branded with the same brush, meaning that if one is deemed as naughty then the other will as well regardless of their behaviour. This may have affected the teacher and peer-rating

E) Parents and teachers consented. However, the study involved children labelling each other and may have negative impacts on friendship if they shared who they labelled with what, which may have resulted in hurt feelings or revenge

[pluskj]

Zygosity - Page 20

Chapter 1 ★  page 1 // 2 // 3 // 4 // 5 - 6 // 7 // 8 // 9 // 10 // 11 // 12 // 13 // 14 // 15// 16 // 17 // 18 > 19 > 20 > next

[emilyed999]

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[roxyfoxsimmer]

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[mosskat-sketch]

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[jennakru]

The Exchange Rate for Doctors

Dr. J had been my gynocologist for many years prior.  I liked her very much, but she wasn't for the faint of heart.  She was medium height with mousy brown hair, rounder than your average human and as brash as a truck driver on their CB radio.  All of that aside, she was knowledgable and to the point, which I always appreciated, and a great listener.  When a patient said something was wrong, she heard them, and responded accordingly, and in doing so, she had aided me in ways several PCPs had not.

Upon delivering the news that we had discovered a twin pregnancy, she was clearly preturbed, since she too had likely become aware of this during her previous exam.  Though she had hidden this fact initially, it was clear to me by this time that she had attempted to save us from the disappointment of a miscarraige.  [Research shows that 9% of twin pregnancies end in the loss of both babies and in 27% of such pregnancies there is a loss of just one.] Dr. J had a clear distaste for the ultrasound business we had visited, of which we had been forewarned, and our visit began with the exclamation that their results are unreliable, blah blah blah.  The topic of a possible mono mono pregnancy came up quickly and this is where things really went south.

For those less clear on zygosity, let me break this down simply.  In a dichorionic-diamniotic [di di] pregnancy, twins have their own chorions, amniotic sacs and placentas.  In a monchorionic-diamniotic [mono di] pregnancy, twins share a chorion , have their own amniotic sac but share a placenta.  Monochorionic-monoamniotic [mono mono] twins share all of the above.  Historically, mono mono twins have had a higher death rate and more serious complications than the other types, but with current day medical management, survival rates are around 90%.

This doctor, my doctor, a trusted medical professional with years of experience, looked me dead in the eye and said, "If they are mono mono, you might as well have an abortion.  They are going to die anyway."

The few remaining minutes I spent in that office were a blur.  I honestly have no memory.  I just know that I left in tears and on a mission to find a new doctor and I never stepped foot in that building again.

JEK

[remussirion]

Zygosity Eyeshadow (TS4)

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[aylishsims-blog]

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[mcatmemoranda]

The zygosity refers to the number of eggs fertilized. Monozygotic twins split from the same egg and are identical. Monozygotic twins can have the same placenta or separate placentae. They can have the same amnion or separate ones.

So the "di-di," "di-mono, etc." refers to identical twins. The first “mono-” or “di-” refers to the amnion. The second “mono-” or “di-” refers to the chorion (whether they have the same placenta).

Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome occurs in twins that share a placenta (monochorionic).

[mosskat]

My boy Teddy. Finally drew him! ( : ˘ ∧ ˘ : )ᕗ

Oh! Please check out all the art @cassandrajp draws of him. So gorgeous!

Sorry about Zygosity guys, my life is still in limbo and I have maybe 2 hours a week drawing time. 

[werefrogs]

gay and mixed only thing hetero abt me is my zygosity

[pluskj]

Rain! The grumpy smol. Rain belongs to @cassandrajp