#Tested PCB Card

[ramautomations123]

BBC SYNPOL CMA-32 GVT 360–5792 PCB Card | Industrial Automation Control Board | Ram Automations

Discover industrial reliability and precision with the BBC SYNPOL CMA-32 GVT 360–5792 PCB Card — now available at Ram Automations, your trusted global supplier of genuine industrial and marine automation spare parts. This Printed Circuit Board (PCB) is designed for seamless integration into legacy control systems where stability and performance are critical. Whether you’re maintaining a control cabinet, restoring a discontinued system, or replacing a failed board, this BBC SYNPOL PCB Card offers the solution you need.

🛒 Order Now: 👉 https://ramautomations.com/products/bbc-synpol-cma-32-gvt-360-5792-pcb-card-used 🌐 Explore Our Full Catalog: https://ramautomations.com

🔍 Product Overview

• 📦 Model: CMA-32 GVT 360–5792 • 🏢 Brand: BBC SYNPOL • 🧩 Type: PCB Control Card • 🧾 Condition: Tested and Verified • ⚙️ Function: Signal routing, control interfacing, automation logic • 📍 Applications: Industrial PLC systems, control cabinets, marine automation units, legacy control systems

✅ Why This PCB Is a Great Choice

✔️ Genuine BBC SYNPOL product ✔️ Perfect fit for legacy systems ✔️ Fully tested and quality assured ✔️ Ideal for discontinued or obsolete installations ✔️ Supports long-term operation of industrial systems ✔️ Cost-effective and dependable replacement solution

🏭 Ideal For

✔️ Factory automation repair ✔️ OEM panel retrofits ✔️ Marine and shipboard control systems ✔️ Power plant systems ✔️ Process automation platforms ✔️ Industrial cabinet refurbishment ✔️ Obsolete PCB replacement

Extend the life of your equipment with this BBC SYNPOL CMA-32 GVT 360–5792 PCB, and avoid expensive upgrades or full replacements. Ram Automations provides support for both current and legacy automation technologies.

🌐 Why Ram Automations?

With access to 1000+ global brands, Ram Automations offers rare, genuine, and tested industrial parts. From power supplies and control boards to discontinued automation modules, we provide critical parts to engineers, integrators, and MRO professionals worldwide.

✔️ 1000+ Brands in Stock ✔️ Used and Legacy Components ✔️ Global Delivery Options ✔️ OEM & Bulk Discounts Available ✔️ Friendly Expert Support Team

📹 In This Video You Will Learn:

🔎 Product walkthrough of the BBC SYNPOL PCB ⚙️ Use cases in industrial and marine systems 🛠️ How to integrate the board into your system 💡 What makes legacy parts essential for MRO teams 📦 Why buying from Ram Automations is a smart investment

📣 Connect with Us

👍 Like this video if it helped 💬 Comment below for product questions 🔔 Subscribe for new weekly videos featuring industrial & marine spares

[adafruit]

Rooooound display prototype testing 🌀✨

Okay, we've got our 1.3" round TFT prototype ready for testing - and here's a cute GIF of a dial turning back and forth. It's a great way to test the display, backlight, and SD card interface. We're using a QT Py ESP32 since we need quite a bit of oomph to decode GIFs and display them in real-time. With EYESPI, no wiring is required! This is good to go - it's time to book the PCB panel!

[commodorez]

From design in Falstad, to practical testing on a breadboard, to the design I plan to build as a PCB.

This is for the next generation of Cactus video card, to improve the video level control. I have no idea what I'm doing here, so much of this has been helpful people saying "hey, you probably want ___", mixed with trial and error.

[techav]

Sharing a Computer with More Friends

A few months ago I built an I/O expansion board for my homebrew 68030 project with a 4-port serial card to go with it, and got BASIC running for four simultaneous users. It worked, but not as well as I had hoped. I wanted to be able to run two of those serial cards to support 8 total users, but it had proven unstable enough that with just the one card I had to slow down the whole system to 8MHz.

So I designed a new serial card.

I had previously been running this computer without any issues at 32MHz with a mezzanine card with FPU & IDE as well as a video card. The main board by itself can clear 56MHz. Having to go all the way down to 8MHz just didn't sit well with me. I want this machine to run as fast as possible for its 8 users.

I put extra time into reviewing worst-case timing for all components and graphing out how signals would propagate. The 16C554 quad UARTs I'm designing around are modern parts that can handle pretty fast bus speeds themselves — easily up to 50MHz with no wait states on the 68030 bus — assuming all the glue logic can get out of the way fast enough.

Signal propagation delays add up quickly.

My first draft schematic used discrete 74-series logic for chip selection, signal decoding, timing, etc. At slower bus speeds this wouldn't have been a problem. But I want this thing to run as fast as possible. By the time critical signals had made it through all those logic gates, I was looking at already being well into one wait state by the time the UART would see a 50MHz bus cycle begin.

I needed something faster. I was also running low on space on the board for all the components I needed. The obvious answer was programmable logic. I settled on the ATF22V10 as a good compromise of speed, size, availability, and programmability. It's available in DIP with gate delays down to 7ns. Where discrete gates were necessary, I selected the fastest parts I could. The final design I came up with showed a worst case timing that would only need one wait state at 50MHz and none for anything slower.

It ended up being a tight fit, but I was able to make it work on a 4-layer board within the same footprint of my main board, putting some components on the back side. (It may look like a bunch of empty space, but there's actually a lot going on running full RS232 with handshaking for 8 ports).

New problem. I had blown my budget for the project. As much as I love those stacked DE9 connectors, they're expensive. And there's no getting around the $10 pricetag for each of those quad UARTs. Even using parts on-hand where possible, I was looking at a hefty Mouser order.

[jbevren] suggested using ganged RJ45 connectors with the Cisco pinout instead of stacked DE9, to save space & cut costs. [Chartreuse] suggested buffering the TTL serial TX/RX signals to drive the LEDs that are frequently included on PCB-mount RJ45 connectors. Both great ideas. I was able to cut 20% off my parts order and add some nice diagnostic lights to the design.

Two weeks later, I received five new PCBs straight from China. I of course wasted no time setting into starting to assemble one.

I really set myself up for a challenge on this one. I learned to solder some 25 years ago and have done countless projects in that time. But I think this might be the most compact, most heavily populated, most surface mount board I've ever assembled myself. (There are 56 size 0805 (that's 2x1.2mm) capacitors alone!)

After a few hours soldering, I had enough assembled to test the first serial port. If the first port worked then the other three on that chip should work too, and there's a great chance the other chip would work as well.

And it did work! After some poking around with the oscilloscope to make sure nothing was amiss, I started up the computer and it ran just fine at 8MHz.

And at 16MHz.

And at 25MHz.

And at 32MHz.

And at 40MHz.

And almost at 50MHz!

Remember what I said about my timing graphs showing one wait state for 50MHz? The computer actually booted up and ran just fine at 50MHz. The problem was when I tried typing in a BASIC program certain letters were getting switched around, and try as I might, BASIC just refused to 'RQN' my program. It was pretty consistently losing bit 3, likely from that signal having to travel just a tiny bit farther than the others. A problem that will probably be resolved with an extra wait state.

Good enough for a first test! A few hours more and I finished assembling the card.

I did have some problems with cleaning up flux off the board, and I had to touch up a few weak solder joints, but so far everything seems to be working. I've updated my little multi-user kernel to run all 8 users from this new card and it's running stable at 40MHz.

I need to update my logic on the 22V10 to fix a bug in the wait state generator. I would love to see this thing actually running at 50MHz — a 25% overclock for the 40MHz CPU I am currently running. I also want to expand my little kernel program to add some new features like the ability to configure the console serial ports and maybe even load programs from disk.

I hope to bring this machine with a collection of terminals and modems this June to VCF Southwest 2025 for an interactive exhibit that can be dialed into from other exhibits at the show.

[himmelstudies]

November lately, 2023

November has been a ride so far. Here is a detailed overview of my 10 days of November:

Spend most of my days, staring at a code to incorporate a better way to store data in a text file without using an SD card or EEPROM as my arduino board doesnt have that functionality.

Tried out a minimum of 7 data storing methods with the board, only for 1 to work properly

My arduino board becomes fried

Travelled to town to purchase a new board and deliver it to school for further testing

Spent my weekends working on Printed Circuit Boards, checking on designs etc

Coded my weekends away to optimise the codes into functions and tested it with a verification app, at this point, i have added data storage, data retrieval, error handling, data clearing, averaging into the code. All worked with some bugs in place.

Attempted to incorporate with our own app and failed

After group members testing, app is only compatible with old codes and the new script cannot be used. (Illogical as the base code for new script is the exact same and had tested with the old code in this new script and app failed)

PCB board connections had issues, board cannot be powered

Tested and troubleshooted for about 5 hours straight

Found out during dinner that board was not grounded

Went back to solder a connection

Arduino board died before tests cannot be done

Another board used and PCB worked

By the end of tomorrow, this project is over. In the end, we had a working product that can do the functions we have envisioned. It is just unfortunate that my newly coded functions cannot be incorporated with the main code. But at least, it works so my efforts are not all wasted.

But yes, it has been a hectic week and it is mainly from a singular project that requires us ti come up with a product from scratch. Our device is working, and that is the important thing.

My group will be presenting on our product tomorrow morning. Wish us luck! No photos of our product as there is a chance it might be further developed in future.

- gray

[argroup6]

Datta Meghe Medical College – A Trusted Name for MBBS Aspirants in India

If you are a student looking to become a doctor and searching for a reputed private medical college in India, Datta Meghe Medical College is a name you should definitely know. Located in Nagpur, Maharashtra, this college is quickly becoming a top choice for students who want quality education, modern facilities, and strong career support.

This blog covers everything you need to know about Datta Meghe Medical College – courses, fees, admission process, eligibility, hostel life, and why it stands out among other private medical colleges.

About Datta Meghe Medical College

Datta Meghe Medical College is part of the Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DMIMS), which is a Deemed-to-be University recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC) and the National Medical Commission (NMC).

The college is known for its student-centered approach, top-tier medical training, and access to advanced hospitals for clinical experience. It is attached to the 1000+ bed Shalinitai Meghe Hospital and Research Centre, ensuring real-time patient exposure for students.

Courses Offered

The college offers the following medical programs:

MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) – Duration: 5.5 years (including 1-year internship)

Postgraduate MD/MS programs in various clinical and non-clinical departments

PhD and Research Programs in Medical and Allied Health Sciences

The most popular program among students is the MBBS course at Datta Meghe Medical College due to its structured academics and strong hospital training.

MBBS Fees at Datta Meghe Medical College

The MBBS fee structure is as follows (subject to annual revision):

Tuition Fees: Approx. ₹22–25 lakhs per year

Hostel Fees: ₹1.5–2 lakhs per year

Miscellaneous: Mess charges, examination fees, and one-time admission charges may apply

While the fees are higher than government colleges, students benefit from modern infrastructure, experienced faculty, and strong clinical exposure, making the investment worthwhile.

Eligibility Criteria

To get admission into the Datta Meghe Medical College MBBS program, students must:

Complete 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and English

Score at least 50% marks in PCB (40% for SC/ST/OBC)

Qualify the NEET-UG exam

Be at least 17 years old by 31st December of the admission year

Admission is granted through NEET-UG merit and centralized counseling by DGHS (MCC) under the Deemed University quota.

Why Choose Datta Meghe Medical College?

Here are the top reasons why MBBS aspirants prefer this college:

Modern Infrastructure

The campus is equipped with air-conditioned lecture halls, smart classrooms, anatomy labs, and e-libraries. The Simulation Centre allows students to practice skills before actual clinical exposure.

Clinical Exposure from Early Years

With Shalinitai Meghe Hospital as its teaching hospital, students are exposed to patients, procedures, and emergency care from their second year itself.

Focus on Research

The college promotes medical innovation through its Medical Research Cell, encouraging students to participate in projects, case studies, and research papers.

NEET PG & FMGE Coaching

Students get extra academic support through regular mock tests, revision classes, and PG entrance guidance, helping them succeed in NEET PG or FMGE if planning to go abroad.

Safe & Student-Friendly Environment

Located in a peaceful area of Nagpur, the college offers a secure, inclusive environment that supports academic as well as personal growth.

Documents Required for Admission

Students must prepare the following documents at the time of admission:

Class 10 & 12 mark sheets and certificates

NEET-UG admit card and scorecard

Transfer Certificate

Migration Certificate (if applicable)

Aadhaar card or valid ID proof

Passport-size photographs

Caste/Category certificate (if applicable)

Provisional allotment letter from MCC

All documents must be submitted during physical reporting and original certificates may be verified on campus.

Hostel and Campus Life

The hostel facilities at Datta Meghe Medical College are world-class:

Separate hostels for boys and girls

AC and Non-AC rooms with attached bathrooms

24/7 security and CCTV surveillance

Mess serving hygienic and nutritious food

Laundry, Wi-Fi, reading rooms, and common areas

Students enjoy a balanced life with academics, sports, cultural fests, and seminars happening throughout the year.

Recognitions and Accreditations

Datta Meghe Medical College is:

Recognized by National Medical Commission (NMC)

Part of Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, which is NAAC A++ Accredited

Ranked among the top Deemed Universities in Maharashtra

Empanelled with reputed hospitals for training and internships

The MBBS degree from here is valid across India and abroad (after clearing screening tests like FMGE, if needed).

Admission Process – Step-by-Step

Here’s a simple guide to get MBBS admission in Datta Meghe Medical College:

Appear and qualify NEET-UG

Register for MCC Counseling under Deemed University quota at mcc.nic.in

Choose Datta Meghe Medical College, Nagpur in your choices

If allotted, download the letter and report physically to the college

Submit documents and pay the first-year fee

Management and NRI quota seats are available, but admissions are strictly merit-based.

Final Verdict – Is Datta Meghe Medical College Good for MBBS

If you're looking for a private medical college in India that balances academics, practical exposure, modern infrastructure, and career growth, then Datta Meghe Medical College is an excellent option.

With strong support for NEET PG, FMGE, and hands-on training in a large hospital, the college sets a solid foundation for your journey to becoming a doctor.

Need Help?

We at AR Group of Education offer admission support, counseling, and documentation help for MBBS aspirants across India and abroad.

Feel free to contact us at:

523, 5th Floor, Wave Silver Tower, Sec-18 Noida, UP-201301

+91–7076909090

info@argroupofeducation.com

[unicausnews]

Jun 24, 2025 11:27 AM IST Rajasthan JET Admit Card 2025: Candidates who've utilized for the Rajasthan JET examination will be capable of obtain their admit playing cards from jetskrau2025.com. Rajasthan JET Admit Card 2025: Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University (SKRAU), Bikaner, will launch the Rajasthan Joint Entrance Test (JET) admit card 2025 at the moment, June 24. Candidates who've utilized for the Rajasthan JET examination for admission to undergraduate programs in Agriculture and Allied Sciences will be capable of obtain their admit playing cards from the scholar portal at jetskrau2025.com. Rajasthan JET admit card 2025 at the moment at jetskrau2025.com(Official web site, screenshot) Also learn: UGC NET Admit Card 2025 for June 27 launched, direct hyperlink and how one can obtain Rajasthan JET admit card 2025: Direct hyperlink to the official web site The entrance take a look at might be performed on June 29, from 11 am to 1:10 pm at chosen cities in Rajasthan. Candidates must report back to the examination centre between 9:30 am and 10:30 am. The college mentioned that the admit card is not going to be despatched by publish or personally to any candidate.  Candidates have been suggested to learn the directions on the admit playing cards and comply with them in the course of the examination. They should retain the admit card in a protected situation until the admission course of is accomplished.  The college has not prescribed any syllabus for the examination, however has given a broad define in annexure 2 of the knowledge bulletin.  There might be a single query paper for all candidates. Candidates searching for admission to Agriculture/ Horticulture/ Forestry/ Fisheries/ Food Nutrition and Dietetics/ Community Science have to aim three topics of their 10+2 stream. Also learn: JEECUP Result 2025 declared at jeecup.admissions.nic.in, direct hyperlink to obtain UPJEE Polytechnic rank card right here For Admission to BTech (Food Technology), out of the mixture of Agriculture (A), Biology (B), Chemistry (C), Mathematics (M) and Physics (P), solely PCM, PCB or PCMB or PCA might be relevant. For admission to Dairy Technology, candidates should try Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics topics. The query paper might be bilingual (English and Hindi) and encompass multiple-choice kind questions. In case of any discrepancy, the English model might be thought of right. Each topic could have 40 multiple-choice questions. The candidates are required to decide on essentially the most acceptable reply and blacken the corresponding circle with a black ball-point pen within the OMR sheet. For tough work, candidates want to make use of the take a look at booklet. Candidates are allowed to hold the query paper after the examination is over.  Also learn: SSC CHSL 2025 registration for 3131 vacancies begins at ssc.gov.in, test particulars right here Each query within the take a look at could have 5 choices. In the case a candidate doesn't need to try a query, s/he must darken the circle quantity E.  For every right reply, candidates will get 4 marks and one mark might be deducted if the reply is flawed. If a candidate chooses multiple possibility, it is going to be handled as a flawed reply.  For extra data, click on right here.  Get newest information on"RRB">https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/competitive-exams/rrb-ntpc-admit-card-news-2025-live-exam-city-slip-date-news-official-website-sarkari-result-future-com-101748750935102.html">RRB NTPC Admit Card together with Board Exam, Competitive Exam and Exam Result at Hindustan Times. Also get newest Job updates on Employment News, NEET UG Answer Key Get newest information on"RRB">https://www.hindustantimes.com/education/competitive-exams/rrb-ntpc-admit-card-news-2025-live-exam-city-slip-date-news-official-website-sarkari-result-future-com-101748750935102.html">RRB NTPC Admit Card together with Board Exam, Competitive

[morepcb1]

Quickturn PCB Assembly: How to Build and Mount Your First Circuit Card Efficiently

In today’s fast-paced electronics market, turning a prototype idea into a working product quickly can mean the difference between leading innovation or falling behind. That’s where quickturn PCB assembly plays a vital role allowing developers to create and test functional circuit card assy units in record time. If you're new to this process, understanding how to efficiently build and mount your first circuit card is key to a successful hardware project.

circuit card assy

[leiditechelectonicpublishing]

Interface protection design for edge computing gateways

With the rise of the Internet of Things and the popularity of cloud services, a new computing paradigm — edge computing — is beginning to appear in our field of vision. Edge computing advocates processing data at the edge of the network, thereby reducing system response time, protecting data privacy and security, extending battery life, and saving network bandwidth. Current applications are divided into industrial and automotive applications.

Industrial gateways

Industrial gateway is an indispensable device of the industrial Internet of Things, it is like the nerves of the human body, the perceived various types of information to the brain for processing, the brain through the operation to determine what kind of response to do, and then transmitted by the nerves to the limbs of the whole body. The gateway can collect PLC data, do remote maintenance and download programs, and has the functions of edge computing and protocol parsing. Industrial communication gateways can perform message conversion between various network protocols, and their functions can be implemented by a chip, an embedded device or board, or a stand-alone device.

Industrial Edge Computing Gateway Features:

1. Rich interface, support Ethernet, serial port, CAN port, IO port and other equipment access and Ethernet, 2G/3G/4G full Netcom network access;

2. Embedded hundreds of industrial protocols, supporting more than 99% PLC and the vast majority of industrial equipment access;

3. 8GB local storage + SD card support, support local data cache and offline application;

4. Three-in-one serial port, support RS485/RS232/RS422 three kinds of electrical interfaces;

5. Support edge computing, realize data optimization, real-time response, agile connection, model analysis and other services in the edge node of the Internet of Things, and effectively share cloud computing resources to support simultaneous access of multiple devices;

6. Support DC9~36V wide voltage input, adapt to a variety of complex industrial sites;

Each interface protection design of the industrial gateway

D-C power supply

Features of the on-board gateway

Due to the particularity of the on-board power supply, all the product power ports taken from the car need to pass the surge load-dump test, Leiditech Electronics provides a professional protection solution for the load-dump test, compared with the industrial gateway, the on-board power supply protection needs are greater.

summary

The interface protection of electronic products needs to use overvoltage protection devices, many engineers realize that they want to use protection devices, but due to improper selection or failure to follow the ESD circuit PCB design principles, resulting in product electrostatic testing or EMC testing does not pass, product verification tests many times, waste of manpower and financial resources, causing product delays to market Things always occur, or over-design, resulting in cost pressure.

Leiditech Electronics specializes in providing customers with EMC design services for electromagnetic compatibility, providing laboratories to do thorough tests, from customers efficient, easy to complete the design, hoping that more customers can quickly pass EMC’s projects and improve product reliability. Leiditech Electronic Electromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory, which provides peripheral electrostatic surge protection reference circuits.

If you’d like to learn more or have any questions, don’t hesitate to reach out:

[sales16@leiditech.com]

Visit us at [en.leiditech.com]

EdgeComputing #IndustrialIoT #EMCDesign #ESDProtection #AutomotiveGateway #SmartFactory #IoTDesign #HardwareEngineering #EmbeddedSystems #SurgeProtection #InterfaceDesign #TechBlog #EngineeringLife #ProductDevelopment #DesignTips

[ramautomations123]

BBC CMA-37 GVT 360–5798 Voltage Monitoring Card | Industrial PCB Module | Ram Automations

Discover durability and precision with the BBC CMA-37 GVT 360–5798 Voltage Monitoring Card — a reliable component for maintaining optimal voltage stability in your industrial automation systems. At Ram Automations, we bring you tested and verified legacy modules to ensure your system stays operational without unnecessary replacements.

This used voltage monitoring PCB is ideal for various industrial and marine automation setups, offering excellent performance in power management and voltage detection applications. Whether you’re maintaining legacy equipment or repairing older automation panels, this module fits right into your operational strategy.

🛒 Buy Product Now: 👉 https://ramautomations.com/products/voltage-monitoring-card-cma-37-gvt-360-5798-bbc 🌐 Visit Our Website: https://ramautomations.com

🔧 Product Overview

• 🆔 Model: CMA-37 GVT 360–5798 • 🏢 Brand: BBC • ⚙️ Type: Voltage Monitoring PCB Card • 📦 Condition: Tested & Verified • 🛠 Application: Industrial cabinets, power automation, marine systems, electrical diagnostics

✅ Key Features

✔️ Original BBC component ✔️ Designed for legacy & discontinued systems ✔️ Maintains voltage accuracy in critical applications ✔️ Cost-effective solution for industrial maintenance ✔️ Used, tested, and in working condition

🏭 Applications

• Industrial voltage monitoring • Automation cabinets • Legacy system replacements • Marine electrical control • Power supply regulation

💡 Why Ram Automations?

Ram Automations is your global supplier for rare, legacy, and genuine industrial and marine spare parts. With over 1000+ automation brands and quick global delivery, we support OEMs, service engineers, and MRO companies worldwide.

✔️ 1000+ Global Brands ✔️ Rare & Obsolete Modules Available ✔️ Quality Assured Used/Refurbished Stock ✔️ Worldwide Delivery ✔️ Technical Guidance & Support

📽️ What You’ll See in This Video

🎥 Real-life view of BBC CMA-37 GVT 360–5798 board 🔧 Integration in voltage monitoring setups 🛠 Usage for OEMs and electrical technicians 📦 Applications in control cabinets and automation frameworks

📣 Stay Connected

👍 Like this video for more industrial component content 💬 Comment your questions — we respond fast 🔔 Subscribe to our channel for weekly product showcases

[adafruit]

Festival of Lights - Night #8 Tiny Round 0.7" TFT Display 💡🎉

It's the last night of our "Festival of Lights" mega design fest—to wrap up this year, we're doing eight days of light-filled designs!

We started with the Sparkle Motion Mini

) which can drive thousands of shimmering RGB LEDs. Then, we did the Sparkle Motion stick, a USB-pluggable version (

). On the third night, a 1.28" round TFT display (

), and on the fourth, a 1.8" round TFT with captouch overlay (

). On the fifth night, a tiny 0.85" TFT display (

) came to life. We took a little break on the sixth night since we were doing a lot of Sparkle Motion testing (

) and did a quick revision of our NeoRGB (

) The seventh night was a transparent OLED display with 128x64 pixels and an I2C interface. (

Tonight - the candles are burned out, the donuts are all eaten, and the final prototype PCB is booked! This is a mini breakout for a tiny 0.7" round TFT display with 160x160 pixels. What is this, a display for ants? We couldn't fit a micro SD card socket on the back, but we did get an EYESPI socket on there, and 0.1" spaced breakout pads with all the necessary connections, plus a regulator and level shifter. Whew, we're going to bed - Happy New Year!!!

[commodorez]

How would one go about learning how to make something like the cactus?

Like prerequisites, older code, hardware stuff, etc.

The main prerequisites I can think of are being heavily interested in vintage computers, and having the drive to try and fail and then try again.

I started with building Grant Searle's design, borrowing from other working designs as I went. However, for the front panel? That's alot of time designing, learning, simulating in Logisim, and testing with physical logic gates to produce something 100% original and of my own design. I imagine most folks won't want to go to the trouble of designing an entire front panel state machine like I did.

The good news is that there are way more kits that can help teach the necessary skills than ever before! Most notably, Ben Eater's 6502 kit is a really great way to learn many of the things that I've put into practice here. He has a whole youtube video series associated with it, walking through concepts, construction, programming, etc. step by step. Even if you don't build one of his kits, watching them is an informative process. *I* learned alot, even after having built the Cactus.

If you're going the Z80 direction, the RC2014 series of kits can teach you plenty. There's also glitchworks kits in a few processor types, but those tend to be a bit more for the advanced user. There's the 1802 Membership Card but that's small and not really expandable. I could be here all day listing kits that can help teach and build up experience.

I should mention that I have a computer science degree in my back pocket, but learning logic gates or using assembly was only lightly touched on in the course of my studies. Most of the programming I do involved messing around in BASIC anyway.

I really didn't have a game plan for some of it, so alot of my learning process was trial and error. Alot of errors, in fact. Still making them, and learning from them. I also took the harder route to construction, since I didn't know how to use EDA tools for designing PCBs like KiCAD or Altium or Eagle (don't use Fritzing for the love of fuck).

Oh, one other thing I can recommend: reading through contemporary 1970s computing magazines like Byte (check the internet archive for back issues). There are all sorts of cool projects and ideas present that can really guide you. It doesn't hurt to have a copy of Don Lancaster's TTL Cookbook on hand (I think it's in PDF form online).

Finding a community to help you out is also a great idea. Even back in the 1970s, many folks who jump-started the home computer revolution had the Homebrew Computer Club to help them out. Community meetings to bounce ideas off of, and help one another through debugging are essential in my book -- you don't have to work in a vacuum. I've got a few places I've asked for help, most notably the Retrotech Crew discord server. I've had the benefit of friends who also have homebrewed designs like @techav, who have inspired me with their ideas, but helped me out with mine. In turn, as I've learned, I've been able to help out others.

Hopefully that answers your question. Keep 'em coming!

[blogmetaeducationindia-blog]

MBBS Admission Process in India Explained – 2025 Updates

With a growing number of NEET aspirants every year, securing an MBBS seat in India has become increasingly competitive. The admission process, though centralized and merit-based, can be confusing for first-timers due to multiple counseling authorities, quotas, and documentation requirements. This article provides a detailed explanation of the MBBS admission process in India for 2025, including updated steps, counseling procedures, and timelines.

Step-by-Step MBBS Admission Process in 2025

1. Qualify NEET 2025 (National Eligibility cum Entrance Test)

The very first and mandatory step for MBBS admission in India is clearing the NEET UG 2025 examination. Conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA), it serves as the single entrance test for all medical colleges—government, private, deemed, and even AIIMS & JIPMER.

Key NEET 2025 Details:

Expected Exam Date: May 2025

Application Window: January to February 2025

Subjects Covered: Physics, Chemistry, Biology

Qualifying Marks:

General: 50th percentile

OBC/SC/ST: 40th percentile

PwD: 45th percentile

Only NEET-qualified candidates are eligible to apply for MBBS admission.

2. Check Eligibility Criteria

Before applying for counseling, ensure that you meet the eligibility requirements:

Age: Minimum 17 years by 31st December 2025

Education: 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Biology/Biotechnology, and English

Minimum Marks:

UR: 50% aggregate in PCB

SC/ST/OBC: 40%

PwD: 45%

Nationality: Indian citizens, NRIs, OCIs, PIOs, and foreign nationals can apply

3. Participate in Counseling – AIQ & State Quota

Once NEET results are declared (likely in June 2025), admission is done via two main counseling streams:

a. All India Quota (AIQ) – 15% Seats

Conducted by: Medical Counseling Committee (MCC)

Covers: Central institutes, AIIMS, JIPMER, deemed universities, and ESIC colleges

Open to candidates from all states

b. State Quota – 85% Seats

Conducted by: Respective State Counseling Authorities

Covers: State government & private colleges

Generally requires state domicile for eligibility

Each counseling round typically includes:

Online registration

Payment of counseling fee

Choice filling & locking

Seat allotment

Document verification

Reporting to the allotted college

4. Apply to Deemed & Private Universities (If Desired)

If you're aiming for deemed universities or private medical colleges, you must register under MCC’s counseling (for deemed) or your state counseling portal (for private colleges).

Private and deemed institutions usually have higher fees, but also offer greater seat availability.

5. Round-wise Counseling (2025 Updates)

The counseling process happens in multiple rounds to fill vacant seats:

• Round 1:

Initial seat allotment based on NEET rank and preferences.

• Round 2:

Fresh choices allowed; candidates can upgrade their seats.

• Mop-Up Round:

Conducted for remaining vacant seats after the first two rounds.

• Stray Vacancy Round:

Final round conducted by colleges for unfilled seats.

🆕 2025 Update: MCC and many states may introduce AI-based seat allotment tools and digital document verification systems for faster and transparent admissions.

Documents Required for MBBS Admission

Keep the following documents ready (original + photocopies):

NEET 2025 Admit Card and Scorecard

Class 10 & 12 Mark Sheets and Passing Certificates

Birth Certificate

Caste Certificate (if applicable)

Domicile Certificate (for state quota)

Identity Proof (Aadhaar/PAN/Passport)

Passport-size photographs

Provisional allotment letter

Migration/Transfer Certificate

Character Certificate

MBBS Admission Through AIIMS & JIPMER – What’s New?

Since 2020, AIIMS and JIPMER also admit students via NEET-UG. There is no separate entrance test anymore. These institutions are part of the MCC counseling and are among the top-ranked colleges in India.

Fee Structure Overview (2025)

Type of CollegeAnnual Fees (Approx.)Government Colleges₹10,000 – ₹1.5 lakhPrivate Colleges₹7 – ₹20 lakhDeemed Universities₹10 – ₹25 lakh+AIIMS/JIPMER₹1,500 – ₹6,000

Important Dates – MBBS Admission 2025 (Tentative)

EventExpected TimelineNEET 2025 ApplicationJan–Feb 2025NEET 2025 Exam DateMay 2025NEET Result DeclarationJune 2025MCC Counseling (AIQ/Deemed)June–July 2025State Counseling StartsJuly–August 2025Mop-Up/Stray RoundsAugust–September 2025Academic Session BeginsOctober 2025

Final Thoughts

The MBBS admission process in India for 2025 is structured yet highly competitive. A high NEET score significantly boosts your chances of landing a seat in a reputed government or central institute. However, with proper planning and timely registration in the right counseling rounds, even moderate NEET scorers can secure private or deemed university seats.

Stay updated with official websites such as nta.ac.in (for NEET) and mcc.nic.in (for AIQ counseling), and the portals of respective state counseling authorities.

With early preparation, awareness of the process, and a strategic approach, your dream of becoming a doctor in India can become a reality in 2025.

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How Printed Circuit Board Assembly (PCBA) Differs from Circuit Card Assembly (CCA)?

In the electronics industry, words like PCBA and circuit card Assembly (CCA) are often used. Despite their equality, however, there is a significant difference in references, applications and scope of these words. Understanding the difference between PCBA and CCA is crucial for experts working on electronic systems for engineers, designers and buying experts.

Understanding of printed circuit board Assembly (PCBA)

The Printed Circuit Board Assembly (PCBA) refers to the process where electronic components are mixed on a bare PCB to create a completely functional tray. This includes growing active and passive components such as resistance, capacitor, integrated circuit (ICS), contacts and more. The PCBA process includes a combination of Surface Mount Technology (SMT), through-Hole Technology (THT) or both. Following the assembly, the board reviews test processes such as Automated Optical Inspection (AOI), in-Circuit Test (ICT) and functional testing to ensure quality and reliability.

Typically, PCBA is utilized to portray both the manufacturing handle and the coming about board. It centres particularly on the populated board itself and not the total framework in which it will inevitably operate.

What is Circuit Card Assembly (CCA)?

Circuit Card Assembly (CCA) is a broader term that can allude to a completed electronic Assembly that may incorporate not as it were the populated board but too connectors, protecting, mechanical latches, and now and then lodging components. The term CCA is regularly utilized in businesses like aviation, defense, and broadcast communications where complex electronic modules are built as portion of bigger systems.

A Circuit Card Assembly may comprise of one or more PCBAs mounted inside a chassis or case, total with wiring, warm administration components, and extra mechanical bolsters. It is a more all encompassing term that goes past the uncovered board to incorporate extra parts essential for sending in real-world environments.

Key Contrasts Between PCBA and CCA

1. Scope:

• PCBA refers specifically to the assembled circuit board with electronic components.

• CCA encompasses the entire assembly that includes the PCBA along with mechanical and structural elements.

2. Usage Context:

• PCBA is commonly utilized in customer hardware, car, and common gadgets manufacturing.

• CCA is predominant in exceedingly controlled divisions like aviation and military, where point by point system-level congregations are essential.

3. Complexity:

• A PCBA is typically a subcomponent within a larger device.

• A CCA may represent a standalone module ready for integration into larger systems.

4. Terminology Origin:

• PCBA is more commonly used in commercial and industrial electronics manufacturing terminology.

• CCA stems from military and aerospace documentation and procurement language.

Conclusion

While Printed Circuit Board Assembly and Circuit Card Assembly may show up comparative at to begin with look, they serve distinctive parts in the lifecycle of an electronic item. PCBA centres on the prepare of populating a circuit board, while CCA covers a more comprehensive electronic module. Recognizing the contrasts between PCBA and CCA guarantees superior communication, clearer documentation, and more successful extend arranging over designing and manufacturing groups.

[argroup6]

Subharti Medical College – A Top Choice for MBBS Aspirants in India

Choosing the right medical college is one of the most important steps in a student’s journey to becoming a doctor. If you are looking for quality medical education, modern infrastructure, and good placement opportunities, Subharti Medical College is a name you must consider. Located in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, it has earned a strong reputation among students for its academic excellence and facilities.

In this blog, we’ll cover everything you need to know about Subharti Medical College, including fees, courses, campus life, eligibility, and why it can be a great fit for your MBBS dreams.

About Subharti Medical College

Subharti Medical College, officially known as Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Subharti Medical College, is part of the Swami Vivekanand Subharti University (SVSU) in Meerut. It was established in 2001 and is one of the leading private medical colleges in North India.

The college is recognized by the National Medical Commission (NMC) and offers undergraduate and postgraduate medical programs. It is also approved by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India.

Courses Offered at Subharti Medical College

Here are the main medical courses offered:

MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) – 5.5 years (including 1-year internship)

MD/MS in multiple clinical and non-clinical branches

Diploma Courses

Paramedical and Allied Health Sciences Programs

The most popular and sought-after course remains the MBBS program at Subharti Medical College, thanks to its quality education and hospital training exposure.

MBBS Fees at Subharti Medical College

The total fees for the MBBS course at Subharti Medical College are approximately ₹13–16 lakhs per year, including tuition and other charges.

Hostel Fee: ₹1–1.5 lakhs per year (AC/non-AC options)

Security Deposit: Refundable at the end of the course

Miscellaneous: Mess, exam, and library charges may apply

While it is a private college, the fees are considered reasonable compared to many other private medical colleges in India.

Eligibility Criteria

To get admission to Subharti Medical College, students must fulfill the following criteria:

Must have completed 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and English

Minimum 50% marks in PCB (for general category); 40% for reserved categories

Must have qualified NEET-UG

Minimum age: 17 years as of 31st December of the admission year

The admission is based strictly on NEET rank and counseling process conducted by DGME Uttar Pradesh.

Why Choose Subharti Medical College?

Here are a few reasons why Subharti Medical College is becoming a popular choice for MBBS aspirants:

Modern Infrastructure

The college offers smart classrooms, digital libraries, research labs, and well-equipped dissection halls. The campus is Wi-Fi enabled and designed for comfort and learning.

1000+ Bed Hospital

Students get real-time exposure at Chhatrapati Shivaji Subharti Hospital, which is attached to the medical college. It has advanced departments, ICUs, OTs, and 24/7 emergency services.

Experienced Faculty

The college has a team of experienced doctors and professors who guide students through both theoretical and practical learning.

FMGE and NEET PG Support

Students from Subharti Medical College are well-trained to crack competitive exams like FMGE and NEET PG due to the structured academic planning and regular mock tests.

Student-Friendly Campus

From hostel facilities to gymnasiums, cultural clubs, and cafeterias – the campus has everything to make student life enriching and enjoyable.

Documents Required for Admission

When applying for Subharti Medical College, make sure to have the following documents ready:

10th and 12th marksheets and certificates

NEET-UG admit card and scorecard

Aadhaar Card/Passport

Passport-size photographs

Transfer and Migration Certificates

Domicile and Caste Certificate (if applicable)

Allotment Letter (from DGME UP counseling)

Hostel & Campus Life

Hostels at Subharti Medical College are separate for boys and girls and offer AC and non-AC rooms with attached bathrooms. Facilities include:

24/7 security and CCTV surveillance

Mess serving hygienic Indian food

Laundry and housekeeping

Study rooms and reading areas

Medical support and Wi-Fi

Students also enjoy access to a gym, sports complex, auditorium, and student clubs for extracurricular growth.

Placement and Internship Opportunities

All MBBS students complete their 1-year rotatory internship at the college hospital. They are exposed to all major departments like Medicine, Surgery, Pediatrics, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, and more.

Many students from Subharti Medical College go on to pursue PG courses in India or abroad, while others start their practice or join government/private hospitals.

Admission Process for MBBS at Subharti Medical College

Here is how you can apply:

Qualify NEET-UG

Register for UP NEET Counseling through DGME portal

Choose Subharti Medical College in your preference list

If allotted, complete document verification and pay admission fees

Subharti Medical College Ranking & Reviews

NMC Approved

Rated among top 10 private medical colleges in Uttar Pradesh

Positive reviews for faculty, hospital exposure, and infrastructure

Excellent NEET PG coaching support

Many parents and students find Subharti Medical College a balanced choice between affordability, quality, and career growth.

Final Thoughts – Is Subharti Medical College Good for MBBS?

If you are aiming to pursue MBBS in a reputed private medical college in North India with a strong clinical base, modern campus, and NMC recognition, then Subharti Medical College is definitely a great option.

It provides an excellent learning atmosphere, strong academic support, and all-round development – helping you build a strong foundation for your medical career.

Need Help?

We at AR Group of Education offer admission support, counseling, and documentation help for MBBS aspirants across India and abroad.

Feel free to contact us at:

523, 5th Floor, Wave Silver Tower, Sec-18 Noida, UP-201301

+91–7076909090

info@argroupofeducation.com

[pcpsikar]

Who Conducted NEET 2026? A Complete Guide to the National Testing Agency's Role

The National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) is India's single largest medical entrance examination, serving as the gateway to undergraduate medical courses across the country. As we look ahead to NEET 2026, understanding the conducting body, its responsibilities, and the examination process becomes crucial for millions of aspiring medical students. This comprehensive blog post will explore everything you need to know about who conducts NEET 2026 and how the examination process works.

Introduction to NEET 2026

NEET (National Eligibility cum Entrance Test) is the sole medical entrance examination in India for admission to MBBS, BDS, AYUSH (BAMS, BUMS, BHMS), and Veterinary (B.V.Sc & AH) courses in government and private medical colleges across the country. Since 2019, the National Testing Agency (NTA) has been the official conducting body for this prestigious examination.

NEET 2026 will follow the same pattern as previous years, being conducted in offline (pen-and-paper) mode across numerous test centers in India and abroad. The exam is expected to be held on May 3, 2026, based on previous years' trends.

The National Testing Agency (NTA): Conducting Body of NEET 2026

Establishment and Role of NTA

The National Testing Agency (NTA) was established by the Ministry of Education (formerly Ministry of Human Resource Development), Government of India as an independent, autonomous, and self-sustained premier testing organization. Its primary objective is to conduct efficient, transparent, and internationally standardized tests to assess candidates' competency for admission to premier higher education institutions.

For NEET 2026, the NTA will be responsible for:

Designing and administering the examination

Releasing the official notification and information bulletin

Processing applications and collecting fees

Allocating examination centers

Preparing and distributing admit cards

Conducting the examination

Evaluating answer sheets and declaring results

NTA's Official Portals

The NTA maintains two primary official websites for NEET-related information:

exams.nta.ac.in/NEET - For application submission and examination details

neet.nta.nic.in - For general information and updates

NEET 2026 Examination Details

Exam Pattern and Structure

NEET 2026 will follow the traditional pen-and-paper (offline) format with the following structure:

Duration: 3 hours (180 minutes)

Total Questions: 180 multiple-choice questions (MCQs)

Sections:

Physics: 45 questions (180 marks)

Chemistry: 45 questions (180 marks)

Biology (Botany and Zoology): 90 questions (360 marks)

Total Marks: 720

Marking Scheme:

Correct answer: +4 marks

Incorrect answer: -1 mark

Unattempted question: 0 marks

The examination will be conducted in 13 languages: English, Hindi, Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Odia, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu.

Eligibility Criteria for NEET 2026

To appear for NEET 2026, candidates must fulfill the following eligibility criteria:

Age Limit:

Minimum age: 17 years as of December 31, 2026

No upper age limit (as per Supreme Court ruling)

Educational Qualification:

Must have passed 10+2 or equivalent with Physics, Chemistry, Biology/Biotechnology, and English as core subjects

Minimum aggregate marks required:

General/EWS: 50% in PCB

OBC/SC/ST: 40% in PCB

PwD: 45% in PCB

Nationality:

Open to Indian Nationals, NRIs, OCIs, PIOs, and Foreign Nationals

Number of Attempts:

No restriction on the number of attempts

Important Dates for NEET 2026 (Expected)

Event Expected Date

NEET 2026 Notification February 2026

NEET 2026 Registration Start Date February 2026

Last Date for NEET 2026 Registration March 2026

NEET 2026 Correction Window March 2026

NEET 2026 City Intimation Slip April 2026

NEET 2026 Admit Card Release April 2026

NEET 2026 Exam Date May 3, 2026 Expected)

NEET 2026 Provisional Answer Key May 2026

NEET 2026 Final Answer Key May/June 2026

NEET 2026 Result Declaration June 2026

NEET 2026 Counseling Begins July 2026

Application Process for NEET 2026

The NEET 2026 application process will be completely online through the official NTA website. Here's a step-by-step overview:

Registration:

Visit exams.nta.ac.in/NEET

Provide basic details (name, date of birth, mobile number, email ID)

Create a password and security question

Filling Application Form:

Enter personal, academic, and contact details

Select exam medium (from 13 available languages)

Choose three preferred exam cities

Uploading Documents:

Passport-size photograph (10KB-200KB, JPG format)

Signature (4KB-30KB, JPG format)

Left thumb impression (10KB-200KB, JPG format)

Postcard-size photograph (10KB-200KB, JPG format)

Payment of Application Fee:

General/Unreserved: ₹1700

General-EWS/OBC-NCL: ₹1600

SC/ST/PwBD/Third Gender: ₹1000

Foreign Nationals: ₹9500

Final Submission:

Review all details

Submit the form

Take a printout for future reference

NEET 2026 Admit Card and Examination Day

The NEET 2026 admit card will be released approximately one week before the examination date. Candidates must download it from the official website using their application number and password. The admit card will contain crucial information such as:

Candidate's name and photograph

Roll number

Examination center details

Reporting time

Important instructions 

On the examination day (expected to be May 3, 2026), candidates must:

Reach the examination center at least 2 hours before the reporting time

Carry the printed admit card along with a valid photo ID proof

Follow all COVID-19 protocols (if applicable)

Bring only permitted items (ballpoint pen, passport-size photograph, etc.) 

NEET 2026 Results and Counseling

After the examination, NTA will follow this timeline:

Provisional Answer Key: Released within a week of the exam for candidates to challenge any discrepancies 

Final Answer Key: Released after considering all challenges 

Result Declaration: Expected in June 2026, containing:

Subject-wise and total scores

All India Rank (AIR)

Percentile score

Qualifying status

Counseling Process

The counseling for NEET 2026 will be conducted separately for:

All India Quota (15%): By Medical Counseling Committee (MCC)

State Quota (85%): By respective state authorities

The counseling process typically involves:

Registration

Choice filling and locking

Seat allotment

Document verification

Admission to allotted college

Preparation Tips for NEET 2026

While this blog focuses on the conducting body and examination process, here are some quick preparation tips for aspiring candidates:

Understand the Syllabus: Cover all topics from Class 11 and 12 NCERT syllabus for Physics, Chemistry, and Biology 19

Create a Study Plan: Allocate time wisely among all subjects

Practice Previous Years' Papers: Understand the exam pattern and difficulty level 

Take Mock Tests: Improve time management and accuracy

Focus on Weak Areas: Strengthen conceptual understanding

Maintain Health: Ensure proper sleep, diet, and exercise during preparation

Conclusion

NEET 2026 will be conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA), maintaining its position as India's most prestigious medical entrance examination. With lakhs of aspirants competing for limited seats in medical colleges across the country, understanding the examination process, from application to counseling, becomes crucial for success.

As the expected exam date (May 3, 2026) approaches, candidates should stay updated through official NTA notifications and begin their preparations early. Remember, while the NTA administers the examination, your success depends on consistent effort, strategic preparation, and a calm mindset during the test.

For the most accurate and updated information, always refer to the official NTA websites (neet.nta.nic.in and exams.nta.ac.in/NEET) as the examination dates near. Best wishes to all NEET 2026 aspirants for their medical journey ahead!