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 fact about emergency pill

some important facts about emergency pill. emergency pill can prevent pregnancy when taken before 3 to 5 day after unprotected sex watch the video

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Sam edematous

Sam edematous SAM is caused by imbalance between nutritional intake and individual needs. It is most often caused by both quantitative (number of kilocalories/day) and qualitative (vitamins and minerals, etc.) deficiencies. watch this video

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pain during mensuration

Primary dysmenorrhea.

This is the pain during menstruation with no clear pathology.

Is it because when the prostaglandin is released from the endometrium after progesterone withdrawal, this causes muscle constriction and uterine constriction then lead to ischemia and resulting into pain

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Menstruation terminology

Eumenorrhea 

This is a normal and regular menses of 3 to 5 days.

Cryptomenorrhea 

Subjective symptoms of menses without flow of blood.

Dysmenorrhea.

Painful menses caused by muscles contraction to expel the tissues

Menorrhagia.

Excessive menses at regular intervals

for more click here

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calculating mils from milligrams of any drug #shorts

#health#nursing

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Feeling hot

Feeling hot During pregnancy, the mother is likely to feel warm than normal. This is due to hormones changes an increase in blood supply to the skin. There is likelyhood would sweating.

 prevention. 

Wear loose clothing which is made of natural fibres as these more absorbent and breath more than synthetic fibre.

keep your room cool. 

wash frequently this will help you feel fresh. click here for more

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nausea and vomiting it's a common disorder seen in about 50% of women between 4 to 16 weeks of gestation. 

the most likely causes is hormonal influence, human chronic gonadotrophic hormone that is presents in the first trimester, estrogen and progesterone all contribute to this. 

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changes in reproductive system

uterus

weight increase from 60 grams to 900 grams.

Uterus increase in weight size length and thickness. length from 7.5cm to 30 cm Width from five centimeters to 23 centimeters thickness from 2.5 centimeters to 20 centimeters.

Growth of the pregnant uterus

12 weeks globular and reaches just above the symphysis pubis.

16 weeks uterus is felt felt midway between symphysis pubis and umbilicus

20 weeks fell at umbilicus

24 weeks, about two fingers above the umbilicus

30 weeks midway between umbilicus and xiphisternum.

36 weeks reaches xiphisternum.

38 weeks the founders sit down to the level of 36 weeks. This is called lightening.

Then 40 weeks pregnancy is that term .

changes in the endometrium.

endometrium become thicker and more vascularize refer to us Decidua. decidua has three layers that is basal ,spongy and compact

changes in myometrium

due to the effects of estrogen there is growth of uterine muscles. There is increase in size of muscle fibers(hypertrophy )and in numbers(hyperplasia). This growth happen in the first 20 weeks after which it is stretches to accommodate the growing fetus

At 16 weeks the uterus begin to generate small wave of contraction. This is call Braxton Hicks contraction which will become real contraction which will become real in labour.

Three layers of myometrium become more defined namely inner circular layer surrounds the cornua and the cervix this will stretch the lower uterine segment and dilate the cervix in labour.

Middle oblique layer contrast and retracts during labour and control bleeding after placenta expulsion this is called Living ligature.

Outer longitudinal layer constructs and retracts during labour causing the upper segment to thicken, this act as a piston to force the fetus into the receptive ,passive lower segment

Changes in the Perimetrium

This is a layer which does not totally covers the uterus it's deflected over bladder anteriorly to form the uterovascla porch and over the rectum to form pouch of Douglas. This arrangement allow unrestricted growth of the fetus

changes in the cervix.

Increase in width. cervical gland hypertrophies and secrete more mucus to form cervical plug which  is called operculum. Increase blood supply makes the cervix to appear bluish or purple

Cervix ripen at term due to increase of painless contraction and prostaglandin from the local tissues

changes in vagina

vagina hypertrophies to enable stretching during labour. blood supply increase leading to softening of the vaginal tissues  and blue discoloration of the vagina. pulsation of the uterine arteries felt through lateral fornices.

There increase in superficial cells which lead to increase vaginal discharges(leucorrhoea)

. There's also increase in glycogen content which makes the vagina more acidic this provide an extra degree of protection but make one susceptible of Candida albicans.

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nausea and vomiting it's a common disorder seen in about 50% of women between 4 to 16 weeks of gestation. the most likely causes is hormonal influence, human chronic gonadotrophic hormone that is presents in the first trimester, estrogen and progesterone all contribute to this. The sickness is confined to early morning, but can occur at any time of the day.it passes after 100 days of pregnancy

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Cause and prevention of heart burn in pregnancy

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this is how local people can develop